MX2007015112A - Apparatus and method for increasing efficiency of electric motors - Google Patents

Abstract

A single or multiphase alternating current electric motor or synchronous generator includes main windings and additional windings that perform de-saturation of the magnetic field of the main windings. Each additional winding is fed through at least one capacitor in a different phase angle and opposite field directions from the respective main windings. The total cross sections of the wire used on each main and additional winding are of predetermined sizes and preferably follow the approximate ratio of approximately two-thirds (2/3) for the main winding and approximately one-third (1/3) for the additional winding, and the respective capacitor values are predetermined. The number of turns of each additional winding is from fifty to one hundred percent (50%-100%) of the number of turns of its respective main winding. The two windings are built simultaneously in a single operation.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC MOTORS Field of the Invention This invention relates to electric motors and synchronous generators. More particularly, it refers to a motor or generator that operates at very high efficiency over a wide range of loads.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Alternating current single-phase electric motors are typically used for low horsepower applications. Its range can range from a fraction of a horsepower to approximately ten horsepower. Typically, three-phase engines are used when the horsepower requirements exceed ten horsepower. U.S. Patent No. 4,446,416A to Wanlass, issued May 1, 1984, entitled "Polyphase Electric Machine Having Controlled Magnetic Flow Density" describes an extractor core having main windings and additional control windings. The flux density is optimized in a polyphase machine by controlling the flux density in the stator core. More particularly, a main winding is wound of polyphase extractor in a magnetic core and includes a plurality of windings where each winding represents a single phase. Capacitors are connected in series to each of the windings. Capacitors reduce reactive power. Also in the German Patent Application No. 2508374 of Wen, published on 09-09-1976 and entitled "Individual Phase Induction Motor" is described an additional technique of motor windings. Wen describes an individual phase motor that has two start windings to increase the starting capacitor voltage. Wen also describes an individual phase induction motor that has two start winding assemblies to provide a better operating power factor and an improved start torque. The Wanlass and Wen engines, like all engines known to date, operate more efficiently at full load and are less efficient in low load conditions. In this way, a conventional motor must have a power factor greater than 0.90 during full load conditions and a power factor of 0.50 or less at low load. An energy supply company experiences the exact proportion of the inverse percentage of the power factor to supply power to an electric motor. A Motor running at 0.70 power factor uses thirty percent (30%) more amperage than one that runs at a unit power factor (0.999 to 1.00). A generator that supplies power will be overloaded by the supplement of the ampere demand and will simultaneously transfer that to the impeller (diesel or turbine), which will need to produce much more energy for the new demand. The new demand in kilowatts is identical to the original demand. The only change is in the power factor. Therefore, the use of engines that can not perform at a high power factor in all loads is contradicted. Therefore, an engine that operates at a high power factor on all loads is needed. However, conventional prudence has been for many decades that engines will always operate at reduced deficiency when the loads applied to them are reduced because this lower efficiency at low loads is an inherent characteristic of the engines. It has been considered impossible to achieve power factors in the range of 0.90 and higher at low load conditions. Any producer of electricity is harmed in its production when it supplies customers using normal motors of a poor power factor (P / F). The penalty is even greater if these engines are used frequently in a cycle of little work (since no load at a load of seventy-five percent (75%)) or if these engines are powered by V.F.D. (Variable Frequency Drive). When a motor reduces in speed by reducing the frequency, it falls automatically in power factor. For example: an engine (A) that pulls thirty (30) amperes to four hundred sixty (460) volts at a power factor of 0.88 will consume 21.03 KW. (30 amps x 460 volts x 1,732 x 0.88 P / F). Another motor (B) of the same H.P. which runs at an average P / F of 0.68, will also consume 21.03 KW. The amperage is increased to 38.83 amps (38.83 amps x 460 volts x 1.732 x 0.68 P / F). The KW consumed by the motor (A) are identical to the KW consumed by the motor (B). This means that to supply the motor (B), a power supply company will have to produce 29.4% more amps from its generator than to supply the motor (A). The generator that produces the electricity is typically driven by a diesel engine or steam turbine. The current is the factor that loads and discharges the generators, so that the direct consequence of the previous comparison of the motors is that it will cost 29.4% more energy (diesel fuels, coal and similar) to produce the same 21.03 KW for the motor (B) that stops the motor (A).

It can be concluded that the owner of the engine (B) must pay more for its 21.03 KW than the owner of the engine (TO) . Alternatively, the owner of the motor (B) must require that he convert this low power factor motor to a high power factor motor. What is needed, then, is an improvement in motors that increases a power factor of an engine so that less energy is required to perform a given task in relation to the energy required by conventional low power factor motors. For example, if the power factor can be increased to 0.98, the current will drop to 26.93 amps. Multiplying that amperage by 460 volts and 1,732 and 0.98 P / F produces 21.03 KW. It notes that the extracted current is 38.83 amps with a P / F of 0.68, 30.0 amps with a P / F of 0.88 and 26.93 amps with a P / F of 0.98. However, in view of the prior art considered as a totality at the time the present invention was made, it has not been obvious to those skilled in the art of engines to substantially increase the power factor of the motors.

Brief Description of the Invention The present invention includes a pioneering method to improve the efficiency of an electric motor of alternating current through its full range of operation, that is, from no load to full load. The highly new steps include the steps of selecting a first wire size for a first wire and a second wire size for a second wire so that the first wire size is greater than the second wire size. The first conductor is wound to form a main winding and the second conductor is wound to form an additional winding. The number of turns of the additional winding is at least equal to half the number of turns of the main winding and may be equal but does not exceed the number of turns of the main winding. A capacitor is connected electrically in series with the additional winding. The additional winding and the capacitor are then electrically connected in parallel relation to the first winding. The additional winding is connected in inverse relation to the main winding so that the current in the first winding flows in a first direction and the current in the additional winding flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The main winding and the additional winding and the capacitor are provided for each phase of a single-phase or multi-phase electric motor. In a three-phase motor, three of the windings Main and three of the additional windings and capacitors are connected in a delta or star (also known as a "Y" or "Wye" configuration). To determine the value of the capacitance, in microfarads, for the capacitor in series with the additional winding, the current extracted by the electric motor of alternating current at full load is determined, as is the line voltage supplied to it. The value in microfarads is obtained by multiplying the current drawn by the electric motor of alternating current to full load by an empirical factor (a constant) to obtain a result and divide the result by the square of the line voltage. The empirical factor falls in a range from about 0.25 x 106 to about 0.30 x 106. The first and second wire sizes are selected so that the cross-sectional area of the first wire size is larger than the cross-sectional area the second wire size by a ratio of approximately two thirds (2/3) to one third (1/3). The step of winding the first conductor to form the main winding preferably takes place simultaneously with the step of winding the second conductor to form the additional winding. This winding of the additional winding is carried out during at least part of the time during which the step of rolling the first driver is performed. The electric AC machine of this invention operates at very high efficiency over all load conditions. As used in this, the term "alternating current electric machine" includes an alternating current electric motor of the single phase or multiple phase type having at least three phases. This term also includes a synchronous generator with at least two poles. For convenience, the following description refers to electric motors but it should be understood that the broader term "electric machine" as defined herein may be substituted for each reference to an engine. The new electric motor of this invention includes main windings such as a conventional motor. However, it differs in that an additional winding is also provided which performs a de-saturation function. Each additional winding is electrically connected in series with a capacitor. Each additional winding and capacitor are electrically connected in parallel to the main winding. Significantly, the additional winding is inversely connected with respect to its associated main winding so that the direction of current flow through the main winding is opposite to the direction of current flow through the additional winding. Besides, the The current flowing through the main winding is out of phase with the opposite current flowing through the additional winding. The appropriately sized capacitor allows the precise phase change required for the inventive method to be performed. The total cross-sectional area of the wire used in each main and additional winding is assigned to the respective windings according to a distinctive relationship. Specifically, where the total cross-sectional area is defined as a unit, then the main winding has a cross-sectional area of approximately two thirds (2/3) of the unit and the additional winding has a cross-sectional area of approximately one third (1/3) of the unit. The invention also includes a new winding method for the electric AC motor. Specifically, the two electric motor windings are preferably constructed at the same time in one operation, as an individual step. The present invention also includes a method for calculating the value, in microfarads, of the capacitor in series with the additional winding. The value of the capacitor in microfarads is directly proportional to the real current of full charge and is inversely proportional to the square of the voltage of the line. The numerator multiply by a constant or multiply by the factor having a range of between 0.25 x 106 and 0.3 x 106. An individual phase electric motor, according to the present invention, includes a first and a second main windings electrically connected to a point common principal and a first and second main potential lines of a line voltage. It also includes a first and second additional windings electrically connected to a winding capacitor and the first and second potential lines in parallel with the first and second main windings. The first and second additional windings generate magnetic fields in opposite directions to their first and second associated main windings, respectively. A start winding is electrically connected between a preselected line of the first and second potential lines and a start capacitor. A switch is electrically connected between the start capacitor and a preselected line of the first and second potential lines. Each first and second main winding has a main cross-sectional area of wire that is approximately twice the cross-sectional area of its first and second associated additional windings. This ratio of two thirds or one third (2/3 - 1/3) applies to single phase windings as well as multiple phases. The invention also has other aspects that not only improves the power factor of an engine but also reduces the kilowatt consumption.

Brief Description of the Figures For a more complete understanding of the nature and object of the invention, reference is made to the appended figures, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an individual phase electric motor of the prior art; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an individual phase electric motor, improved from the prior art; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a three phase delta configuration engine of the prior art; Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a three phase star configuration electric motor of the prior art; Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a delta configuration electric motor of the prior art; Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an electric motor of star configuration of the prior art; Figure 7 is a representation of a winding interval connection for an electric motor of the prior art having four poles; Figures 8A to 8D are a schematic representation of an individual phase electric motor incorporating the teachings of this invention; Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a delta configuration three phase electric motor embodying the teachings of this invention; Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a three phase star configuration electric motor incorporating the teachings of this invention; Figure 11 is a representation of a winding interval connection of a three-phase three-pole electric motor in adjacent delta poles embodying the teachings of this invention; Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a delta configuration engine embodying the teachings of this invention; Figure 13 is a schematic representation of a delta configuration engine embodying the teachings of this invention; Figure 14 is a schematic representation of an electric star configuration (or Y) motor incorporating the teachings of this invention; and Figure 15 is a schematic representation of a delta configuration engine embodying the teachings of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to Figure 1, it will be seen that a single phase motor of the prior art is schematically represented and denoted by the reference number 10 as a whole. The individual phase motor 10 includes a running winding 12, a start winding 14, and a running capacitor 16. The capacitor 16 disengages the start winding immediately after the start sequence, when the operating speed is achieved. The power factor of the motor 10 does not improve. The current flowing through the winding 14 flows in relation to the winding 12 to determine the direction of rotation required by the motor application. Individual phase electric motors commonly include a series start capacitor with a centrifugal switch or an "off" relay that forms a part of the start winding circuit. An accurate calculation of the operating capacitor sizes in microfarads optimizes the efficiency of the electric motor, thereby improving the starting torque, starting and running current, and temperatures. For example, Figure 2 schematically depicts this improved, individual phase electric motor, denoted 10a as a whole. The motor 10a includes the operating winding 12, the start winding 14, the start capacitor 16, centrifugal switch or disconnect relay 18, and the operation capacitor 20. Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a three phase motor of the prior art having the main windings 21, 23 and 25 arranged in a delta configuration. The respective incoming line voltages of the three phases are denoted R, S and T. Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a three-phase motor of the prior art having the main windings 21, 23 and 25 arranged in a configuration of star. The respective incoming line voltages of the three phases are denoted R, S and T. The center point of the star connection is denoted 0. In three-phase electric motors of the prior art, the number of poles is determined by the speed requirements of a particular application. The star or delta configuration connects internally to distribute the pair of forces, horsepower and voltage required by a particular application. Figure 5 depicts an electric motor 30 of delta configuration, of three phases, improved from the prior art. The three main windings are denoted 21, 23 and 25, and the three additional windings are denoted 27, 29 and 31. The capacitors of the additional windings are denoted 33, 35 and 37, and the three-phase line voltage connections are denoted. denote R, S and T. The additional winding 27 is in series with the capacitor 33 and this additional winding 27 and the capacitor 33 are connected in an electrically parallel relationship to the winding 21. The additional winding 27 is connected to the same direction as the main winding 21. Accordingly, the current flows through the main winding 21 and the additional winding 27 in the same direction. The capacitor 33 changes the phase of the current flowing through the additional winding so that the current is out of phase with the current flowing through the main winding 21. This reduces the reactive power of the motor and improves the power factor of the engine to only full load tazada. The windings 27, 29 and 31 have the same number of turns as the windings 21, 23 and 25. The additional winding 29 is in series with the capacitor 35 and the additional winding 29 and the capacitor 35 is they connect in an electrically parallel relationship to the main winding 23. The additional winding 29 is connected in the same direction as the main winding 23. Accordingly, the current flows through the main winding 23 and the additional winding 29 in the same direction. The capacitor 35 changes the phase of the current flowing through the additional winding so that the current is out of phase of the current flowing through the main winding 23. This reduces the reactive power of the motor and improves the power factor of the engine to only full load drawn. The additional winding 31 is in series with the capacitor 37 and the additional winding 31 and the capacitor 37 are connected in electrically parallel relationship to the main winding 25. The additional winding 31 is connected to the same direction as the main winding 25. Therefore , the current flows through the main winding 25 and the additional winding 31 in the same direction. The capacitor 37 changes the phase of the current flowing through the additional winding so that the current is out of phase of the current flowing through the main winding 25. This reduces the reactive power of the motor and improves the power factor of the engine to only full load drawn. Figure 6 represents an electric motor of three phase star configuration of the prior art. The three main windings are denoted 21, 23, 25 and the three additional windings are denoted 27, 29 and 31. The capacitors of the additional windings are denoted 33, 35 and 37 and the three-phase line voltage connections are marked R , S and T. The center point of the star for the main winding is denoted OP and the center point of the star for the additional winding is denoted OS. As in the delta configuration of Figure 5, each additional winding is in electrical series with a capacitor associated therewith and each additional winding connected in series and capacitor is electrically related in parallel to its associated main winding. The additional windings are connected in the same direction as their associated main windings. Each additional winding has the same number of turns as its associated main winding. Figure 7 is a winding diagram of an electric motor of the prior art. It represents the winding interval connections and shows four poles, each of which is denoted between each phase A, B and C (four (4) poles for phase A, four (4) poles for phase B, and four (4) poles for phase C in the main winding Y as well as in the additional winding V). The connection point for line R is denoted 40 for the winding Y and 42 for the additional winding V. In the line S, 44 is denoted for the main winding Y and 46 for the additional winding V. In the line T denotes 48 for the main winding Y and 50 for the additional winding V. The capacitors of the additional winding are denoted 52, 54 and 56. It is noted that this winding is a physically unbalanced pattern. The connection 44 is unequal relative to the delta connections 48 and 40. In addition, the delta connection 46 is unequal relative to the delta connections 42 and 50. This physical imbalance affects the phase angle slip between the two windings in relation to the direction of rotation (in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction) of the rotor. This type of internal connection of the winding affects the energy savings in one direction of rotation. Applying the technology of Figures 5, 6 and 7 to a conventional three-phase electric motor, an increase in total copper density is achieved by approximately fifteen percent (15%) and separation of the conventional winding in two separate windings that follows the ratio of a medium (1/2). To convert a normal motor to the technology of Figures 5, 6 and 7, the following is required: - Increase the total copper density by approximately fifteen percent (15%). Separate the conventional winding in two (2) separate windings following the ratio of. Convert the original winding arrangement into adjacent poles rolled by phase. (The consequent design of pole types can not be used). Convert original type connections into a delta configuration with respect to the same number of complete circuits. This technology represents a star configuration option, but field tests have not shown efficiency or improvements in consumption). Calculate the additional value of winding capacitance as follows: C = P x (460) 2 X 1.5 E2 where C is the capacitor value in microfarads per phase; P is horsepower, traced, theoretical, electric motor; 1.5 is a multiplication factor derived from research experiments; and 460 is a constant base voltage. This formula does not calculate exactly the optimal value of the capacitor because it does not take into consideration the real field that works under the motor load parameters. These types of electric motors run at a better power factor and therefore save some energy. However, they are of low quality and have a relatively short working life time. Figures 8A8B, 8C and 8D represent a single phase electric motor incorporating the teachings of the present invention. In Figure 8A, the main winding is represented in two half-sections, respectively denoted 62a and 62b, and separated by the mid-point 0. The center point of the main winding is used for dual voltage purposes, thus allowing an option of connection in series or parallel and is needed by changing voltage or changing output horsepower as in any normal motor. Similarly, the additional winding also includes two half-denoted sections 64a and 64b, in series with the capacitor 66. A star winding is denoted 68, a star capacitor is denoted 70, and a centrifugal switch or disconnect relay is denoted 72. Significantly, the additional windings 64a, 64b are inversely connected in parallel relation to their respective main windings 62a, 62b. In Figure 8B, the main winding is represents in two half sections, denoted respectively 62a and 62b, which are connected in an electrically parallel relationship with each other. In all other aspects, the circuit of Figure 8B is the same as the circuit of Figure 8A. In Figure 8C, the additional windings 64a, 64b are connected in electrically parallel relation to each other, in series with the capacitor 66. In all other aspects, the circuit of Figure 8C is the same as the circuit of Figure 8B. In Figure 8D, additional windings 64a, 64b are connected in electrically parallel relation to each other, in series with the capacitor 66. In all other aspects, the circuit of Figure 8D is the same as the circuit of Figure 8A. Figure 9 schematically depicts a three-phase delta winding electric motor incorporating the teachings of this invention. The main windings are denoted 22, 24 and 26 and are connected delta type. The additional windings are denoted 28, 30 and 32, and the capacitors of the additional windings are denoted 34, 36 and 38. The additional windings and the respective capacitors of the additional windings are also electrically connected in a delta configuration. The delta connection points of the three main windings are denoted R, S, and T. The incoming line voltage connection points are denoted Ra, Sa and Ta. Each additional winding is fed from a different phase than its respective main winding, thus putting it in an opposite field situation. Each additional winding also has a predetermined capacitor value that creates the precise phase shift according to the inventive method. The additional winding 28 is in series with the capacitor 34 and this winding and capacitor 34 are connected in electrically parallel relation to the main winding 24. The additional winding 28 is connected in reverse with respect to the main winding 24. Therefore, the current that flow through the main winding 24 is in a first direction and the current flowing through the additional winding 28 is flowing in a second direction opposite the first direction. The additional winding 30 is in series with the capacitor 36 and the additional winding 30 and the capacitor 36 are connected in electrically parallel relation to the main winding 26. The additional winding 30 is connected inversely with respect to the main winding 26. Therefore, the current flowing through the main winding 26 is in a first direction and the current flowing through the additional winding 30 is flowing in a second direction opposite the first direction.

The additional winding 32 is in series with the capacitor 38 and the additional winding 32 and the capacitor 38 are connected in electrically parallel relation to the main winding 22. The additional winding 32 is inversely connected with respect to the main winding 22. Therefore, the current which flows through the main winding 22 is in a first direction and the current flowing through the additional winding 32 is flowing in a second direction opposite the first direction. The additional windings 28, 30 and 32 have a smaller number of turns than their respective main windings 22, 24 and 26. However, improvements in the operation of the motor can be observed even if the additional windings have as many turns as their respective windings main. However, if the number of turns of the additional windings exceeds the number of turns of the main windings, the efficiency is substantially reduced then. Furthermore, if the number of turns of the additional windings is less than half the number of turns of their associated main windings, then efficiency is again substantially reduced. Therefore, it can be concluded that the number of turns of each additional winding must be between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% - 100%) of the number of turns of its associated main windings. The real relationship depends of the application; moreover, the number of turns can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of circuits in the additional winding, shown further in Figures 13 and 14. Figure 10 schematically depicts a three-phase coiled-type electric motor incorporating the teachings of the present invention. The three main windings are denoted 22, 24 and 26 and rolled into a star configuration. In the three additional windings, 28, 30 and 32 are denoted and rolled into a star configuration. The capacitors of the additional windings are provided 34, 36 and 38. The star connection point is denoted O and the three line voltage connections are denoted R, S and T. As in the delta configuration of Figure 9, each Additional winding is in electrical series with a capacitor associated with it and each additional winding and capacitor connected in series is electrically parallel to its associated main winding. The additional windings are connected inversely with respect to their associated main windings and the number of turns of each additional winding is at least equal to half the number of turns of the main winding but is not more than the total number of turns of the winding principal.

More particularly, each additional winding is fed with a different phase than its respective main winding. The additional winding 28, electrically connected parallel to the main winding 24, physically nested with the winding 22 and connected in reverse with respect to it, is connected through the capacitor 34 in the R-line of the main winding 24. The additional winding 30, electrically connected parallel to the main winding 26, physically nested with the winding 24 and connected in reverse with respect to it, is connected through the capacitor 36 in the S line of the main winding 26. The additional winding 32, electrically connected parallel to the winding main 22, physically nested with winding 26 and connected in reverse with respect to it, is connected through capacitor 38 and line T of main winding 22. This clearly shows the opposite field position of the additional winding. Figure 11 illustrates internal winding connections of a three-phase electric motor that has four poles, each denoted between each phase A, B, and C (four poles for phase A, four (4) poles for phase B and four (4) poles for phase C in the main winding Y as well as in the additional winding V), an adjacent pole delta, of according to the present invention. The connection point on line V is denoted 80 for the main winding Y and 82a, 82b for the additional winding V. The connection point on the S line is denoted 84 for the main winding Y and 86a, 86b for the additional winding V. The connection point 88 of the main winding Y is at the line T, and the connector points 90a, 90b are for the additional winding V. The capacitors of the additional winding are respectively denoted 92, 94 and 96. In other words, the respective delta connections of each main and additional winding are the three delta points denoted 80, 84 and 88 of the main winding and 82a, 82b, 86a, 86b and 90a, 90b of the additional winding. The connections are perfectly symmetrical and equidistant from one another in the main winding Y. This new configuration corrects the problem of energy saving and efficiency in relation to the direction of rotation. This illustration represents a four-pole delta circuit. which corrects the problem of rotation at other speeds and multiple numbers of circuits, in delta configurations. The winding shown in Figure 12 has the highest efficiency of the new windings. The main windings are denoted 22, 24 and 26 and are rolled delta type. The additional windings are denoted 28, 30, 32; its inverse connections are indicated in relation to their respective main windings. These capacitors in series with the additional windings are denoted 34, 36 and 38, respectively. Both the main windings and the additional windings are arranged in a delta configuration. Additional windings are physically nested within the delta-type coiled main windings. The highest efficiency is achieved because there are no direct or hard electrical connections to the power line, that is, the winding is powered only by the capacitors. This removes the problem associated with the currents in opposition to each other, and allows a maximum de-saturation of the main winding. The winding shown in Figure 13 has the second highest efficiency. The main windings 22, 24, and 26 are arranged in a delta configuration but the additional windings 28, 30, and 32 are wired in a star configuration, physically nested within the range of the left-hander. The winding capacitors 34, 36 and 38 are respectively in series with the additional windings 28, 30 and 32. Figure 14 represents a winding having the same efficiency as the winding of Figure 13. The main windings 22, 24 and 26 are electrically connected to each other in a star configuration but are physically nested within each respective additional winding 28, 30 and 32. The additional windings 28, 30 and 32 are electrically connected in delta configuration and are nested physically within the star arrangement (Y) of the main windings. As in all modalities, capacitors 34, 36 and 38 of windings are in series with their respective additional windings 28, 30 and 32. In addition, as in all modes, the additional windings are connected inversely in relation to their respective Main windings, and additional windings and capacitors are in parallel relation to their respective main windings. A third best efficiency is achieved by the embodiment shown schematically in Figure 15 as well as in Figure 9. Both the main windings 22, 24 and 26 and the additional windings 28, 30 and 32 are electrically and physically nested in a configuration delta, but in comparison to Figures 14 and 15 it will be noted that the additional windings 28, 30 and 32 are rotated one hundred and twenty degrees (120 °) in the counterclockwise direction in Figure 15 with respect to their respective portions of Figure 14. Accordingly, the additional winding 30 is positioned adjacent to the main winding 22 in parallel relation inversely connected thereto, the additional winding 32 is positioned adjacent the main winding 24 in inversely connected relation parallel thereto, and the additional winding 28 is placed adjacent to main winding 26 in parallel relation inversely placed to this one. The conversion of a conventional single-phase or three-phase electric motor to a motor incorporating the inventive teachings achieves the following advantages: first, there is no change in copper density compared to a conventional motor. Second, the separation of the conventional winding in two different and separate windings follows the approximate ratio of one third (1/3) to two thirds (2/3). In addition, no changes are required in the original type of the winding arrangement, adjacent or consequent poles. Both windings, according to the present invention, can be rolled and inserted simultaneously in a single operation in a single step. It is feasible to calculate the value of the additional winding capacitor in microfarads per phase. This value is directly proportional to the actual full load current in amps per phase and inversely proportional to the square of the line voltage in volts. The synchronization of the values is then determined by a multiplication factor that is between approximately 0.25 x 106 and 0.3 x 106. The new interconnections of the two windings are in opposite field directions and in different phases with each other. The new winding increases the efficiency complete, significantly improving the power factor, and causes a substantial drop in start current and operation through all loads. As an example, a conventional ten-horsepower motor that draws approximately six (6) amps at no load draws only about six tenths (0.6) of an ampere when the additional windings and capacitors are added as described herein. Under full load conditions, the same engine when operating conventionally at a power factor of approximately 0.74 to 0.84 and when it is wound up according to the new description operates at a power factor of 0.99 from a mechanical load of twenty-five percent (25 %) to full mechanical load and more. In an individual phase electric motor, the first and second main windings are electrically connected at the respective first ends thereof to a main common point and at respective second ends thereof to the first and second potential lines of a line voltage. . The first and second additional windings are electrically connected in series to a winding capacitor and the first and second potential lines in a reverse parallel connection with the first and second main windings. Each of the first and second additional windings generates a field electromagnetic in a direction opposite to an electromagnetic field generated by its first and second associated main windings. The first and second main windings have a first wire size and each of the first and second additional windings has a second wire size.

The first wire size is approximately twice the second wire size. A multi-phase electric motor includes a plurality of main windings connected in a delta configuration at three line connection points having a line voltage. Each of the main windings has a first wire size. An additional winding and a winding capacitor are connected in parallel relation to each of the main windings. The additional winding has a second wire size smaller than the first wire size. The reverse connection of the additional winding with respect to its associated main winding generates an electromagnetic field in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the electromagnetic field in its associated main winding. This invention is a pioneering invention because it substantially improves the efficiency of AC motors or synchronous generators across the entire range of load conditions. In many In some cases, it allows an engine to operate at a power factor greater than 0.90 even under conditions of no load or low load. This performance halves the power required to operate an engine. With approximately sixty-four percent (64%) of all electrical power in the United States that is consumed by AC electric motors, the savings created by the present invention are substantial. In view of the pioneering status of this invention, the following claims are designated as a matter of law for broad interpretation, to protect the core or essence of the invention from piracy. French Patent Application Number 0207820000 filed on June 25, 2002, now French Patent No. FR 2841404, is hereby incorporated by reference in this description. In this way, it has been seen that the objects set forth above, and those obvious facts of the foregoing description, are achieved efficiently. Since certain changes can be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is proposed that all matters contained in the above description shown in the appended figures should be construed as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. It is also to be understood that the following claims are proposed to cover all generic and specific features of the invention described herein, and all declarations of the scope of the invention which, as a language subject, may be said to fall between this. Now that the invention has been described.

Claims (13)

1. CLAIMS 1. Single phase electric motor winding, comprising: a main winding having a predetermined number of turns; an additional, desaturating winding having a number of turns equal to at least about half the predetermined number of turns of the main winding but not exceeding the predetermined number of turns of the main winding; an electrically connected capacitor in series with the additional, desaturating winding; the capacitor and the additional desaturating winding connect electrically in parallel with the main winding; and the additional desaturating winding which is inversely connected in relation to the main winding so that the current flows in a first direction through the main winding and in a second direction through the additional, desaturating winding, the second direction which is opposite to the winding. first direction. The individual phase electric motor according to claim 1, further comprising: the main winding formed of a conductor having a first predetermined cross-section and the additional desaturating winding formed of a conductor having a second predetermined cross-section; the first and second predetermined cross sections that are related to each other by a relation; the relationship that is
2. approximately two thirds (2/3) to one third (1/3).
3. 3. Single phase electric motor, comprising: a main winding having two half sections electrically connected together in series; an additional desaturating winding having two half sections connected together in series; a capacitor connected in series to two half sections; the additional desaturating winding and the capacitor connected in parallel to the main winding; each section means of the additional desaturating winding connected in inverse relationship to an associated half section of the main winding so that the current flowing through the half sections of the desaturating additional winding flows in an opposite direction relative to the current flowing to through the half sections of the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturante winding having a number of turns equal to about half the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding but not exceeding the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding.
4. 4. Single phase electric motor according to claim 3, further comprising: a start winding, a start capacitor and a switching means connected in series with each other and in parallel relation to the

   Main and additional windings, desaturating.
5. 5. Single phase electric motor, comprising: a main winding having two half sections electrically connected to each other in parallel; an additional, desaturating winding having two half sections connected together in series, a capacitor connected in series to two half sections of the additional desaturating winding; the half sections of the additional desaturante winding and the capacitor connected in parallel to the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturating winding connected in inverse relationship to an associated half section of the main winding so that the current flowing through the half sections of the desaturating additional winding flows in an opposite direction relative to the current flowing through of the half sections of the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturante winding having a number of turns equal to at least about half the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding but not exceeding the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding.
6. 6- Single phase electric motor, comprising: a main winding having two half sections electrically connected to each other in parallel; a

   additional winding, desaturant having two half sections connected to each other in parallel; a capacitor connected in series to two half sections of the additional desaturating winding; the half sections of the additional desaturante winding and the capacitor connected in parallel to the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturating winding connected in inverse relationship to an associated half section of the main winding so that the current flowing through the half sections of the desaturating additional winding flows in an opposite direction relative to the current flowing through of the half sections of the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturante winding having the number of turns equal to at least about half the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding but not exceeding the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding.
7. 7. Single phase electric motor, comprising: a main winding having two half sections electrically connected together in series; an additional desaturating winding having two half sections connected to each other in -parallel; a capacitor-connected in series to two half sections of additional desaturating winding; the half sections of winding

   additional desaturating and the capacitor connected in parallel to the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturating winding connected in inverse relationship to an associated half section of the main winding so that the current flowing through the half sections of the desaturating additional winding flows in an opposite direction relative to a current flowing through of the half sections of the main winding; each half section of the additional desaturante winding having a number of turns equal to at least about half the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding but not exceeding the predetermined number of turns of each half section of the main winding.
8. 8. Delta-type coiled three-phase motor, comprising: a first, second and third main winding connected to each other in delta configuration; a first, second and third additional, desaturating windings connected to each other in a delta configuration, the first, second and third major and additional desaturating windings that physically overlap in nested relation to each other; the first, second and third additional windings, desaturated respectively connected in parallel and in inversely connected relation to the first, second and third main windings so that the

   current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the first, second and third additional desaturating windings flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, a first, second and third capacitors respectively connected in series with respect to the first, second and third additional desaturating windings so that each additional desaturating winding is fed concurrently to a different phase than the current fed to the first, second and third main windings; and the first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% -100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.
9. 9. Three-phase motor, winding type star, comprising: a first, second and third main windings connected to each other in a configuration star type; a first, second and third additional desaturated windings connected to each other and in star configuration; the first, second and third main and additional desaturating windings that are physically superimposed in nested relation to each other; the first, second and third additional desaturated windings connected respectively parallel and in relation

   inversely connected to the first, second and third main windings so that the current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the first, second and third additional desaturating windings flows in a second direction opposite the first direction, a first, second and third capacitors respectively connected in series relation to the first, second and third additional desaturation windings so that each additional winding is supplied with current at a different phase than the current supplied to the first, second and third main windings; and the first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% - 100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.
10. 10. Delta-type coiled three-phase motor, comprising: first, second and third main windings electrically connected to each other in delta configuration, first, second and third additional desaturation windings connected electrically and mechanically to each other in delta configuration; the first, second and third main and additional, desaturating windings that are physically superimposed in nested relation to each other; the first, second and third windings

    additional desaturates that are nested within the delta configuration of the first, second and third major windings; the first, second and third additional desaturating windings which are connected respectively in parallel and inversely connected relationship to the first, second and third main windings so that the current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the first, second and third additional desaturating windings flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a first, second and third capacitor respectively connected in series relation to the first, second and third additional desaturating windings; and the first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% -100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.
11. 11. Delta-type coiled three-phase motor, comprising: first, second and third main windings connected electrically and mechanically to each other in delta configuration; a first, second and third additional, desaturating windings electrically connected to each other in star configuration, the first, second and third main windings and

    additional, desaturating substances that are physically superimposed in nested relation to each other; the first, second and third additional, desaturating windings that are respectively connected in parallel and inversely connected to the first, second and third main windings so that the current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the first, second and third additional desaturating windings flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction; first, second and third capacitors respectively connected in series relation to the first, second and third additional desaturating windings; and first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% -100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.
12. 12. Three-phase winding motor type star, comprising: a first, second and third main windings electrically connected to each other in star configuration, a first, second and third additional windings, desaturating electrically connected to each other in delta configuration; the first, second and third main and additional, desaturating windings that are physically superimposed in relation

    nested with each other; the first, second and third additional, desaturating windings that are respectively connected in parallel and inversely connected to the first, second and third main windings so that the current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the first, second and third additional desaturating windings flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a first, second and third capacitor connected respectively in series relation to the first, second and third additional desaturating windings; and the first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% -100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.
13. 13. Delta-type coiled three-phase motor, comprising first, second and third main windings electrically connected to each other in delta configuration; a first, second and third additional desaturating windings electrically connected to each other in delta configuration, the first, second and third main and additional, desaturating windings that are physically superimposed in nested relation to each other; the first, second and third additional desaturated windings

    which are respectively connected in parallel and inversely connected to the second, third and first main windings so that the current flowing through the first, second and third main windings flows in a first direction and the current flowing through the second, third and first additional windings, desaturating flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction; first, second and third capacitors connected respectively in series relation to the first, second and third additional windings, desaturating so that each additional desaturating winding is supplied with current in a different phase than the current fed to the first, second and third main windings so that a phase shift of one hundred twenty degrees (120 °) is achieved; and the first, second and third additional desaturating windings having a predetermined number of turns between fifty percent to one hundred percent (50% - 100%) of the number of turns of their associated main windings.