LU82670A1 - METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BACK-UP HEATER, REGULATOR AND RELATED HEATER INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Description

OC 51.231

.3.9 patent application ... Juilletm198o Designation of the inventor (1) The undersigned ......... Monsieur Jacques de Muyser. 35, bld. Royal., -.- .. at ................

................................................ LUXEMBOURG. .... (Luxembourg.) .......................................... ..................................................

acting as MM & fiés / khŸ - as agent for the depositor - (2) MQTEURS..LERQY-SOMER., .... Bo.ulev.ard ... Marcellin ... Leroy .., .... 113 .. ,....at-.

16oo4 ANGOULEME CEDEX, France ............................................. .................................................. .........

(3) of the invention relating to: ............ "P.rocédë .... pour..commande.r .... un ... chauff.age auxiliary, ....regulator......

.................. et.iMtallatioQ .... âe ... ßhauff.ag.e .... s..î.y ... r.app .or.taut. ,, ........................................... ......

designated as inventor (s): 1. Name and first names ....... P.ierre ... TREPEÂ.U ...................... .................................................. ........................................

Address ... Les. „Six ... Moulins., .... 17..3.2..0 ... MABENMES .., .... Eranc.e ........... ..........................................

2. Name and first names ...... ClaBä.e ... GAUDIti ................................ .................................................. ...................................

Address Residence Les .Grosslnes., .... i7.32.Q ... MARENNES.f .... France ....................... ....

3. Surname and first names ............................................. .................................................. .................................................. ......................

Address ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .......................................

He affirms the sincerity of the above indications and declares to assume full responsibility for them.

....... Luxembourg ............................) | e September 11 ......... ....... 19, .8o ...

Γ di.iCE LüÀLiiibiiSEt · ’;; IF AN INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY. * ’Here on ........ dd .., ^ ..... l ^ ljniii. I V \ \ ^ \ i '' // - L: v: V: Wk '\ .......'. '. ""'. T '·. '"' - '. 1 (signature) A 680 26______ (1) Last name, first names, company, address.

t *>. \ Ma ____aj. . J JL ._______ D. 51.231 *

AT

Brief Description filed in support of a request for

PATENT

at

Luxembourg

formed by: LEROY-SOMER MOTORS

for: "Method for controlling an auxiliary heating, regulator and related heating installation".

/NOT

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a backup heater in an installation further comprising a basic heater.

The invention also relates to a regulator for implementing this method.

The invention also relates to a heating installation applying this method.

The invention relates to any basic and auxiliary heating system 10, for any use, but is preferably applied to domestic heating.

In heating installations of the type referred to, the heating device is economical with regard to the heat energy produced, but involves a high investment, which depends moreover on its nominal power. On the contrary, the auxiliary heater produces expensive energy, but corresponds to a low initial investment.

Under these conditions, the auxiliary heating is intended to provide a supplement to the power of the basic heating, the latter being deliberately limited so as to reduce the cost of the installation. The financial interest of the user is therefore that the auxiliary heating works as little as possible.

Various regulatory systems are known which aim to satisfy this requirement.

In certain known systems, a regulator makes the difference between a set temperature and the outside temperature, calculates the theoretically ideal temperature of the heat-transfer fluid as a function of this difference, and controls the switching on or off of the apparatus. make-up according to whether the actual temperature of the heat transfer fluid is lower or higher than its theoretical temperature.

According to another known system, the auxiliary device 35 can only operate below a certain outside temperature. If this is the case, a 2-stage double t thermostat switches on the basic device only if the difference between the room temperature and the set temperature reaches a certain value, and also switches on the backup device if this difference reaches a second larger value.

These systems are not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, the outside temperature is not the only determining factor for the heating power required. One must in fact also take into account the sunshine, the internal ventilation of the premises, the internal calorific contributions coming for example from a wood fire in a chimney, from a stove or other appliance in operation, or the presence of more or less people on the premises.

15 Furthermore, the difference between the temperature! The set temperature and the actual temperature of the premises also do not give a satisfactory indication for controlling the start-up of the backup. This is partly true in the case of temperature rises 20 during which there are significant shortcomings of the actual temperature compared to the set temperature due. local, or of the temperature of the fluid with respect to the theoretical temperature, without however the power of the basic device being necessarily insufficient to ensure this rise in temperature.

The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method for controlling an auxiliary heating device so as to ensure its operation over periods of time which are both shorter and better situated over time.

According to the invention, the method for controlling an auxiliary heater in a plant, further comprising a basic heater, method in which a temperature representative of the state of the plant is measured, is characterized in what we> 3 records the evolution of this temperature as a function of time, in that we control the stopping of the back-up when a sufficiently pronounced growth phase of the temperature is detected and in that controls the start-up 5 of the auxiliary device when a sufficiently pronounced temperature decrease phase is detected.

It has in fact been found, within the framework of the invention, that as long as the representative temperature is rising, it is because the basic apparatus alone can make the condition of the installation evolve favorably and that it is unnecessary to put the auxiliary device into operation.

On the contrary, in the event of a pronounced decrease in the representative temperature, it is deduced therefrom that the auxiliary device is necessary in order to favorably change the state of the installation.

• The operating time of the auxiliary device is thus considerably reduced. For example, the back-up is not systematically started during costly warm-up after a prolonged shutdown of the installation.

According to another object of the invention, the operating regulator for an auxiliary heating appliance forming part of an installation also comprising a basic heating appliance ', in particular for implementing the above method, is characterized in that it comprises an a.na— logic-digital converter whose input is intended to be connected to a temperature probe whose sensitive member is in contact with a medium subjected to a temperature representative of 30 state of the installation, means for storing at least the last two digital values coming from the converter, means for comparing these digital values, and means for controlling the auxiliary device as a function of the result of this comparison.

According to a third object of the invention, the heating system, in particular for the implementation of the above method, comprising a basic heating appliance, an auxiliary heating appliance, a probe temperature whose sensitive organ is. contact with a medium whose temperature is representative of the state of the installation, and a regulator controlling the operation of the auxiliary device as a function of the evolution of this temperature, is characterized in that this installation further includes a thermostatic system which. controls the starting and stopping of the basic device, and which prohibits or authorizes the operation of the auxiliary device.

Contrary to the state of the art, the regulator has a function distinct from the thermostat, which is to avoid the drop in temperature in the installation while reducing as much as possible the duration of operation. booster device. The thermostat stops the operation of the base and auxiliary devices if the temperature in the chamber to be heated is too high, and, if not, switches on the base device, and, if the regulator allows it , the backup device.

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below.

/ 25 In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples: - Figure 1 is a graph explaining the process according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic view of a controller according to the invention mounted on a heating installation; - Figure 3 is a view of part of the computing unit; - Figure 4 is a schematic view of a heating installation according to the invention; and - Figure 5 is a schematic view of a regulator according to the invention produced in the form of a micro-program system.

We will begin by briefly describing the process according to the invention. This applies to a heating installation of the kind shown in FIG. 2, in which a device for distributing heat energy 2, installed in a chamber to be heated 1, is mounted in series with a heating device. base heater 4 and a backup heater 6. The heat transfer fluid 10 passes in sequence through the distributor 2, the base device 4 and the backup device 6, in the direction of the arrows 7.

The basic device 4 is for example a heat pump or a heater from solar energy, both of which involve a high initial investment, but supply heat energy at very advantageous costs. .

The auxiliary device 6 is not, for example, made up of electrical resistances, or of a gas or oil burner, inexpensive to purchase, but producing expensive energy.

The method according to the invention aims to control the operation of the installation by reducing as much as possible the operating time of the makeup, in order to reduce the cost of the chlorine energy produced by the installation, and more generally to achieve energy savings.

According to this method, a temperature representative of the state of the installation is measured. In the example 30 represented, this temperature is measured using the probe 8, consisting for example of an NPN active elsnent, and fixed to the circuit 3 so that its sensitive organ is immersed in the coolant at input of the basic device 4. Alternatively, the probe can be mounted in

'I

6 position 8a shown in dotted lines, between the base device 4 and the booster 6. The main thing is that the probe is not located directly at the outlet of the booster 6.

In accordance with the invention, the evolution of this temperature is recorded as a function of time. In the example of FIG. 1, the time t is shown on the abscissa and the temperature T on the ordinate.

In order to study the changes in temperature, the latter is sampled, that is to say that only isolated values are taken from them at regular time intervals.

Preferably, the time interval is adjustable to allow it to be adapted to the installation. In the case of a domestic heating installation, this time interval can be of the order of 2 to 3 minutes.

According to the invention, the booster device 6 is controlled to stop when a sufficiently pronounced temperature growth phase 20 is detected and the booster device 6 is started to be switched on when detects a sufficiently pronounced temperature decrease phase.

In the example shown, at least the last two sampled values are compared to each time interval. If the most recent of these values is greater than that which immediately precedes it, the increase in temperature is considered to be sufficiently pronounced and the booster device 30 6 is put on or kept off (points t ^ Q, ^ 18 '^ 22 ^ *

If, on the contrary, the most recent of the sampled values is less than or equal to the previous one, the anlepén.ultième sampled value is further examined.

The operation of the thermostat is then controlled according to the following criteria: 7 - if the most recent of the values is less than the previous one which is itself less or equal to the ante-penultimate, it is considered that the decrease in temperature is sufficiently pronounced and we put or main-5 holds the auxiliary device 6 in service (points t7, t * 16>> - if the three values are equal, we consider that we are dealing with a sufficiently pronounced stagnation and we put or keeps the backup device 6 in service 10 (points t9, t16, t20, t21); - if the intermediate value is less than the last and equal to the most recent, the backup device is put on or maintained 6 at a standstill, because the decrease is not considered to be sufficiently pronounced 15 (points tg and t-dd); - if the intermediate value is greater than or equal to the most recent and greater than the ante-penultimate, there is no sufficiently pronounced decay or stagnation and the apparatus is put on or maintained 6 to 20 at the stop (points t4, t6, t ^, tH, t ^).

Initially, that is to say when the heating installation is started (point t ^), the auxiliary appliance 6 is switched off and kept there until the reading of the third value (point t ^).

25 In FIG. 2, the letters M and A indicate the changes of state of the auxiliary device 6. These changes of state occur when the decision taken at time t .j is opposite to that taken at l 'instant tn>

It is understood that the minimum duration of a sufficiently pronounced decrease is two time intervals while that of a sufficiently pronounced growth is one time interval.

Other characteristics of the process will appear in the description of the operation of the regulators 35 shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, and of the installation 8 shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in Figure 2, the probe 8 or 8a is connected to input 9 of a regulator 11 whose output 12, depending on whether it is in the state X = 0 or X = 1, command respec-5 the stop or operation of the auxiliary device 6.

The regulator 11 comprises an analog-to-digital converter 13 provided with an input 14 connected to the input 9 of the regulator and an input 16 connected to a clock 17 *

The output 18 of the converter 13 is connected to the input 19 of a first memory M1 of which an output 21 constitutes the input of a second memory M2 of which an output 22 in turn constitutes the input of a third memory M3 .

^ The memories M1, M2 and M3 also each have another output 23, 24, 26 respectively, these outputs each being connected to an input of a comparator 27 whose output 28 is connected to a calculation block 29. The output 12 of the regulator 11 is connected to the output of the 2 ° 29 calculation block.

>

To avoid inadvertent start-up of the backup system, when the heating is switched on, a validation circuit is added to the calculation circuit.

25 This circuit is composed of a shift register which will count three temperature taps. When the third temperature measurement is carried out, the calculation circuit is validated and the information present on its output will then attack a relay.

Other circuits very important for the good functioning of the system but useless for a good understanding are necessary.

Mention should be made of the clocks for generating temperature measurement tops, the sampling clock, the 9 pulse circuits, the delay circuits, the stabilized power supplies ^ five in number and the display circuits for the various signals, • v The regulator works as follows ï 5 - the regulator makes it possible to record three data staggered in time and to compare them two by two; - the probe 8 connected to the water return circuit, allows the return temperature to be measured in a range from + 10 ° C to + 60 ° C.

The signal being amplified, we go to the output of the second amplifier to have a voltage variation from 0 V for + 10 ° C to + 10 V for 60 ° C.

This voltage is introduced into the analog-digital converter 13 of eight binary digits, which g Ί5 allows 2 = 256 distinct steps of voltage.

A voltage step indicates the reading accuracy. In our case, this precision is:

60 - 10 = 50 = 0.19 0 C

256 256 20 This means that if the temperature increases by 0.19 ° C, the output binary weight increases by 1.

The binary word present at the output of the converter 13 is also present at the input of the first memory 11 and this will only be taken into account after the converter 13 has signaled that he has completed his conversion work. (signal end of conversion, or EOC).

The binary word is then taken into account as follows.

On the rising edge of the E.O.C. signal at the end of the conversion, the three memories see the contents of the master pass into the slave. This can be summarized by: - M2 -> transfer - ^ M3 - M1 - * transfer -> M2 - Converter output -> transfer -> M1.

35 We therefore proceeded to a right shift 10 of the months by 8 bits.

The rest of the operation is simple. The contents of the memories (M3 & M2) and (M2 & M1) are compared. This comparison will allow us to know the evolution of the temperature in the return circuit.

: ‘For that, let us draw up a table ï M3 & M2 M2 & M1 1 +. + -> JL-S · + 0 ^ 4 10 + _ ο + r g »y» · .. »h, 0 0

Mj_Mt o - \ n, + KipS * 15 - 0 —r * '- -

Mid

This table can be put in graphic form. From this table, let us draw up another which will indicate to us the possibilities of starting the backup.

Temperature evolution Authorization of accrini. Hy ^. NO

rii

Jr— *

^ U. NO

: * y \ ",

. * *. NO

not.

25. 'ï-jy *. NO

. £ - £ -? . YES

. CL..J1. YES

V

V

11. . no

• îS! T_ * · N0N

V *. 0U1

This "table will allow us to establish the operating equation for the calculation logic.

Let us denote by a the case where M2 CM1 = 0 (M2 = M1) "" c the case where M3 CM2 = 0 (M3 = M2)) ”" b the case where M1 CM2 <O (M1 <M2) "" d the case where M2 CM3 <0 (M2 <M3) 10 The equation of the system will then be X = (a + b). c + d

The diagram of the calculation unit comprises (FIG. 3) an "OR" gate 31 having as input a and b and the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of a gate 15 "AND" 32. The other input of gate 32 is connected to c. An "OR" gate 33, of which the inputs are connected one to, gate 32, the other to d, gives the information X at its output.

As shown in FIG. 4, an installation according to the invention, in which the basic device 4 is a heat pump and the auxiliary device 6 is constituted by electrical resistors, is supplied electrically between a phase P and a neutral not shown.

Phase P is led first by a common branch 34 which is then divided into a branch 36 connected to the base device 4 and a branch 37 to the auxiliary device 6.

A thermostat 38, the sensitive member 39 of which is mounted in the enclosure to be heated, controls a relay 41, the switch contact 42 of which is mounted on the branch 34. The sensitive member 39 can be replaced by a sensitive member 43 immersed in the heat transfer fluid near the heat energy distributor 2, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 4.

12

A regulator 11, for example of the kind shown in FIG. 2, has its input 9 connected to the probe 8.

The output as 12 (not shown) of the regulator 11 is connected to the winding of a relay 44 of which 5 the switch contact 46 is mounted on the branch 37 "

Means not shown are provided to inhibit the calculation unit 29 (fig. 2) of the regulator 11 at the start of the operation of the installation until the third sampled value is in memory, and to erase the contents of the memories at the end of the operation of the installation.

These means are in connection with the thermostat 38, as shown by the dashed line 47.

The installation which has just been described fοποί 5 operates as follows:

When the temperature recorded at the sensitive member 39 or 43 is too low compared to the set temperature, the thermostat 38 causes the contact 42 to close.

The basic device 4 is then supplied with electricity. ‘Three times and begins to heat the heat transfer fluid.

However, due to the means for inhibiting the calculation unit 29, until the third sampled value is in memory, the contact 46 is open and the auxiliary device 6 remains stationary.

When this third value is actually in memory M1, the operation of the regulator can for example be of the kind shown in FIG. 1.

If the temperature detected by the sensitive device ✓ 30 39 or 43 becomes too high compared to the setpoint, the thermostat 38 controls the opening of the contact 42 and the supply to the base 4 and auxiliary 6 devices is interrupted .

The contents of the memories M1, M2, M3 and erased, the contact 46 opens if it was not already open, and f 13 the installation is ready for a new heating request from the thermostat 38.

As shown in FIG. 5, the regulator can also be produced in micro-programmed form.

5 This regulator comprises, like that of FIG. 2, an analog-digital converter 13 connected to the probe 8, a read-only memory 51, an access memory 52 and a central unit 53.

A stabilized power supply 54 is connected 10 both to the converter 13 and to the read-only memory 51.

A group of eight lines 56 connected the converter 13 to the memory 51 to transpose the sampled values calculated by the converter into the memory 15 51.

A programmable counter 57, connected to memory 51, makes it possible to have a clock supplying memory 51 with tops with adjustable time interval from 2 to 9 seconds for example.

These tops are retransmitted from memory 51 to converter 13 by link 58. Another link 59 allows converter 13 to send to memory 51 the end of conversion signal each time 1a. binary formatting of a sampled value is complete.

Line 47 from the thermostat is connected to memory 51 to control the erasure of the values in memory when the installation is stopped.

A group of lines 61 ai "data bus" is used for transferring data from memory 51 to central processing unit 53 and from this latter to memory 52.

A group of lines 62 or "control BUS" is assigned to control in the memories 51, 52 the operations (read, write, etc.) requested by the central unit 53. Finally, a group of lines 63 or "Address BUS" "is used to provide in the memories 51, 52 the address of the information * 14 accessed by the central processing unit 53.

This regulator has two identical outputs 64, 65 apart from a time difference from one to the other. % 5 The operation of this regulator is essentially the same as that in Figure 2 if we do not go into the details of the electronics.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous arrangements can be made to the invention without departing from its scope.

This is how the invention can be applied to any heating system, for any use.

The heat transfer fluid circuit can be opened, as is the case if the heat transfer liquid is identical to the medium to be heated, "for example for heating swimming pool water.

The auxiliary device can be mounted upstream of the basic device, in parallel with it, or on a separate circuit, or even directly in the medium to be heated. It could, for example, be one or more electric convectors installed in the environment to heat up.

The number of regulator memories can be greater than 3, and the decision can be made by comparing more than 3 temperatures.

Claims (17)

1. A method for controlling a backup heater in a plant, further comprising a basic heater, a process in which a temperature representative of the condition of the plant is measured, characterized in that: evolution of this temperature as a function of time, in that the heating is stopped when a sufficiently pronounced growth phase of the temperature is detected and in that the heating is started 'booster device when a sufficiently pronounced temperature decrease phase is detected. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum duration of a sufficiently pronounced decay phase is greater than that of a sufficiently pronounced growth phase. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the start-up of the auxiliary device is controlled if a sufficiently pronounced stagnation of the temperature value is detected. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the stopping of the auxiliary device is controlled if a decay phase is detected followed by a temperature stagnation phase, both of which are too short for be considered sufficiently pronounced. , 5. Method according to one of claims 1 \ 4, wherein the base device and one auxiliary device are mounted in series on a common heat transfer fluid circuit 30, characterized in that the temperature is taken representative of the state of the installation the temperature of this fluid upstream of the auxiliary device. 6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that to note the evolution of 35 la. temperature, we measure the measurements of this / -16-: * r temperature and compare the sampled values with each other. 7, - Method according to claim 6, characterized in that one adjusts the time interval 5 sampling to adapt it to the installation. 8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that a decrease 10 or a stagnation of the temperature is considered to be sufficiently pronounced if it is recorded on three successive sampled values. 9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that one begins to analyze the evolution of the temperature a certain time after the start of the basic device. 10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that each sampled value is entered in a first memory, then in a second memory when a new sampled value is ready to be entered in the first memory. , then in a third memory when a third sampled value is ready in turn to be entered in the first memory. 11. A method according to claim 10, charac terized in that controls the start-up of the auxiliary device when 1a. logical function i X = (a + b). c + d takes the value 1, with 30. a = 1 if the values contained in the first two memories are equal; - b = 1 if the content of the first memory is less than that of the second memory; - c = 1 if the values contained in the two i-flcrni firpft mfimoîrps are poqIoc · - 17 - - d = 1 if the content of the second memory is less than that of the third memory. 12. Operating regulator for an auxiliary heating appliance forming part of an installation 5 also comprising a main heating appliance, in particular for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that '' it includes an analog-digital converter, an input of which is intended to be connected to a temperature probe of which the sensitive organ is in contact with a medium subjected to a temperature representative of the state of the installation, means for storing at least the last two digital values from the converter, means for comparing these digital values, and means for controlling the auxiliary device as a function of the result of this comparison. 13. Regulator according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises means for storing the last three numerical values coming from the converter, means for comparing the first and the second as well as the second and the third of these values, and a logical system for deciding whether to start and stop the auxiliary device as a function of the result of these comparisons. 14. Heating installation, in particular for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a basic heating appliance, an auxiliary heating appliance, a temperature probe whose sensitive member is in contact with a medium whose temperature is representative of the state of the installation, and a regulator controlling the operation of the auxiliary device as a function of the evolution of this temperature, characterized in that this installation comprises in addition a thermostatic system which controls the starting and stopping of the basic unit, and which. at the same time, prohibits or authorizes the operation of the auxiliary device. 4 '- - 18 - 15. Heating installation according to claim 14, characterized in that X * basic device is a heat pump. 16 Heating installation according to Reven-5 dication 14, characterized in that the basic device is a heating device operating from solar energy. 17. Installation according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the auxiliary device 10 is chosen from the following devices: electrical resistances, gas burner, oil burner.