LU504048B1 - Optical delay module and terahertz detection system - Google Patents
Optical delay module and terahertz detection system Download PDFInfo
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- LU504048B1 LU504048B1 LU504048A LU504048A LU504048B1 LU 504048 B1 LU504048 B1 LU 504048B1 LU 504048 A LU504048 A LU 504048A LU 504048 A LU504048 A LU 504048A LU 504048 B1 LU504048 B1 LU 504048B1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
- G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical delay module and a terahertz detection system. The optical delay module includes an optical input interface, an optical output interface, an optical conversion device, and a rotatable flywheel, where a circumferential side of the flywheel is provided with reflective regions with involute projection on a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the flywheel; and the optical input interface, the optical output interface, and the optical conversion device are located on a periphery of the flywheel. The optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure linearly changes an optical delay time with the rotation of the flywheel based on an involute principle. The optical delay module can achieve high-speed optical delays when the flywheel rotates at a high speed, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system.
Description
OPTICAL DELAY MODULE AND TERAHERTZ DETECTION SYSTEM
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of laser systems, and in particular to an optical delay module and a terahertz detection system.
The application of the existing terahertz detection system in practical engineering faces the bottleneck problem of low detection speed due to the lack of a large-range high-speed optical delay line. The optical delay line is an optic-electro-mechanical device that can change the optical path. In the terahertz detection system, the optical delay line can achieve linear scanning of time-domain signals to obtain complete terahertz time-domain pulse signals. The efficiency of the optical delay method directly determines the acquisition speed of the terahertz signals, which further determines the working efficiency of the terahertz detection system. Therefore, the design and development of the modular optical delay line is very important in the integration of the terahertz detection system, and the optical delay module is the key to improve the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system.
In the existing terahertz detection system, the optical delay module generally uses a stepper motor to drive the reflector (or right-angle reflector) on a micro displacement platform to move so as to change the optical path and achieve an optical delay. This optical delay method can be used for high-precision terahertz pulse reconstruction, but it requires significant time and cost. Generally, it takes seconds to minutes to scan a complete pulse signal, and at least hours to days to complete two-dimensional imaging of a large object, resulting in low detection efficiency.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical delay module and a terahertz detection system. The present disclosure solves the problem of low detection efficiency in the existing terahertz detection system due to the existing optical delay module, and comprehensively considers factors such as detection speed, detection accuracy, and the impact of device size and weight.
The optical delay module includes an optical input interface, an optical output interface, an optical conversion device, and a rotatable flywheel, where a circumferential side of the flywheel is provided with reflective regions with involute projection on a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the flywheel; and the optical input interface, the optical output interface, and the optical conversion device are located on a periphery of the flywheel; and a laser beam input from the optical input interface is directed to the reflective regions through the optical conversion device, reflected by the reflective regions, and directed to the optical output interface through the optical conversion device.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical input interface is configured to make the laser beam incident on the optical conversion device a Gaussian parallel laser beam.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the flywheel is a zero-phase starting flywheel.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, there are at least three reflective regions evenly spaced apart on the circumferential side of the flywheel.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the circumferential side of the flywheel is provided with connection regions, with one connection region provided between each two adjacent reflective regions; and the connection regions do not affect normal operation of the reflective regions.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical conversion device includes a high-polarization-ratio polarizer, a polarization beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, and a linear beam forming lens that are arranged sequentially from the optical input interface to the flywheel; and the linear beam forming lens is configured to form a linear beam; a polarization direction of the high-polarization-ratio polarizer coincides with a transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter; and the optical output interface corresponds to the polarization beam splitter; and the reflected laser beam from the reflective region passes through the linear beam forming lens, the quarter-wave plate, and the polarization beam splitter sequentially, and is guided to the optical output interface directly or through multiple reflectors.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the linear beam forming lens is at least one of a cylindrical lens, a pyramid lens and a meta-material lens.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical delay module further includes a controller, an encoder, a drive device, an input fiber coupler, and an output fiber coupler; the input fiber coupler and the output fiber coupler are respectively provided at the optical input interface and the optical output interface; the drive device is configured to drive the flywheel to rotate; and the drive device, the input fiber coupler, and the output fiber coupler are electrically connected to the controller.
According to the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the flywheel has a rotational speed of 18,000 rpm.
The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a terahertz detection system including the optical delay module.
The optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure linearly changes the optical delay time with the rotation of the flywheel based on the involute principle. The optical delay module can achieve high-speed optical delays when the flywheel rotates at a high speed, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system.
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the drawings in the following description show some embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an optical delay module with a zero-phase starting flywheel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an optical delay module with a Tr/2-phase starting flywheel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Reference Numerals: 100. optical delay module; 1. optical input interface; 2. optical output interface; 3. optical conversion device; 31. polarization beam splitter; 32. quarter-wave plate; 33. linear beam forming lens; 4. flywheel, 41. reflective region; and 42. connection region.
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, rather than all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical delay module for a terahertz detection system. FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the optical delay module provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the optical delay module 100 includes optical input interface 1, optical output interface 2, optical conversion device 3, and rotatable flywheel 4. A circumferential side of the flywheel 4 is provided with reflective regions 41 with involute projection on a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the flywheel 4. The optical input interface 1, the optical output interface 2, and the optical conversion device 3 are located on a periphery of the flywheel 4. A laser beam input from the optical input interface 1 (described below with a femtosecond laser beam as an example) is directed to the reflective regions 41 through the optical conversion device 3, reflected by the reflective regions 41, and directed to the optical output interface 2 through the optical conversion device 3. The projection of the reflective region
41 is an involute. À distance between a normal line passing through a point on the involute (an irradiation points of the femtosecond laser beam in the reflective region 41) and a tangent point of a base circle is equal to a radius of the base circle multiplied by a rotation angle of the point. This distance varies linearly with the rotation of the flywheel 4, such that an optical delay time varies linearly with the rotation of the flywheel 4. Through the rotating flywheel 4, the femtosecond laser beam irradiated in the reflective region 41 always returns in an original path (that is, the reflective region 41 reflects the femtosecond laser beam in reverse), and an optical path of the femtosecond laser beam varies linearly over a large range. The optical output interface 2 ensures that the laser beam incident on the optical conversion device 3 is a Gaussian parallel laser beam.
Generally, if the incident laser beam is transmitted through a fiber, the optical output interface 2 is a fiber-to-free-space coupling device. If the incident laser beam is transmitted through a free space, the optical output interface 2 is a confocal lens group or a reflector group.
The optical delay module 100 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure linearly changes the optical delay time with the rotation of the flywheel 4 based on the involute principle. The optical delay module 100 can achieve high-speed optical delays when the flywheel 4 rotates at a high speed, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system. In addition, the optical delay module can reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the integration and reliability of the terahertz detection system.
As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, there are at least three reflective regions 41 spaced apart on the circumferential side of the flywheel 4. Each of the reflective regions
41 of the flywheel 4 can achieve an optical delay. Therefore, the flywheel 4 can achieve multiple optical delays by rotating one cycle, thereby achieving high-speed optical delays.
For example, in this embodiment, the circumferential side of the flywheel 4 is provided with four evenly spaced reflective regions 41 on the circumferential side of the flywheel 4.
The structure of the flywheel 4 is relatively simple.
As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the circumferential side of the flywheel 4 is provided with connection regions 42, with one connection region 42 provided between each two adjacent reflective regions 41. The connection regions 42 do not affect the normal operation of the reflective regions 41. Specifically, in this embodiment, the connection regions 42 are parallel to the rotational axis of the flywheel 4. Projection of the connection region 42 on the plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the flywheel 4 is a connection line that does not affect the normal operation of the reflective region 41 and has a connection role. The connection line may be any straight line, any curve, or a combination of any straight line and any curve.
The optical input interface 1, the optical output interface 2, and the optical conversion device 3 are located on the periphery of the flywheel 4. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the optical input interface 1, the optical conversion device 3, and the flywheel 4 are arranged in a first direction, and the optical conversion device 3 is located between the optical input interface 1 and the flywheel 4. The optical output interface 2 is located at a side of the optical conversion device 3 in a second direction. The first direction intersects the second direction. In this way, the main components of the optical delay module 100 are arranged compactly, thereby reducing the volume of the optical delay module 100.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the first direction, the second direction, and the rotational axis of the flywheel 4 are perpendicular on a pairwise basis.
The optical input interface 1, the optical output interface 2, the optical conversion device 3, and the flywheel 4 are located in one plane to reduce the volume of the optical delay module 100.
Generally, the optical delay module 100 further includes a controller, an encoder, a drive device, an input fiber coupler, and an output fiber coupler. The input fiber coupler and the output fiber coupler are respectively provided at the optical input interface 1 and the optical output interface 2. The drive device is configured to drive the flywheel 4 to rotate. The drive device, the input fiber coupler, and the output fiber coupler are electrically connected to the controller. The optical delay module 100 includes optical devices, optic-electro-mechanical devices, and a mounting bracket. The optical devices include the optical conversion device 3, the input fiber coupler, and the output fiber coupler. The optic-electro-mechanical devices include the flywheel 4, the drive device, an encoder, the controller, a drive command, a communication interface, and a tail fiber.
The optical delay module 100 provides two fiber interfaces (i.e. the optical input interface 1 and the optical output interface 2) for inputting and outputting the laser beams, respectively. Power supply and control interfaces of the drive device are configured to control a rotational speed of the flywheel 4. The drive command includes an acquisition trigger signal. The acquisition trigger signal is configured to trigger an acquisition card to acquire a signal, so as to achieve high-precision equal-angle sampling.
The optical delay line has a fast but not infinitely fast rotational speed. The optical delay line is limited by the speeds of devices such as motor and acquisition card. The optical delay line is also affected by an error in a beam divergence angle, which is limited by a depth of field in which the beam is focused. The optical delay line is spatially limited by a blade size of the flywheel. A larger blade size of the flywheel leads to a greater error.
The optical delay line is also affected by a surface shape error. The various factors restrict each other. Therefore, in order to achieve a faster speed, it is necessary to maximize the delay range with a minimum size and weight or minimize the size of the optical delay module with the required delay range. The speed, range, size, and error must be comprehensively considered. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the flywheel 4 is a zero-phase starting flywheel provided with a zero-phase starting point involute reflective surface and multiple reflective regions. This is the key to achieving small size, large range, and high-speed optical delays. The design is beneficial to the integration of the terahertz detection system, especially for scenarios with high requirements for the detection speed or volume and weight of the detection device.
As shown in FIG. 1, the reflective region 41 includes a proximal end close to the rotational axis of the flywheel 4 and a distal end away from the rotational axis of the flywheel 4. The flywheel 4 is a zero-phase starting flywheel, that is, one optical delay starts from the distal end of the reflective region 41 to the proximal end of the reflective region 41. Under the premise of the same amount of delay, the design reduces the size and mass of the zero-phase starting flywheel 4 to increase the rotational speed of the flywheel 4, thereby improving the delay efficiency. Moreover, by reducing the size and mass of the flywheel 4, the vibration error can be reduced to effectively improve signal stability. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is assumed that the flywheel 4 is a four-blade flywheel (i.e. the flywheel 4 includes four reflective regions 41) with a delay time of 300 ps. If the flywheel 4 is a T/2-phase starting flywheel, a circumradius of the flywheel is 94.38 mm. If the flywheel 4 is a zero-phase starting flywheel, the circumradius of the flywheel is 53.31 mm.
In the embodiment, the rotational speed of the flywheel 4 is 18,000 rpm. If the flywheel 4 is a four-blade flywheel, a scanning speed of the optical delay module 100 is 1,200-time domain pulses per second, which indicates a fast-scanning imaging speed.
When the femtosecond laser beam is irradiated in the reflective region 41, due to the influence of the physical size on focusing the femtosecond laser beam, it cannot form an ideal linear beam, and therefore there is a reflection error. To reduce the reflection error, it is necessary to narrow the linear beam. In addition, when the flywheel 4 rotates, the interaction position between the incident beam and the reflective region 41 changes linearly and dynamically, which is also the principle for the optical delay. However, there is a systematic deviation in the interface reflectivity of the converging beam at different locations on the reflective region 41. When a midpoint of the delay amount is located on a focal plane of the converging beam, the system error at both ends of the reflective region 41 is minimized. Therefore, it is required that the focal depth of the optical beam be maximized and cover the delay amount range of the flywheel 4. However, the long focal length and narrow beam are mutually constrained. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the optical conversion device 3 includes a high-polarization-ratio polarizer (not shown in the figure), polarization beam splitter 31, quarter-wave plate 32, and linear beam forming lens 33 that are arranged sequentially from the optical input interface 1 to the flywheel 4. The linear beam forming lens 33 is configured to form a linear beam. A polarization direction of the high-polarization-ratio polarizer coincides with a transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter 31. The optical output interface 2 corresponds to the polarization beam splitter 31. The reflected laser beam from the reflective region 41 passes through the linear beam forming lens 33, the quarter-wave plate 32, and the polarization beam splitter 31 sequentially, and is directed to the optical output interface 2 (the outgoing laser beam from the polarization beam splitter 31 can be guided to the optical output interface 2 directly or through multiple reflectors). The linear beam forming lens 33 can be a cylindrical lens, a pyramid lens, a meta-material lens, or a combination thereof. The parameters of the linear beam forming lens 33 can be reasonably configured to obtain a narrow beam with a long depth of field, thereby further improving system performance.
As shown in FIG. 1, the optical input interface 1, the optical output interface 2, the optical conversion device 3, and the flywheel 4 can be arranged on a same housing or base to ensure that the femtosecond laser beam is centered on the same plane. The incident femtosecond laser beam passes through the input fiber coupler at the optical input interface 1 and is converted into a collimated femtosecond plane wave at an end of the fiber through the input fiber coupler. The collimated femtosecond plane wave is perpendicularly directed to the polarization beam splitter 31. Through adjustment, the polarization direction of the femtosecond laser beam coincides with the transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter 31. The transmitted laser beam passes through the quarter-wave plate 32 to form a circularly polarized laser beam. The circularly polarized laser beam passes through a cylindrical lens and is converged into a linear laser beam. The linear laser beam is perpendicularly directed to the reflective region 41 of the flywheel 4. Through precise adjustment, the reflected laser beam returns on an original path as the flywheel 4 rotates. The oppositely directed laser beam turns to a collimated laser beam after passing through the cylindrical lens. After passing through the quarter-wave plate 32, the collimated laser beam is converted from the circularly polarized laser beam to linearly polarized laser beam. However, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized laser beam is perpendicular to that of the original incident laser beam. Therefore, it cannot pass through the polarization beam splitter 31, but is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 31. The reflected laser beam is coupled by the output fiber coupler and enters the output fiber at the optical output interface 2.
The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a terahertz detection system including the optical delay module. The optical delay module greatly improves the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system, for example, making the terahertz detection system meet the practical requirements of applications in engine detection engineering.
For example, the traditional linear motor delay method cannot achieve a delay range of 300 ps and a detection speed of >100 Hz. The voice coil vibration delay method can hardly achieve the delay range of 300 ps. The asynchronous sampling delay method can achieve these two indicators, but requires two laser devices and an asynchronous signal sampling system. The frequency jitter in the asynchronous sampling system can cause hard-to-control system errors, and the cost of the asynchronous sampling delay method is several times higher than the cost of the optical delay module.
Practical Applicability
The optical delay module provided by the present disclosure linearly changes the optical delay time with the rotation of the flywheel based on the involute principle. The optical delay module can achieve high-speed optical delays when the flywheel rotates at a high speed, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency of the terahertz detection system. Therefore, the optical delay module and the terahertz detection system of the present disclosure are both practical.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions to some technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An optical delay module, comprising an optical input interface, an optical output interface, an optical conversion device, and a rotatable flywheel, wherein a circumferential side of the flywheel is provided with reflective regions with involute projection on a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the flywheel; and the optical input interface, the optical output interface, and the optical conversion device are located on a periphery of the flywheel; and a laser beam input from the optical input interface is directed to the reflective regions through the optical conversion device, reflected by the reflective regions, and directed to the optical output interface through the optical conversion device.
2. The optical delay module according to claim 1, wherein the optical input interface is configured to make the laser beam incident on the optical conversion device a Gaussian parallel laser beam.
3. The optical delay module according to claim 1, wherein the flywheel is a zero-phase starting flywheel.
4. The optical delay module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there are at least three reflective regions evenly spaced apart on the circumferential side of the flywheel.
5. The optical delay module according to claim 4, wherein the circumferential side of the flywheel is provided with connection regions, with one connection region provided between each two adjacent reflective regions; and the connection regions do not affect normal operation of the reflective regions.
6. The optical delay module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optical conversion device comprises a high-polarization-ratio polarizer, a polarization beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, and a linear beam forming lens that are arranged sequentially from the optical input interface to the flywheel; and the linear beam forming lens is configured to form a linear beam; a polarization direction of the high-polarization-ratio polarizer coincides with a transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter; and the optical output interface corresponds to the polarization beam splitter; and the reflected laser beam from the reflective region passes through the linear beam forming lens, the quarter-wave plate, and the polarization beam splitter sequentially, and is guided to the optical output interface directly or through multiple reflectors.
7. The optical delay module according to claim 6, wherein the linear beam forming lens is at least one of a cylindrical lens, a pyramid lens and a meta-material lens.
8. The optical delay module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optical delay module further comprises a controller, an encoder, a drive device, an input fiber coupler, and an output fiber coupler; the input fiber coupler and the output fiber coupler are respectively provided at the optical input interface and the optical output interface; the drive device is configured to drive the flywheel to rotate; and the drive device, the input fiber coupler, and the output fiber coupler are electrically connected to the controller.
9. The optical delay module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flywheel has a rotational speed of 18,000 rpm.
10. A terahertz detection system, comprising the optical delay module according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| LU504048A LU504048B1 (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Optical delay module and terahertz detection system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| LU504048A LU504048B1 (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2023-04-24 | Optical delay module and terahertz detection system |
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