LV12743B - Energy converter producing mechanical and/or electric energy by use of cavitation - Google Patents

Abstract

An invention refers to the energy converters (hereinafter referred to as the power installations) that at the expense of energy to be excited by a cavitation's generator in any liquid medium (hereinafter referred to as the liquid) convert energy from one kind to another, in particular, the energy of permanent magnet, electromagnet, any other magnetic elements, piston, turbine, rotor, etc. (hereinafter referred to as the movable element which carries out reciprocating, rotary, vibrating or other kind of movements hereafter referred to as the oscillations) convert into the mechanical and/or electrical energy; furthermore, the movable element either contains the liquid inside itself or is, constantly or not constantly, completely or partially, immersed into the liquid, or any of their surfaces, constantly and/or not constantly, adjoin thereto. Two variants of the power installations are described: 1) converting the oscillations of the movable element into mechanical energy (fig.1); 2) converting the oscillations of the movable element into electrical energy (fig.2). The power installation shown in figure annexed consists of the following elements: cylinder block (1); movable elements that are pistons (2 and 3), in which there are permanent magnets (4 and 5), as well as cavities (6 and 7) in which there is the liquid and which are hermetically closed above by semi-permeable diaphragms (25 and 26); a capitation's generator consisting of pulse generator (22), power amplifier (21), output power regulator (20), electronic commutators (18 and 19), which ensure the necessary periodicity and duration of operation of radiators (12 and 13) on the basis of signals from magnetic transducers (14, 15, 16 and 17); power source (23) providing the cavitation's generators with energy: device converting the oscillations of the movable elements into mechanical energy consisting of connecting rods (8 and 9), crankshaft (10) and flywheel (11); switch (24). The power installation shown in figure converts reciprocation of pistons (2 and 3) by means of connecting rods (8 and 9), crankshaft (10) and flywheel (11) into mechanical energy at the expense of the cavitation's energy to be excited by the cavitation's generator in the liquid being in cavities (6 and 7) of pistons (2 and 3). Flywheel (11) is used to reduce unevenness of gyration of crankshaft (10). As a cavitation's generator is used a hydroacoustic vibrator with pulse-focused sound wave radiation in an ultrasonic band, the construction and the principle of operation of which are similar, for example, to the cavitation's generator that used in the Villard experimental installation.

Description

1 LV 12743

IIPE0EPA30BATEJIL · 3ΗΕΡΓΗΗ, BblPAEATblBAIOIlllft MEXAHHMECKYK) HJIH ΒΛΕΚΤΡΗΜΕΟΚΥΙΟ 3ΗΕΡΓΗΚ) C HCII0JIb30BAHHEM KABHTAIHH 06τ »βκτοΜ H3o6peTeHH« aBaaerca npeo6pa3oeaTejib 3HeprHH, Aajiee - "SHepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa". 3HepreTHnecKaa ymHOBKa othocthtch k o6aac ™ ΓΗΛρΒΒΛΗπεοκΗχ MauiHH, KOTOpue 3a CNET KaBHTauHH, B036yataaeM0H cneuHanbHbiM ycTpoficTBOM, aajiee - 'TeHepaTop KaBHTauHH "b KaKoii-.nn6o MCHiiKOH cpeae, aaaee -" ΤΚΗΛκοσα "npeo6pa3yioT b MexaHHHecKyio h / hjih 3JieKTpn4ecKyio 3HeprnK) B03BpaTHO- nocTynaTeabHoe, BpamaTejibHoe, BHēpaiiHOHHoe hjih ηηογο poaa ΛΒΗ "(βΗΗβ, aaaee -" Kojie6aHHa "nopuiHa, Potop, Typ6HHbi, iuiacTHH ηλη MeM6paH, npHHUHn AeficTBHfl κοτορωχ ocHoeaH Ha npaMOM ribe303JieKTpHHecK0M 3φφεκτε (B03HHKH0B6HHe 3JieKipHHecKHx 3apaaoB Ha noBepxHOCTH a missing, noflBeprHyToro MexaHHHecKOH ΑβφορΜβΙΙΗΗ) ManiHTa, 3JieKTpOMarHHTa, KaTyiHKH HHflyKTHBHOCTH (c MarHHTOnpOBOaOM HJIH 6e3) KaKHx-jiH6o apyrnx 3JieMeHTOB μλγηητηοη πεπΗ η.τ.π., aaaee - "Πολβημοιηη 3JieMeHT" KOTOpbIH (ΠΟΑΒΗΧΗΜΗ 3ΛβΜβΗΤ) ΛΗ6θ COflepjKHT) KHflKOCTb BHyTpH Ce6 ", jIh6o nOCTOHHHO HJIH He nocToaHHO nojiHOCTbio hjih nacTHHHO norpyxceH b) KHiiKOCTb, jih6o ποοτοηηηο h / hjih He iioctohhho conpHKOcaerca c Hefl Jiio6oh (jioabiHH) H3 cbohx noBepxHOCTefi. JLN * npeo6pa3oeaHHa KojieāaHHH Πολβη > κηογο sjieMenra b BbixoflHyio 3HeprHio b SHepreranecKoS ycTaHOBKe Hcnojib3yeTca cneunajībHoe ycrpoHCTBo, najiee - "IIpHcnoco6jieHHe, npeo6pa3yiomee Kojie6aHHH Ποαβηχηογο sjieMeirra b MexaHHMecKyio h / hjih 3JieiopHHecKyK) 3ΗβρΓΗΙθ". ΠροτοτΗΠΟΜ SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH aBJiacrca aBHrareab BHjrrpeHHero cropaHHa [1], .aajiee - “ΠροτοτΗπ”. Προτο-πιπ npeacraBJiaeT co6oh TenjiOBofi aBHrareab, b κοτοροΜ nacTb χΗΜΗΗεοκοί} 3HeprHH ToiuiHBa, cropaiomero b pa6oneH nojiocTH, npeo6pa3yeTca b MexaHHHecKyio 3Hepn «o nocpeacTBOM Coae6aHHH Πολβη * ηογο 3JieMem: a. ΠοοΒΗΚΗίαε saeMeHTbi b ΠροτοτΗπε coBHepujatoT KojieSaHHH ΒΗγτρΗ 6jiOK UHjiHHapoB, aaaee - "Kopnyc". B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT THI ΠθΑΒΜ > ΚΗΟΓΟ 3JieMeHTa ΠρΟΤΟΤΗΠ ΜΟ) ΚβΤ 6bITb nOpUIHeBbIM, pOTOpHbIM, Typ6HHHbIM, HeadKTHBHbIM, KOMČHHHpOBaHHblM Η Τ.Π. ΛΒΗΓ8ΤεΛεΜ. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT rana Πολβη * ηογο ajieMeHTa, difference Kojie6aHHa, xaK npaBHJio, ΗΜβιοτ φορ ^ B03BpaTH0-nocTynaTejibHoro ηλη BpamaTeabHoro ΛΒΗΐκεΗΗΜ. Βηλ ΠρΗΟποοοβΛβΗΗΗ, npeo6pa3yomero Koae6aHHH Πολβη) κηογο aneMema b MexaHHHecKyio h / hjih 3aeKTpHMecKyK) 3HeprHK >, 33bhcht ot rana Πολβη * ηογο aaeMeHTa. E.g. nopuiHeeoM b aBHraTeae b Kanecrae Πρηοποοο6λ6ηηη, npeo6pa3yioiiiero Kone6aHHa Πολβη > κηογο aaeMeHTa b MexaHHHecicyio η / ηλη 3aeKTpHHecKyio 3HeprHio, Hcnoab3yioTca iuaTyHbi, κολθηηβτβιη EAN η μβχοβηκ. B KanecTBe τοπληβλ b ΠροτοτΗπε name ecero Hcnoab3yeTca cneuHanbHbiM o6pa30M noarToaneHHoe iseBoaopoflHoe cbipbe (6eH3HH, ΛΗ3εΛΒΗοε τοπληβο, ra3 η τ.π.). Kax npaBHJio, b KanecTBe HCTOHHHKa 3HeprHH, o6ecneHHBaiowero pa6oiy Bcex 6λοκοβ shorthand, flannel - “Hctohhhk 3HeprHH”, HCΠOΛb3yeτca aKKyMyaaTopHaa SaTapea η 3ΛεκτροΜεχ3ΗΗπεοκΗΗ reHepaTop. AKKyMyjiaTopHaa 6aTapea, Kax npaBnao, ΗΒΛχετοΗ nycKOBbiM hctohhhkom 3ΗερτΗΗ (οβεεπεΗΗΒΛετ πΗΤ3ΗΗε βοεχ 6λοκοβ ripoTorana β μομβητ difference 3anycica). B ^ of aBaaioujeM 6oabuieHCTBe caynaeB b KanecTBe ochobhoto (pa6oHero) ηοτοηηηκβ SHeprHH BbKrrynaeT 3ΛεκτροΜεχ3ΗΗΗεεκΗΗ reHepaTop, κοτορΜΗ οβεοπεΗΗΒβετ nHTaHHe Bcex 6λοκοβ ΠροτοτΗΠΛ NOCA ero 3anycxa 3a οπετ OT6opa nacTH MexaHHnecKOH 3HeprHH, Bbipa6aTbiBaeMOH ΠροτοτΗΠΟΜ. HeaocTaTKaMH IIpoTOTHna aeaajOTca caeayJOiUHe φακτω 1) Hcnoab3yeMoe b KanecTBe τοπληββ yrneeoaopoaHoe cbipbe aBaaeTca Heeo3o6HOBJiaeMbiM πρκροΛΗΗΜ pecypcoiw, 3anacbi κοτοροΓο Ha naaHeTe ρε3κο coKpauiatoTca, whereby to yace cefinac aeaaeT aicryaribHbiM iiohck aribTeph3thbhbix βηλοβ τοπληβ8 η / ηλη anbTepHaTHBHbix 3HepreTHMecKHx ycT3HOBOK; 2) Hcnoab30BaHHe ^ BHraTeaeii BHyTpeHHero cropaHHa, taOoTaHH na ymeBoaopoaHOM τοπΛΗΒε, HaHOCHT orpoMHbifi et al. OKpy > KaK) MeH cpeae. Η3θ6ρετεΗΗε Η3πρ3ΒΛεΗ0 Ha pemeHHe ιάπ, άηη co3aaHHa anbTepHaTHBHoro 3κοΛθΓΗΗεεκκ 6e3onacHoro npeo6pa30BaTeaa 3HeprHH, jxna pa6oTbi κοτοροτο He Tpe6yeTca yraeBoaopoflHoe τοπληβο, η κοτορΜΗ Μ05κετ Hcnoab30BaTbca bo Bcex εφερ3χ aeaTeabHocTH πεΛΟΒεκΒ. ΤεχΗΗπεεκκΜ pe3yΛbτaτoM Η3θβρετεΗΗΛ aeaaeTca 3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa, KOTOpaa aBBaeTca 3Κ0Λ0ΓΗΗεεκΗ 6e3onacHbiM hctohhhkom MexaHHHecKOH η / ηλη 3ΛεκτρΗπεοκοΗ 3HeprHH 3a CNET τογο, whereby to Koae6aHHa Πολβη * ηογο 3ΛεΜεΗΤ3 ocy ^^ ecτBΛaκ) τca He 3a οπετ 2 ΧΗΜΗΗβοκοΗ aHeprHH, BbiaenaeMOĪi b npouecce cropaHHH yrjieBO, aopoaHoro Tonjinea, a 3a cneT KaBHTauHH, B036y * flaeM0H ΓeHepaTopoM KaBHTauHH β κβκοη-λη6ο) Κηλκοοτη, 3anHTOH BHyTpb Brain η / ηλη BHyipb Πολβηηοιογο 3jieMeHTa. B KanecTBe JKhakocth b SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKe Μθ > κετ Hcnonb30BaTbca nioSa HCHaKaa cpea, HanpHMep, eoaa, KOTopaa aBJiaerca B03o6HOBJiaeMbiM η ιιΐΗροκο pacnpocTpaHeHHbiM npHpoflHbiM pecypcoM. 3HepreTHHecKa ycTaHOBKa cnoco6Ha Bbipa6aTbiBaTb MexaHHHecKyio h / hjih 3jieinpHMecKyK) 3Heprmo b ηιοβκχ ο6ί > £ μβχ h Moacer 6biTb Hcnonb30BaHa bo Bcex c < e) epax eiTejibHOCTH HenoBeKa.

KaBHTauaa - npouecc o6pa30BaHHa β JKhukocth NYCT (KaBHTaiļHOHHbix ny3bipbKOB) b pe3yabTaTe jioKajībHoro noHHacemia β Hen aaBJieHHa, κοτοροε Moacer npoHCXOAHTb jih6o πρκ yBenHHeHHH ee cicopocTH (rHapoaHHaMHHecKaa KaBHTaHHa) jih6o πρκ npoxoacaeHHH nepe3 Hee aKycTHHecKOH bojihm bo BpeMa nojiynepHona pa3pa > KeHHX (aKycTHHecKaa KaBHTauna) jih6o 3a CHeT JioKajībHoro BbiaeneHHa Tenjia πρκ HarpoeaHHH > Κηλκοοτη, λη6ο 3a cneT eEnGeHHH HaCTHUaMH BbICOKHX SHeprHH, HanpHMep 3JieKTpOHaMH. Heo6xOflHMbIM yCJIOBHeM flJia B03HHKH0BeHHa tcaBHTauHH aBJiaeTca pa3pbiB CBa3ei Me »my MoneicynaMH) Κηλκοοτη. JJjih 3τογο ΗβοδχοΛΗΜΟ coBepuiHTb onpenejieHHyK > pa6oTy, eHeHHHHaCThHHHHaHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCHHTHH. BenHHHHbi paarHBaiomroi HanpaaceHHH Me > Kay MOJieKynaMH 5Khukocth 33bhcht ot BHaa DKhchakocth, a Taione ot THna h KOJiHHecTBa HaxoaaiuHxca b Hefi npHMecen. Hρπ stom, ηθμ MeHbine BenHHHHa pacraniBaiomHX Hanpa * eHHH Meamy MoneKynaMH JKhukocth, τβΜ MeHbiuyio pa6oTy ΗβοδχοΛΗΜΟ coBepuiHTb nna hx pa3pbiBa, a οοοτΒετοτΒβΗΗΟ - aaa B036yHmeHna KaBHTauHH. BenHHHHa pa6o Tbi, coeepuiaeMOH no B036yacaeHHio KaBHTauHH, TaioKe yMeHbuiaeTca c yBejiHneHHeM KonHnecTBa npHMecen, coflepacaiuHxca b ^ Chukocth. 3to CBa3aHO c τβΜ, ητο β Μβοτβχ κοητβκτβ MOJieKyn) Khukocth c npHMecaMH pacTarHBaiouiHe HanpaaceHHa 3HanHTenbHO MeHbine. Tbkhm o6pa30M, πρκ He6ojibuiOM npHJioaceHHH 3HeprHH H3 BHe momcho noHTHca o6pa3oeaHHa nycTOT (KaBHTauHOHHbix ny3bipbKOB) β MecTax KOHTaicra Monexyn > Khakocth c npHMecaMH. OaHaKO He Bce npHMecH cnoco6cTByiOT B03HHKH0BeHHK > KaBHTauHH, a eggbko HecMaHHBaeMbie TBepabie nacTHUbi h ra30o6pa3Hbie npHMecH. hemeMaMacb H3 o6nacra noHHaceHHORA uHaHeHHa β o6jiacTb c 6onee bhcokhm aeneHHeM hjih bo BpeMa noaynepHaaa cacaTHa, KaBHTauHOHHbie ny3bipbKH cxjionbiBaiOTca. Poct, catarae h cxjionwBaHHe κββητβηηοηηβιχ ny3bipbKOB npeucTaBJiaioT co6oh aocTaTOHHO cbohchmh η βΒίοτροτβΗΗΗΗ npouecc, onHCbiBaeMbiii ypaBHeHHaMH UBHaceHH Aunt c πβρβΜβΗΗοκ Maccofi. CxnonbiBaHHe κ3βητ3ηηοηημχ ny3bipbKOB conpoeoamaeTca 3ByKOBbiMH HMnynbcaMH h rHapaenHHecKHMH yaapaMH. SHepraa rHflpaBJiHHecKoro yaapa o / ļHoro cxnonHyBUieroca ny3bipbKa He BenHKa, oflHaKO, yHHTbiBaa tot (ļmKT, ητο β KaacnoM -1 o6nacTH KaBHTauHH motjt onHOBpeMeHHO cymecTBOBaTb MHnnHOHbi t3khx ny3bipbKOB, rnupaBnHHecKHe yaapbi, co3uaeaeMbie KaacabiM H3 hhx HaicnaabiBaioTca apyr Ha npyra, ητο npHBOflHT κ cymecTBeHHOMy yBenHHeHHio 3HeprHH cyMMapHoro runpaBjiuMecKoro yuapa. SHepraa τβκηχ rHnpaBjiHHecKHx ynapoe NAUI ECER HMeeT pa3pyuiHTenbHbiH xapaicrep, nocKonbKy cnoco6Ha pa3pyuiHTb nio6oe, NAAC oneHb npoHHoe, Teno hjih BeiuecTBO, nonaemee b o6nacTb KaBHTauHH (3το η βηητμ Μοροκκχ cyuoB h nnoTHHbi rHnpoaneKTpocTaHUHH η τ.π.) [2] B npennaraeMOH ace SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKe 3Hepraa KaBHTauHH Hcnonb3yeTca c nonb30H - ana B036y * aeHHa h noaaepacaHna He3aTyxaK > iuHx Kone6aHHfl Πολβηη (ηογο aneMeHTa. SHepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa η Προτοτκπ ημθιοτ cneayioiUHe o6mne npH3HaKH 1) Kopnyc 2) ΠθΛΒΗ > ΚΗωΗ 3JieMeHT, KOTopbift coeepuiae T Machine6aHna BHyTpH Kopnyca; 3) Hctohhhk 3HeprHH; 4) ripHcnoco6neHHe, npeo6pa3yioiuHe Kone6aHHa Πολβη * ηογο aneMema β MexaHHHecKyio Η / κηκ 3neKTpHHecKyio 3HeprHio. 3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa OTnHHaeTca ot npOTorana τβΜ, ητο Kone6aHHa IloaBHacHoro 3JieMeHTa ocymecTBnaiOTca 3a CNET KaBHTauHH, KOTopaa B036yacaaeTca ΓeHepaTopoM KaBHTauHH b) Khukocth, 3annTOH BHyrpb Kopnyca η / ηπη BHyrpb Πολβη »ηογο aneMeHTa.

TaKHM o6? 2) Πολβηηοιμη aneMeHT, κοτορωκ coBepuiaeT KojiehaHHa bhjtph Kopnyca; 3) ΓeHepaTop KaBHTaiiHH, B036y »yiaioiiiHH icaBHTauHio b JKhiikocth, 3ajiHTOH ΒΗγτρι» Cowhide / BHyTpb Πολβη > κηογο 3JieMeHTa; 4) Hctohhhk 3HeprHH, o6ecneHHBaiomHH πκτβΗΗβ TeHepaTopa κββητβπηη, a npH Heo6xo ^ HMOcTH - η iuiTaHHe jipyrHx 6iokob SHepreTHHecKOft ycTaHOBKH; 5) IHHnCoCoGneHHe, npeo6pa3yiomHe Kojie6aHH «Πολβη * ηογο 3JieMem: a b MexaHHHecKyio h / hjih 3JieKTpHHecKyio 3Heprmo.

HecymecTBeHHbiMH npH3HaKaMH, κοτορωβ pa3BHBaiOT h / hjih yTOHHJUOT coBOKynHOCTb cymecTeeHHbix npH3HaKOB SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH, a TaioKe xapaKTepH3yioT 3HepreTHHecKyK) ycTaHOBKy b HacTHbix CJiyHaax, b κοΗκρβΤΗωχ φορΜ3χ HcnojiHeHHfl hjih wheel oco6bix ycjiOBHax ee Hcnojib30BaHHa, ho κοτορωβ He bjihjuot Ha o6beM npaeoBOH oxpaHbi, NPE ^ ocraBJMeMOH naTeHTOM, HBJiaiOTca; 1) KOHCTpyicmw Kopnyca (pa3Mepbi, φορΜ8, Hcnojib3yeMbie MaTepnanhi, τβχΗΟΠΟΓΗΗ η τ.π.); 2) τηπ Πολβηκηογο 3JieMeHTa (nopuieHb; ryp6HHa; ροτορ; ruiacTHHbi hjih MeMGpaHbi, πρκΗΠΗΠ AeHCTBHH KOTOpbIX 0CH0B3H Ha ΠρΒΜΟΜ nbe303JieiapHHeCKOM 3φφβΚΤβ (B03HHKH0BeHHe 3JieKTpHHeCKHX 3AP "Flobo Ha ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗ Tena ΠΟΛΒβρΓΗ) ΤΟΓΟ MexaHHHeCKOH ΛβφθρΜ8ΗΗΗ); nOCTOHHHUH MaTHHTl 3JieKTpOMarHHT; KaTHiIKi HH / iYKTHBHOCTH (C ΜΗΓΗΗΤΟΠρΟΒΟΛΟΜ HJIH 6e3) or KaKHe-jra6o volume 3JieMeHTbi μβγηητηοη uenn, HanpHMep: • pacTBopeHHbie b) Khhkocth H3Mejib < ieHHbie φβρροΜΒΤΗΗΤΗΒΐβ eemecTBa; • BbinojiHHiomHe φyHK ^ HH Πολβηικηογο ajieMema Kakha-JiH6o aeTajiH, H3rOTOBJieHHbie H3 Τ3ΚΗΧ φβρρΟΜΒΓΗΗΤΗωΧ ΜΒΤβρΗΕΠΟΒ, KOTOpbie 06jiaflai0T MarHHTOCTpHKIIHOHHbIMH CBOHCTBaMH - CnOCo6HOCTbJO H3MeHBTb BeJIHHHHy CBOefi μ3γηητηοη HH ^ yKiWH πρκ MexaHHHecKHx j ^ opMaumcc; • MeM6paHa HJIH ΛHφφy30p yCTpOHCTBa, ΠρΗΗΙΙΗΠ fleHCTBHH KOTOpOrO aHaJIOrHHeH pa6oTe 3jieicipoaKycTHHecKHx πρκβοροΒ, e.g. MeMdpaHa hjih; ηη {^ 3ορ ycTpoHCTBa, aHajioraHHoro of npHHUHny aohctbhh yjibTpa3ByKOBOMy nmpo ^ OHy, 3JieKTpoOTHaMHHecKOMy, KOnueHcaTopHOMy, nbe3O3JieicrpHHecK0My η τ.π. MHKpoφoHy; • Jiio6bie flpyrae 3JieMeHTbi μβγηητηοη uenn; jno6aH κομ6ηηβιιηη yKa3aHHbix Bbiuie ajieMeHTOB η τ.π.); 3) KOJiHHecTBO Πολβη > κημχ ajieMeHTOB, hx pa3Mepbi, φορΜΒ, Hcnojib3yeMbie MaTepnanbi, τβχΗΗΗβοκΗβ xapaKTepHCTHKH, KOHCTpyKiHaHa; HajiHHHe hjih OTcyTCTBHe MexaHHHecKOH hjih HHOfi CB33H Me) icay ΠΟΛΒΗΗίΗΒΙΜΗ 3ΙΙβΜβΗΤ3ΜΗ Η Τ.Π .; 4) τηπ KoJie6aHHii Πολβηκηογο ajieMenra (B03BpaTHO-nocTynaTejibHbiH, BpamaTejibHbift, BH6papHOHHbIH, p3JHHHOrO pona ϋβφορΜΒΙΙΗΗ ΠΟΛΒΗ5ΚΗΟΓΟ 3ϋβΜβΗΤΒ, KOMAHHHPOBaHHUH H T.fl.); xapaKTepHCTHKH KojieOaHHfl (nacTOTa, CKopocTb, aMyHyHy h hr);

5) pacnojioHceHHe Πολβηικηογο ajieMema OTHOCHTenbHO vKhukocth (Ποαβηικημη ajieMeHT ΠΟΟΤΟΗΗΗΟ HJIH He nOCTOHHHO nOJIHOCTblO HJIH HaCTHHHO norpy * EH B ^ CHflKOCTb; ΠοίΙΒΗΙΚΗΒΙΗ 3ΛβΜβΗΤ nOCTOHHHO HJIH Ηβ ΠΟΟΤΟΗΗΗΟ COnpHKaCaeTCH C) KHflKOCTbIO JIK > 6oH (JIK) 6bIMH) H3 CBOHX ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤβΗ; TKHJIKOCTb HaXOflHTCH BHyTpH IHIfBHJKHOrO 3JieMeHTa Η τ.π.); 6) βηλ) Khjikocth, b κοτοροΗ B036yxcnaeTCK κββητβιιηη, TaK »e ee e3ΗΗβςκΗβ (TeMnepaTypa, ZiaBJieHHe η τ.λ.) a TaioKe χΗΜΗίεοκκβ napaMerpb (HajiHHHe npHMecen, ηχ τηπ, kojihhcctbo h τ.π.); 7) OTcyrcTBHe hjih HajiHHHe cneimajib HOH o6pa6oncH 5Kh ^kocth (BBejieHHe npHMeceS, α6iiaiiiHX nponecc B036y > K, aeHHH κββητβιιηη η τ.π.), cnoco6i? OTcyTCTBHe hjih HajiHHHe ycTpoHCTB, o6ecneHHBaiouiHx TaKyio o6pa6oTKy ^ Chakocth; KohctpyKi; Ha τάκηχ ycTpOHCTB, Hcnojib3yeMbie MaTepnajib h h. 8) τηπμ Hcnojib3yeMbix npHMeceH (jho6oto pona χημπηθοκηθ 3JieMeHTH h / hjih BeiuecTBa b TBepaoM, ra3006pa3H0M hjih hhom arperaTHOM οοοτοηηηη; hx MOJieKyjibi, ηοημ η τ.λ.); 9) KOJiHHecTBO Hcnojib3yeMbix npHMeceft, hx PLACEHIPUHH, pa3Mepu, φορΜΒ, φΗ3ΗΗβοκΗβ, χΗΜΗΗβοκΗβ h HHbie napaMeTpu η τ.λ .; 10) o6beM, 3aHHMaeMbiH) KHflKocTbio b Kopnyce h / hjih Πολβηκηομ 3JieMeHTe (eecb οβο6οληβιη o6beM Kopnyca; nacTb o6beMa Kopnyca, orpaHHneHHoro KaKOii-JiH6o H3 ctopoh Πολβη) κηογο ajieMeHTa h BHyrpeHHHMH οτθηκβμη Kopnyca; there are the mainHHiPiO6BeM BHyrpH Πολβη > κηογο 3JieMeHTa η τ.π.); 4 11) cnoco6 nonaHH TKhukocth b Kopnyc h / hjih Πολβηηοιηη ajieMeHT (nocToaHHbiH πολβολ JKhukocth h3 BHeuiHero pe3epeyapa;) Kh4koctL · bboahtch b Kopnyc h / hjih Πολβη ^ κημη 3JI6M6HT Ha CTaflHH Η3ΓΟΤΟΒΛβΗΗΗ Η B npOIjeCCe pa6oTbI 3ΗβρΓβΤΗΗβΟΚΟΗ yCTaHOBKH He pacxoayeTca η τ.λ. ; KOHCTPYKUHA ycTpoHCTBa, o6ecneHHBaiomero nonaHy 5Khakocth b Kopnyc H / HJIH riOflBH) KHbIH 3ΛβΜβΗΤ; η τ.η.); 12) ΤΗΠ KaBHTaUHH (eCTeCTBeHHaa, 06yCJI0BJieHaa Β03ΗΗΚΗ0ΒβΗΗβΜ KaBHTaiJHOHHbIX ny3bipt > KOB b pe3y / ibTaTe Η3ΜβΗβΗΗ "xapaKTepHCTHK nona ckopocth hjih .aaBjieHHa; HCKycTBeHHaa, o6ycjiOBjieHHaa nouaneH B03, ayxa hjih apyroro ra3a b pa3paHceHHyio o6jiacTb TKhukocth; KOM6HHHpoBaHHaa η τ.π.); 13) KOJiHHecTBo reHepaTopoB κββητβιιηη; 14) τηπ ΓeHepaTopa κββητβιιηη (aKycTHHecKH0; rHupouHHaMHHecKHH; HarpeBaTejibHbif; HCTOHHHK, reHepHpyK); C (JLOKVCHpOBaHHblM HJIH HeφoκyCHpOBaHHbIM) HMnyjIbCHbIM HJIH HenpepbiBHbiM H3JiyneHHeM η τ.λ .; 15) KOHCTpyKTHBHoe HcnojiHeHHe ΓeHepaTopa κββητβιιηη (TexHHnecKHe pemeHHa h XapaKTepHCTHKH; HaJIHHHe HJIH OTCyTCTBHe UaTHHKOB, KOMMyTaTOpOB h / hjih JIpyTHX yCTpOHCTB, ynpaBJiaioinHx pa6oTofi ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTaiiHH; HajiHHHe hjih OTcyTCTBHe ycTponcTB, o6ecneHHBaiomHX peryjiHpoBaHHe napaMerpoB ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, KOHCTpyKijHa τβκηχ ycTpo0CTB η npHHiiHn ueHCTBHa; iļejiH peryjiHpoBaHHH napaMeTpoB ΓeHepaTopa κββητβηηη (& na peryjinpoBaHHa ββιχοληοη mouihocth 3HepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH; hjih co3flaHHa TaKOH o6nacTH KaBHTaiiHH, KOTopaa cnoco6Ha nepeMemaTbca BCJien 3a Kojie6aHHHMH Πολβηικηογο ajieMeHTa η ta) τηπ, kojihhcctbo h KOHCTpyKUHH H3JiynaTejieH ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTaiiHH; pa3Mepbi, φορΜ3 h MaTepnajībi, H3 κοτορΜΧ η3γοτοβιι6ημ H3JiynaTejiH; cnoco6 KpenjieHHH H3JiynaTejieH (nouBHHCHO hjih Η6πολβη > κηο no οτΗοιπβΗΗΐο κ Kopnycy, IlonBHxcHOMy 3JieMeHTy hjih npyrHM neTajiaM SHepreTHHecKofi ycTa HHBKH); pacnojioaceHHe H3JiynaTeJieH from OTHomeHHK) κ ^ Chjikocth (H3JiynaTejiH jih6o ποοτοηηηο hjih He nocTosHHO nojiHOCTbio hjih lacTHHHO norpy »ceHbi b) KHZjKOCTb, jih6o BOo6me He conpHKacaiOTca c} Κιιζικοοή >ιο); pacnonoaceHHe H3JiynaTejieH no οτηοπιθηκιο k Kopnycy, llo, UBHJKHOMy 3JieMeHTy h / hjih apyrHM ueTaJiaM 3HepreTHHecK0H ycTaHOBKH h T.a.);

16) HajiHHHe hjih oTcyTCTBHe cneuHajibHbix 3auiHTHbix noBepxHOCTe0 HJiHcneuHajibHbix yCTpOHCTB, yeejIHHHBaiOIIIHX COnpOTHBJiaeMOCTb of ΟΤΗΟΠΙβΗΗΚ) K KaBHTaiIHOHHOH 3p03HH TlojiBHacHoro ajieMeHTa, H3JiyHaTejieH ΓeHepaTopa KaeHTaiiHH, BHyrpeHHHX οτβΗοκ Kopnyca h npyrHX neTajien SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH, κοτορωβ MOiyr nojiBepraTbca B03neHCTBHio KaBHTaiIHH; BHUbl MaTepHajiblOB, H3 KOTOpbIX H3rOTOBJieHH TaKHe 3aiIIHTHbie ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗ H τ.λ .; 17) HajiHHHe hjih OTcyTCTBHe cneiiHajibHbix ποβερχΗΟΟτβΗ hjih npHcnoco6jieHHH; 18) c HcTOHHHKa 3ΗβρΓΗΗ (aBTOHOMHHHHJIH HeaBTOHOMHblH; 3JieKTpHHeCKHH, XHMHHeCKHH, MexaHHHecKHH, TenjiOBOH η τ.π.); uejiH Hcnojib3oeaHHa HcTOHHHKa aHepniH (tojibko juia o6ecneneHHa nHTaHHa ΓeHepaTopa κββητβιιηη; jpia o6ecneHeHHH nHTaHHa He TOJibKO ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTaiļHH, ho h pa3JiHHHbix BcnoMoraTejibHbix ycTpoficTB, e.g. ycrpoHCTB, yica3aHHbix b n. 21 h 28 HacToamero OnHcaHHa, T.A. η); 19) B03M0) KHCTb ρκδοτΗ SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH Kax ot He3aBHCHMoro Μοτοηηηκβ 3HeprHH (BHeuiHero hjih aBJiaiouieroca οοοτββηοη nacTbio 3HepreTHHecKofl ycTaHOBKH) Tax h 3a CNET o6paTHOH CBH3H (3a CNET nacTH 3HeprHH, BbipaāaTbiBaeMOH SHepreTHHecKOH yοτβηοβκοη); 20) KOJiHHecTBo Hchhhkob 3HeprHH; THnbi Hctohhhkob 3HeprHH (nycKOBO0 hctohhhk 3HeprHH, očecneHHBaiomHH tojibko 3anycx SHepreTHHecKOH ycraHOBKH; ochobhoh (paāoHHH) hctohhhk 3HeprHH, o6ecneHHBaioiuHH nHTaHHe Bcex 6jiokob SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH nocjie ee 3anycKa; o6iuhh hctohhhk 3HeprHH, κοτορωπ oSecneHHBaeT nHTaHHe Bcex 6jiokob SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH bo ecex pexcHMax ee pa6oTbi h t. #.); 21) KOHCIPYKUHA HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH; difference TexHHHecKHe xapaicrepHCTHKH, BbixouHaa MOuiHOCTb h T.a .; HajHHHe BcnoMoraTejibHbix 6jiokob HcTOHHHKa sneprHH, HanpHMep, o6ecneHHBaiouiHX nepeiciHoHeHHaHHaNcKOBOl HcTOHHHKa 3HeprnH κ ocHOBHOMy (pa6oneMy) HCTOHHHKy 3HeprHH; BbinpaMjieHHe, cTa6HJiH3aHio, HHBeHyipoBaHHe h / hihOH KOHBeHTHpoeaHHe BbixouHoro HanpaMceHHa η τοκβ; nou3aPaKYkccOBOBOR HcTOHHHK 3HeprHH; 3amHTy HcTOHHHK 3HeprHH ot neperpy30K, κοροτκκχ 3aMbiKaHHH h Upyrnx HeHcnpaBHOCTefi h t.ji .; 5 EN 12743 22) τηπ βμχοαηοη 3H6prHH, Bbip6aTbiBaeMOH SHepreTHMecKofi ycTaHOBKOH (MexaHHHecKa h / hjih 3JieKTpHHecKiW 3HepriM; BejiHHHH βμχοαηοη 3HeprHH h apyrae napaMerpbi); 23) cnoco6 nonyneHHa βμχοαηοη sHepniH (KojiečaHHa Ποαβηηοιογο ajieMenra npeo6pa3yiOTca b MexaHHHecicyK > h / hjih 3JieKTpnHecKyio 3Hepraio 6e3 Hcnonb30BaHHH npoMeHcyTOHHMx 3TanoB npeo6pa30BaHHH οαηογο bhab 3HeprHH b Apyrofi; ajih nojiyHeHHa βμχοαηοη SHepniH Hcnojib3yeTca npoMencyTOHHOe npeo6pa30BaHna οαηογο bhab 3HeprHH β αρ > τοη, e.g. Ajia ποπγπβΗΗΗ 3 ; κομ6ηηηροβ3ηημη cnoco6 nojiyHeHH «βμχοαηοη aHepran η τ.π.); 24) cnocoSbi npeo6pa30BaHHa What; ie6aHHH Ποαβηηιηογο ajieMenra b MexaHHHecKyK) h / hjih 3jieicrpHHecKyK) 3HeprHio (KpHBOuiHnHo-uiaTyHHbifl; ροτορΗΟ-ποριιΐΗεβΟΗ; sjieiapoMarHHTHbiH; 3JieKipoAHHaMHHecKHH; ribe303JieKTpHHecKHfi; Μ3Γηητοοτρηκπηοηημη (Hcnojib30BaHHe CBOHCTBa HeKOTOpbIX φερρΟΜΒΓΗΗΤΗΗΧ MaTepHajIOB H3M6HHTb BeJIHHHHy CB06H ΜΒΓΗΗΤΗΟΗ HHAyKUHH b pe3yjibTaTe MexaHHnecKHx ΑεφορΜβΑΗΗ) ; κομ6ηηηροββηημη η τ.π.); 25) τηπ ripHcnoco6jieHHH, npeo6pa3yiouiero KojieSaHHa Ποαβηηοιογο ajieMema β MexaHHHecKyK > h / hjih 3AeKTpHHecKyio 3Hepnno: • cneuHajibHoe πρΗοποοοβπβΗΗβ, κοτοροβ ηβχοαητοι βηθ Ποαβηηοιογο ajieMeirra,

E.g. KaTyiuica HHAyKTHBHOCTH, BHyTpH κοτοροΗ coBepmaeT Kojie6aHH »ΠθΑΒΗ» ΗΜΗ 3ϋβΜβΗΤ (Μ3ΓΗΗΤ) KpHBOUIHnHO-maTyHHbIH MexaHH3M Η Τ.Π., H κοτοροβ (īlpHcnoco6jieHHe) MexaHHHecKH hjih hhhm o6pa30M CB "3aHO c IlOABHMCHblM 3ΑβΜβΗΤΟΜ, e.g. ΙφΗΒΟΙΙΙΗΠΗΟ-ΙΙΙΒΤγΗΗΜΗ ΜβΧ3ΗΗ3Μ

MexaHHHeCKH CBH3aH C IToABHHCHblM 3ΑβΜβΗΤΟΜ, KaTyuiKa HHAyKTHBHOCTH HHAyKTHBHO CBH3aHa C MarHHTOM Η Τ.Π.1 • cneuHajībHoe npHcnoco6jieHHe, κοτοροβ BMecTe c Ποαβηηοιημ aneMenroM o6pa3yioT o6myio KOHCTpyKTHBHyio eAHHHiiy, e.g. ycipo0CTBO, κοτοροβ of npHHHHny achctbhh 3ηβπογηηηο 3JieKTpoaKycTHHecKOMy npH6opy, cocroainee H3 MeM6paHH hah AHφφy3opa, ΒΜποΛΗΗίοιηΗχ (L > yHKnHH Ποαβηηοιογο 3JieMeHTa, η H3 CBH3aHHoro c therebetween npeo6pa30BaTejia MexaHHHecKHx KOJie6aHHH b 3JieiapHHecKyio SHepraio, • Hcnonb30BaHHe c nejibio IIpeo6pa30BaHHa KojieSaHHH Ποαβη > κηογο ajieMenra b MexaHHqecKyio h / hjih 3JieKTpHHecKyK > 3Ηβρπ "ο οπρβΑβηβΗΗΜΧ φΗ3ΗΗβακΗχ ηλη k3khx-jih6o ηημχ cbohctb Camor IIoABHJKHoro 3ΑβΜβΗΤ3, HanpHMep, npn nbe303JieKTpHHecK0M cnoco6e npeo6pa3oeaHHa KoJie6aHHH Ποαβηηοιογο driveMen b 3AeKTpHHecKyio aHepnno Hcnojib3yeTca npaMOH nbe303JieKTpHHecKHH 3φ φβκτ, KOTopbiM o6jiaAaioT cneimajībHMe MeM6paHbi H3 nbe303JieKTpHHecKoro MaTepnana, BbinojiHaioinHe oAHOBpeMeHHo φyHκ ^ HK) η Ποαβηηοιογο aneMeirra h npHcnoco6jieHHH, npeo6pa3yioinero KojieGaHH »Ποαβηηοιογο ajieMenra b 3JietapHHecKyio 3Hepnno; 26) KOAHHecTBO h KOHCTpyKUHH npHcnocoSjieHHH, npeo6pa3yK) UiHX Machine6aHH «Ποαβηηοιογο 3AeMeHTa b MexaHHHecKyio h / hjih 3jieKipHHecKyio SHepraio; Hcnojib3yeMbie MaTepnanbi; pa3Mepbi; Apynie napaMerpbi h.a .; 27) mo6bie Apyme KOHCTpyKTHBHbie, ΤβΧΗΗΗβΟΚΗβ, ΤβΧΗΟΑΟΓΗΗβΟΚΗβ H HHbie 0C06eHH0CTH aneMeHT (yeMeHTOB), cocTaBjnnoinero (cocTaBJiHiomHx) cyinecTBeHHbie npH3HaKH SHepreTHHeCKOH ycraHOBKH; 28) HajiHHHe BcnoMoraTejibHHx ycTpoficTB (ycTpoHCTBa, o6ecneHHBaiomHe 3aiiiHTy SHepreTHHeCKOH ycraHOBKH ot neperpy30K, κοροτκπχ 3aHbiKaHHH η Apymx HeHcnpaBHOCTefi, KOTOpbie MoryT B03HHKHyrb CEC BHyrpH cbmoh SHepreTHHecKoft yCTaHOBKH, TAK η bo ΒΗβηΐΗΗΧ ΠΟΤρβδΗΤβΠΗΧ 3ΗβρΓΗΗ, ΠΟΑΚΙΠΟΜβΗΗΜΧ Κ SHepreTHHeCKOH yCTaHOBKe; yCTpOHCTBa, o6ecneHHBaiouiHe CMa3Ky h oxnaHCAeHHe ABHHcyuiHxca h TpyinHxca AeTajiefi SHepreTHHeCKOH ycTaHOBKH; npeo6pa30BaTejiH βμχοαηοη 3HeprHH; HHAHKaTopbi pencHMOB pa6oTbi h ta); 29) nio6bie Apyrne αοτοπη, y3Jibi, MexaHH3Mbi, ycrpoficTBa η τ.π .; hx KOHCTpyKiiHH; τβχΗΗΗβοκΗβ η HHbie napaMeippi; nenn Hcnonb30BaHHH; h t.a.

HnHce npHBOAHTca onHcaHHe bo3mohchmx eapnaHTOB SHepreTHHeCKOH ycTaHOBKH: 1) npeo6pa3yiomeH Kojie6aHHa Ποαβηηιηογο aneMeHTa β MexaHHHecKyio 3Hepnno (cm. ΦHypy 1); 2) npeo6pa3yroineH Kojie6aHHa Ποαβηηιηογο aneMeHTa β 3JieKTpHHecKyK > 3HeprHio (cm. ΦHypy 2) · 6 3HepreTHHecKa ycraHOBKa, noKa3aHHaa If < > Hrype 1, coctoht H3: • Kopnyca 1 (noKa3aH b pa3pe3e); • ΠθΛΒΗ) ΚΗΗΧ 3JieMeHTOB, B KaMeCTBe ΚΟΤΟρΜΧ HCnOJlb3yiOTCa dipHH 2 h 3, b κοτορωχ Hax < wrrcfl: ♦ nocToaHHbie μ3γηητβι 4 h 5; ♦ nonocTH 6 h 7, b κοτορωχ HaxoAHTca) KHUKocTb, b KanecTBe κοτοροίί Hcnojib3yerca Bo.ua; Oji nojiynpOHHuaeMbie MeM6paHbi 25 h 26, κοτορωε repMeTHHHO 3aKpbiBaiOT ceepxy noBOCTH 6 h 7; • liCTOHHHKa 3Η6ρΓΗΗ 23; • HeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, Cocroaiuero H3: ♦ reHepaTopa HMnyjibC0B 22; ♦ ycmiHTejia moiuhocth 21; 3 H3nyHaTeneH 12 h 13; ♦ 3ΛβκτροΗΗωχ KOMMjraTopoB 18 h 19, o6ecneHHBaK > mHX Heo6xoflHMyio nepHO ^ HMHOCTb η ujiHTejibHOCTb pa6oTbi H3JiyHaTejieft 12 h 13; ♦ MarHHTHbix AarHHKOB 14, 15, 16 h 17, ynpaBJiaiomHX pa6oTofi 3ΛβκτροΗΗωχ KOMMjraTopoB 18 h 19; ♦ nepeMeHHoro pe3HCTopa 20, o6ecneHHBaier βο3Μοικηοοπ > peryjiHpoeaHHa napaMeTpoB ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, a cooTBercTBeHHO - βμχοληοη mouihocth SHepreTHHecKoft ycTaHOBKH; • IIpHcnoco6jieHHa, npeo6pa3yioiuero Kojie6aHHa (B03BpaτHO-πocτyπaτeJIbHωe ubhjkchhh) FIouBHMCHoro 3JieMeHTa (runumeH 2 h 3) b MexaHHuecKyio SHepnuo, Cocoaiuero H3: ♦ uiaTyHOB 8 h 9; OJ KOJieHHaToro eana 10; ♦ MaxoBHKa 11; • BbiKJHOHaTeys 24. B onHCbiBaeMoft SHErHerCKOH ycTaHOBKe nopmHH 2 h 3 ημ «οτ UHjiHHupHHecKyK > φopMy h otjihtbi H3 brainMHHHa. ^ HaMeTp Hammer HoodHa - 60 mm. PaccToaHHe, κοτοροε Kaacubifi H3 ΠΟραΐΗβΗ ΠρΟΧΟΛΗΤ OT BepXHeft ΜερΤΒΟΗ ΤΟΗΚΗ, flajiee - “ΒΜΤ”; UO HHMCHeft ΜβρΤΒΟΗ ΤΟΗΚΗ, uauee - “HMT”, cocraBJiaeT 100 mm. Η ποριιΐΗΗχ 2 η 3 mmciotcb πολοογη 6 η 7, β κοτορωε nonHOCTbio 3anojiHeHbi JKHUKOCTbio, β KauecTBe κοτοροπ Hcnojib3yeTca o6biHHa (nHTbea) Boaa. Bo.ua 3anHBaeTca b iiojiocth 6 h eme 7 H crauHH H3roTOBjieHHa 3HepreTHHecKofi ycTaHOBKH, nocjie nero iiojiocth 6 h 7 ceepxy repMeraHHO 3aKpbiBaiOTca noJiynpOHHuaeMbiMH MeMGpaHaMH 25 h 26 κοτορωε nponycKaioT 3ByκoBωc bojihm, reHepHpyeMbie H3JiyHaT8JiaMH 12 h 13 ho Ηε nponycKaioT eouy H3 nojiocTefi 6 h 7 Ejiaronapa nojiynpOHHuaeMbiM MeMēpaHaM 25 h 26 Boaa β npouecce pa6on > i 3HepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH Ηε pacxouyK) TCA, no3TOMy b 3ΗερτετΗΗεοκοΗ ycraHOBKe Ηε npeuycMOTpeHbi b8hthjih hjih npyrHe ycrpoHCTBa UJia περΗΟΛΗπεεκοΓΟ hjih ποοτοβηηογο noueoua eoubi b nojiocTH 6 h 7 H3 BHC .. β onHCbieaeMOH 3ΗερΓετΗπεοκοΗ ycTaHOBK8 Kaacaaa H3 nojiocTefi 6 h 7 33ΗΗΜ3ΐοτ o6b8M, cocraBJiaioiUHH 40% OT o6mcro o6b8Ma cooTB8TCTByiomcro sutuiHa.

Bo3BpaTHO-nocrynaT8jibHbi8 UBHaceHHa HoneyH8H 2h 3 np8o6pa3yiOTca b MexaHHHecKyio 3HcprHK > npH noMOuHiAyHOB 8 h 9, KOJieHHaToro eaiia 10 η μβχοβηκ'ε 11. MaxoBHK 11 HCnOJIb3y8TCa UJ yMCHbIU8HHa HCpaBHOM8pHOCTH BpaiU8HHa HANDBOOK Bajia 10. B KaHeCTBe MaxoBHKa Hcnojib3yeTca HyryHHbiH uhck Maccon 20KB. KoJiCHHaTbifl eau 10 no KOHCTpyKUHHH 3ΗΟΠΟΓΗΗ8Η K0JI8HHaT0My BaJiy UBHTaTCJIH BHJTpeHHOTO CropaHHH [1] Η BbinOJIH8H TaK, ω6ω npH HaxoacueHHH DipperHa 2 β BMT, 3mHH 3 HxHHica b HMT, η βοβοροτ. IIIaTyHbi 8 h 9 np8o6pa3yiOT B03BpaTHO-nocTynaT8JibHbi8 UBHaceHHa nyiuHefi 2 h 3 bo BHUTCHibHbie UBHaccHHa KOJiBHHaToro Bana 10. IUaTyHbi 8h 9 no KOHCTpyKUHH aHanorHHHbi uiaTyHaM UBHraTejia BHjrpeHHero cropaHHa [ll. HCTOHHHK 3Η8ρΓΗΗ 23 o68Cn84HBa8T ΠΗΤ3ΗΗ8 BC8X 6JIOKOB 3HCpr8TH4eCK0fl yCTaHOBKH, B TOM HHCJic - η epaeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH. B momcht 3anycxa SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH b KauecTBe HcTOHHHKa 3HeprnH 23 HcnoJib3yeTca aKKyMyjiaTopHaa GaTapea (nycKOBOH hctohhhk 3Heprnn) MOUiHOCTbio 26 Bt NPH HanpaaceHHH 12 V. After stirring 3anycKa SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH (nocjie Toro, Kak MaxoBHK 11 HauHeT BpamaTbca c ΗεοβχοΛΗΜΟΗ CKopocrbio) b KanecTBe HcTOHHHKa 7 EN 12743 3HeprHH 23 Hcnojib3yeTCH 3JieKipoMexaHHHecKHH reHepaTop, βμποπηλκ »ιι1ηη Φ > ήκιιηη ocHOBHoro (pa6onero) HCTOHHHK 3HeprHH. 3jieKTpoMexaHHMecKHH reHepaTop πρκ πομοηιη peMčHOH nepeflaHH CBH3aH c μεχοβηκομ 11, Sawmill neMy npoHcxoaHT οτβορ Heo6xoflHMoro KOJiHHecTBa MexaHHHECKOH 3HeprHH, Heo6xoaHMo0

3J € KTPOM € xaHHHSCKoro reHepaTopa (Ha φΗΓγρε 1 3aeinpoMexaHHHecKHH reHepaTop He noKa3aH). B KanecTBe ycTpo0cTBa, o6ecneHHBaiomero πβρβκπιοΗβΗΗβ πητβηηη ot aKKyMyjurropHOH SaTapen κ 3aeiapoMexaHHMecK0My reHepaTopy, Bwnp »MJieHHe h CTa6HJiH3auHio βμχοληογο HanpiDKeHHfl, Bbipa6aTHBaeMoro 3JieicrpoMexaHHHecKHM reHepaTopoM, a TaioKe noa3apaaKy aKKyMyjiaTopHOH 6aTapeHH Hcnoab3yeTca aHaaorHHHoe ycTpo0CTBo ABHraTeaa BHyTpeHHoro cropaHHa [1] (Ha φκτχρβ 1 τβκοβ ycTpo0cTBO He noKa3aHo). MouiHOCTb 3aeirrpoMexaHHHecKoro reHepaTopa cocTaBJiaeT 40 Βτ πρκ HanpaaceHHH 12 V (6ojiee BbicoKaa μοιηηοοτβ 3JiefcrpoMexaHHHecKoro reHepaTopa of cpaBHeHHio c aKKyMyjiaTopHofl 6aTapeefi o6ycjioenem τβΜ, whereby to 3JieKTpoMexaHHHecKHH reHepaTop Hcnojib3yeTca He toju > by aaa oGecneHeHHH πητβηηη reHepaTopa κεβητβηηη, ho h Jua nofl3ap "NKH nycKOBoro HCTOHHHKa 3HeprHH - aKKyMyJiHTOpHOH 6aTapen ). Bo3BpaTHO-nocTynaTejibHbie aBHaceHHa πορηΐΗβκ 2 h 3 ocyuiecTBJiaioTca 3a CNET KaBHTaiļHH, B036yxcaaeM0ft TeHepaTopoM κββητβηηη b eoae, Haxoaxmeiica b noaocTax 6 h 7 h nopuiHež 2 3 ΓeHepaTop κββητβηηη coctoht h3: • reHepaTopa HMnynbcoB 22 b Kaneerae κοτοροτο HcnoJib3yeTcs reHepaTop CHHycoHaaJibHtix cHTHajioB, reHepHpyiomHH 3ByKOBHe boehm nacroToft 18,000 Γη h aMnaHTyaofi 0.5 V πρκ HanpaaceHHH nuraHua 12 V η ποτρβδπΗβΜΟΜ τοκβ 0.01 A [3]; • YCHJIJJJJJMJM mouihocth 21, b KanecTBe κοτοροτο Hcnojib3yeTca TparoHCTopHHH ycHJiHTenb MOinHOCTH, 06eCneHHBaK) UtHH BbIXOaHyK > MOUIHOCTb 3ByKOBbIX CHrHaJIOB If ypOBHe 15 Bt πρκ conpoTHBJieHHH Harpy3KH 16 Om. HanpaaceHHe πητβηηκ ycnjiHTejia mouoiocth cocTaBJiaeT 12 V, a ποτρββιωβΜΗΗ τοκ - 1.7 A [4]; • MarHHTHbix aaTHHKOB 14, 15, 16 h 17, b KanecTBe κοτορωχ Hcnojib3yiOTca

MarHHToynpaBJiaeMbie MHKpocxeMbi [5] BCTpoeHHbie bo BHyipeHHHe creHKH Kopnyca 1 HcTOHHHKaMH CHTHajlOB, KOTOpbie aKTHBH3HpyK) T pa6oīy MarHHTHbIX naTHHKOB 14, 15, 16 H 17, HBJMiOTCfl MarHHTHbie nona, co3aaBaeMbie ποοτοβηημμη μβγηητβμη 4 η 5 KOTOpue BMOHTHpOBaHbl B 2 H nOpIUHH third HyBCTBHTejlbHOCTb ΜΒΓΗΗΤΗΜΧ aaTHHKOB Bbl6paHa ΤβΚΟΗ, Ητοδυ h cpaēabibi ot ot ot otβββββββββββββββββorooroorooro, oro3orooroorooroorooro orooroττοβηηηηη εεεηηoroorooro 4 4 aaaaaaaaaa, Koraa nopumn 2 h 3 He λοχολητ ao BMT η HMT Ha 20 mm; ^ • 3jieKTpoHHbix KOMMyraTopoB 18 h 19, b KanecTBe κοτορωχ Hcnoab3yioTca TpaH3HcropHwe kjiiohh, onHcaHHbie b [6]. HanpaaceHHe πητβηηβ 3aeKTpoHHbix KOMMjnraTOpoe cocTaBaaer 12 ^ V, a noTpe6aaeMbiH τοκ - 0.3 A. SaeKrpoHHbie KOMMjrraTopbi 18 h 19 of CHraaaaM, nocTynaiomHM οτ μηγήητηηχ aaTHHKOB 14, 15, 16 h 17 h oCecnenneaioT Tpe6yeMyio nepHoaHHHOCTb anHTeabHOCTb noaiuiiOHeHHa H3nyHaTeaeft 12 h 13 κ ycHJiHTejno MOinHOCTH 21; • H3JiyHaTeaeH 12 h 13, b KanecTBe KOTOpbix Hcnoab3yioTca aae BbicoConacTOTHbie aHHMMHHecKHiObkh rpoMKoroBopHTeaeH MOinHOCTbio 10 Βτ Kaacaaa h conpoTHBJieHHeM 16 Om Kaacaaa, HanpHMep, 10rjJJB-2; • nepeMeHHoro pe3Hcropa 20, o6ecneHHBaioOn naaBHoe peryuHpoBaHHe βηχοαηοη MOinHOCTH 3HepreTHHecKo0 ycTaHOBKH b ηιπροκοΜ aHana30He (ot 0 ao 100%). C 3Toh neabio nepeMeHHMH pe3HCTop 20 o6ecneHHBaeT naaBHoe peryaHpoBaHHe mouihocth CHrHaJIOB, nocTynaioinHX Ha H3JiynaTeaH 12 h 13 Ilo3TOMy b KanecTBe ycHJiHTejia mouihocth 21 Hcnoab3yerca TpaH3HCTopHbiH ycnaHTeab mouihocth c bo3m05Khoctmo peryjiHpoBaHHa BbixoaHOH mouihocth (peryaHpoBaHHe BbixoaHOH mouihocth ocyuiecTBaaeTca βηβπογηηηο peryaHpoBaHHio rpoMKocm b ycHHHTeaax mouihocth 3ByKOBOcnpoH3BoaauieH annaparypbi) [4 ]; B io o M pea pea pea pea c c c bi bi bi bi epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr epr U U U U U U j j j j j j j j H H H H H H H T T T T H H H H H H. He He. reHepaTop KaBHTanHH b cacao H3 noaocTefi 6 h 7 φopMHpyeτ o6aacTb KaBHTanHH naouiaai »io 10 KeaapaTHHbix cm.

Pa6oTeT 3HepreTHHECK ycTaHOBKa caeayIuHM o6pa30M.

Πρκ 3aMbIKaHHH KOHT3KTOB BblKJHOHaTena 24 nHTaHHe OT HCTOHHHKa 3ΗβρΓΗΗ 23 (aKKyMyjiaTOpHOH 6aTapen) nocTynaeT κ reHeparopy HMnyabCOB 22 η k yCHUHTeaio mouihocth 21 ΓeHepaTop HMnyjibcoe 22 HaHHHaer reHepHpoeaTb 3ByKOBMe cnrHaabi, κοτορωβ ycHaHBaioTca ycHjiHTejieM mouihocth 21 B momcht 3anycKa 3HepreTHHecKofl ycTaHOBKH 8 nopiueHb 2 HaxouHTca b BMT . MarHHTHoe none co3uaBaeMoe ποοτοχηημμ μβγηητομ 4 aKTHBH3Hpyeī pa6oxy μβγηητηογο uaTHHKa 14 of cHrHany κοτοροΓΟ 3aMWKaiOTca κοΗτβκτω 3jieKTpoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 19B μομθητ 3anycKa SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH nopuieHb 3 HaxouHTca b HMT. MaraHTHoe nojie, co3uaBaeMoe ποοτοβηηβιμ Μ3γηητομ 5 aKTHBH3HpyeT pa6oTy MarHHTHoro αβτηηκβ 17 of CHR ^ y KOToporo pa3MHKaiOTca κοητβκτμ 3JieicrpOHHoro KOMMjrraTopa 18 ĪIo3TOMy cnmaJībi, CHHMaeMMe c Bbncoua ycHjiHTejia moiuhocth 21 nepe3 3aMKHyTbie κοητβκτμ ajieinpoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 19 nocTynaioT Ha H3JiynaTejib 12 κοτορυϋ HaHHHaeT reHepHpoBaTb 3ByKOBbie βο , πημ nacTOToid 18 000 Γη b Boue, HaxoAHiueHca b nojiocra 6 shotsHH 2. B pe3ynbTaTe npoxoHcueHHa nepe3 Boay 3ByK0Bbix kidihb Hen B03HHKaeT KaBHTanHH. / JaBJieHHe, pa3BHBaeMoe cxnonbiBaiomHMHca KaBHTauHOHHbiMH ny3bipbKaMH cocTaBJieT Kax MHHHMyM 300 kt Ha Kaac / ibift KBaupaTHbifi caHTHMeTp o6jiacTH KaBHTanHH. 3to aaBneHHe aBJiaeTca hctohhhkom £ bh? K6hhh sutuiHa 2 bhh3. Coma pouieHH 2 OKajRerca b TOHKe, pacnojiOHceHHofi Ha 20 mm. Bbirne HMT, μβγηητηοθ none nocToaHHoro μβγηητβ 4 aKTHBH3HpyeT pa6oTy μβγηητηογο uaTHHKa 15 of CHrHany κοτοροΓΟ προκοχοηπτ pa3MbiKaHHe KOHTaKTOB ajieKTpoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 19 b pe3yjibTaTe nero H3JiyHaTejib 12 OTKjnoHaeTca ot ycHJiHTejia moiuhocth 21 riocKOJibKy nopuiHH 2 h 3 CBH3aHbi npyr c upyroM nepe3 KOJieHnaTMH Bail 10 το b 3Tot moments of time 3 HaxoflHTca b τοπκβ, pacnoJio > KeHHOH Ha 20 mm. HH * e BMT. B 3toh Tohkai MarHHTHoe none ποοτοηηηογο MarHHTa 5 aKTHBH3Hpyer pa6oTy MarHHTHoro uaTHHKa 16 of cnrHany κοτοροτο προκοχοηκτ 3aMbiKaHHe KOHTaKTOB ajieKTpoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 18 B pe3yjibTaTe 3τογο k ycHjiHTejuo moiuhocth 21 nouīcnioHaeTca H3JiynaTejib 13 KOTOpbiu HaHHHaeT reHepupoBaTb 3ByKOBbie bojihm nacTOTofi 18 000 Tu b eoae, pacnojiOHceHHofi b nonocra 7 shotsHa 3. Enaroaapa TaxoMy npeHcueBpeMeHHOMy ποΛκηιΟΗβΗΗΚ) H3JiyHaTejia 13 κ ycHJiHyJoMiHocTe 21 TeHepaTop κββητβηηη ycneeaeT B036yuHTb KaBHTauHio b Boue, 3ajiHTOH b nojiocTb 7, κ ΜΟΜβΗΐγ, Korua nopuieHb 3 OKancerca b BMT. WildBJieHHe, pa3BHBaeMoe cxjionbmaiomHMHca κββητβηηοηηβιμη ny3bipbKaMH, aBJiaeTca hctohhhkom ABHHceHHa pouHa 3 BHH3. Korna katuieHb 3 0Ka3biBaeTca β τοπκε, pacnojioaceHHOH Ha 20 mm. BMiue HMT, MarHHTHoe none noeroaHHoro MarHHTa 5 aKTHBH3Hpyβτ pa6oTy μ3γηητηογο uaTHHKa 17 of cHniaJiy κοτοροτο ηροκοχοΑΗτ pa3MMKaHHe KOHTaKTOB 3AeiopoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 18, β pe3yjibTaTe nero H3uyHaTejib 13 OTKjiiOHaeTca ot ycHJiHTejia moiuhocth 21 Β 3τοτ μομθητ nopuieHb 2 6yfleT HaxoAHTbca β τοπκε, pacnoaoHceHHOH Ha 20 mm. HHace BMT. Β 3toh τοπκβ MarHHTHoe none nocroaHHoro MarHHTa 4 aKTHBH3HpyeT pa6oTy MarHHTHoro AaTHHKa 14 of CHTHany κοτοροΓΟ προκοχοΑΗΤ 3aMbiKaHHe KOHTaKTOB ajieKTpoHHoro KOMMyraTopa 19B pe3ynbTaTe 3τογο k ycnjiHTeAio moiuhocth 21 nouKJiKmeTca H3AynaTenb 12 κοτορωπ HaHHHaeT reHepupoBaTb 3ByKOBbie bojihm nacTOTOH 18 000 Tu b Boue, pacnojioaceHHOH b πο / iocth 6 shotsHa 2. TaKHM o6pa30M β momcht, jewelery 2 αοοτηγηθτ BMT b Boue, 3anHTOH b nonocTb 6 6yueT B036yacueHa KaBHTauna. 3a cneT uaBJieHHH, pa3BHBaeMoro cxnonbiBaioIHMHca KaBHTauHOHHbiMH ny3bipbKaMH, puuHiHb 2 HaHHHeT UBHnceHHe bhh3. ^ anee Bce onucaHHbie npoueccu noBTopaTca. flna BbiKjnoneHHa 3HepreTHnecKOH ycT3HOBKH uocraTOHHO pa30MKHyTb

BbiKjHonaTejia 24.

MouiHOCTb, pa3BHBaMa KaacuMM H3 HoodHeH cocTaBJiaeT He MeHee 300 Βτ. TaKHM o6pa30M o6iaaa BbixouHaa MouiHOCTb onucbiBaeMOH SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKH cocTaBJiaeT He MeHee 600 Βτ. MouiHOCTb noTpe6naeMaMaHyHHNecK0H ycT3HOBKOH οτ Ηοτοηηηκβ 3HeprHH 23 (AKKYMynaTopHOH 6aTapen) β μομθητ 3anycKa He npeBbiuiaeT 25 Βτ. B ycTaHOBHBiueMca peacHMe paGoTbi SHepreTHnecKaa ycTaHOBKa ποτρεβηχετ οτ HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH 23 (3JieKTpoMexaHHHecKoro reHepaTopa) MouiHOCTb He Βτ 6-one 40 (noBbiuieHHbiu PacXon moiuhocth o6ycjiOBJieH τβΜ, whereby to ochobhoh (pa6oHH0) hhctohhhk 3HeprHH oGecnenHBaeT He TOJibKO nHTaHHe TeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, ho h nou3apauKy nycKOBoro ηοτοηηηκβ aHepran). riocKOJibKy Ajia paGoībi 3jieicrpoMexaHHHecKoro reHepaTopa Hcnojib3yeTca nacTb MexaHHHecKOH 3HeprHH, Bbipa6aTbiBaeM0ii 3HepreTHHecK0H ycTaHOBKofi, το none3Haa BbixouHaa MouiHOCTb 3HepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH, KOTopaa Μωκετ 6biTb oTuaHa BHeuiHHM ποτρββκτβίΜΜ 3HeprHH, cocTaBJiaeT He MeHee 560 Βτ. C uenbio u īb īb H ef ef iu ero ero B ej ej H H H H H H H H β ef ej B ej ej ej H H H H oj oj oj oj oj oj OB OB OB OB OB OB OB OB OB OB OB OB oj oj oj oj oj oj oj oj ep ep ep • • yBejiHHHB3Tb paccToaHHe, κοτοροβ KaacubiH nopuieHb προχοΛΗΤ οτ BMT uo HMT ;: • yBeiiHHHBaTb nnouiaub o6nacTH κββητβηηη; • ucnojib30BaTb 6onee 3K0H0MHHHbie cxeMbi peanH3auuH TeHepaTopa KaBHTanHH; 9 EN 12743 • flo6aBJiHTt b JKHflKOCTb cneiiHantHue npHMecn, κοτορωβ o6ueniaiOT npouecc B036ywueHHX KaBHTauHH; • coBepmeHCTBOBaTb KOHCTpyKUHK > upyrnx y3UOB h ueTanse SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH, HanpHMep, c uejibio chhjkchhb moiuhocth noTepb. SHepreTHHecKaj! ycTaHOBKa, noKa3aHHaa Ha φπιγρβ 2, coctoht H3: • Kopnyca 1 (noica3aHb pa3pe3e); • Πολβη > κηογο 3JieMeHTa, b KanecTBe KOToporo Hcnojib3yeTca ποοτοαηημη μβγηητ 4; • HcTOHHHK 3HeprHH 12; • TeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, cocToamero H3: ♦ H3JiyHaTejiefl 2 h 3; ♦ reHepaTopa HMnyubcoB 11; ♦ ycHjiHTeiia moiuhocth 10; ♦ 3JieKTpoHHbix KOMMyToPoB 7 h 8, o6ecneHHBaiomHX Heo6xouHMyio nepnouHHHOCTb hHYYYYHOCTb PGoTbi H3JiyHaTeJiefl 2 H 3; TH MaTHHTHbIX uaTHHKOB 5 H 6, ynpaBJlHK) UHHX pa60T0H 3JieKTpOHHbIX KOMMjrraTOpOB 7 h 8; ♦ nepeMeHHoro pe3HCTOP 15, o6ecneHHBaioOr bo3moxchoctL · perYiHoAHHaNaMeTpOB ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, a cooTBercTBeHHO - βηχοαηοη moiuhocth SHepreTHHecKOH ycaHOBKH; • IlpHcnoco6jieHHx, npeo6pa3yioiOu KoueOaHHJi Πολβιοκηογο 3JieMeirra (ποοτοληηογο MarHHTa 4) b 3ueKTpHHecKyio 3Heprnio, b Kanecrae κοτοροτο Hcnoub3yeTca KaTyuiKa HHUyKTHBHOCTH 9 C MaTHHTOnpOBOUOM; • BbiKJHOHaTCjia 13; • pa3beMa 14, K KOTOpOMy NOUKUOHOOTKJIHI BH6IUHHe ΠΟΤρβδΗΤβΛΗ 3ΛβΚΤρΗΗβΰΚΟΗ 3ΗβρΓΗΗ. 3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa Bbipa6aTbiBaeT 3JieKTpHHecKyio SHepraio 3a chct B03Bparao-nocrynaTejibHbix UBHaceHHH (KoueOaHHH) ποοτοηηηογο MarHHTa 4 (Πολβη * ηογο 3ueMeHTa) OTHOCHTe / ibHO HenouBH) KHOH KaTyuiKH hh ^ kthbhocth 9 KatyuiKa HHUyKTHBHOCTH 9 HaMaTbieaeTca Ha Kopnyc 1 Tak, hto6m jihhhh μβγηητηογο πόλη, co3uaBaeMoro μ3γήητομ 4,

HaXOflHHHCb B MOCKOCTH, nepneHUHKyUJipHOH BHTK3M KaTYIIKHHHUyKTHBHOCTH 9. B T3KOM cuynae πρκ B03BpaTHO-nocrynaTeHbHWX ubhhcchhhx FAT 4 b KaTyuiKe HHuykthbhocth 9 HaBOflHTCH nepeMeHHaa 3JieicrpouBiūKiiuaji cvuia. (3J1C). B KanecTBe ManiHTonpoBOua KaTyuiKH HHuyKTHBHOCTH 9 Hcnoub3yeTCH Cranium 1 SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH. C 3toh uenbīo bhcuihhh noBepxHOCTb Kopnyca 1 BbinouHeHa H3 φβρ0Μ3ΓΗΗΤΗ0Γ0 MaTepnaua, a difference BHyTpeHHHe ctchkh -H3 ΗβΜ3ΓΗΗΤΗΟΓΟ MaTepHaUa, HT06bI MaTHHT 4 Ηβ ΠρΗΤΗΓΗΒβΛΟΗ K BHyipeHHHM CTeHKaM

Kopnyca 1. Ha BHeuiHioio noBepxHocTb KOpnyca 1 HaueBaeTca KapKac KaTyuiKH hh ^ kthbhocth, Ha KOTopbiH HaMaTbiBaeTCH KaTyuiKa HHuykthbhocth 9 (If φκΐ7ρβ 2 tbkoh KapKac He noKa3aH). ΚοΛΗΗβοτΒΟ bhtkob KaTyuiKH hh ^ kthbhocth 9, a TaioKe MaTepnau h pa3Mepbi npoeoua, H3 κοτοροτο OHa H3roTOBuaeTCH, 3aBHCHT ot Tpe6yeMoro HanpaHceHHH η ββληηηημ MaKCHManbHO UOnyCTHMOH BbDCOUHOH MOIUHOCTH SHepreTHHeCKOH yCTaHOBKH. IIpH Heo6xOUHMOCTH MOHCHO HCn0Ub30B3Tb HeCKOHbKO KaTyUieK HHUyKTHBHOCTH 9, PAHYMHHBIX Ha pa3HMe ΒΜΧΟΛΗΜβ HanpHHCeHHH H MOIUHOCTb. B KanecTBe Πολβη > κηογο aueMemra Hcnoub3yeTca nocTOHHHbiū μβγηητ 4 UHUHHupHHecKOH aορΜω unaMCTpoM 60 mm. PaccTOHHHe, κοτοροβ MaTHHT 4 ΠρΟΧΟΛΗΤ OT BMT uo HMT cocTaBHaeT 100 mm. B KaHecTBe, Khukocth, 3auHBaeMOH b Buckwheat 1 Hcnoub3yeTca Boua, b KOTopyio uoOaeueHbi Teepubie HecMaHHBaeMbie nacTHUbi λλη yMeHbuieHHH 3HTHHH, KOTopyio Heo6xouHMO 3aTpaTHTb New B036yMcueHHH KaBHTauHH. Boua 3aHHMacT eecb οβο6οπημη o & beM Kopnyka 1. Boua 3anHBaeTCH b Kopnyc 1 Ha ctbuhh H3roTOBueHHH SHepreTHHecKofi ycraHOBKH. B npouecce paēoTbi SHepreTHHecKOH ycT3HOBKH Boua He pacxouyercH, τβκ Kak He mohcot προϋτΗ cKB03b CTeHKH Kopnyca 1 h 2 h 3 H3uyHaTeuH, no3TOMy b 3HepreraHecK0H ycT3HOBKe He npeuyCMOTpeHbI ΒβΗΤΗΠΗ ΗΛΗ Upyrne yCTpOHCTBa UJIH nepHOUHHeCKOTO ΗΛΗ nOCTOHHHOro nOUBOUa bouba B KopnyC 1 H3 ΒΗβ. B KanecTBe ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH Hcnoub3yeTca mupoaKycTHHecKHH BuOparop of KOHCTpyKUHH, npHHunny uchctbhji h napaMeTpaM ληληογημημη ΓeHepaTopy KaBHTauHH SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH, H3o6paxceHHOH Ha φπ ^ ρβ 1 Ogma MOIUHOCTb, noTpe6uaeMaa BceMH 6uoKaMH ΓeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, He npeBbimaeT 25 Bt. 10 B KanecTBe HcTOHHHKa 3HepraH 12 b μομθητ 3anycKa SHeprerKnecKOH yeraHOBKH Hcnojib3yeTca aKKyMyjiaTopHaa 6aTapea (nycKOBOii hctohhhk 3HepniH) moixihocti "io Βτ 26 h HanpaaceHHeM 12 V. After stirring 3anycica 3HepreTHHecK0H ycīaHOBKH (Nocni τογο, Kak SHepreranecKaa ycTaHOBKa BbiH / Go Ha npoeKTHyio mouihoctb) b KanecTBe οοηοβηογο (paOonero) HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH 12 Hcnojib3yeTca nacTb 3JieKipo3HeprHH, CHHMaeMOH c pa3beMa 14 OCHOBHOH (paSOHHH) HCTOHHHK 3ΗβρΓΗΗ COCTOHT H3 BbinpHMHTejIH, CTa6HJIH3aTOpa, a Tamka ycipoHCTBa, oSecnenHBaiomero οτκηιΟΗβΗΗβ nycKOBoro HCTOHHHKa 3HeprHH h ero nofl3apa / IKY (Ha ^ φΗΐ ρβ 2 TaKHe 3JieKTpoHHwe 6jiokh He noKa3aHbi). MomHOCTb οοηοβηογο (pa6oHero) HcTOHHHKa 3Heprnn cocTaBJiaeT 40 Βτ πρκ HanpaaseHHH 12 V (6ojiee BbicoKaa MomHOCTb οοηοβηογο (paOonero) HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH of cpaBHSHHio c aKKyMyjiHTopHofl 6aTapeež o6ycxroBJieHa τβΜ, whereby to ochobhoh (pačoHHH) hctohhhk aHeprHH Hcnojib3yeTca He TOjibKO & na o6ecneHeHHH nHTaHHa TeHepaTopa KaBHTauHH, ηο h ana noa3aKH nycKOBoro HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH - aKKyMyjiHTopHOH OaTapen).

PeryjiHpoBKa βμχοληοη mouihocth SHepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH ocymecTBJiaerca πρκ πομοιιιη nepeMeHHoro pe3HCTOP 15 Taicace KaK η b SHepreranecKOH ycTaHOBKe, H3o6pa > KeHHOH Ha tl > Hrype 1.

SHOOTING SHEPRETHNECK ycTaHOBKa cjiayiomnM o6pa30M. ΠρΗ 33MbiKaHHH κοητ3κτοβ BbiKJiioHaTejia 13 nHTaHHe ot HcTOHHHKa 3HeprHH 12 nocTynaeT Ha reHepaTop HMnynbC0B 11 h moiiihocth the amplifier 10 ΓeHeparop HMnyjibcoB 11 HaHHHaeT reHepnpoBaTb cHnianbi CHHycoH ^ a / ibHOH φορΜω nacTOTOH 18 000 Γρ h aMnjiHTy / IOH 0.5 V, κοτορωε ycHHHBaiOTca ycHJiHTeneM moiiihocth 10 MarHHT 4 b momcht 3anycKa 3HepreTHHecKoii ycTaHOBKH noa aežcTBHeM cHiibi TaacecTH HaxoaHTca b HMT. B tbkom nonoaceHHH MarHHTa 4 ero MarHHTHoe none aKTHBH3HpyeT pa6oTy μ3γηητηογο naTHHKa 5 of CHrHaJiy KOTOpOrO 3aMbIKaiOTCa KOHTaKTbl 3ΛβΚΤρ0ΗΗ0Γ0 KOMMyraTOpa 7 H OflHOBpeMeHHO pa3MbiKaiOTca κοητβκτμ ajieicrpoHHoro KOMMyraxopa 8 īlo3TOMy cHrHanbi, CHHMaeMbie c Bbixofla YCH ^ HTejia moiiihocth 10 nepe3 3aMKHyTbie KOHTaKTbl ajieinpoHHoro KOMMyTaTopa 7 nocTynaioT Ha H3JiynaTejib 2, κοτορΗΗ HaHHHaeT reHepnpoBaTb 3ByKOBbie βοιιημ. B pe3ynbTaTe B03fleHCTBHa 3ByKOBbIX BOJ1H If BOffy ΠΟΛ MaTHHTOM 4 φopMHpyeTCa oOjiaCTb KaBHT3QHH njiomafbio 10 KBa, apaTHbix cm .. flaBJieHHe cxjionbiBaioiHHxca κββητβηηοηημχ ny3bipbKOB cocTaBjiaeT He MeHee 300 kt. Ha KaacabiH KBanparabifi caHTHMeTp o6aacTH κββητβιιηη. 3to aaBJieHHe 3acxaBjiaeT μ3γηητ 4 nepeMenjaTbca BBepx. Choir μβγηητ 4 OKaiKerca b τοπκε, pacnojioaceHHOH H 20 MCC "HH * e BMT, ero MarHHTHoe nojie aKTHBH3Hpyβτ pa6oTy μβγηητηογο aaTHHKa 6 of CHrHany KOTOporo pa3MMKaioTca κοητβκτη aneKTpoHHoro KOMMyT3Topa 7 η 3aMbiKaioTca κοητ3κτμ aaeiapoHHoro KOMMyT3Topa 8 b pe3yjibTaTe nero ycHJiHTeiib moihhocth 10 nepeiauoHaeTca ot H3JiyHaTejia 2 κ H3JiyHaTejio 3. H3nynaTejib 3 HHHHyH reHepHpoBaTb 3ByKoaBbie βοιιημ η k MOMeHTy, Korh Marhht 4 OKancerca b BMT Haa hhm (Haa MarHHTOM) b Boae 6yneM οφορΜΗροΒ3Η3 oājiacTb Κ3βητ3ιιηη n / iomanbī 10 KBaapaTHbix cm. JiaBJieHHe cxjionbiBaromHXca κββητβιιηοηημχ ny3bipbK0B 3acTaBJiaeT MarHHT 4 nepeMemaTbca bhh3. Koma MARHHT 4 OKaaceTca b τοπκβ, pacnoJioaceHHOH Ha 20 mm. Bbraie HMT, ero MarHHTHoe none aKTHBH3HpyeT pa6oTy μβγηητηογο jaTHHKa 5 κοτορωϋ oOecneHHBaeT pa3MbiKaHHe κοητβκτοβ ajieKTpoHHoro KOMMjraropa 8 h 3aMbiKaHHe κοητ3κτοβ ajieicrpoHHoro KOMMyTaTOpa 7 b pe3yjibTaTe nero moihhocth the amplifier 10 nepemiKmeTca ot H3JiynaTejia 3 κ H3nyHaTejiK > 2. BnaroHapa 3TOMy κ MOMeHTy, Gets Marhht 4 oCaacca b HMT, noH hH (noH MarHHTOM) b Bone 6yneT οφορΜΗροΒ3Η3 o6jiacTb Κ3βητ3Ηηη. aaBJieHHe cxnonbiBaioiHHxcH κββητβηηοηηβιχ ny3bipbKOB 3acTaBJwer MarHHT 4 nepeMemaTbca ΒΒβρχ. Janeee ece onHcaHHbie npoueccbi noBTopaeTca.

riocKOJibKy KaTyuiKa hh ^ kthbhocth 9 HaMaTMBaeTca Ha Kopnyc 1 Tak, πτοβω jihhhh μβγηητηογο nona, co3HaBaeMoro MarHHTOM 4 HaxoAHjiHCb b iuiockocth, nepneHHHKynapHoft BHTK3M K3TyQIKH HHHyKTHBHOCTH 9, ΤΟ ΠρΗ B03BpaTHO-nOCTynaTeJIbHbIX ΛΒΗ3ΚβΗΗ3Χ MaTHHTa 4 b KaTyuiKe hh ^ kthbhocth 9 ηββοηητοη nepeMeHHaa 3neKTpoHBHacyiHaa cnjia ( 3X (C). Ecjih k BbIBOHaM K3TyiHKH HHHyKTHBHOCTH 9 Ηβρβ3 pa3T "eM 14 nOHKJUOHHTb Haipy3Ky, e.g. BHeuiHHH noTpeSHTenb 3HeprHH, the b uenn noaBHTca nepeMeHHbin tok, nacTOTa κοτοροτο 33BHCHT OT CKOpOCTH C ΚΟΤΟρΟΗ Μ3ΓΗΗΤ 4 COBepUiaeT B03BpaTHO-nOCTynaTeJIbHbie HBH '/ KeHHa . rijiomaHb BHyTpeHHeii noBepxHOCTH Kopnyca 1 Oonbīne nnomanH MarHHTa 4 TaKHM o6pa30M npn B03BpaTHO-nocTynaTejibHbix HBH > KeHHax MarHHTa 4 He co3naeTca noBbiineHHoe naBJieHHe BOHB, npenaTCTByiomee ero HBHweHHio, nocKOJibKy eoaa nepereKaer nepe3 3a3opbi Meamy MarHHTOM 4 h BHyTpeHHHMH CTeHKaMH Kopnyca 1 C 3Τθίί ace uejibio b MarHHTe 4 mohcho BbicBepnHBaTb CKB03Hbie OTBepcTHa (If φπ ^ ρβ 2 CKB03Hbie oTBepcTHa He noKa3aHbi). HeM 11 LV 12743 6ojii > TaKHx oTBepcTHH, τβΜ MeHbiiie cana conpoTHBJHH βολμ πρπ B03BpaTH0-nocTynaTejibHux nBHaceHHax μβγηητβ 4. 06m BbixonHaa MomHOCTb SHepreranecKOH ycraHOBKH cocTaBJiaer He MeHee 300 Bt. IlocKOJibKy b KanecTBe ochobhoio (paOonero) ηογοηηηκβ 3HeprHH Hcnojib3yeT nacib 3JieKTpHHecKOH 3ΗβρΓΗΗ, BbipaOaTbiBaeMOH 3HeprexHHecK0H ycraHOBKOH, the noJie3Haa BbixoflHax MomHOCTb 3HepreTHHecKOH ycTaHOBKH (MomHOCTb, KOTOpaa MoaceT 6wTb OTnaHa BHeiUHHM ΠΟΤρββΗΤβΛΛΜ 3a BblHeTOM 3ΗβρΓΗΗ, ΠΟΤρβδΛΧβΜΟΗ 3ΗβρΓβΤΗΗβΟΚΟΗ yCTaHOBKOH) cocraBJMer He MeHee 260 Bt. BblKJHOHeHH »3ΗβρΓβΤΗΗβΟΚΟΗ yCTaHOBKH nOCTaTOHHO p330MKHyTb

BbiKJiKJHaTena 13.

TaKHM o6pa30M SHepreTHHecKa »ycraHOBKa npencTaBJiaeT co6oii ajībTepHaTHBHUH, 3KOJiorHHecKH 6e3onacHbiH hctohhhk MexaHHHecKOH h / hjih sjieinpHHecKOH sHepran, κοτορωϋ MOxceT 6biTb πρΗΜβΗβΗ bo ecex οφβρβχ nenTenbHOCTH nejioeeKa. SHepreranecKaa ycTaHOBKa no3BOJiaeT: a) cHH3HTb ποτρββηβΗΗβ, a co ΒρβΜβΗβΜ h eoo6me 0TKa3aTbca ot Hcn0Jib30BaHHS τβκηχ TpaaHUHOHHbix hctohhhkob 3HeprHH Kax Ηβφιτ »h npoflyKTbi ee neperoHKH, RA3, yrojib, τορφ h npyrne npHpoAHbie pecypcbi, 3anacbi κοτορωχ aBJiaiOTca HeB03o6HOBjiaeMbiMH, a ηχ no6bm, nepepa6oTKa h ncnojib30BaHHe HaHOcaT Bpen oKpy »caiomeH cpene; 6) yjiyHuiHTb 3ConorHHecKyio CHTyamio; b) C03flaBaTb nojiHOCTbio aBTOHOMHbie h MoGmībHbie hctohhhk SHepran, o6jianaiomHe HeorpaHHHeHHbiM οροκοΜ HenpepMBHoro ΛβΗστΒΗ »KOTopbie Morjnr Hcnojib30BaTbca KaacnbīM ποτρββΗτβΛβΜ HH ^ HBHayajibHo fljiH nojiyHeHHa Tpe6yeMoro ημθηηο Yushu Hero KOJiHHecrBa: 3ΗβρΓΗΗ, HTO Π03Β0ϋΗβΤ CO ΒρβΜβΗβΗΜ OTKa3aTbCH OT yCJiyr TpaHHUHOHHbIX ΠρθΗ3ΒΟΛΗΤβϋβΗ H nOCTaBIUHKOB pa3JIHHHbIX BHflOB 3ΗβρΓΗΗ.

JLHTEPTVD: h [1] Β.Π. AjieKceeB, Β.Φ. BopoHHH “JlBHraTejib BHyTpeHHero cropaHHa: ycrpoHCTBO h06 * *ρίΙΙΗβΒΜΧ H KOM6HHHPOBaHHbIX ΑΒΗΓΒΤβΧΙβϋ”, ΥπββΗΗΚ, MoCKBa, 1990. Φ · [2] A.Č ΠβρΗΗκ. > KeKa, T.B. BaTyuiKHHa "200 npaKTHHecKHx cxeM reHepaTopa", CnpaBOHHHK, ® KHiHHHeB, 1987.

[4] P.M. TepemyK, K.M. TepemyK, C.A. Cenoe "riojiynpoBOHHHKOBbie npHeMHO-ycHJiHTejibHwe ycTpo0cTBa" CnpaBOHHHK panHOJiio6HTejia, Knee, 1987.

[5] xcypHan Panno 7 1990, crp.73 - 74.

[6] HcypHan Panno M 8 1990, crp.57 - 58.

ΦΟΡΜΥΛΑ H30BPETEHHH 1 ripeo6pa30BaTejib aHepran, BbipaOaTbieaiouuiH MexaHHHecKyio aHepraio, Nanee - "3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa" cocroamaa H3 Kopnyca, IIonBHHeHOro jneMema, coBepuiaioiuero Kojie6aHHa bhjtph Kopnyca, Ηοτοηηηκβ 3HeprHH h IlpHcnoco6jieHHa, npeo6pa3yK) INERO KoJie6aHHa IIonBHacHoro saeMeHTa b MexaHHHecKyio 3HeprHio, OTjiHHaromaaca τβΜ, whereby to Kone6aHHH igonBHacHoro aneMernra ocymecTBjiaioTca 3a cner KaBHTauHH, HOW TO BUY B036yxcnaerca ΓeHepaTopOM KaBHTanHH b JKnnKOCTH, 3JiHTofi BHjapb Kopnyca h / hjih BHyTpb IIonBHMCHoro 3JieMeHTa. 2 flpeo6pa30BaTejib 3HeprHH, BbipaOaTbieaioinHH 3JieKTpHHecKyio SHepraio, Nanee - "3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa" cocToamaa H3 Kopnyca, ĪlonBHacHoro ajieMema, coBepiuaioinero KoJieGaHHa BHyipH Kopnyca, HcTOHHHKa aHepran η ĪIpHcnoco6jieHHa, npeo6pa3y (Omero Kojie6aHHa nonBHacHoro aaeMeHTa b 3JieKTpHHecKyK) 3HeprHio, OTaHHaiomaaca TEM, whereby to Kojie6aHHa ĪlonBHacHoro aaeMeHTa ocymecTBJiaioTca 3a cneT KaBHTauHH, HOW TO B036yacnaerca ΓeHeparapoM κββητβιιηη b} ΚηηκοοτΗ, 3anHTOH BHyTpb Kopni h / hjih BHyTpb ΠοηΒΗ > ae aaeMeHTa. 12 12LV 12743 ΡΕΦΕΡΑΤ OSteKTOM H3o6peTeHHH hb ^ hhdtc »npeo6pa3oeaTe ^ H SHeprHH (aanee - 3HepreTHwecKHe ycTaHOBKH) KOTopbie 3a CNET 3HeprHH KaBHTauHH, B036y > KflaeM0H reHepaTopoM KaBHTauHH b KaKoii-jiH6o jkhjjkoh cpeae (uanee - > κηλκοοτβ) npeo6pa3yioT b MexaHH4ecKyto h / hjih 3 / ieKTpnHecKyiO 3HeprHio B03BpaTHO-nocTynaTexibHoe, BpamaTe / ibHoe, Bn6pauHOHHoe hjih μηογο po ^ a flBHMceHHe (aajiee - KOJieSaHHa) ποοτοληηογο MarHHTa, 3JieicrpoMarHHTa, κακΗχ-jih6o apyrHX MarHHTHbix 3JieMeHTOB, nopuiHa, Typ6HHbi, Potop η.τ.π. (uajiee - nojiBHiKHbiH 3ϋβΜβΗτ), KOTopbifi jih6o coaep > COD > κΗ, ακοσπ > BHyTpn ce6a, jih6o ποοτοηηηο hjih He nOCTOflHHO nOJIHOCTblO HJIH HaCTHHHO nOrpy) KeH B JKHflKOCTb, jih6 nOCTOSHHO h / hjih He nocTOHHHO conpHKOcaeTca c Hefi jio6oh (jhoGmmh) H3 cbohx noBepxHocTeii.

OnncaHbi jjea eapnaHTa 3HepreTHHecKHX ycTaHOBOK: 1) npeo6pa3yiomHX KOJE6aHHH πολβιοκηογο 3JieMeHTa b MexaHHMecKyio SHepraio ^ nrypa 1); 2) npeo6pa3yiomHx KOJE6aHH «πολβηκηογο aneMetrra b 3JieKrpHHecKyio SHepraio nrypa 2). 3HepreTHHecK ycTaHOBKa, noKa3aHHa Ha φπη / ρβ 1, coctoht H3 cjieayioiHHx 3JieMeHTOB: • Cranial 1 (6jok uhjihhjjpob); • nojjBHJKHbie 3JieMeHTbi, b KanecTee κοτορΗΧ HcnoJib3yiOTCJi nopuiHH 2 h 3 b κοτορωχ HaxoaaTca nocroHHHbie μβγηητμ 4 h 5, a TaKHce nojiocTH 6 h 7 b κοτορΜχ HaxojjHTca JKHjjKocTb h KOTopbie repMeraHHO 3aKpbiTbi ceepxy nojiynpoHHuaeMbiMH MeM6paHaMH 25 h 26; • reHepaTop KaBHTauHH, coctojuuhh H3 reHepaTopa HMnyjibcoB 22, ycHJiHTejw moluhocth 21, peryJIHTOpa BbIXOflHOH MOUIHOCTH 20, 3JieKTpOHHbIX KOMMJTaTOpOB 18 η 19 o6ecneHHBaioiUHx of carHanaM μ3γηητημχ λβτηηκοβ 14, 15, 16 η 17 Heo6xouHMyio nepHOflHHHOCTb h AnHTejibHOCTb pa6cm.i H3JiyHaTejieii 12 h 13; • hctohhhkk 3HeprHH 23, o6ecneHHBaiomHH 3HeprneH reHepaTop KaBHTauHH; • npHcnoco6neHHa, npeo6pa3YomHe KOJie6aHH »ποαβηχημχ aneMemOB b MexaHHHecKyio 3HeprHio, cocToauiHe H3 uiaTyHOB 8 h 9, KOJieHnaToro eana 10 η μ3χοβηκβ 11; • BbiKjnoHaTejib 24 3HepreTHHecKaa ycTaHOBKa, noKa3aHHaa Ha φΗΓγρβ 1 npeo6pa3yeT B03BpaTH0-nocTynaTejibHbie UBHjKeHHa nopuiHen 2 h 3 npn noMomn uiaTyHOB 8 h 9 KOJieHHaToro eana 10 h MaxoBHKa 11 b MexaHHHecKyfo 3HeprHio 3a CNET 3HeprHH KaBHTauHH, B036y > KuaeMOH reHepaTopoM KaBHTauHH b jkhukocth, HaxojmuteHCJi b ποποοτηχ 6 h 7 nopuiHeft 2 η 3 MaxoBHK 11 Hcnojib3yeTCH jj / ist yMeHbiueHHa HepaBHOMepHocTH epauļeHHa KOJieHuaToro eajia 10 b KanecTBe reHepaTopa KaBHTauHH Hcnojib3yeTca rHupoaKycTHMecKHH Βπβρβτορ c HMπyJIbCHo-φoκycHpoBaHHbIM H3JiyHeHHeM 3eyKOBbix bojth b yJibTpa3ByKOBOM AHana30He of KOHCTpyKUHH h npHHUHny uencTBHH aHajiorHHHbiii, e.g. , reHepaīopy KaBHTauHH, KOTopbifi Hcnojib3yeTca b 3KcnepeMeHTajibHOH ycTaHOBKe Bnajiapa.

Claims (2)

1. A power converter that generates mechanical energy, hereinafter referred to as a power plant, consisting of a housing, a movable element that causes oscillations in the housing, an energy source and devices that convert the oscillation of the movable element into mechanical energy is characterized in that the oscillation of the moving element takes place at the expense of cavitation caused by the cavitation generator in the fluid poured into the housing and / or the moving element. 2. An energy transformer generating electrical energy, hereinafter referred to as a power plant, consisting of a housing, a moving element making oscillations in the housing, an energy source and devices that convert a moving element into electrical energy, is characterized in that the oscillation of the moving element occurs at the expense of cavitation caused by the cavitation generator in the fluid loaded into the housing and / or the moving element.