LU502975B1 - Capturing system and capturing method for carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Capturing system and capturing method for carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
LU502975B1
LU502975B1 LU502975A LU502975A LU502975B1 LU 502975 B1 LU502975 B1 LU 502975B1 LU 502975 A LU502975 A LU 502975A LU 502975 A LU502975 A LU 502975A LU 502975 B1 LU502975 B1 LU 502975B1
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LU
Luxembourg
Prior art keywords
tower
carbon dioxide
capture
gas
rich solution
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LU502975A
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German (de)
Inventor
Xiangyang Liu
Shaoxuan Huang
Maogang He
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Univ Xi An Jiaotong
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Priority to LU502975A priority Critical patent/LU502975B1/en
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Publication of LU502975B1 publication Critical patent/LU502975B1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475Removing carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/102Nitrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbon dioxide capturing system and relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, wherein the carbon dioxide capturing system comprises a flue gas separator, a membrane separator, an air compressor, a capture tower, a flash tower, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a carbon dioxide post-treatment device which are arranged in sequence, wherein a bottom part of the capture tower is provided with a rich solution outlet pipe, the rich solution outlet pipe is connected with a rich solution inlet pipe of the flash tower through a rich solution pump, and a lean solution outlet pipe of the flash tower is communicated with a lean solution inlet pipe of the capture tower; with the arrangement of the present invention, a carbon dioxide capturing method and a carbon dioxide capturing system with low energy consumption are provided.

Description

BL-5580 1
SPECIFICATION 006975
CAPTURING SYSTEM AND CAPTURING METHOD FOR
CARBON DIOXIDE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, and in particular to a capturing system and a capturing method for carbon dioxide.
BACKGROUND
The total carbon dioxide emissions from global coal-fired power plants are 10.10 billion tons in 2019, which accounts for 30.27% of the global total carbon emissions, and therefore, the reduction of the carbon dioxide emissions from the coal-fired power plants is the key to realizing “peak carbon dioxide emissions” and “carbon neutrality”. Carbon dioxide capturing technology is one of the important means for reducing carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants, and there are various existing carbon dioxide capturing technical routes, where a solvent absorption method is the only practical commercial technical route. At present, all carbon dioxide capturing devices of coal-fired power plants adopt alkanolamine solutions as absorption solvents, capture carbon dioxide by means of chemical absorption, and have higher efficiency but large regeneration energy consumption. In addition to the solvent absorption method, the membrane separation method is another efficient carbon dioxide capturing method, where the carbon dioxide in flue gas 1s separated by utilizing the specific structure of a separation membrane for selective permeability of carbon dioxide gas. The membrane separation method for capturing carbon dioxide has low energy consumption, but has selective crossover to gas and limited service life, which all limit the economic performance of the membrane separation method.
In summary, the solvent absorption method and the membrane separation
BL-5580 2
LU502975 method have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the existing carbon dioxide capturing system adopts a single technical route. In order to further reduce the energy consumption in the carbon dioxide capturing process, a capturing system with better performance is urgently needed.
SUMMARY
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a capturing system and a capturing method for carbon dioxide.
In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a carbon dioxide capturing system comprises a flue gas separator, a membrane separator, an air compressor, a capture tower, a flash tower, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a carbon dioxide post-treatment device which are arranged in sequence; wherein a bottom part of the capture tower is provided with a rich solution outlet pipe, the rich solution outlet pipe of the capture tower is communicated with a rich solution inlet pipe of the flash tower through a rich solution pump, and a lean solution outlet pipe of the flash tower is communicated with a lean solution inlet pipe of the capture tower through a lean solution pump.
Further, the flue gas separator is communicated with a membrane separator gas inlet hole through an induced draft fan.
Further, the membrane separator is of a cavity structure, two ends of the membrane separator are provided with a membrane separator gas inlet hole and a membrane separator gas outlet hole, respectively, a plurality of layers of separation membranes are arranged within the cavity, a head end and a tail end of the separation membrane are arranged within the cavity through a separation membrane head part and a separation membrane tail part, respectively, and the cavity of the separation membrane is further provided with a residual gas discharge hole configured to discharge
BL-5580 3
LU502975 residual gas.
Further, the compressor is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is provided with a valve, and the valve is configured to control flow.
Further, the capture tower is of a cavity structure, the cavity 1s provided with a capture tower gas outlet hole, a lean solution inlet pipe, a capture tower gas inlet hole and a rich solution outlet pipe in a bottom-to-top sequence, and capture filler is arranged between the lean solution inlet pipe and the capture tower gas inlet hole.
Furthermore, the bottom part of the capture tower is provided with a capture tower fixing frame, and the capture tower fixing frame is adapted to be mounted on a capture tower base.
Further, the flash tower is of a cavity structure and is provided with a flash tower gas outlet hole, a rich solution inlet pipe and a lean solution outlet pipe in a bottom-to-top sequence, and a plurality of layers of desorption partition plates arranged in parallel are arranged within a cavity between the rich solution inlet pipe and the lean solution outlet pipe.
Furthermore, a bottom part of the flash tower is provided with a flash tower fixing frame, and the flash tower fixing frame is adapted to be mounted on a flash tower base.
A carbon dioxide capturing method utilizes the above carbon dioxide capturing system and comprises the following steps:
S1: firstly introducing flue gas into the flue gas separator to remove solid impurities, and conveying the flue gas into the membrane separator through the induced draft fan;
S2: preliminarily separating the flue gas by the membrane separator, separating part of nitrogen gas in the flue gas, directly discharging the separated nitrogen gas, making the remaining gas flow into the air
BL-5580 4
LU502975 compressor for compression, and conveying the remaining gas into the capture tower;
S3: uniformly spraying the captured lean solution into the capture tower through a spraying nozzle at a top part of the capture tower, making the lean solution absorb the compressed high-pressure flue gas to form a rich solution, making the rich solution fall into a rich solution pool at the bottom part of the capture tower, and conveying the rich solution to a rich solution inlet of the flash tower through the rich solution pump arranged at a rich solution outlet;
S4: making the rich solution enter the flash tower for decompression and desorption, discharging the desorbed carbon dioxide from a top of the tower, making the desorbed lean solution fall into a lean solution pool at a bottom of the tower, and discharging the desorbed lean solution from a lean solution outlet;
S5: making the desorbed lean solution flow into the capture tower through the lean solution pump to be captured again, and circularly repeating the above steps; and
S6: cooling the carbon dioxide discharged from the top part of the flash tower by a carbon dioxide cooling device, then making the cooled carbon dioxide enter the post-treatment module for purifying, adsorbing by a molecular sieve, condensing and refining, and finally obtaining the carbon dioxide with high purity.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
The present invention provides a carbon dioxide capturing technology by a physical absorption method, which captures carbon dioxide by utilizing the solubility difference of the carbon dioxide in a solvent under different pressures and preliminarily separates nitrogen gas in flue gas of a power plant by combining a membrane separation method, thereby reducing the
BL-5580 5
LU502975 power consumption of compressing the flue gas in the capturing process.
In addition, in the capture tower, the capture solution is sprayed from top to bottom by a spraying nozzle, the flue gas enters the tower from the gas inlet hole below the tower and flows from bottom to top, and the capture solution and the flue gas are subjected to a mass transfer in the porous capture filler in the tower, so that the mass transfer efficiency in the capturing process is greatly improved; a set of desorption partition plates is designed in the flash tower to disturb the flow of the rich solution to promote the efficiency of the desorption process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this specification, are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the carbon dioxide capturing system provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a capture tower;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a flash tower; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a separation membrane.
In the figure: 1. flue gas separator, 2. induced draft fan, 3. membrane separator, 4. air compressor, 5. capture tower, 6. rich solution pump, 7. lean solution pump, 8. flash tower, 9. carbon dioxide cooler, 10. carbon dioxide post-treatment device, 11. capture tower gas outlet hole, 12. lean solution inlet pipe, 13. spraying nozzle, 14. capture filler, 15. capture tower gas inlet hole, 16. rich solution outlet pipe, 17. capture tower fixing frame, 18. capture tower base, 19. flash tower gas outlet hole, 20. rich
BL-5580 6
LU502975 solution inlet pipe, 21. desorption partition plate, 22. lean solution outlet pipe, 23. flash tower fixing frame, 24. flash tower base, 25. membrane separator gas inlet hole, 26. separation membrane head part, 27. residual gas discharge hole, 28. separation membrane, 29. separation membrane tail part, and 30. membrane separator gas outlet hole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The technical schemes in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention but not all of them.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “in”, “out” and the like are those shown based on the accompanying drawings, are merely intended to facilitate and simplify description rather than indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific direction and be structured and operated according to the specific direction, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to FIGs. 1-4, a carbon dioxide capturing system comprises a flue gas separator, a membrane separator 3, an air compressor 4, a capture tower 5, a flash tower 8, a carbon dioxide cooler 9 and a carbon dioxide post-treatment device 10 which are arranged in sequence; wherein the flue gas separator 1 is a cyclone separator for removing solid impurities such as dust and the like, a gas outlet end of the flue gas separator 1 1s provided with an induced draft fan 2, and the induced draft fan 2 is arranged between the flue gas separator 1 and the membrane separator 3; the membrane separator 3 1s of a cavity structure, two ends thereof are
BL-5580 7
LU502975 provided with a membrane separator gas inlet hole 25 and a membrane separator gas outlet hole 30, respectively, a plurality of layers of separation membranes 28 are arranged within the cavity, a head end and a tail end of the separation membrane 28 are arranged within the cavity through a separation membrane head part 26 and a separation membrane tail part 29, respectively, and the cavity of the separation membrane is further provided with a residual gas discharge hole 27 configured to discharge residual gas; the separation membrane in the membrane separator 3 is fixed between the separation membrane head part 26 and the separation membrane tail part 29, the flue gas flows in from the membrane separator gas inlet hole 25, the separated nitrogen gas flows out from the residual gas discharge hole 27, and the residual flue gas flows out from the residual gas discharge hole 27, the flue gas flowing out from the membrane separator 3 flows to a flue gas compressor 4 for compression and then flows into a capture tower 5 for capturing, wherein the flue gas compressor 4 is a multi-stage air compressor; the capture tower 5 is of a cavity structure, the cavity is provided with a capture tower gas outlet hole 11, a lean solution inlet pipe 12, a capture tower gas inlet hole 15 and a rich solution outlet pipe 16 in a bottom-to-top sequence, a capture filler 14 is arranged between the lean solution inlet pipe 12 and the capture tower gas inlet hole 15, the bottom part of the capture tower 5 1s provided with a capture tower fixing frame 17, and the capture tower fixing frame 17 is adapted to be mounted on a capture tower base 18, the compressed flue gas flows into the capture tower 5 from a gas inlet hole of the tower, the gas flows from bottom to top, the captured lean solution flows in from the lean solution inlet pipe 12 and is uniformly sprayed into the capture tower through a spray nozzle 13, the flue gas and
BL-5580 8
LU502975 the captured lean solution are fully mixed and absorbed in the capture filler 14, the obtained rich solution falls to the bottom of the capture tower and flows out through the rich solution outlet pipe 16, and the obtained rich solution is conveyed into the flash tower 7 through the rich solution pump 4 for decompression and desorption to release carbon dioxide; and the flash tower 7 is of a cavity structure and is provided with a flash tower gas outlet hole 19, a rich solution inlet pipe 20 and a lean solution outlet pipe 22 in a bottom-to-top sequence, a bottom part of the flash tower 8 is provided with a flash tower fixing frame 23, the flash tower fixing frame 23 is adapted to be mounted on a flash tower base 24, a plurality of layers of desorption partition plates 21 arranged in parallel are arranged within a cavity between the rich solution inlet pipe 20 and the lean solution outlet pipe 22, the rich solution flows through the desorption partition plates 21 inside to promote the desorption process, and desorbed carbon dioxide 1s discharged from a flash tower gas outlet hole 19, the desorbed lean solution falls into the lean solution outlet pipe 24, flows out from the flash tower 8, and is conveyed into the capture tower 5 through the lean solution pump 7.
The bottom part of the capture tower is provided with the rich solution outlet pipe 16, the rich solution flowing out from the capture tower 5 flows into the flash tower 8 through the rich solution pump 6 for decompression and desorption, and the desorbed lean solution is discharged from the lean solution outlet pipe 22 in the flash tower 8 and flows into the capture tower 5 through the lean solution pump 8 for circulation again.
The working principle and using process of the present invention are as follows: a carbon dioxide capturing method utilizes the above carbon dioxide
BL-5580 9
LU502975 capturing system and comprises the following steps:
S1: firstly introducing flue gas into the flue gas separator to remove solid impurities, and conveying the flue gas into the membrane separator 3 through the induced draft fan 2;
S2: preliminarily separating the flue gas by the membrane separator 3, separating nitrogen gas in the flue gas, directly discharging the separated nitrogen gas, making the remaining gas flow into the air compressor 4 for compression, and conveying the remaining gas into the capture tower 5;
S3: uniformly spraying the captured lean solution into the capture tower 5 through a spraying nozzle 13 at a top part of the capture tower 5, making the lean solution absorb the compressed high-pressure flue gas to form a rich solution, making the rich solution fall into a rich solution pool at the bottom part of the capture tower 5, and conveying the rich solution to the flash tower 8 through the rich solution pump 6 arranged at a rich solution outlet.
S4: making the rich solution enter the flash tower 8 for decompression and desorption, discharging the desorbed carbon dioxide from a top of the tower, making the desorbed lean solution fall to a bottom of the tower, and discharging the desorbed lean solution from a lean solution outlet 23;
S5: making the decompressed and desorbed lean solution flowing out from the flash tower 9 enter the capture tower 5 through the lean solution pump 8 to be captured again, and circularly repeating the above steps; and
S6: cooling the carbon dioxide discharged from the top part of the flash tower 9 by a carbon dioxide cooler 11, then making the cooled carbon dioxide enter the post-treatment module for purifying, adsorbing by a molecular sieve, condensing and refining, and obtaining the carbon dioxide with high purity.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
BL-5580 10
LU502975 and equivalent replacements or changes made by any of those familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

BL-5580 11 CLAIMS LU502975
1. A carbon dioxide capturing system, comprising a flue gas separator, a membrane separator, an air compressor, a capture tower, a flash tower, a carbon dioxide cooling device and a carbon dioxide post-treatment device which are arranged in sequence; wherein a bottom part of the capture tower is provided with a rich solution outlet pipe, the rich solution outlet pipe of the capture tower is communicated with a rich solution inlet pipe of the flash tower through a rich solution pump, and a lean solution outlet pipe of the flash tower is communicated with a lean solution inlet pipe of the capture tower through a lean solution pump.
2. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas separator is communicated with a membrane separator gas inlet hole through an induced draft fan.
3. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 1, wherein the membrane separator is of a cavity structure, two ends thereof are provided with a membrane separator gas inlet hole and a membrane separator gas outlet hole, respectively, a plurality of layers of separation membranes are arranged within the cavity, a head end and a tail end of the separation membrane are arranged within the cavity through a separation membrane head part and a separation membrane tail part, respectively, and the cavity of the separation membrane is further provided with a residual gas discharge hole configured to discharge residual gas.
4. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 1, wherein the compressor is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is provided with a valve, and the valve is configured to control flow.
5. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 1, wherein the capture tower is of a cavity structure, the cavity is provided with a capture
BL-5580 12 LU502975 tower gas outlet hole, a lean solution inlet pipe, a capture tower gas inlet hole and a rich solution outlet pipe in a bottom-to-top sequence, and a capture filler is arranged between the lean solution inlet pipe and the capture tower gas inlet hole.
6. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 5, wherein the bottom part of the capture tower is provided with a capture tower fixing frame, and the capture tower fixing frame is adapted to be mounted on a capture tower base.
7. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 1, wherein the flash tower is of a cavity structure and is provided with a flash tower gas outlet hole, a rich solution inlet pipe and a lean solution outlet pipe in a bottom-to-top sequence, and a plurality of layers of desorption partition plates arranged in parallel are arranged within a cavity between the rich solution inlet pipe and the lean solution outlet pipe.
8. The carbon dioxide capturing system according to claim 7, wherein a bottom part of the flash tower is provided with a flash tower fixing frame, and the flash tower fixing frame is adapted to be mounted on a flash tower base.
9. A carbon dioxide capturing method, utilizing the carbon dioxide capturing system according to any one of claims 1-8 and comprising the following steps: S1: firstly introducing flue gas into the flue gas separator to remove solid impurities, and conveying the flue gas into the membrane separator through the induced draft fan; S2: preliminarily separating the flue gas by the membrane separator, separating part of nitrogen gas in the flue gas, directly discharging the separated nitrogen gas, making the remaining gas flow into the air compressor for compression, and conveying the remaining gas into the capture tower;
BL-5580 13 LU502975 S3: uniformly spraying the captured lean solution into the capture tower through a spraying nozzle at a top part of the capture tower, making the lean solution absorb the compressed high-pressure flue gas to form a rich solution, making the rich solution fall into a rich solution pool at the bottom part of the capture tower, and conveying the rich solution to a rich solution inlet of the flash tower through the rich solution pump arranged at a rich solution outlet; S4: making the rich solution enter the flash tower for decompression and desorption, discharging the desorbed carbon dioxide from a top of the tower, making the desorbed lean solution fall into a lean solution pool at a bottom of the tower, and discharging the desorbed lean solution from a lean solution outlet; S5: making the desorbed lean solution flow into the capture tower through the lean solution pump to be captured again, and circularly repeating the above steps; and S6: cooling the carbon dioxide discharged from the top part of the flash tower by a carbon dioxide cooling device, then making the cooled carbon dioxide enter the post-treatment module for purifying, adsorbing by a molecular sieve, condensing and refining, and finally obtaining the carbon dioxide with high purity.
LU502975A 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Capturing system and capturing method for carbon dioxide LU502975B1 (en)

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LU502975A LU502975B1 (en) 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Capturing system and capturing method for carbon dioxide

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LU502975A LU502975B1 (en) 2022-10-31 2022-10-31 Capturing system and capturing method for carbon dioxide

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113856419A (en) * 2021-11-02 2021-12-31 西安交通大学 Carbon dioxide capture system and capture method
CN114917736A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-19 重庆远达烟气治理特许经营有限公司科技分公司 System and method for treating flue gas containing carbon dioxide and power generation system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113856419A (en) * 2021-11-02 2021-12-31 西安交通大学 Carbon dioxide capture system and capture method
CN114917736A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-19 重庆远达烟气治理特许经营有限公司科技分公司 System and method for treating flue gas containing carbon dioxide and power generation system

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Effective date: 20240430