LV15011B - Composition of sorption granules based on natural clays - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a composition of sorption granules based on natural clays for use as absorbent of cat urine, excrements and their odors. The granules are made of Triassic clays, carboxymethylcellulose as binding agent and wood processing product as non-dusting agent.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed composition of sorption pellets based on Latvian natural clays is applicable to the household chemical industry and can be used for absorption of excrement and odors caused by pet animals such as cat urine.

Until October 2013, there are no cheap and high quality pet urine and excrement absorption granules (litter) manufactured in Latvia. They are imported from the US, Canada, China and European Union countries. Recently, the use of natural clay minerals in the manufacture of various products, including household sorbents, has been of increasing interest. Clays, as highly dispersed sedimentary rocks, are characterized by high free surface energy, which determines their sorption properties [1].

The composition of cat litter sand absorption granules based on various minerals (diatomite, trepel, opoka) is known. The pellet particles are porous with a size of 2 to 20 mm. Various salts of barium, chromium, copper and iron have been used in the composition [2j. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the use of heavy and toxic metal salt additives, which are harmful both to the environment and to the health of domestic animals.

Also known is the composition of pet toilet sand [3], which is made of non-swelling clay and a hardening agent that binds clay particles to mineral oil. The disadvantage of this formulation is that it requires such a large amount of mineral oil and curing agent that the cost of the product is analogous to that of sodium bentonite clay, which is relatively high.

The composition of cat litter sand absorption granules [4] made from opal clay, sodium bentonite and calcium lignosulfonate as a curing agent is known. The disadvantage of the present invention is also related to the high cost of sodium bentonite, since 10-50% of sodium bentonite is used for the preparation of granules.

Also known is the composition of cat litter sand absorption granules [5] made from a natural sorbent such as zeolite, bentonite, vermiculite paligorskite or a mixture thereof, which has been heat treated at 90-1200 ° C and crushed to a fraction of 1 to 7 mm. 1-2% by weight of the gypsum is injected into the bedding. The disadvantage of the present invention is related to the reduction of the rapid sorption capacity of zeolite, diatomaceous earth by heating at temperatures above 200 ° C, because of their strength and sorption capacity against various organic and inorganic substances. In addition, the introduction of gypsum into the filler causes pets to carry it around the living space, as well as gypsum dust, which enters the animals' airways and thus endangers their lives.

An evaluation of the known formulations of pet toilet sand pellets has shown that the raw materials and additives used to make the pellets of the toilet, which are harmful to the health of the pet and the environment, and increase the technology of making them.

The pet animal (cat) toilet sand granulate composition 5 [6], anhydrous calcium sulphate (CaSO ₄ ) and smectite-type clays (sodium and calcium bentonite) in the following proportions, by weight:

Calcium sulphate (CaSO ₄ ) 50-80

Smectite clay 20-50.

Disadvantage of the Invention: Because CaSO ₄ readily binds to moisture in clays to form 10 dusty calcium sulfate pushate (CaSO ₄ '0.5H ₂ O), it can cause health damage, even fatal, when it enters the airways of pets and hardens. consequences. In addition, the disadvantage of this composition is that the composition is characterized by a relatively low water absorption capacity (up to 110%) and imported raw materials (smectite clay), which increases the product's cost price and lowers its added value.

The aim of the invention is to develop a sorbent based on local Latvian raw materials with increased moisture and unpleasant odor sorption capacity, pellet shape retention after moistening, as well as being environmentally friendly and economical and convenient and hygienic for keeping cats in city apartments.

For the production of sorption pellets, the basic raw material used is Latvian Triassic clay, for example, Vadakste deposit clay, binder, as well as an antifouling agent,% by weight:

Triassic clay 98.00-98.90

Carboxymethylcellulose (binder) 1.00 - 1.80

Dust Prevention Agent (Wood Processing Product) 0.11-0.20.

The patented composition of sorption pellets differs from the known in that Latvian granular clays, consisting of 45% clay fraction, 35-45% aleurite fraction, 10-20% sand, are used for the production of granules. Latvian Triassic clays are common in the southwestern part of Latvia. They are found on the banks of the Venta tributaries Vadakste, Zāņa, Loša, Skutele and have been found in several wells. The main distribution areas of the Triassic sediments are near Rucava, south of Pampāle, in the lower reaches of Zana around Nīgrandi and Grieze, as well as in the vicinity of Jaunauce, Rubas and Vadakste. By its chemical composition and properties, Triassic clays differ significantly from other types of Latvian clays. Their clay fraction consists of 70% montmorillonite with 10-15% illite up to a few percent kaolinite and chlorite. The chemical composition of Triassic clays is relatively variable: SiO ₂ 50-60%,

Al ₂ O ₃ 9-12%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 3-7%, CaO 8-11%, MgO 2-3%, SO ₃ to 0.3%, Na ₂ O 0.2-0.6%, K ₂ O 2.2-2.7%, P ₂ O ₅ to 0.2% [7j.

The patented composition of sorption pellets also differs from the known use of carboxymethylcellulose and an antifouling agent, a wood-based product containing hemicellulose, lignin-containing substances and wood extracts. 75-80% consists of hemicellulose, 10-12% lignin, lignin-carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose monomers 10-15%. Lignin-carbohydrate complexes are represented as lignin and polysaccharides, which have an etheric bond between the D-glucuronic acid and the phenylpropane moiety of the lignin.

The process for making sorption pellets is based on the following steps: crushing the raw materials 10; dosing of raw materials; component mixing; mass granulation; drying pellets.

The experimental specimens were determined for their performance: water absorption; sphericity, density and pH of the environment. Sample density and water absorption were determined according to a standard [8]. The ability to form a ball is estimated by a 5 - point system and shown in Figure 1.

in the table.

.table

Evaluation of the ability to form a ball

Evaluation Description 1 During the test, the ball collapses into small pieces without recognizable strength characteristics. 2 The ball breaks into various smaller pieces during the test, but the pieces are durable enough. 3 After the test, the ball remains in one piece but slight degradation is observed at the edges of the sample 4 After inspection, the ball remains in one piece with little or no degradation. 5 After the test the ball remains in one piece, very hard, without any degradation

The results obtained prove that the patented composition of sorption pellets is suitable as an absorbent for cat urine, excrement and odors caused by it, because it does not form dusty substances and the formed ball does not cause problems with its utilization in the sewage system.

Examples of sorption pellet compositions of experimental samples are summarized in Table 2.

The performance of the experimental samples compared to the prototype is summarized in Table 3.

It has been experimentally found that without the addition of binders and antifouling agents, the granules have a water absorption capacity of up to 75%, a density of up to 0.8 g / cm ³ and a bead formation capacity (Tables 2 and 3, Composition 1).

Table 2

Composition of sorption granules based on Latvian Triassic clays

Granulu composition sign Containing components,% by weight Latvian Triassic clay Binder CaSO ₄ Bentomts, smectitis Anti-dust agent 1 100.00 - - - - 2 98.89 1.00 - - 0.11 3 98.00 1.80 - - 0.20 Prototype (EP No. 118266) 50-80 20-50

Table 3

Performance properties of sorption pellets based on Latvian Triassic clays

Granulu composition sign Performance properties of sorption pellets Water sorption,% by weight Density, g / cm ³ Environmental pH Kamola building ability average size, mm 1 75 0.80 7.50 1 2.00-3.00 2 170 0.95 8.00 4 2.00-3.00 3 160 1.00 8.50 3 2.00-3.00 Prototype (EP 118266) 110 0.80-1.00 7.00-9.00 > 5 0.50-6.00

Compared to the prototype, the patented composition is characterized by a higher water absorption of 160-170 wt. When introduced into the prototype CaSCU, it readily binds clay water and forms very hard spheres (construction gypsum), which practically causes problems for their utilization. with suitable properties. In addition, the composition of sorption pellets is of high added value because it is based on local Latvian raw materials. Its production will contribute to the creation of additional jobs and employment.

LITERATURE USED:

1. Lakevics V., Berzina - Cimdina L., Ruplis A, Pelšs J. Sorption properties of Latvian clays and environmental protection survey. Materials of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference Environment. Technology. Resources. Vol.l, RU, 2009, pp.222227.

2. IlaT. RU, N ° 2153252, ο. A01K1 / 015, Xmm3 O.H., EpeMOHKHHa H.M., CupoMaxa «OnanoBMH HanojiHHTejifc TyajieTOB '. 2000

3. Pat. US # 5101771, Int.cl. A01KI / 015, G. Robert Goss. "Animal litter vvith biodegradable clumping agent". 1992.

4. Pat. US # 5469809, Intel. A01K29 / 00, Douglas Coleman. «Non dusting clumping animal litter». 1995.

5. IlaT. RU N ° 2127041, kyi. A01K1 / 015, MaTBeeBa JIT., OeņaeB /1.Φ., Jlihhjiob A.A., KaMoeeBa Ρ.Γ., MaTsees H.O., Υπβχηοβ B.H., KonņpaTeHKO H.H., ManbiraH A.B. rHraeHimecKHH Hanorairrejib ņnna Komanbero iyaneTa. 1999

6. Pat. EP 1 118 266, Int.cl. AOlKl / 015, Biagi Sandoro. "A granular absorbent material for pet litter". 2000

7. Course V, Stinkule A. «Minerals of Latvia». LU: Riga, 1997.

8. Latvian National Standard LVS EN 1097-6: 2002, "Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption".

Claims (2)

1. Sorption granules containing clay and binder, characterized in that they contain triaxial clays, carboxymethylcellulose binder and additionally contain a dust-removing agent, as follows: 5 parts by weight, triaxial clays 98.00-98.89%, anti-dusting agent 0.11-0.20% and binder carboxymethylcellulose 1.00-1.80%. The sorption granules according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anti-dusting agent contains the following components by weight: hemicellulose 75-80%, lignin 10-12%, lignin-carbohydrate complexes and hemicellulose monomers 10-15. %.