MX2007015257A - Quick change holder for cutting tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A quick change tool holder (10) is provided for cutter inserts (16) on machine tools which comprises a housing (13) which is adapted to receive and conform to the shape of a cutter insert (16). A pivoting arm (12) is mounted in the insert housing (13) and rotates about a pivot (30) therein. The pivoting arm (12) has a clamp portion (22) extending from the pivot (30) to a position over a seat portion (18) which is adapted to engage a cutter insert (16). In addition, the pivoting arm (12) has an arm (32) extending from the pivot (30) opposite the clamp portion (22). Lastly, a cam (14) is engaged by a distal end (34) of the arm (32). The cam (14) has a clamp position which forces the clamp portion (22) to engage a cutter insert (16) and a release position which forces the clamp portion (22) to disengage from a cutter insert (16) to allow thereof. The cam (14) moves between the release position and the clamp position.

Description

FAST CHANGE TOOLS FOR CUTTING TOOL Technical Field This invention relates generally to the field of tool holders for cutting tools and, more particularly, to a tool holder for improved cutting tool which avoids the need for tools to change the cutting tools thus providing the skill to quickly change cutting tools as needed in machine shops.

Background of the Invention In the industry of cutting or machining of metal, metals and other hard materials are made in a desired form through various cutting operations. The cutting tools used in the industry have pronounced shapes and are made from materials that are much harder than those that are being cut. However, the forces involved in cutting metals and other hard materials are substantial and therefore the cutting tools and materials that are cut must be held extremely securely with a very high degree of rigidity. In addition, the geometry of the cutting edges of said tools is very wide and strong when purchased, for example, with the edge of a knife blade. This very wide edge also increases the required cutting forces additionally. There are two general cutting modes that run in the industry. The first is the external cut where the material is removed from the external surfaces of the raw material or the part to be machined. An analogous cutting technique would be the peeling of an apple. The second cutting mode is the internal cut where the material is removed from the surfaces that are surrounded by the material itself such as in the drilling of a hole. Making an additional analogy, an example of the inner cut is to hollow out the apple. There are also two general types of machining techniques used in the industry that can be used for any cutting mode. In the first technique, the material to be machined (in the following the "work piece"), is rotated quickly and continuously in a lathe spindle. The cutting tool is brought into contact with the rotating work piece causing the removal of the material. This technique is known in the industry as turning and the modern lathe is called a turning center. In the second technique, the work piece is held rigidly in a fixed position and the cutting tools that spin rapidly are put in contact with it, thus causing the material to be removed. This technique is known as milling and the machine is a milling machine. However, modern machine tools often have both milling and turning capabilities in the same machine. These double capacity machines are called machining centers. There are three general forms of tools that are used today. The first form is the tools of perforation and related to the elaboration of orifices such as tools for reaming and boring bars. Some of the larger tools in this category use the inserts described below, although many of the tools for making holes are made from solid materials. Hole making tools are used only in the internal cut mode. The second form is a universal radial cutter which is essentially a short drill that cuts with its sides. Radial milling tools are used in milling centers or machining centers and can be cut in any of the internal cut or external cut modes. Larger diameter radial universal cutters can use inserts as described below. The last and most common form is the insert tool. The inserts are elaborated in a common way starting from, or coated with, very hard materials such as silicon carbide, ceramic or even diamond. The inserts are made in small flat pieces in the form of rhomboids, circles, triangles or other polygons. The inserts are often provided with a hole in the center thereof that allows them to be fitted inside tool holders and secured with fasteners and screws. As metal cutting proceeds, the insert will wear out and be replaced periodically with another identical insert. Most of the time, the inserts will have more than one edge or cutting tip that can be used. Therefore, the insert can be released or rotated, or both to use the other tip. A square or rhomboid insert can have up to eight tips that can be used until the insert is discarded. While the inserts are almost never sharpened for reuse, the inserts are recycled for their cobalt content. In contrast, the insert holder is generally reusable for life. Currently, all insert changes must be executed manually using tools. Since most inserts are held in place with two opposing screws of different sizes, it takes a relatively longer time to change an insert. There is no automated technique to replace or realign such inserts. The operator must have extensive experience to properly change or realign such an insert and, conversely, this level of experience leads to frequent incorrect installations. Such incorrect installations can lead to significant waste losses. In addition, both the screws that hold these inserts and the threaded holes that receive these screws wear out or damage. As a consequence, the operators of the machinery equipped with inserts simply do not like to change the inserts. Some efforts have been made to solve these problems. U.S. Patent No. 5,683,212 entitled "Clamping Assembly for Tapered Hollow Shan of Tooling System" which was published on November 4, 1997 for Cirino et al. discloses a clamping assembly for a cutter tool holder that includes a button 40 which clamps against a tapered stem so that the tool is urged inwardly by means of a spring (not shown) seated on the flat surface of reduced diameter 60. United States Patent No. 4, 420, 280 entitled "Tool Block" which was published on December 13, 1983 for Gustafson shows a tool block for a lever-released quick release mechanism which is provided with a cutting insert tool holder 12 and a clamping device comprised by a pivotally disposed lever 20, one end of which acts on the cutting insert tool holder 12 while the other end thereof cooperates with a spring loaded device 21. Patent of the United States of America No. 3,981,607 entitled "Boring Bar with Removable and Indexable Cutter Insert" which was published on September 21, 1976 for Jorgensen has a manual release mechanism button 100 for a cutting insert 12 that can be removed by releasing the applied pressure to the nail 28 through the clamping insert 14 by means of a manual button 100 which, when pressed, will make contact with the leading end 83 of the wedge shaft 74 thereby forcing the wedge shaft 74 to the right causing the ball 84 and fastener release pin 60 descend. U.S. Patent No. 4,210,038 entitled "Lathe Having a Guided Movable Cutter" which was published on July 1, 1980 for Hill provides a cutting tool holder which includes a vertical positioning knob 17 and a selector crank of thickness 17 to adjust the placement of the cutter toolholder. Nothing in the known prior art describes the combination set forth herein.

Brief Description of the Invention It is an object of this invention to provide an improved tool holder for quick changes of cutter inserts. It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved toolholder that does not require tools or screws to secure or remove a cutter insert. It is another object of this invention to provide an improved tool holder that is designed for manual operation although it is susceptible to being automated. It is an object of this invention to provide an improved tool holder for cutter inserts that reduces waste by not closing if there is an improper installation. It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved toolholder for cutter inserts that can be changed in a matter of seconds. Additional objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and novelty features characterizing this invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims appended to and forming part of this specification.

Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention can be described more fully by reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention with an installed cutter insert; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the present invention with the cutter insert removed; Figure 3 is a side view in partial cross section of the present invention showing a cam; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a clamping arm engaging the cutter insert; Figure 5 is a side view of the clamping arm; Figure 6 is a rear view of the clamping arm; Figure 7 is a bottom view of the clamping arm; Figure 8 is a top view of the cam; Figure 9 is a rear view of the cam; Figure 10 is a side view of the cam; Figure 11 is a front view of the cam; Figure 12 is a side view of a trimmed bench used in the present invention; Figure 13 is a top and side perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 13; Figure 15 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19 is a partial side view and in top perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention that engages a cutter insert; and Figure 20 is a partial top perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 19 decoupled from a cutter insert.

Description of the Preferred Modality Hacienda refers more particularly to the drawings by means of the reference characters, Figures 1-3 describe combinations of features that constitute the components of a tool holder of quick change without tools, autonomous 10 to hold the cutter inserts 16 in the machines tools The self-contained, tool-free, quick-change tool holder 10 comprises a housing 13 having at least one seat portion 18 which is adapted to receive and mold to the shape of the cutter insert 16. A holding arm 12 is mounted on Movable shape in the housing 13. Clamping arm 12 has a clamping portion 22 extending over the seat portion 18, the clamping portion 22 adapted to engage the cutter insert 16. A closing mechanism 15 is completely contained within the accommodation 13 so that no external tools are necessary to activate the closing mechanism. The closing mechanism 15 has a clamping position which forces the clamping portion 22 of the clamping arm 12 to engage the cutter insert 16 and a release position that forces the clamping portion 22 to uncouple from the cutter insert 16 so as to allowing the removal and replacement of said cutter insert, the closing mechanism 15 which is movable between the release position and the clamping position in the use of external tools such as Alien keys 15 and the like. As best seen in Figures 1-12, a stand-alone, tool-free, quick-change tool tooling embodiment 10 comprising the cutter insert housing 13 with the holding arm 12 therein. In this embodiment, the closing mechanism 15 comprises a clamping arm 12 and the cam 14 for accelerating the process of changing the cutting insert 16. In this example, the cutting insert 16 has a rhomboid cross section. To accommodate the cutter insert 16, the cutter insert housing 13 places the seat portion 18 in a cut-out bench 20 that receives and molds to the shape of the cutter insert 16. The seat portion 18 is shown as a separate part although it can , in fact, being integrally formed with the insert housing 13. Alternatively, the seat portion 18 can also be a replaceable part. As described previously, the cutter insert 16 could have a multiplicity of shapes. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the shapes and sizes illustrated, but is only illustrative in nature. In addition, as best seen in Figure 12, the trimmed bench 20 includes side walls 21 that are inclined inward towards the top of the insert 16. The clamping arm 12 is mounted in a clamping arm slot 27 in the insert housing 13. The clamping arm 12 includes an elongated hole 28 through which a pivot shaft 30 extends so as to allow rotation of the clamping arm 12 about said axis from a clamping position shown in FIGS. Figures 1 and 4 to a release position shown in Figure 2. The pivoting arm 12 has a clamping portion 22 extending from said elongated hole out of the groove of the clamping arm 27 towards a position on a seat portion 18 and the cutter insert 16. A pin member 24, in the embodiment illustrated having a semicircular profile, extends from the fastening portion 22 towards the cutter insert 16 and engages with a corresponding hole 26 in the cutter insert 16. The use of the pin member 24 is also preferred as often as the inserts are mounted cutters 16 in an inverted position and only fall to the floor once released. Using the present invention, the inverted cutter inserts 16 are held in place by the pin member 24 in order to allow the operator to easily hold for removal. Additionally, the inwardly inclining side walls 21 provide a slight downward force on the insert 16 when the insert 16 is pulled towards the bench 20 by the pin member 24. Alternatively, the pin member 24 and the corresponding hole 26 they may have slanted sides acting to pull the insert 16 more firmly towards the seat 18. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the exact profile and shape of the pin member 24 are not limited to the semicircular profile illustrated in the drawings, but rather that other forms such as the circular are within the scope of the present invention with complete certainty. When the pin member 24 is engaged with the cutter insert 16, the elongated hole 28 is inclined at an angle whereby the clamping arm 12 is pulled inwardly by means of a portion of the clamping force thereby seating the cutter insert 16 firmly in a clamped position. Extending at an angle from the elongated hole 28 within the groove of the clamping arm 27 opposite the clamping portion 22 is an arm 32 whose distal end 34 of the clamping arm 12 rests on the cam 14. The clamping arm 12 is biased towards the release position by means of a compression spring of the holding arm 36 which is mounted within a channel 38 formed in the housing of the insert 13 and aligned with a corresponding channel 40 in the arm 32. The compression spring of the clamping arm 36 is positioned to engage the arm 32 between the elongated hole 28 and the distal end 34. The cam 14 is generally of a linear cylindrical profile that is mounted within the housing of the insert 13 in a cam cavity 42. A button 44 is positioned outside the cam cavity 42 at one end of the cam 14. The other end of the cam 14 engages a cam spring 46 which is a compression spring placed in the cam. cam pocket 42 opposite the button 44. The cam pocket 42 and the groove of the clamping arm 27 are connected within the housing of the insert 13 whereby the distal end 34 of the clamping arm 12 rests on the cam 14. As shown in FIG. better seen in Figures 3 and 10, intermediate between button 44 and cam spring 46, cam 14 includes an inclined portion 50 which slopes inwardly from a surface cut 52 proximal to cam spring 46 toward a further cut deep 54 in the direction of the button 44. A trough 56 extends further into the cam 14 from a deeper cut 54 proximal to and towards the button 44. The cam spring 46 deflects the cam 14 towards the button 44 so that the Distal end 34 rests on inclined portion 50. Inclined portion 50 rotates clamping arm 12 to the holding position and holds it in that position. This metal-to-metal impulse results in a firm hold position by eliminating any spring in the design thereof. To change from the clamping position to the release position, the button 44 is urged firmly towards the insert housing 13 which drives the cam 14 inwardly against a cam spring 46. The distal end 34 of the clamping arm 12 is moved from the inclined portion 50 to descend into the trough 56 through a steep descent 55. When the remote end 34 reaches the trough 56, the cam 14 is in a fully decoupled position which allows the tether arm 12 to descend to the release position, said rotation being assisted by the compression spring of the clamping arm 36. As previously mentioned, the compression spring of the clamping arm 36 holds the clamping arm 12 in the releasing position allowing in this way the user can simply remove the front cutter insert 16 and replace it with a new cutter insert 16 (or simply rotate the ins anterior to carry a new cutting surface for support). It will be noted that such use of tundish 56 holds the fastening portion far enough in order to allow easy removal thereof and also diverts the device now to the removal position for "hands-free" operation. further, if the pin member 24 does not engage the hole 26 completely, either from poor positioning or dirt or debris in the hole 26, the distal end 34 can not be lifted to free the trough 56 so the tool holder of the quick-change tool 10 remains in the release position thus warning the operator of an unsafe or inadequate condition. Also, the inclination of the fall 55 controls the force necessary to return to the clamping position. To return to the clamping position, the user simply presses down on the clamping portion 22. The resistance of the compression spring of the clamping arm 36 is overcome and the distal end 34 of the clamping arm 12 reattaches the inclined portion 50 of the cam 14 for driving, with assistance from the cam spring 46. The cam 14 is returned to a fully clamped position for the use of the cutter insert 16. The force required to return to the clamping position is controlled by the angle of descent 55. In some uses, for example, high powers are desirable, small angles whereby the operator must operate the button 44 before, and while pressing down on the holding portion 22 for reattachment in order to reduce the obstruction caused by small angles. Returning now to Figures 13-20, a number of alternative closure modes or mechanism 15 is shown. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated. These alternate embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes and those skilled in the art will recognize that other locking mechanisms 15 are suitable for use in a self-contained rapid-change toolholder 10. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, a holding arm 130 is rotatably mounted to its mid-point towards an end of an axis 132. The pivoting arm 130 has a holding portion 138 extending from the mid-point to a position on the seat portion 18 and the cutter insert 16. A pin member 131 extends from the holding portion 138 towards the cutter insert 16 and engages with a corresponding hole 26 in the cutter insert 16. The use of the pin member 131 is preferred as often as the inserts are mounted cutters 16 in an inverted position and are simply left towards the ground once they are released. Using the present invention, the inverted cutter inserts 16 are held in place by the pin member 131 so that the operator easily grasps for removal. The clamping arm 130 includes a clamp portion 133 extending opposite said clamping portion 138 from the midpoint. The clamp portion 133 includes a downwardly extending edge 135 that rests on the housing 13 and provides leverage thereon when the shaft 132 is moved. The other end of the shaft 132 is pivotally mounted to an eccentric 134 which, in turn, is operably connected to one end of a lever 136. The lever 136 has a clamping position and a release position. In Figure 13, the actions of the lever 136, the eccentric 134, the shaft 132 and the clamping arm 130 hold the cutter insert 16 firmly in the seat portion 18 for cutting. However, when the lever 136 is raised upwards, the rotation of the cam 134 raises the shaft 132 and therefore the clamping arm 130 up and forward to the release position so that the cutter insert 16 can be rotated or replaced as necessary. The variants using a clamping arm similar to the clamping arm 130 are shown in Figures 15 and 16. In Figure 15, an end of an axis 154 engages the midpoint of the clamping arm 130 as previously mentioned in connection with as described above with respect to the description referring to Figures 13 and 14. A push bar 150 having an edge lock 152 engages the other end of the shaft 154. The other end of the shaft 154 includes a triangular shaped edge 156 engaging the edge closure 152. The push bar 150 extends from the housing 13, the portion of the push bar 150 extending from the housing 13 thereby forming a button 158. Figure 15 illustrates the release position whereby the cutter insert 16 can be easily removed or repositioned. To move to the holding position, a user pushes down on the holding arm 130. In turn, the shaft 154 and the edge 156 move downward. The push bar 150 is biased to move outward and therefore moves in that direction until the edge 156 encounters a flat area 151 of the push bar 150 where it rests in the clamped position. A user pushes button 158 to return to the release position. In Figure 16, one end of an axis 160 engages the midpoint of the clamp arm 130 as previously described in connection with the description referring to Figures 13 and 14. A push rod 162 engages the other end of the shaft 160. In addition, one end of a second shaft 163 engages the other end of the shaft 160 where it engages the push rod 162. The other end of the second shaft 163 is rotatably mounted to the housing 13 at an angle from the axis 160. The push rod 162 extends from the housing 13, the portion of the push bar 162 that extends from the housing 13 thereby forming a button 164. Figure 15 illustrates the release position by means of which the insert Cutter 16 can be easily removed or repositioned. To move to the holding position, a user is pushed down on the holding arm 130. In turn, the shaft 160 moves downward. Under the action of the second shaft 163, the push rod 162 moves outward and therefore moves in that direction until it rests in the clamped position. A user pushes button 164 to return to the release position. As shown in Figure 17, a clamping arm 170 is rotatably mounted to a pivot 171 close to mid-point. The pivot arm 170 has a fastening portion 172 extending from said mid-point to a position on the seat portion 18 and the cutter insert 16. A pin member 173 extends from the fastening portion 172 toward the cutter insert. 16 and engages a corresponding hole 26 in the cutter insert 16. The use of the pin member 173 is preferred as often as the cutter inserts 16 are mounted in an inverted position and simply fall to the ground once released. Using the present invention, the cutter inserts 16 are held in place by the pin member 173 in order to allow the operator easy grasping for removal. The clamping arm 170 includes a rear portion 174 that extends opposite the clamping portion 172 from the pivot 171. The back portion 174 is mounted to one end of a first axis 175 which extends into the housing 13. The other end of the first shaft 175 engages a push rod 176. In addition, one end of a second shaft 177 engages the other end of the first shaft 175 where it engages the push rod 176. The other end of the second shaft 177 is rotatably mounted to the housing 13 opposite the clamping arm 170. The push rod 176 extends from the housing 13, towards the portion of the push bar 176 extending from the housing 13 thereby forming a button 178. Figure 17 illustrates the position of release by means of which the cutter insert 16 can be easily removed or repositioned. To move it to the position, a user pushes down on a holding portion 172 thereby causing the holding arm 170 to rotate about the pivot 171. In turn, the first axis 175 moves upward under the restriction of the second shaft 177. Under the action of axes 175 and 177, the push rod 176 moves outward until it rests in the clamped position. A user pushes button 178 to return to the release position. Figure 18 illustrates another version very similar to Figure 17 of the second axis 177. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, an L-shaped clamping arm 190 is slidably mounted to the housing 13. In this embodiment, the housing 13 includes a cover of the clamping arm 191 which extends over the clamping arm 190. A leg of the arm L-shaped fastener 190 is a fastening portion 192 that extends a position over the seat portion 18 the cutter insert 16. A pin member 193 extends from the fastening portion 192 toward the cutter insert 16 and engages a corresponding hole 26 in the cutter insert 16. The one of the pin member 193 is also preferred as often as the cutter inserts 16 are mounted in an inverted position and simply fall to the ground once released. Using the present invention, the inverted cutter inserts 16 are held in place by the pin member 193 in order to allow the operator to easily hold for removal. The other leg of the L-shaped clamping arm 190 forms a rear portion 194 which extends downwardly opposite the clamping portion 192. The back portion 194 engages a push rod 196. The push rod 196 extends from the housing 13, the push rod portion 196 extending from the housing 13 thereby forming a button 198. Figure 20 illustrates the release position whereby the cutter insert 16 can be easily removed or repositioned. To move it to the clamping position, a user pushes on the clamping portion 192 thereby causing the clamping arm 190 and the push rod 196 to slide toward the positions illustrated in Figure 19. A user pulls the button 198. to return to the release position. The above modalities refer to the initiation and manual movement, usually through the pressing of a button, for start and then movement between a grip position and a release position. Those with experience in the art will recognize that this process is subject to automation, so that the start of the change can be carried out electrically, by synchronizer, by means of a computer program generated by machine as well as manually. In addition, the actual movement between the two positions can be done by means of solenoid springs, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, magnetically through the use of flexible plastics, electromechanical, electromagnetic as well as manually. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Although only certain embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (19)

AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on February 6, 2007 (06.02.2007)]

1. A tool holder of quick change without tools, independent for cutter inserts in machine tools, the tool holder of quick change comprising: a housing having a seat portion that is adapted to receive and mold to the shape of an insert cutter, a pivoting arm mounted in a pivoting arm slot in the insert housing, the pivoting arm rotating about a pivot in the insert housing, the pivoting arm having a fastening portion extending from the pivot to a position on the seat portion, the fastening portion adapted to engage a cutter insert, the pivot arm having an arm extending from the pivot opposite the fastening portion, and a cam, the arm that has a coupling distal end engaging the cam, the cam having a clamping position that forces the clamping portion of the bra pivoting for coupling a cutter insert, the cam having a release position which forces the clamping portion for decoupling from a cutter insert in order to allow removal and replacement thereof, the cam being manually movable between the position Release and clamping position without the use of tools.

2. Tool-free quick tool tool holder, independent according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the cutter insert is mounted on one end of a mounting arm.

3. Tool holder tool-free quick change, independent according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot is an elongated hole through which a pivot axis extends in order to allow rotation of the pivoting arm of the clamping position to the release position, the elongated hole being inclined at an angle whereby the pivoting arm is slightly pulled to seat a cutter insert when in a clamped position. The tool-free quick change tool holder, independent according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding portion includes a pin member extending therefrom which is adapted to engage with a corresponding hole in a cutter insert. . 5. Tool-free quick tool tool holder, independent according to claim 4, characterized in that the pin member has a semicircular profile. 6. Tool-free quick tool tool holder, independent according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivoting arm is biased towards the release position by means of a compression spring of the pivoting arm which is mounted inside a channel formed in the housing of the insert and aligned with a corresponding channel in the arm, the corresponding channel that is placed between the pivot and the distal end of the arm. 7. A tool holder of quick change without tools, independent for cutter inserts in machine tools, the tool holder of quick change: a housing having a seat portion that is adapted to receive and mold to the shape of a cutter insert , a pivoting arm mounted in a pivoting arm slot in the insert housing, the pivoting arm rotating about a pivot in the insert housing, the pivoting arm having a holding portion extending from the pivoting to a position on the seat portion, the fastening portion adapted to engage a cutter insert, the pivot arm having an arm extending from the pivot opposite the fastening portion, and a cam, the arm having a distal end engaging the cam, the cam having a clamping position which forces the clamping portion of the pivoting arm to engage a cutter insert, the cam having a release position which forces the fastening portion for decoupling from a cutter insert to permit removal and replacement thereof, the movable cam between the release position and the fastening position, the cam including a button at one end and a spring of cam opposite said button, a cam spring that deflects the cam to the clamped position. 8. Tool-free tool-changing tool holder, independent according to claim 7, characterized in that the cam includes, intermediate between the button and a cam spring, an inclined portion that slopes inwardly from a superficial cut close to the cam spring to a deeper cut in the direction of the button, the cam further including a trough connected to the inclined portion by a descent having a predetermined angle, the trough extending further inside the cam from the deepest cut next to and in the direction of the button, a cam spring that biases the cam towards the button so that the distal end rests on the inclined portion that rotates the pivot arm to the clamped position, the predetermined angle that controls the force required to move from the release position to the holding position. 9. Tool-free quick tool tool holder, independent according to claim 8, characterized in that it pushes the button toward the insert housing which drives the cam inwardly against a cam spring so that the far end of the arm of pivoting moves from the inclined portion towards the tundish which allows the pivot arm to rotate towards the release position and so when pressing down on the tether portion it overcomes the deflection of the pivot arm towards the release position in order to allow the distal end to engage the inclined portion in the clamped position. A tool-less quick change tool holder for cutter inserts in machine tools, the quick change tool holder comprising: a housing having a seat portion which is adapted to receive and mold to the shape of an insert cutter, the housing that is mounted on one end of a mounting arm, a pivoting arm mounted in a pivot arm slot in the insert housing, the pivoting arm that rotates about a pivot in the insert housing, the pivot which is an elongated hole through which a pivot axis extends to allow the rotation of the pivoting arm between a clamping position to a release position, the elongated hole which is inclined at an angle so that the pivoting arm is pulled slightly to seat a cutter insert when in the clamped position, the pivoting arm having a p clamping portion extending from the pivot to a position on the seating portion, the clamping portion including a pin member with a semicircular profile extending therefrom which is adapted to engage with a corresponding hole in an insert cutter, the pivoting arm having an arm extending from the pivot opposite the clamping portion, the pivoting arm which is biased to the release position by means of a compression spring of the pivoting arm which is mounted inside of a channel formed in the housing of the insert and aligned with a corresponding channel in the arm, the corresponding channel channel which is positioned between the pivot and the distal end of the arm, and a cam, the cam including a button at one end and a cam spring opposite said button, the cam having intermediate positioned between the button and a cam spring, an inclined portion that slopes inwardly from a superficial cut close to a cam spring to a deeper cut in the direction of the button, the cam that also includes a trough extending further into the cam from the deepest cut next to and towards the button, the trough connected to the deepest cut by means of a descent having a predetermined angle, a cam spring deflecting the cam towards the button so that the distal end rests on the inclined portion which rotates the pivot arm to the clamping position, the arm having a distal end engaging the cam, wherein the movement of the button towards the insert housing pushes the cam inwards against a cam spring so that the distal end of the pivot arm moves from the inclined portion towards the trough which allows the The pivot arm rotates to the release position and so when pressing down on the fastening portion it overcomes the deflection of the pivot arm towards the release position in order to allow the distal end to again engage the inclined portion in the clamping position, the predetermined angle that controls the force necessary to move from the release position to the clamping position. 11. A tool holder of tool-free rapid change, independent for cutter inserts on machine tools, the tool holder of rapid change independent tool comprising: a housing having at least a portion of seat which is adapted to receive and mold to the shape of a cutter insert, a clamping arm mounted in the insert housing, the clamping arm movable in the insert housing, the clamping arm having a clamping portion extending over the seat portion, the clamping portion adapted to engage a cutter insert, and a fully enclosed closing mechanism within the housing, the closing mechanism having a clamping position which forces the clamping portion of the clamping arm to engage a cutter insert, the mechanism that has a release position which forces the holding portion to be uncoupled from a cutter insert in order to allow the removal and replacement of said cutter insert, the movable closing mechanism between the release position and the fastening position. The tool holder of tool-free quick change tool, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises an axis, an end of said shaft that is rotatably mounted near a middle point of the clamping arm , the other end of the shaft that is pivotally mounted to an eccentric that is operably connected to one end of a lever, the lever, the eccentric, the shaft and the holding arm having the holding position holding the cutting insert in the seat, the lever that rises upwards to rotate the eccentric which raises the shaft and the clamping arm to the release position so that the cutter insert is separable from the seat. The tool-free quick change tool holder, independent according to claim 12, characterized in that the clamping arm has a clamp portion which extends opposite the clamping portion from the mid point, the clamp portion which includes an edge that engages the housing in order to provide leverage action thereon. The tool holder of tool-free rapid change tool, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises an axis, an end of said shaft that is rotatably mounted near a middle point of the clamping arm, the other end of the shaft having an edge which is adapted to attach an edge closure mounted to a push rod, the push rod, the edge lock, the edge, the shaft and the holding arm that has the clamping position which holds the cutter insert in the seat, the push bar moves laterally to operate the edge lock and edge in order to move the shaft and the clamping arm to the release position so that the Cutter insert is separable from the seat, lateral movement which is reversible to move the clamping arm towards the clamping position. The tool-free quick change tool holder, independent in accordance with claim 14, characterized in that the clamping arm has a clamp portion extending opposite the clamping portion from the midpoint, the clamp portion which includes an edge that engages the housing to provide lever action therefrom. 16. The tool holder tool-free quick change, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises an axis, an end of said shaft that is mounted rotatably near a midpoint of the clamping arm , the other end of the shaft that engages a push rod, one end of a second axis that also engages the other end of the shaft, the other end of the second shaft that is rotatably mounted to the housing at an acute angle from the axis, the clamping arm, the first axis, the second axis and the push bar that defines the clamping position that holds the cutter insert in the seat, the push bar that moves laterally to operate the shaft rotation and the second axis to move the shaft and the clamping arm to the release position so that the cutter insert is separable from the seat, the lateral movement which is reversible to move the arm e fastening to the clamping position. 17. Tool-free tool-changing tool holder, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises the rotatable mounting of the clamping arm towards a pivot close to the midpoint of the clamping arm, the closing mechanism further comprising a first axis, an end of said first shaft that is rotatably mounted to one end of the clamping arm, the other end of the first axis that engages a push rod, an end of a second axis that also engages the another end of the first axis, the other end of the second axis that is rotatably mounted to the housing in a position extending opposite the first axis, the clamping arm, the first axis, the second axis and the push bar that define the holding position that holds the cutter insert in the seat, the push bar that moves laterally to operate the rotation of the first axis and the second to move the shaft and the clamping arm to the release position so that the cutter insert is detachable from the seat, the lateral movement being reversible to move the clamping arm to the clamping position. 18. The tool holder tool-free rapid change, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises rotatably mounting the clamping arm to a pivot near the midpoint of the clamping arm, the mechanism of a closure further comprising a shaft, an end of the first shaft that is rotatably mounted to one end of the clamping arm, the other end of the shaft that engages a push rod, the clamping arm, the shaft, and the rod thrust defining the holding position which holds the cutter insert in the seat, the push bar moves laterally to operate the turn and move the shaft and clamping arm to the release position so the cutter insert is separable from the seat, the lateral movement that is reversible to move the clamping arm to the clamping position. 19. Tool-free quick change tool holder, independent according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing mechanism comprises slidably mounting the clamping arm to the housing, the clamping arm which is L-shaped with a leg of said L-shape forming the holding portion, the other leg of the L-shape engaging a push-bar, the holding arm and the push-bar defining the holding position holding the cut-off insert in the seat, the push bar that moves laterally to slide the clamping arm to the release position whereby the cutter insert is separable from the seat, the lateral movement being reversible to move the clamping arm to the clamping position .