MD1519Z

MD1519Z - Vertical axis wind turbine

Info

Publication number: MD1519Z
Application number: MDS20200021A
Authority: MD
Inventors: Виорел БОСТАН; Валериу ДУЛГЕРУ; Иван РАБЕЙ
Original assignee: Технический университет Молдовы
Priority date: 2020-03-06
Filing date: 2020-03-06
Publication date: 2021-11-30
Also published as: MD1519Y

Abstract

The invention relates to wind energy conversion devices, namely to vertical axis wind turbines.The vertical axis wind turbine comprises a tower (1), on which is installed a vertical rotating shaft (3), one end of which is connected to a generator with permanent magnets (17), and the other end, by means of levers (6 and 9), is connected to blades (7) with aerodynamic profile, the upper part of which is rigidly connected by means of levers (6) to a sleeve (5), fixed on the shaft (3), and the lower part of the blades (7) is rigidly connected by means of levers (9) to another sleeve (8), installed on the shaft (3) with the possibility of relative deviation from the first sleeve (5), which is connected by means of hinged levers (13 and 14) and inertial elements (15), to a sleeve (10) with brake shoes (11), fixed on its upper flange. On the inner side of the hinged levers (13 and 14) are rigidly fixed elastic plate elements (16).

Description

Invenţia se referă la dispozitivele de conversiune a energiei eoliene, şi anume la turbinele eoliene cu ax vertical. The invention relates to wind energy conversion devices, namely to vertical axis wind turbines.

Este cunoscută o turbină eoliană cu ax vertical, care include un turn, un ax principal tubular, un mecanism de frânare a turaţiei rotorului turbinei eoliene, bazat pe utilizarea unor bile centrifugale, discuri de frânare şi elemente elastice. La depăşirea turaţiei rotorului eolian a unei valori limite, bilele centrifugale se deplasează sub acţiunea forţelor centrifugale în direcţie radială spre exterior, acţionând asupra discului de frânare, deplasându-l până la contact cu cel de-al doilea disc de frânare [1]. A vertical axis wind turbine is known, which includes a tower, a tubular main shaft, a mechanism for braking the speed of the wind turbine rotor, based on the use of centrifugal balls, brake discs and elastic elements. When the speed of the wind rotor exceeds a limit value, the centrifugal balls move under the action of centrifugal forces in a radial direction outwards, acting on the brake disc, moving it until it contacts the second brake disc [1].

Se cunoaşte, de asemenea, o turbină eoliană cu ax vertical, care conţine un turn vertical, pe care este instalat un arbore rotitor vertical, un capăt al căruia este unit cu un generator cu magneţi permanenţi, iar al doilea capăt, prin intermediul unor bare rotitoare, este unit cu pale cu profil aerodinamic, executate cu posibilitatea varierii unghiului de atac [2]. A vertical axis wind turbine is also known, which contains a vertical tower, on which a vertical rotating shaft is installed, one end of which is connected to a permanent magnet generator, and the second end, by means of rotating bars, is connected to blades with an aerodynamic profile, made with the possibility of varying the angle of attack [2].

Aceste soluţii tehnice prezintă o serie de dezavantaje, cum ar fi complexitatea construcţiei, siguranţa redusă de protecţie a rotorului eolian împotriva suprasarcinilor la viteze mari ale vântului. These technical solutions present a number of disadvantages, such as the complexity of the construction, the reduced safety of protecting the wind turbine against overloads at high wind speeds.

Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în majorarea fiabilităţii rotorului eolian şi simplificarea construcţiei. The problem that the invention solves consists in increasing the reliability of the wind turbine and simplifying the construction.

Turbina eoliană cu ax vertical, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajele menţionate mai sus prin aceea că conţine un turn, pe care este instalat un arbore rotitor vertical, un capăt al căruia este unit cu un generator cu magneţi permanenţi, iar celălalt capăt, prin intermediul unor bare, este unit cu pale cu profil aerodinamic, executate cu posibilitatea varierii unghiului de atac. Partea de sus a palelor este unită rigid prin intermediul barelor cu o bucşă, fixată prin intermediul unei pene pe arbore, iar partea de jos a palelor este unită rigid prin intermediul barelor cu o altă bucşă, instalată pe arbore cu posibilitatea devierii relative faţă de prima bucşă, care este unită prin intermediul unor bare articulate şi elemente inerţiale, mobile în direcţie axială, cu o bucşă cu saboţi, fixaţi pe flanşa superioară a acesteia, iar din partea interioară a barelor articulate sunt fixate rigid elemente elastice lamelare. The vertical axis wind turbine, according to the invention, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages by containing a tower, on which a vertical rotating shaft is installed, one end of which is connected to a permanent magnet generator, and the other end, by means of bars, is connected to blades with an aerodynamic profile, made with the possibility of varying the angle of attack. The upper part of the blades is rigidly connected by means of bars to a bushing, fixed by means of a wedge on the shaft, and the lower part of the blades is rigidly connected by means of bars to another bushing, installed on the shaft with the possibility of relative deviation from the first bushing, which is connected by means of articulated bars and inertial elements, movable in the axial direction, to a bushing with shoes, fixed on its upper flange, and on the inner side of the articulated bars are rigidly fixed lamellar elastic elements.

Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei constă în fiabilitate sporită şi construcţie simplă a turbinei eoliene cu ax vertical. The technical result of the invention consists in increased reliability and simple construction of the vertical axis wind turbine.

Invenţia se explică prin desenele din fig. 1 şi 2, care reprezintă: The invention is explained by the drawings in Fig. 1 and 2, which represent:

- fig. 1, vederea generală a turbinei eoliene cu ax vertical; - Fig. 1, general view of the vertical axis wind turbine;

- fig. 2, vederea turbinei cu unghiul de atac modificat. - Fig. 2, view of the turbine with the modified angle of attack.

Turbina eoliană cu ax vertical (fig. 1, 2) conţine turnul 1, pe care prin rulmenţii 2 este instalat arborele rotitor vertical 3, pe care prin intermediul penei 4 este fixată bucşa 5, pe flanşa căreia sunt fixate rigid barele 6, de care este unită partea de sus a palelor 7 cu profil aerodinamic, totodată pe arborele rotitor vertical 3 este fixată bucşa 8 similară, cu posibilitatea devierii relative faţă de bucşa 5, pe flanşa căreia sunt fixate rigid barele 9, de care sunt unite capetele de jos ale palelor 7 cu profil aerodinamic. Pe turnul 1, dotat din partea de sus cu flanşa 12, este amplasată cu posibilitatea deplasării axiale, bucşa 10 cu saboţii 11, fixaţi pe flanşa superioară a acesteia. Bucşele 5 şi 10 sunt unite prin intermediul barelor articulate 13 şi 14 şi elementelor inerţiale 15. Pe partea interioară a barelor articulate 13 şi 14 sunt fixate elementele elastice lamelare 16. Capătul inferior al arborelui rotitor vertical 3 este unit cu arborele generatorului electric cu magneţi permanenţi 17. The vertical axis wind turbine (fig. 1, 2) contains the tower 1, on which the vertical rotating shaft 3 is installed through the bearings 2, on which the bushing 5 is fixed through the wedge 4, on the flange of which the bars 6 are rigidly fixed, to which the upper part of the blades 7 with an aerodynamic profile is connected, at the same time on the vertical rotating shaft 3 a similar bushing 8 is fixed, with the possibility of relative deviation from the bushing 5, on the flange of which the bars 9 are rigidly fixed, to which the lower ends of the blades 7 with an aerodynamic profile are connected. On the tower 1, equipped from the top with the flange 12, the bushing 10 with the shoes 11, fixed on its upper flange, is placed with the possibility of axial movement. The bushings 5 and 10 are connected by means of articulated rods 13 and 14 and inertial elements 15. On the inner side of the articulated rods 13 and 14, lamellar elastic elements 16 are fixed. The lower end of the vertical rotating shaft 3 is connected to the shaft of the permanent magnet electric generator 17.

Turbina eoliană cu ax vertical funcţionează în modul următor. The vertical axis wind turbine operates in the following way.

La depăşirea vitezei unghiulare a rotorului eolian a unei valori limită, elementele inerţiale 15 sub acţiunea forţelor centrifugale Fc se deplasează în direcţie radială şi, învingând forţele de elasticitate a elementelor elastice lamelare 16, deplasează bucşa 10 în direcţie axială până la contactul saboţilor 11 cu flanşa 12 a turnului 1. În rezultat are loc frânarea mecanică şi încetinirea vitezei unghiulare a rotorului eolian. În acest caz are loc scăderea valorii forţei centrifugale a elementelor inerţiale 15 şi revenirea în poziţie iniţială a bucşei 10 şi a barelor 13 şi 14 sub acţiunea forţei de elasticitate a elementelor elastice lamelare 16. La creşterea repetată a vitezei vântului, ciclul se repetă. Totodată, la creşterea vitezei unghiulare a rotorului eolian, bucşa 8, cu care sunt legate capetele de jos ale palelor 7 cu profil aerodinamic, va devia rotându-se puţin în jurul axei arborelui rotitor vertical 3 în limitele elasticităţii lor, conducând la o relativă deformare a capătului de jos al palelor 7, care vine în poziţia 7', modificând unghiul de atac al palelor de la αopt la αfr = αopt + Δα. În rezultat are loc frânarea aerodinamică a rotorului eolian. La reducerea vitezei vântului sub acţiunea forţelor de rigiditate, palele 7 revin în poziţia iniţială. When the angular velocity of the wind turbine rotor exceeds a limit value, the inertial elements 15 under the action of centrifugal forces Fc move in the radial direction and, overcoming the elastic forces of the lamellar elastic elements 16, move the bushing 10 in the axial direction until the contact of the shoes 11 with the flange 12 of the tower 1. As a result, mechanical braking and slowing down of the angular velocity of the wind turbine rotor occurs. In this case, the value of the centrifugal force of the inertial elements 15 decreases and the bushing 10 and the bars 13 and 14 return to their original position under the action of the elastic force of the lamellar elastic elements 16. With a repeated increase in the wind speed, the cycle is repeated. At the same time, when the angular velocity of the wind turbine increases, the bushing 8, with which the lower ends of the blades 7 with aerodynamic profile are connected, will deviate by rotating slightly around the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 3 within the limits of their elasticity, leading to a relative deformation of the lower end of the blades 7, which comes to position 7', changing the angle of attack of the blades from αopt to αfr = αopt + Δα. As a result, aerodynamic braking of the wind turbine occurs. When the wind speed decreases under the action of rigidity forces, the blades 7 return to their initial position.

Soluţia tehnică propusă asigură procesul de frânare mecanică şi aerodinamică prin soluţii constructive relativ simple şi securizarea turnului de suprasarcini, generate de vitezele mari ale vântului. The proposed technical solution ensures the mechanical and aerodynamic braking process through relatively simple constructive solutions and secures the tower from overloads generated by high wind speeds.

1. CN 101363402 A 2009.02.11 1. CN 101363402 A 2009.02.11

2. KR 101555922 B1 2015.09.30 2. KR 101555922 B1 2015.09.30

Claims

Vertical axis wind turbine, comprising a tower (1), on which is installed a vertical rotating shaft (3), one end of which is connected to a permanent magnet generator (17), and the other end, by means of bars (6 and 9), is connected to blades (7) with an aerodynamic profile, made with the possibility of varying the angle of attack, at the same time the upper part of the blades (7) is rigidly connected by means of bars (6) to a bushing (5), fixed by means of a wedge (4) on the shaft (3), and the lower part of the blades (7) is rigidly connected by means of bars (9) to another bushing (8), installed on the shaft (3) with the possibility of relative deviation with respect to the first bushing (5), which is connected by means of articulated bars (13 and 14) and inertial elements (15), movable in the axial direction, with a bushing (10) with shoes (11), fixed on its upper flange, and from the side Lamellar elastic elements (16) are rigidly fixed to the inner surface of the articulated bars (13 and 14).