LV12418B - Construction of exterior window - Google Patents

Abstract

The applicability area of the invention is building of the apartment houses, public, industrial and agricultural edifices. The offered construction of exterior window comprises two or more glasses and heat-insulating layer therebetween which is put into shape of light-transparent or light-reflecting strips dividing the space between glasses into several sections. The afore mentioned heat-insulating layer is formed either as a system of horizontal strips or as a system of horizontal cells each having triangular, rectangular or multangular form. Both systems tightly fit to the glasses. Besides, the heat-insulating layer can be formed only partially, e.g., in the upper part of the window.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The area of use of the protected site is the construction of residential, heated public and industrial buildings. The object of the invention is the construction of an external window, which contains additional heat insulation.

There is a known construction of exterior windows / 1 /, in which the additional thermal insulation of the windows is provided in the form of double glazing or multiple glazing. This design does not exclude heat loss due to vertical air convection.

There is a known construction of exterior windows / 2 /, in which the additional thermal insulation of the windows is formed in the form of an additional layer of infrared reflection and applied on the glass. Also in this design, air convection between the glasses is not prevented or reduced.

The construction of exterior windows is known / 3 /, in which the additional thermal insulation of the windows is realized with gases filled between the glasses, most viscous than air, incl. also inert gas (argon, xenon, etc.). In this design, heat loss due to convection is lower than when using an air interlayer. However, here, although at a slower rate, convection is still occurring at full height of the interlayer. In addition, it is difficult for this structure to provide long-term retention of special gas between the glasses.

The construction has been chosen as the prototype of the invention / 3 /.

The object of the invention is to significantly reduce the heat loss through the window caused by vertical convection of air or other gases between the windows.

This is achieved by using a window whose construction is described here. A window contains two or more panes. There is a layer of air or other gas between the glasses, which is divided into many tiny horizontal layers where the vertical convection of the air or gas is retarded due to its low altitude. The lower this height, the smaller the heat loss from convection. When the convection is completely stopped, the thermal conductivity of the air separator can approach the thermal conductivity of the stationary air layer, which at + 0 ° C is λ = 0.02594 W / m.K. It is much smaller than any special insulation material available today.

Different materials can be used to divide the vertical air layer between the glasses into small horizontal layers, thin plates or films placed horizontally between the glasses. These panels can be made of transparent material or reflective material, so that the window does not lose its light transmission significantly. The thickness of these panels themselves should be as small as possible so that they do not significantly influence the heat loss processes of the window by their thermal conductivity.

The same purpose can also be achieved by dividing the vertical air layer between the windows horizontally by horizontally placed thin plates or film cells. They can be in the form of triangles, rectangles or other polygonal structures. These cells can also be made from a variety of plastic films, both transparent and metallized.

Measurements of the heat loss of buildings by infrared (thermal) radiation of facades show that the highest glass temperature and therefore the most intense heat loss is located in the upper part of the windows. Therefore, the offered window thermal insulation can also be used in partial volume - it is placed only in the upper part of the window, for example, up to eye level.

The window insulation method used today in Latvia - insertion of polypropylene film or package between glass does not preclude vertical convection of air between glass and film. However, in the practical application of the invention, the vertical convection of air between the windows is retarded, and such a window design can provide much greater heat resistance and less heat loss.

Information used:

1. Alenrot, L. “Energy Efficient Glazing”. Report at the THERMIE Program in ActionSeminar “Nevv Insulation Technologies and Energy Efficient Glazing”, May 23, 1995, Vilnius.

2. Ovvens, P.G.T. Heat reflective coating on glass, Building Service Engineering Research and Technology, 5, (2), 1984.

3. Bamett, M. Reducing Glazing U-Values to Low Conductivity Gases, Building Service Engineer, 41, (11), 1994.

Claims (4)

1. An exterior window structure comprising two or more panes of glass and an additional layer of thermal insulation between them, characterized in that the layer of thermal insulation is formed by sheets of transparent or reflective material which divide the layer of air between the panes horizontally in several layers. 2. The exterior window construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer of the window is formed in the form of horizontal plates or films, which are placed tightly between the windows. 3. An exterior window construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is formed in the form of a horizontal cell enclosed tightly between the windows with a triangular or other polygonal cellular structure. The external window construction according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer is placed in the upper part of the window.