MD1101Z - Device for measuring the impedance components of liquid products - Google Patents
Device for measuring the impedance components of liquid products Download PDFInfo
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- MD1101Z MD1101Z MDS20160011A MDS20160011A MD1101Z MD 1101 Z MD1101 Z MD 1101Z MD S20160011 A MDS20160011 A MD S20160011A MD S20160011 A MDS20160011 A MD S20160011A MD 1101 Z MD1101 Z MD 1101Z
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- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и может быть использовано для измерения составляющих импеданса жидких продуктов с целью определения их качества.Устройство для измерения составляющих импеданса жидких продуктов содержит генератор (1) синусоидального сигнала с частотой FG, включенный одним выходным контактом последовательно с резистором (2), усилитель (12), подключенный одним входным контактом ко второму контакту резистора (2), а вторым входным контактом вместе со вторым выходным контактом генератора (1) и общей точкой конвертора импеданса (6) - к общему проводу, конвертор (6), который содержит операционный усилитель (7), подключенный инвертирующим входом к выходному контакту конвертора (6) и неинвертирующим входом - через резистор (9) к общему проводу, переменный резистор (8), включенный в отрицательную обратную связь операционного усилителя (7), дифференциальный усилитель (10), подключенный одним входом к выходу операционного усилителя (7), и фазовращатель (11) с фазовым сдвигом в 90°, подключенный входом к выходу дифференциального усилителя (10), а выходом, вместе со вторым входом дифференциального усилителя (10) и вторым входом фазометра (13) - к неинвертирующему входу операционного усилителя (7). Фазометр (13) подключен одним входом к выходу усилителя (12). Устройство еще содержит электрохимическую ячейку, состоящую из двух металлических пластин (3, 4), каждая с площадью S, расположенных параллельно в стеклянном сосуде (5) на расстоянии L одна от другой, одна из которых подключена ко второму контакту резистора (2), а другая - ко второму выходному контакту конвертора (6).The invention relates to measuring technique and can be used to measure the components of the impedance of liquid products in order to determine their quality. A device for measuring the components of the impedance of liquid products contains a generator (1) of a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of FG, connected by one output contact in series with a resistor (2), an amplifier (12) connected by one input contact to the second contact of the resistor (2), and the second input contact together with the second output contact of the generator (1) and a common point converter and impedance (6) - to the common wire, a converter (6), which contains an operational amplifier (7) connected by an inverting input to the output terminal of the converter (6) and a non-inverting input - through a resistor (9) to a common wire, a variable resistor (8 ) included in the negative feedback of the operational amplifier (7), a differential amplifier (10) connected by one input to the output of the operational amplifier (7), and a phase shifter (11) with a 90 ° phase shift connected by an input to the output of the differential amplifier (10) ), and the output, along with the second input House differential amplifier (10) and the second input of the phase meter (13) - to the noninverting input of the operational amplifier (7). The phasometer (13) is connected at one input to the output of the amplifier (12). The device also contains an electrochemical cell, consisting of two metal plates (3, 4), each with an area S, arranged in parallel in a glass vessel (5) at a distance L from one another, one of which is connected to the second contact of the resistor (2), and the other to the second output terminal of the converter (6).
Description
Invenţia se referă la tehnica de măsurare şi poate fi utilizată pentru măsurarea componentelor impedanţei a produselor lichide cu scopul determinării calităţii lor. The invention relates to measurement technique and can be used for measuring impedance components of liquid products in order to determine their quality.
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este măsurătorul de impedanţă a produselor lichide, care conţine un generator de semnal, un rezistor, o celulă electrochimică, formată din două plăci metalice amplasate în lichidul măsurat, precum şi un convertor de impedanţă, toate conectate în serie. Măsurătorul mai conţine un amplificator, conectat cu intrarea la punctul comun al rezistorului şi al unei plăci a celulei electrochimice, două comparatoare, un bloc de comandă, conectat cu două ieşiri la intrările convertorului şi cu două intrări - la ieşirile comparatoarelor, precum şi o tastatură şi un panou de afişare a rezultatului. Măsurătorul asigură măsurarea automată directă a componentelor activă şi reactivă ale impedanţei lichidului controlat [1]. The closest solution is the liquid product impedance meter, which contains a signal generator, a resistor, an electrochemical cell consisting of two metal plates placed in the measured liquid, as well as an impedance converter, all connected in series. The meter also contains an amplifier, connected with the input to the common point of the resistor and one plate of the electrochemical cell, two comparators, a control block, connected with two outputs to the converter inputs and with two inputs - to the comparator outputs, as well as a keyboard and a result display panel. The meter provides direct automatic measurement of the active and reactive components of the impedance of the controlled liquid [1].
Dezavantajele acestui măsurător constau în structura măsurătorului şi algoritmul de măsurare complicate. The disadvantages of this meter are the complicated meter structure and measurement algorithm.
Problemele pe care le rezolvă invenţia constau în lărgirea domeniului de utilizare, precum şi simplificarea construcţiei şi a procesului de măsurare. The problems solved by the invention consist in broadening the scope of use, as well as simplifying the construction and the measurement process.
Dispozitivul, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajele menţionate prin aceea că conţine un generator de semnal sinusoidal cu frecvenţa FG, conectat cu un contact de ieşire în serie cu un rezistor, un amplificator, conectat cu un contact de intrare la cel de-al doilea contact al rezistorului, iar cu cel de-al doilea contact de intrare împreună cu cel de-al doilea contact de ieşire al generatorului şi cu punctul comun al unui convertor de impedanţă - la masă, convertorul, care conţine un amplificator operaţional, conectat cu intrarea inversoare la un contact de ieşire al convertorului şi cu intrarea neinversoare - printr-un rezistor la masă, un rezistor variabil, conectat în reacţia negativă a amplificatorului operaţional, un amplificator diferenţial, conectat cu o intrare la ieşirea amplificatorului operaţional, şi un defazor cu defazaj de 90°, conectat cu intrarea la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial, iar cu ieşirea, împreună cu cea de-a doua intrare a amplificatorului diferenţial şi cu cea de-a doua intrare a unui fazmetru - la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional. Fazmetrul este conectat cu o intrare la ieşirea amplificatorului. Dispozitivul mai conţine o celulă electrochimică, formată din două plăci metalice, fiecare cu o suprafaţă S, amplasate paralel într-un vas de sticlă la o distanţă L una de alta, una fiind conectată la cel de-al doilea contact al rezistorului, iar cealaltă - la cel de-al doilea contact de ieşire al convertorului. The device, according to the invention, eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages by containing a sinusoidal signal generator with frequency FG, connected with an output contact in series with a resistor, an amplifier, connected with an input contact to the second contact of the resistor, and with the second input contact together with the second output contact of the generator and with the common point of an impedance converter - to ground, the converter, which contains an operational amplifier, connected with the inverting input to an output contact of the converter and with the non-inverting input - through a resistor to ground, a variable resistor, connected in the negative feedback of the operational amplifier, a differential amplifier, connected with an input to the output of the operational amplifier, and a phase shifter with a phase shift of 90°, connected with the input to the output of the differential amplifier, and with the output, together with the second input of the differential amplifier and with the second input of a phase meter - to the input non-inverting operational amplifier. The phase meter is connected with one input to the output of the amplifier. The device also contains an electrochemical cell, consisting of two metal plates, each with a surface S, placed parallel in a glass vessel at a distance L from each other, one being connected to the second contact of the resistor, and the other - to the second output contact of the converter.
Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei constă în simplificarea structurii şi a algoritmului de măsurare, precum şi asigurarea posibilităţii de măsurare a constantei dielectrice a lichidelor cu scopul determinării calităţii acestora. The technical result of the invention consists in simplifying the structure and the measurement algorithm, as well as ensuring the possibility of measuring the dielectric constant of liquids in order to determine their quality.
Invenţia se explică prin desenul din figură, care reprezintă structura dispozitivului. The invention is explained by the drawing in the figure, which represents the structure of the device.
Dispozitivul conţine generatorul de semnal sinusoidal 1 cu frecvenţa FG, rezistorul 2, plăcile metalice 3 şi 4, fiecare cu suprafaţa S, amplasate paralel în vasul de sticlă 5 la o distanţă L una de la alta şi convertorul de impedanţă 6 cu un contact de ieşire - toate conectate în serie. Convertorul 6 este format din amplificatorul operaţional 7 cu rezistorul variabil 8 în reacţia inversă negativă, conectat cu intrarea inversoare la contactul de ieşire al convertorului 6, iar cu cea neinversoare - printr-un rezistor 9 la masă, din amplificatorul diferenţial 10, conectat cu intrările respectiv la ieşirea şi la intrarea neinversoare ale amplificatorului operaţional 7, precum şi din defazorul 11 cu un defazaj de 90º, conectat cu intrarea la ieşirea amplificatorului diferenţial10, iar cu ieşirea - la intrarea neinversoare a amplificatorului operaţional 7. Dispozitivul mai conţine amplificatorul 12, conectat cu un contact de intrare la punctul comun al rezistorului 2 şi plăcii 3, precum şi fazmetrul 13, conectat cu intrările la ieşirea amplificatorului 12 şi, respectiv, la ieşirea defazorului 11. Punctele comune ale generatorului 1, convertorului 6 şi amplificatorului 12 sunt conectate la masă. The device contains the sinusoidal signal generator 1 with frequency FG, the resistor 2, the metal plates 3 and 4, each with surface S, placed parallel in the glass vessel 5 at a distance L from each other and the impedance converter 6 with an output contact - all connected in series. The converter 6 consists of the operational amplifier 7 with the variable resistor 8 in the negative feedback, connected with the inverting input to the output contact of the converter 6, and with the non-inverting one - through a resistor 9 to the ground, from the differential amplifier 10, connected with the inputs respectively to the output and the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 7, as well as from the phase shifter 11 with a phase shift of 90º, connected with the input to the output of the differential amplifier 10, and with the output - to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 7. The device also contains the amplifier 12, connected with an input contact to the common point of the resistor 2 and the board 3, as well as the phase meter 13, connected with the inputs to the output of the amplifier 12 and, respectively, to the output of the phase shifter 11. The common points of the generator 1, the converter 6 and the amplifier 12 are connected to the ground.
Măsurătorul funcţionează în modul următor. The meter operates in the following mode.
În vasul 5 se toarnă lichidul măsurat în volum necesar pentru acoperirea completă a plăcilor 3 şi 4. Pour the measured liquid into vessel 5 in the volume necessary to completely cover plates 3 and 4.
Convertorul de impedanţă 6 reproduce la clemele de ieşire o impedanţă de referinţă Zr, care împreună cu impedanţa plăcilor 3, 4 Zx formează un circuit rezonant în serie, alimentat cu curent I de generatorul 1 prin rezistorul 2. Amplificatorul 12 amplifică semnalul de dezechilibru Ude al circuitului rezonant, iar fazmetrul 13 măsoară defazajul între semnalele Ude şi cel de la ieşirea defazorului 11 Uref, care are aceeaşi fază cu căderea de tensiune pe componenta reactivă a impedanţei reproduse de convertor. În procesul măsurării, conform diagramei vectoriale din fig. 2, se reglează rezistorul 8 cu rezistenţa R până la obţinerea stării de echilibru a circuitului rezonant, ceea ce corespunde valorii 90° a defazajului între aceste semnale. În procesul reglării rezistorului 8 căderea de tensiune pe impedanţa Zr poate primi valorile Ur1, Ur2, valoarea finală fiind Ur0, ceea ce corespunde valorilor semnalului de dezechilibru Ude1 , Ude2 şi, respectiv, Ude0. The impedance converter 6 reproduces at the output terminals a reference impedance Zr, which together with the impedance of the plates 3, 4 Zx forms a series resonant circuit, supplied with current I by the generator 1 through the resistor 2. The amplifier 12 amplifies the unbalance signal Ude of the resonant circuit, and the phase meter 13 measures the phase shift between the signals Ude and that at the output of the phase shifter 11 Uref, which has the same phase as the voltage drop on the reactive component of the impedance reproduced by the converter. In the measurement process, according to the vector diagram in Fig. 2, the resistor 8 is adjusted with the resistance R until the equilibrium state of the resonant circuit is obtained, which corresponds to the 90° value of the phase shift between these signals. In the process of adjusting resistor 8, the voltage drop across impedance Zr can receive the values Ur1, Ur2, the final value being Ur0, which corresponds to the values of the unbalance signal Ude1, Ude2 and, respectively, Ude0.
La finalizarea procesului de măsurare impedanţa reprodusă de convertor constituie: At the end of the measurement process, the impedance reproduced by the converter is:
Zr0 ≡ jXr0 = -jXX = - (j2πFGCX)-1, (1) Zr0 ≡ jXr0 = -jXX = - (j2πFGCX)-1, (1)
unde: XX, Xr0 - componentele reactive ale impedanţelor ZX şi, respectiv, Zr0; where: XX, Xr0 - the reactive components of the impedances ZX and Zr0, respectively;
FG - frecvenţa semnalului generatorului 1; FG - generator 1 signal frequency;
CX - capacitatea plăcilor 3 şi 4. CX - capacity of plates 3 and 4.
După cum se ştie, capacitatea CX a plăcilor 3 şi 4, care formează un condensator plan, constituie: As is known, the capacitance CX of plates 3 and 4, which form a plane capacitor, is:
CX = εε0S/L, (2) CX = εε0S/L, (2)
unde: ε, ε0 = 8,86·10-12 - constantele dielectrice ale lichidului măsurat şi, respectiv, a vidului. Impedanţa reprodusă de convertor se exprimă în modul următor: where: ε, ε0 = 8.86·10-12 - the dielectric constants of the measured liquid and, respectively, of the vacuum. The impedance reproduced by the converter is expressed as follows:
XX0 = Ui/Ii = R0·sin 90° = R0. (3) XX0 = Ui/Ii = R0·sin 90° = R0. (3)
Din relaţiile (1), (2), (3) se obţine valoarea mărimii ε, care constituie rezultatul măsurării: From relations (1), (2), (3) the value of the quantity ε is obtained, which constitutes the result of the measurement:
ε = L/(2πε0FGSR0). (4) ε = L/(2πε0FGSR0). (4)
După valoarea mărimii ε pot fi determinate unele caracteristici, care determină calitatea produsului lichid. De exemplu, pentru produse lactate astfel poate fi determinat conţinutul de grăsime. Based on the value of the quantity ε, some characteristics can be determined, which determine the quality of the liquid product. For example, for dairy products, this can be used to determine the fat content.
Ca exemplu de implementare practică poate servi cazul, în care măsurătorul se utilizează pentru măsurarea constantei dielectrice ε a laptelui. Admitem că L=10-2 m, S=10-2 m2, FG= 105 Hz. În procesul de măsurare se reglează rezistenţa R a rezistorului 8 până la obţinerea valorii defazajului între semnalele Ude şi Ur egale cu 90°, ceea ce corespunde valorii R0 = 3·103 Ω. Valoarea ε se calculează din (4): ε =10-2 / (2 · 3,14 · 8,86·10-12 ·105 · 10-2 · 3 ·103) ≈ 59,5, ceea ce constituie rezultatul măsurării. As an example of practical implementation, the case where the meter is used to measure the dielectric constant ε of milk can serve. Let us assume that L=10-2 m, S=10-2 m2, FG= 105 Hz. In the measurement process, the resistance R of the resistor 8 is adjusted until the phase shift value between the signals Ude and Ur is equal to 90°, which corresponds to the value R0 = 3·103 Ω. The value ε is calculated from (4): ε =10-2 / (2 · 3.14 · 8.86·10-12 ·105 · 10-2 · 3 ·103) ≈ 59.5, which is the measurement result.
1. MD 985 Y 2015.12.31 1. MD 985 Y 2015.12.31
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20160011A MD1101Z (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Device for measuring the impedance components of liquid products |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| MDS20160011A MD1101Z (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Device for measuring the impedance components of liquid products |
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| MD1101Y MD1101Y (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| MD1101Z true MD1101Z (en) | 2017-06-30 |
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| MDS20160011A MD1101Z (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Device for measuring the impedance components of liquid products |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD420Y (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-09-30 | Univ Tehnica Moldovei | Impedance converter |
| MD445Y (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-11-30 | Univ Tehnica Moldovei | Impedance meter |
| MD985Y (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-12-31 | Universitatea Tehnică A Moldovei | Liquid product impedance meter |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD420Y (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-09-30 | Univ Tehnica Moldovei | Impedance converter |
| MD445Y (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-11-30 | Univ Tehnica Moldovei | Impedance meter |
| MD985Y (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-12-31 | Universitatea Tehnică A Moldovei | Liquid product impedance meter |
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| MD1101Y (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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