LV14007B - Axial magnetic flux generator/motor with permanent magnets - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention is related to electric machine industry, precisely - to multipolar brushless electric energy generators and motors that can be used in wind, hydro, electric transport, auto-moto etc. power industries. The goal of the invention is to increase efficiency of axial flux electric generators/motors with advanced rotors (10) geometry, which provides minimized weight, lower starting moment and better cooling, as well as optimized stator (11) and rotational axis (12) construction. The generator/motor consists of two rotors (10), stator (11) and rotation axis (12) with bearing (8), which is filled with ceramic antifriction addition and air gaps (9) between stator (11) and rotors (10). Powerful permanent magnets (1) are situated on the rotors (10) with outer profile (6) made as regular polygon accordingly to the number of magnets (1) and inside manufactured holes (3), so that magnetic flux is oriented parallel to the generator/motor axis (12). Stator (11) which is made of electric field non-conducting material, is located between the rotor (10) discs and consists of coils (2) with special trapezium geometry situated windings, where as a result of alternating magnetic field flux created by rotor (10) magnets (1) motion, electromotive force induces according to electromagnetic induction law by Faraday.

Description

§7) Summary: The invention relates to the electrical machinery industry, more particularly to multi-pole contactless power generators and motors which can be used in wind, hydro, auto, moto, etc. energy sectors. The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of axial flow generators / motors by improving the geometry of the rotors (10), which ensures minimized weight and reduced torque, as well as better ventilation and optimization of the stator (11) and rotation axis (12). The generator / motor consists of two rotors (10), a stator (11), a rotary shaft (12) with a bearing (8) filled with a ceramic antifriction additive and air gaps (9) between the stator (11) and the rotors (10). On the rotors (10), whose outer profile (6) is a regular polygon according to the number of magnets (1) and internally formed holes (3), strong permanent magnets (1) are arranged so that their magnetic field flow is parallel to the generator / motor. asij (12). A stator (11) made of non-electric field conducting material is disposed between the discs of the rotors (10) and consists of spools (2) with windings arranged in a special trapezoidal geometry in which the magnetic field (1) of the rotor (10) electromotive force according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Axial magnetic flux generator / motor with permanent magnets

Description of the Invention

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the electrical machinery industry, more particularly to multi-pole contactless power generators and motors that can be used in wind, hydro, transport, automotive, moto, etc. energy sectors.

Analysis of prior art

Thanks to the development of ever more powerful permanent magnet manufacturing over the last decades, electric machines with permanent magnets have become more widely used. As far as axial flow generators and motors are concerned, it is first necessary to define what exactly is meant by the term "axial flow". In this text, the term "axial flow" is defined as the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets and parallel to the generator / motor rotation axis.

The principles of operation of axial flow electric machines can be found in ZhangZ., Profumo F., and Tonconi A. (1996), "Axial flux versus radial flux permanent magnet motors, therefore they are not discussed in detail. The state of the art to date is also reflected in European Patent Application EP 1304790 Al and International Patent Application WO 92/20131. The manufacture of this type of electrical machinery is complex and requires complex industrial equipment, which increases the cost of the production process. Their financial and energy efficiency can be increased.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved axial flow electric generator / motor with a simpler and less expensive manufacturing process, improved rotor (10) geometry for minimized weight, reduced torque and better ventilation as well as optimized design of stator (11) and rotary axis (12). , increasing the efficiency of the electric machine.

Description of drawings

The invention is illustrated in the following drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a front view of a rotor disk with magnets; Fig. 2 showing a static with a coil in front view; Fig. 3 an overview of the generator / motor with Fig. 1 is shown. 2 and FIG. a side view of the stator shown; Fig. 4 the cross-section of the stator coils is shown.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The invention is an electric generator / motor with permanent magnets (1) consisting of two rotors (10), a stator (11), a rotary shaft (12) with a bearing (8) and air gaps (9) and a stator (11) and rotors. (10). The magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets (1) is directed parallel to the axis of rotation (12). The invention can be used as a three-phase power generator by attaching to the external rotor a wind or hydroturbine blade or by applying any other type of mechanical energy. The invention can be used as a three-phase electric motor in the field of electric transport, mechanical engineering or any other required field by supplying three-phase alternating current to the stator coils (2). The rotational frequency of the motor will directly depend on the ac frequency supplied.

The base discs (4) of the rotors (10) are made of a magnetic material of high magnetic permeability to which the permanent magnets (1) are mechanically fixed. One of the aims of the invention was to reduce the starting moment of the generator / motor. This is partly achieved by special rotor geometry. The outer profile of the rotor (6) is formed as a regular polygon according to the number of magnets (1), where N = 2-S (N is the number of polygonal corners; S is the number of magnets). optimum material utilization, minimized weight, as well as excellent generator / motor ventilation, which is critical for high working currents.

The permanent magnets (1) on the discs (4) of the rotor (10) are arranged alternately with adjacent magnets (1) facing opposite poles parallel to the axis of rotation (12) to obtain the maximum magnetic field value in the gap (9). rotors (10) (at stator location), thereby achieving maximum induction of EDS in stator (11) turns. The characteristics of the rotors (10) described above provide a significant reduction in mass for the proposed electric machine, as well as "improving" radial mass distribution, thereby minimizing the moment of inertia (the moment of inertia directly dependent on rotational body mass and its radial distribution). Screw holes (7) are arranged around the central axis of the rotor disk (10) for fixing both rotors (10) to the bearing (8) with screws (13).

The stator (11) is made of non-conductive material to prevent the induction of eddy currents therein, which would cause heat loss, i.e. loss of efficiency. The material of the stator (11) is impregnated with wire windings (14) which induce EDS (electric motor)

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction (E = -—). However, if a conductive body is placed in a variable magnetic field dt (the primary field), the eddy electric field induced therein will produce secondary currents, the corresponding electric volume density vectors j of which will also be eddy, and the corresponding current lines will be enclosed inside the conductor. These currents are also called Fuko currents. The magnetic field generated by these induced currents reduces the primary magnetic field. The induced current can become so large that its magnetic field completely compensates for the magnetic field of the primary current inside the body. To maximize the effect described above, each strand (14) of the stator (11) coils (2) consists of a plurality of mutually insulated high-quality copper strands (17) which are twisted together to form a single strand (14). In electrical engineering, this principle is widely known and is called the .lithium wire geometric principle. For a more detailed description of the ". Licendrate" principle, see Terman, Frederick E., "Radio Engineers'HandbookE", p. 37, and practically any other electronics manual. In order to increase the conversion of useful mechanical energy into electricity, reduce heat loss and increase the efficiency of the proposed generator / motor, the windings (14) of the stator (11) coils (2) are arranged in a special trapezoidal geometry instead of round or square coils. , wire turns (14) form coils (2) with equilateral trapezoidal geometry. The side edges of the equal sides of these coils (2) are directed radially to the axis of rotation (12) and are parallel to the radial sides of the magnets (1) of the rotors (10). This arrangement of the windings allows for the maximum possible change in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets (1) directly in the direction perpendicular to the current circuit, which is a necessary condition for obtaining the induction EDS. This increases the useful surface area, the length of the twists, resulting in a greater induced electric motor force at a smaller wire length compared to conventional generators, which in turn means less wire resistance (the resistance is proportional to the wire length: R = ^ -). Lower resistance to winding results in less wasteful dissipation of energy in the form of heat (the amount of heat dissipated by the Joule-Lenz law is QI ² R), thereby increasing the conversion of useful mechanical energy into electricity and increasing the efficiency of the proposed generator / motor. It has been observed empirically that the optimum geometry of the stator (11) coils (2) relative to the rotor (10) magnets (1) can be achieved if the ratio of the stator (11) coils (2) to a single rotor (10) magnet ( 1) The number is 3: 4. The material of the stator (11) includes holes (15) for securing it with screws (16).

A static stator (11) and two movable rotors (10) are mounted on the generator / motor shaft (12) on each side of the stator (11). The rotors (10) are mounted on filled bearings (8) filled with CERAMIZER ® or other ceramic antifriction additive (for a closer examination of the ceramic additive, see Jerzy Tomaszewski and Jozef Drewniak in Toothed Gear Seizing), thereby significantly reducing friction. This innovation significantly:

• Improves rotation of rotor (10) • Reduces mechanical resistance • Reduces heat loss • Reduces wear on moving parts.

As a result, the operating costs of the generator / engine are reduced, including the mechanical power required to cut the generator / engine, which is very important in industries such as wind power, where rotation of the generator at low wind speeds is desirable.

The air gap (9) between the stator (11) and the rotor (10) is made as narrow as possible (~ 1mm) to obtain the maximum magnetic field intensity in the windings (14) of the stator (11), i.e. the maximum permanent magnet (1). ), as the rotors (10) rotate relative to the windings (14) of the stator (11).

Fields of application of the invention

The invention can be used in virtually any sector of the economy that requires efficient power generators or motors with high efficiency, ease of manufacture, compact dimensions and low cost. particular emphasis should be placed on the energy sector, such as wind power, which requires compact, easy-to-install and serviceable generators with a minimum of torque to achieve power generation at low wind speeds. Electric vehicles are also a topical application of the invention, as this segment requires compact (both size and weight) high torque electric motors at minimal revs as well as high power / weight ratios. In the field of electric transport, regenerative braking is increasingly used (when a vehicle is braked, an electric generator is used which converts the braking kinetic energy into electric energy in the battery), where this type of motor / generator is particularly advantageous. Extensive applications of the invention are also possible in hydro, auto, moto, etc. energy sectors, replacing existing generators and motors.

Claims (8)

Sources of information: 1. Muiznieks A. Addendum to the Lecture Course in General Physics, Electromagnetism ”. Riga: University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Department of Physics, 2004. 2. V. Popov, S. Nikolayev Electrical Engineering. Riga: The Star, 1971. 3. ZhangZ., Profumo F., Tonconi A. Axial flux versus radial flux permanent magnet motors. Springer, 1996. 4. Terman, Frederick E. Radio Engineers' Handbook. McGraw-Hill, 1943. 5. Arkady Illarionov, Nikolay Levin, Eugene Ostapenko, Yuri Rollik Non-contact generator, LV patent 11930 B, 1997. 6. Van Tichelen Paul, Peeters Eef, An axial flux permanent magnet generator / motor, EP application 1304790 Al, 2003. 7. PCT Patent Application WO 92/20131, LYNCH Leo A, etc., Axial gap dual permanent magnet generator, 1992. Claims Axial magnetic flux generator with permanent magnets, characterized in that the outer profile (6) of the rotor (10) is designed as a regular polygon with a number of corners N corresponding to the magnet (1), in order to reduce the generating moment of the generator for S, where N = 2 · S. 2. A generator according to claim 1, characterized in that "holes" (3) are located inside the generator rotors (10) for optimum material utilization, minimizing weight, and improving generator ventilation, which is very important at large operating currents. 3. A generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnets (1) on the discs of the rotor (10) are arranged in segments between said regular polygon and the circular lines described in the rotation of said "hole" so that adjacent magnets are directed with opposite poles parallel to the axis of rotation. Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (11) is made of non-conductive material. Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each winding of the stator (11) coils (2) consists of a plurality of mutually insulated high-quality copper wires (17) which are twisted together to form a single winding (14). Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the windings (14) of the stator (11) coils (2) are arranged in a special trapezoidal geometry, i.e. the windings (14) form a coil (2) with an equilateral trapezoidal cross section, the lateral edges of said equilateral side-runners being directed radially to the axis of rotation and parallel to the radial sides of the rotor magnets (1). Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the number of coils (2) of the stator (11) to the number of magnets (1) of one rotor is equal to 3: 4. Generator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotors (10) are disposed on bearings (8) filled with a ceramic antifriction additive.