LU103209B1 - CHARGING MODE SWITCHING CHARGING SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS TO BE CHARGED - Google Patents

Abstract

Charging mode switching charging system (1) for energy storage devices to be charged, in particular for a novel multi-contact charging plug (2) for preferred use in charging electric vehicles on land, in the air, and on water. The novel multi-contact charging plug (2) is designed to be more efficient and easier to handle than existing plugs by enabling dynamic switching between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) mode during the charging process. The invention is intended to offer electric vehicle owners situation-specific and efficient charging options and promote the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles by eliminating processing bottlenecks at rapid charging stations that are explicitly operated with direct current (DC) through user-controlled switching between DC and alternating current/three-phase alternating current (AC), which enables switching to other charging options.

Description

Charging mode switching system for energy storage devices to be charged

Technical field

The present invention relates to a charging mode switching charging system (1) for batteries to be charged

Energy storage device, in particular a multi-contact charging plug (2) for use in

Charging an energy storage device for electric vehicles. The multi-contact charging plug (2) is designed to be more efficient and easier to handle than existing plugs by being able to switch between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) operation and/or vice versa. The invention is intended to provide owners of electric vehicles with situation-appropriate and efficient charging options and promote the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles by eliminating bottlenecks in processing at fast charging stations that are explicitly equipped with

Direct current (DC) can be eliminated by user-controlled switching between DC and alternating current/three-phase alternating current (AC), thereby

Switching to other charging options is possible.

State of the art

Charging plugs are connectors used to charge an electrical device, such as

For example, connecting an electric vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle on land, water, or in the air, to a charging source, such as a charging station, to charge the vehicle battery. These connectors come in different shapes and sizes, depending on the region and type of charging system used, and should be designed to

Can transfer electricity safely and efficiently from the charging station to the electric vehicle's battery.

The power can be transmitted in two different ways. Specifically for electric vehicles, there are two main types of charging plugs: AC (alternating current) and

DC (Direct Current). AC plugs are used for slower charging, typically at home or in public places such as parking lots, while DC plugs are used for faster charging, typically at special

Fast charging stations. Direct current charging modes (DC modes) offer higher performance and can charge the battery directly, which offers a time advantage, but are technically more complex to install and, due to the higher requirements on the

Charging stations represent an obstacle to the spread of this technology.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

AC plugs are either Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the region. Type 1 plugs are mainly used in North America, while Type 2 plugs are used throughout Europe and other parts of the world. These plugs are designed for the transmission of

current at lower voltages and currents.

DC plugs, on the other hand, usually use a CHAdeMO or Combined Charging

System (CCS) plug. CHAdeMO is a Japanese standard that is widely used in Asia and Europe, while CCS is a global standard that is widespread in North America and

Europe. These plugs are designed to deliver power with higher

can transmit voltage and current, which enables faster charging times.

Charging plugs for electric vehicles are therefore a crucial component of the

Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles and play an important role in the broad

Introduction of electric vehicles. The regionally used

Systems:

American car plugs are usually designed for use with AC

charging systems and is often equipped with a J1772 connector. This connector has five pins, including two for AC power, two for

Data communication and one for safety grounding. American car charging plugs typically operate at 120 or 240 volts and are primarily used in North America. Asian car charging sockets, on the other hand, often use a CHAdeMO

Plug for DC charging. This plug has four pins and is for

Designed for high-performance operation, which enables faster charging times. Asian

Car charging plugs are used primarily in Japan, but also in other parts of Asia and

Europe. European car charging plugs are generally designed for use with

AC charging systems and often use a Type 2 connector (also known as a Mennekes connector, Fig 1). This connector has seven pins, including three for AC power, two for data communication, and two for

Safety earthing. European car charging plugs usually operate at 230 V or 400

V and are used throughout Europe.

While American, Asian, and European car chargers differ in terms of their connectors and voltage requirements, efforts have been made to standardize electric vehicle charging systems worldwide. For example, the Combined Charging System (CCS) is a standard widely used in both Europe and North America, which supports both AC and DC charging.

charging options and is defined by the IEC 62196 standard. This standard helps ensure that electric vehicles, regardless of their origin or manufacturer, are

A variety of different charging systems can be used.

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IEC 62196-1 is a technical standard that specifies requirements and test methods for plugs, LU103209

Sockets, connectors and cables for electric vehicles.

Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The standard defines various parameters and characteristics that chargers must meet to ensure safe and reliable operation. These include the maximum

Voltage, current and power that the charger can deliver, as well as requirements for communication protocols, electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility.

One of the most important parts of the IEC 62196-1 standard is the definition of a

Standard plug for AC charging systems, the so-called Type 2 plug (also known as Mennekes plug, Fig. 1). This plug is widely used in Europe and is compatible with most AC charging stations. In Europe, in addition to the single-phase

AC mode (which is common in the USA, among others) also a three-phase

AC mode can be used, which provides higher power and therefore shorter

In Europe, the CCS Combo 2 standard is established, which replaces the Type 2

Plug (Mennekes) compatible charging plug with two contacts for DC charging. CCS1 is the standard used primarily in North America. It uses the Type 1 AC charging plug (SAE J1772) as a base and adds two additional

DC contacts for fast charging functions. The CCS1 connector was

Designed to meet the North American power grid and vehicle systems and is certified to ISO/IEC 62196-3 for the DC and SAE J1772 for the AC part of the

Plug standardized.

A major disadvantage is that there is no provision for switching between DC and AC operating modes. The end user generally prefers DC mode to save time, which leads to a higher load on the charging infrastructure. Furthermore, the charging speeds of DC charging at high charging capacities (from

Example 80%) to those of AC charging, thereby losing the advantage.

The cooled battery can also only be charged at AC speeds, which is why DC mode also offers no advantages.

In all the above-mentioned systems, the charging mode is determined by the choice of plug, not by the user. On the other hand, it may happen that when choosing the

AC mode by selecting the plug, the faster DC mode is required by the user due to external circumstances; such an on-the-fly switching is not currently implemented. The choice of plug determines the charging mode, or a switch between DC and AC mode is predefined by the charging station, as with CCS.

Combo 2 charging plugs.

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The Combined Charging System (CCS) is designed to allow LU103209 to be charged with both AC and DC current, however, these two charging methods cannot be used simultaneously. With AC charging, the vehicle's charger converts the AC power from the grid into DC power to charge the

battery. With DC fast charging, however, the charging station supplies the

Battery directly with direct current, thus bypassing the vehicle's own charger.

The CCS charging plug and charging port are designed to automatically switch between AC and DC charging, depending on the charging station's supply. When you connect to a DC fast charger, the

AC connections are not used and vice versa. The communication protocol between the vehicle and the charging station ensures that the correct current type for the

charging process is delivered.

This is also an economic disadvantage for the operators, since the installed

Charging infrastructure is not used efficiently and more cost-intensive fast charging stations in the DC

mode may be used for hardware reasons (determined by the available charging plugs/cables), even though the circumstances would allow AC charging. At the same time, the

Users of the electric vehicle are restricted in their choice and the usability of the vehicle is limited in the event of a sudden need for charging.

Task

The present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of

To provide a charging mode switching system (1) having at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), which, when used as intended, enables switching between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) for charging. This system should be able to react dynamically and intelligently to external circumstances by

Charging mode is controlled. In previous solutions, this is determined by the choice of cable or charging plug integrated into a charging station, which leads to an inefficient use of the energy required for the spread of electric vehicles.

infrastructure. This results in higher costs for operators and bottlenecks for the

Users who have to resort to inflexible solutions such as multiple sets of charging cables or adapters.

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Solution LU103209

According to the invention, this task is achieved by a universal

Charging mode switching charging system (1), preferably CSS Combi Standard compatible, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), wherein the multi-contact charging plug (2) has two segments, in particular consists of them, comprising at least: - a first segment, each comprising preferably at least 5 poles, particularly preferably 7 poles, which can be operated in alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) mode, - a second segment, comprising two poles, which enable charging in DC mode with high

Performance in conjunction with the first segment or instead of the first

Segment, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1), which includes the multi-contact charging plug (2), connects an energy storage device to be charged to a charging source and is designed to selectively and dynamically control the energy storage device to be charged with

Efficiently charge alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).

Preferably, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is used to charge

Energy storage, especially electric vehicles that are predominantly on land and/or

Air and/or water. Energy storage devices to be charged within the meaning of the invention are, in particular, energy storage devices that are designed for the direct storage and release of electrical energy, e.g. accumulators and battery cells.

Energy storage devices also include vehicles and other devices that include an energy storage device to be charged, particularly vehicles and devices that use an electrical energy storage device as their main energy source.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the energy storage device to be charged is an electric vehicle, particularly preferably an electric land vehicle with an integrated accumulator, such as an electric and/or hybrid land vehicle.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention provides a

Charging mode switching charging system (1) comprising at least one of the above-described

Multi-contact charging plug (2) and a suitable charging cable (3) are available, which are equipped with a

Charging source, such as preferably a charging station and/or a wall box, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching charging system (1) can be permanently connected, in an alternative embodiment via a second inventive

Multi-contact charging plug (2) must be connected to the charging source.

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In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has an LU103209 integrated switching electronics that allows the poles in the first and second segment to be used for direct current or alternating current operation. This

Switching electronics are preferably integrated in the multi-contact charging plug (2) itself, but can also be arranged in the charging cable (3) or in the charging unit.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1), which includes at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) compatible with CCS Combo 1 or 2 standard, and complements the usual

Charging plug preferably has at least 2, particularly preferably 4 poles, which are connected by means of a

Switching electronics can be operated either in DC or AC mode. Due to the

Compatibility with existing and widely used charging sockets on the vehicles to be charged

Energy storage systems, preferably electric vehicles, the invention can be integrated into the existing infrastructure with little effort, whereby the retrofitting of additional

Poles, which are already integrated into the vehicle or charging station for compatibility reasons, enable a higher charging performance than with previous charging cables.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1), which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), compatible with the CCS Combo 2 system and supplements this by preferably at least 2, particularly preferably 4 poles, which can be operated optionally in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. Due to the compatibility with existing and widely used charging sockets on the energy storage devices to be charged, preferably electric vehicles, the invention can be integrated into the existing

infrastructure. Retrofitting would only be possible on the software side of the

Vehicle manufacturers are required and represent only a minor hurdle, both in terms of effort and economy.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1), which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), compatible with the CCS Combo 1 system and supplements this by preferably at least 2 poles, which can be operated either in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. Due to the compatibility with existing and widely used

Charging sockets on the energy storage devices to be charged, preferably electric vehicles, allow the invention to be integrated into the existing infrastructure with little effort.

Retrofitting would only be necessary on the vehicle manufacturer's software side and would represent only a minor hurdle, both in terms of effort and cost.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, no software update is necessary, since the multi-contact charging plug (2) provides all the means required for an intelligent

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Switching the charging mode is possible, for example, via a LU103209

Multi-contact charging plug (2) and/or in the charging mode switching charging system (1) provided direct computing unit, which preferably has a

Database system that provides an algorithmic or neural network-trained solution for switching the loading mode.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which

Charging mode switching charging system (1) is preferred for charging to be charged

Energy storage, particularly preferred for charging electric vehicles, such as

Example vehicles that are used predominantly on land and/or in the air and/or on water.

Furthermore, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is preferably used for charging energy storage devices to be charged, in particular preferably for charging electric vehicles, particularly preferably electric land vehicles with an integrated accumulator, such as e.g.

Electric and/or hybrid land vehicles.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this comprises at least one

Multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3), which has redundant cable wires and can also be switched to DC or AC mode.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) has at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) which comprises a charging cable (3), wherein the charging cable (3) has redundant cable wires which can be operated switchably in DC or AC mode.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) a control unit, preferably designed as a direct computing unit (4), which allows the user and/or the operator to switch between DC and AC mode and/or vice versa. In a preferred

In this embodiment of the invention, the mode is controlled via the

Energy storage device, preferably an electric vehicle, in another embodiment via a control unit on the cable connector, in a further preferred embodiment via the

Charging unit.

Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a controllable

Charging mode switching system (1) in which the user and/or operator can switch the charging mode from AC to DC and/or vice versa. The charging cable (3) has an electrical control unit that allows the cable wires to be used for AC or DC depending on the operation (see Fig. 3, center and right). Thus, a duplicate set of wires is not required.

This reduces the weight of the cable, increases flexibility and reduces costs.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Changing the operating mode (AC/DC or DC/AC) within the meaning of the invention requires LU103209 that this process is controlled automatically or by a user.

Alternatively, the cable can be designed with a double set of wires, one for DC and one for AC mode. The control is preferably carried out via an integrated circuit, preferably via an integrated circuit that is directly

The switching between DC and AC can preferably be done by the energy storage device to be charged, particularly preferably by a

Control unit on the multi-contact charging plug (2) or alternatively via a charging station connected to the system.

A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a charging station which has at least one permanently integrated charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention with charging cable (3) and multi-contact charging plug (2), in which the operator and/or the user can

Charging station controls the charging process with DC or AC.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) via the charging unit and/or a control element and/or the energy storage device to be charged provides a possibility that the selection of the

Charging process (DC or AC) is preferably made by the operator and/or the vehicle and/or the user and depends on the external conditions such as temperature and charge level of the battery, available charging time and capacity and

availability. This allows the charging infrastructure to be used efficiently,

The accumulator of the charged system is protected and the user receives a flexible

Charging option that can be adapted to the external circumstances. Since the

Charging mode (DC or AC) is no longer specified by the cable, the

Charging mode can be selected appropriately, which is not possible with previous solutions.

Further advantageous configurations and further developments result from the

Subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is based on the realization that there is currently no solution where the choice of charging mode (DC or AC) is determined by the cable selection and not by the user or operator. This leads to a high degree of inflexibility for the user and, on the other hand, to higher costs for the operator, since the

Charging infrastructure is used inefficiently, e.g. by replacing more expensive DC fast charging stations with

Chargers, preferably electric vehicles, which could also be charged in AC charging mode. By developing a universal

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Multi-contact charging plug (2)s, which is preferably used with charging connectors according to CCS LU103209

This problem is solved by the Combo 2 standard, which allows the user or operator to switch between DC and AC charging modes depending on the situation. This results in lower costs for the operator and greater convenience and flexibility for the user.

In addition, adapters or the use of different cables become unnecessary.

An electric vehicle, also referred to as an electric vehicle, is, in the sense of the invention, a mobile means of traffic and/or transport (e.g. automobiles, motorcycles,

watercraft, aircraft), which is at least also or entirely

Electric motor driven. These are preferably traffic and/or transport means for movement on roads or on land, but they can also

Vehicles on water and/or in the air may be included. Characteristic of a

An electric vehicle is characterized by having an electric motor which is powered by energy from a rechargeable battery. In the following, an energy storage device to be charged is referred to as an electric vehicle. However, it is also possible to use the methods disclosed herein for another device comprising at least one rechargeable battery.

The device can be, for example, a laptop, a tablet, or a smartphone. The following

The designation of the energy storage device to be charged as an electric vehicle is not to be understood as restrictive.

The present invention, a charging mode switching charging system (1), realizes this by the

Provision of at least one inventive and new

Multi-contact charging plug (2), which is preferably used in conjunction with a suitable

Charging cable (3), which in a specific embodiment of the invention is provided with a

connected to a charging source such as a charging station.

Multi-contact charging plug (2)

The term "multi-contact charging plug (2)", alternatively also simply "charging plug*", in the context of this invention refers to a part of a charging cable (3). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a part of the charging cable (3) is also part of a

housing near the charging socket and/or power outlet. A second housing, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the multi-contact charging plug (2) and is connected to the

Plug itself is also covered by the term "multi-contact charging plug (2)".

The term "multi-contact charging plug (2) for charging cables" includes in particular all

Solutions suitable for accommodating the plug in the charging station and the energy storage device to be charged.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) on LU103209 can connect the charging socket of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electrically operated

Motor vehicle, particularly preferably one with a Combined Charging System (CCS)

Combo 2 compatible vehicle.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) fulfils the requirements for charging with DC and/or AC for the current intensity,

Voltage and charging power according to {EC 62196-3. In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) fulfills the requirements for charging with DC and/or AC and corresponds to the requirements of the Type 1 AC charging plug (SAE J1772) adds two, preferably three, most preferably four additional DC power contacts for fast charging functions. The inventive

Multi-contact charging plug (2) has means for compliance with the North American

power grid and the vehicle systems and is preferably standardized according to ISO/IEC 62196-3 for the DC and SAE J1772 for the AC part of the plug.

In one embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention supports a

Current of preferably 30 to 80 A, more preferably at least 50 to 70 A in single-phase AC operation. In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention supports a current of preferably 30 to 70 A, more preferably at least 45 to 63 A in three-phase AC operation. The maximum

Operating voltage is preferably more than 200 V, more preferably more than 350 V and most preferably more than 480 V.

The voltages and currents can be measured with an appropriately designed digital

Voltameter (also voltage measuring device) and ammeter (also current measuring device) can be measured; the specialist can choose a suitable device.

In another embodiment, the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises a

Cost tracking function that communicates with a database of electricity prices, which can vary depending on the time of day or the user's electricity tariff. The immediate

The computing unit (4) is programmed to access the current electricity tariffs and calculate the most cost-effective charging method.

The technical advantage of this cost tracking feature is the potential for significant

Cost savings. By automatically switching to the most cost-effective

Charging mode, the charging mode switching charging system (1) can take advantage of lower electricity tariffs during off-peak times or when renewable energy sources feed the grid, thus reducing the overall cost of charging for the user.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Alternatively, some preferred embodiments may have the ability to communicate with | LU103209 local or national databases that track real-time electricity market prices. The immediate computing unit (4) may then determine the charging mode not only on the

based not only on costs but also on the availability of more environmentally friendly energy options, thus promoting environmentally friendly charging methods.

The technical advantage of integrating real-time market data is the improvement of

Smart Grid features that allow users to participate in programs to

to participate in demand reduction and charge their vehicles when it is most beneficial for both their wallet and the environment.

In a further embodiment, the charging mode switching charging system (1) is able to transmit the accrued charging costs via the communication interface to a central

Management system, preferably located on a remote computing unit used by fleet operators or EV charging station networks.

This management system can track and manage the costs of charging multiple vehicles and provide detailed reports and analyses of energy consumption,

Provide cost patterns and potential savings.

The technical advantage of this centralized cost management is the rationalized

Operation for companies and operators of public charging stations. It enables

Optimization of charging plans for multiple vehicles and charging stations, resulting in more efficient energy use and cost reductions on a larger scale.

In connection with the invention, a multi-contact charging plug (2) and charging socket is a

Plug a plug with pins or teeth that fits into a corresponding socket or

socket. The male plug is usually connected to the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) of the energy storage device to be charged, preferably connected to an electric vehicle, and the “female” socket is located on the

Charging source, preferably a charging station and/or charging column. The “male” connector usually has exposed metal pins or prongs that fit into a corresponding set of

sockets or holes on the female connector. The female connector, in turn, usually has a set of sockets or holes that correspond to the pins or

prongs of the male connector.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) can be used with a suitable charging unit, preferably a charging station, particularly preferably a charging unit compatible with a CCS Combo 2.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In a further preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be connected to a charging facility installed in a private parking space, e.g., a wallbox, thus enabling charging at public fast-charging infrastructure, e.g., a charging station, as well as at private charging facilities without the use of a separate charging cable (3). By switching from DC to AC or vice versa, the

Users can use different charging options with one cable, which provides more flexible

Allows charging without having to carry different charging cables (3) or adapters.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) as part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) (at least consisting of two multi-contact charging plugs (2) and a charging cable (3)) for connecting an energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electrically operated vehicle, particularly preferably a vehicle compatible with a Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo 2, to a suitable charging unit, preferably a charging station, particularly preferably a charging station compatible with a multi-contact charging plug (2) of the CCS Combo 2.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventive

Multi-contact charging plug (2) has "male" contacts. In an alternative embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can have "female" contacts that are suitable for receiving protruding metal contacts and/or pins.

The multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can also be provided in an embodiment with additional functions and features to offer users an improved charging experience. For example, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be equipped with an integrated LED display that indicates the charging status of the device to be charged.

energy storage device, preferably the electric vehicle. The LED

Display can use different colors or flashing patterns to indicate different

To display charging states such as start of charging, charging progress, end of charging or error messages.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided which has a user-interactive display for dynamic switching between

alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes. The technical advantage of this

Embodiment is to improve user control and flexibility when loading.

Display allows the user to manually select the charging mode that best suits their immediate needs, be it faster charging with

Direct current or the usual alternating current charging. This version allows users to adapt to different charging situations and optimize their charging strategy for efficiency and convenience.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In another preferred embodiment, the charging plug, which is preferably a LU103209

display, is equipped with a wireless communication module that enables

Remote switching between AC and DC charging modes via a smartphone or computer is possible. The technical advantage of this embodiment is the additional convenience and adaptability in managing the charging process.

Users can switch the charging mode remotely to take advantage of power peaks or to initiate a fast charge when needed, without having to physically connect to the

Multi-contact charging plug (2). This function automates and intelligently manages the charging process, resulting in cost savings and a longer

can lead to longer battery life as charging times and rates are optimized.

In some preferred embodiments, the wireless communication module of the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) also facilitates the receipt of firmware updates and the transmission of charging status notifications to the user's device. This has a twofold technical advantage: It ensures that the software of the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) is always up to date and the charging process is carried out in

Real-time monitoring. This can improve the user experience by providing security through continuous updates and allowing the user to

To monitor and control the charging process, even if he is not physically present at the charging location.

In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be equipped with an integrated temperature sensor that measures the temperature in the area of the

The connector's voltage is monitored and, if necessary, a warning is issued or the charging current is reduced to prevent overheating and possible damage to the components. This increases the safety and reliability of the charging process.

In another embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is equipped with an integrated temperature sensor that measures the ambient temperature in the

area of the plug is actively monitored. If the sensor detects temperatures approaching the upper limits of safety standards, it triggers a warning message on the

user interface and can reduce the charging current independently. The technical

The advantage of this design is that it prevents overheating, which

Increased safety and reliability of the charging process. Active

Temperature management, this function helps prevent thermal damage to the connector and vehicle components, thus extending the life of the

chargers and maintain the integrity of the vehicle battery system.

In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises an active

Cooling system for the charging cable (3). This cooling system could be liquid cooling

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application, in which a non-conductive coolant circulates through channels within the cable LU103209 to dissipate heat. The technical advantage of this cooling solution is that the optimal operating temperature can be maintained even at high charging currents, significantly reducing the risk of overheating and potential fire hazards.

In addition, this can enable a more compact cable design, as the effective

Cooling can handle the heat generated by higher currents without requiring larger

cable diameters are required.

Alternatively, in some preferred embodiments, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has a Peltier cooling element for the pins inside the plug. If the

If the temperature sensor detects a temperature rise above a preset limit, the Peltier element is activated to dissipate heat from the pins. The technical advantage of this solution is the direct cooling of the contact points, which

critical hotspots during the charging process. This can cause thermal damage to the

Plug contacts are prevented and a stable and efficient charging connection is ensured over a longer period of time.

In another embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) can be fitted with a

A forced cooling system can be integrated. This forced cooling system uses fans to

To allow air to circulate around the pins and cable entries and thus

The technical advantage of this approach lies in its

Simplicity and effectiveness, especially in environments where

Liquid cooling may not be possible. The recirculation system can be designed to activate only when needed based on temperature readings, saving energy and reducing noise when high cooling performance is not required. This design ensures that the multi-contact charging plug (2) is within safe

temperature ranges, protecting the electronic components from heat-related

failures and maintain the general condition of the charging system.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) equipped with advanced sensor technology, which is used in the

capable of detecting cable defects. The technical advantage of this function is the increased

Safety and reliability of the charging system. The sensors continuously monitor the integrity of the charging cable (3), and if a defect is detected, e.g.

If the insulation is broken or the cable is exposed, the multi-contact charging plug (2), preferably via a display and/or the communication module, can warn the user and interrupt the charging process to avoid potential hazards. This proactive

Safety measure ensures that the risk of short circuit and

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application subsequent damage to the vehicle or charging equipment is significantly minimized LU103209.

In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a

Equipped with a cable disconnection detection system. The technical advantage of this detection system is the prevention of damage to the vehicle and the

Charging station. If the charging cable (3) is accidentally pulled or disconnected during the charging process, the detection system immediately detects the disconnection and interrupts the

current flow safely. This rapid response prevents arcing and potential damage to the electrical contacts, which would otherwise lead to costly repairs and

could lead to security problems.

In addition, some preferred embodiments include a thermal

Monitoring system in the multi-contact charging plug (2) that detects excessive

can detect heat development that could indicate a possible cable fire.

The technical advantage of this embodiment is that the safety of the

Users and property protection can be improved. If an abnormal

If a temperature increase is detected, which indicates a possible cable fire, the

System initiate a series of security protocols, such as interrupting the

Power supply, alerting the user via the interactive display or a connected device and, if necessary, activating an integrated

Fire extinguishing system. This immediate response to a critical situation not only protects the user and the surrounding area from fire-related hazards, but also contributes to the overall longevity of the charging system by preventing heat-related damage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a communication module via which information is exchanged between the device to be charged

Energy storage, preferably the electric vehicle, and the charging unit can be exchanged. This communication interface can be used to transmit, for example, charge status data, vehicle identification data, or user data. The interface can be wired or wireless, for example via

Bluetooth or WLAN. The communication interface can be

Communication module, particularly suitable for communicating between a direct computing unit and a remote computing unit, therefore the terms communication interface and communication module can be used interchangeably.

The multi-contact charging plug (2) can also be equipped with a communication interface, such as NFC (Near Field Communication) or Bluetooth, in order to

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application to enable wireless communication between the energy storage device to be charged and the charging unit LU103209. This can, for example, be used for user authentication,

Can be used to transmit charging data or to control the charging process.

In a further embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention can be of modular construction, wherein different adapters or attachments can be used to adapt to different charging units or energy storage devices to be charged.

This allows greater flexibility and compatibility with different

Charging mode switching charging system (1) and reduces the need for multiple

Carry charging cables (3) or plugs for different applications.

In yet another embodiment, the inventive

Multi-contact charging plug (2) have an automatic locking function that

Plug securely into the charging socket of the device to be charged during the charging process.

energy storage device and thus prevents unintentional disconnection of the

The multi-contact charging plug (2) is prevented from locking during the charging process. The locking can be mechanical or electromagnetic and can be activated and deactivated by a suitable control system, for example, via the communication system.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) comprises integrated switching electronics that allow the poles in the first and second segments to be used for DC or AC mode. This switching electronics is preferably integrated in the multi-contact charging plug (2) itself, but can also be

Charging cable (3) or the charging unit.

In a further preferred embodiment, the switching electronics are provided by a direct processing unit (4) that can control this switching electronics and thus control the switching between AC and DC charging mode. "Control" in the sense of the present invention includes (but is not limited to) interrupting, pausing, and resuming the charging process and, in particular, switching between DC and AC charging mode. "Regulating" in the sense of the present invention includes influencing

Charging parameters such as charging power, charging time and charging speed, preferably taking into account parameters as listed here, e.g.

Power grid utilization, user inputs, schedules, and electricity costs.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is designed to automatically select the appropriate charging mode (DC or AC) depending on the prevailing conditions, such as the available charging power, the battery charge level and the remaining charging time. This automatic

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Selection of the charging mode can be achieved through the use of sensors, microcontrollers and/or | LU103209

Algorithms that are integrated into the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charging cable (3) or the charging unit.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with a mechanical locking device which prevents unintentional disconnection of the

multi-contact charging plug (2) from the charging socket during the charging process. This

The locking device can, for example, consist of a locking lug and a corresponding recess in the charging socket, which when inserting the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) interlock.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is provided with an optical and/or acoustic display device which informs the user

Information about the current charge level, the charging mode or possible

This indicator device can, for example, consist of a multi-color LED or a display attached to the multi-contact charging plug (2) or the charging cable (3).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Multi-contact charging plug (2) has an integrated communication interface that provides

Enables information exchange between the charging energy storage device, preferably an electric vehicle, and the charging source, such as a charging station or a wallbox. This communication interface can be based on CAN bus, for example.

LIN bus, Ethernet or wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth or WLAN.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the

Communication takes place via powerline communication.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

The multi-contact charging plug (2) is further equipped with an integrated temperature sensor capable of monitoring the temperature of the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charging cable (3), and/or the charging socket during the charging process. This enables efficient control of the charging power to prevent overheating and possible damage to the components involved. The temperature sensor can, for example, be located on the

Based on thermocouples, resistance thermometers (RTD) or semiconductor sensors.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multi-contact charging plug (2) has a thermal monitoring device (temperature sensor) which makes it possible to

Monitor the temperature of the terminals during charging and, if necessary,

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

To stop or adjust the charging process to avoid overheating, this LU103209

Monitoring equipment can, for example, consist of temperature sensors and a

control unit that evaluates the measured temperature values and corresponding

Sends control commands to the switching electronics.

Charging cable (3)

The term “charging cable (3)” in the context of this invention refers to any type of electrical cable that serves to transmit electrical energy from a source to an energy storage device to be charged and is connected to at least one

Multi-contact charging plug (2) within the meaning of the invention. The terms "charging cable (3)", "power cable" and "electrical cable" or simply "cable" are used synonymously.

Charging cables (3) usually consist of one or more conductors that are insulated from each other and provided with an outer sheath for protection. The conductors are made of electrically conductive materials, preferably copper or aluminum, and the

Insulating material is designed to prevent electrical current from flowing between the conductors or outside the cable.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the charging cable (3) is preferably at least 4 m, particularly preferably 6 m, most preferably at least 7 m, but not more than preferably 20 m, more preferably not more than 15 m. This has the technical advantage that the user can determine the location of the charging station and the parking space of the

A cable that is too short can reduce the flexibility and

The comfort of the charging process can be reduced, while a cable that is too long can cause unnecessary

can cause a voltage drop, resulting in a longer charging time.

In a preferred embodiment, the charging cable (3) is designed so that

Safety functions such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and ground fault protection are provided to prevent electrical hazards. This has the technical benefit of protecting the electric vehicle and the charging mode switching system (1) from electrical

Faults such as short circuits, overloads, and grounding faults that could cause damage or pose a safety risk are protected. Experts are familiar with methods for designing a cable to meet the appropriate requirements.

In a preferred embodiment, the conductor wires are separated and sufficiently insulated. Preferably, the conductor wires are made of a conductive metal with low

Resistance, particularly preferably aluminum or copper.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In a preferred embodiment, this is the cable for the maximum voltage of the LU103209

Charging mode switching charging system (1)s designed to avoid damage or failure. In

For AC operation, it is preferably designed for a current of 30 to 80 A, more preferably for at least 50 to 70 A in single-phase AC operation. In a further embodiment, the charging cable (3) according to the invention supports a current of preferably 30 to 70 A, more preferably at least 45 to 63 A in three-phase AC operation.

In a preferred embodiment, this is the cable for the maximum voltage of the

Charging mode switching charging system (1)s designed to avoid damage or failure.

This ensures that the cable can handle the high voltage required for fast charging without overheating, causing a short circuit, or damaging the

to damage the vehicle's battery system. In one embodiment, the maximum operating voltage of the charging cable (3) is preferably more than 200 V, preferably more than 350 V, and most preferably more than 480 V.

The charging cable (3) according to the invention has a sufficient number of

Conductor cores to cover all contacts in all operating modes (DC or AC) (Fig. 3 left). To support both DC and AC operation, a double set of cores is required. This has the advantage that the cores can withstand different maximum voltages.

They support different currents and power levels, which is why they can be made of different thicknesses, which can save weight.

In a preferred embodiment, a simple set of wires is provided for the charging cable (3) (Fig. 3, middle and right). The wires (N, L1, L2, L3 or +, +, =, =) are used interchangeably for either DC or AC mode. The advantage of this is that fewer wires are required in the cable, making the cable flexible and easy to handle. It can also be stored and used more easily. A flexible cable reduces the risk of damage or tangling and makes use more convenient.

It is advantageous that in an embodiment of the invention, in which all contacts (Fig. 2) are used simultaneously, a simultaneous use of DC and AC charging is possible, provided that a corresponding converter is present in the electric vehicle. This can be achieved with the

Charging of future vehicles with larger accumulators will be advantageous as it allows a shorter charging time than is currently possible with the CSS Combo 2 standard.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Charging mode switching charging system (1) LU103209

The term “charging mode switching charging system (1)”, also known as “system” or “system of

Invention” refers in the context of this invention to the unit comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and preferably a charging cable (3) which

Electric vehicle, preferably an electric car with a power source, such as a

Connect charging station.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the charging cable (3) uses modulations unconsciously introduced into the current or voltage signal, preferably in a

Range of less than 10% of the load values, preferably less than 5%, to avoid an unusually high

Determine the load of the power grid or the charging station and automatically

To change and/or control the charging mode. This allows the charging mode to be intelligently adjusted, especially in the event of disruptions or high load. Charging values are the voltage and current values that are selected in the selected charging mode (AC/DC) during the charging process.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides a direct processing unit (4) which is configured to selectively and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging mode. The direct processing unit (4) preferably has switching electronics which are suitable for switching between AC and DC

to control charging mode.

In an alternative embodiment, the unconsciously introduced fluctuation of the

The current intensity ranges from 0.1 to 10 amperes, preferably 0.5 to 5 amperes, and the introduced voltage fluctuation ranges from 0.1 to 10 volts, preferably 0.5 to 10 volts. Particularly preferably, the charging system equipped with a direct computing unit takes both current and voltage fluctuations into account.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) has been extended to include the ability to

Modulations in the repetition frequency (Hz) of the AC network during

AC charging operation. The immediate processing unit (4) is equipped with sensors and algorithms that monitor the frequency of the alternating current. At high

Under load, the AC frequency may drop slightly, a phenomenon known as "brownout." The immediate processing unit (4) is programmed to detect such deviations from the standard frequency.

The technical advantage of this embodiment is that the system is able to maintain optimal charging efficiency and protect the vehicle battery,

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application by automatically adjusting the charging mode in response to the detected frequency modulations LU103209. This proactive adjustment can prevent inefficient charging and potential battery damage caused by unstable power conditions.

In addition, this embodiment enables communication between the

Systems, wherein a charging mode switching charging system (1) modulates the

AC frequency and pass this information on to another system via the communication module. This is particularly useful in a network of

Charging systems, where the detection of a high grid load by one system can inform other systems in the vicinity.

The technical advantage of this communication between the

The advantage of charge mode switching charging systems (1) is the joint management of charging loads across multiple charge mode switching charging systems (1). If a system has a high

load and informs the other systems, these systems can

Adapt the charging mode in advance and, for example, switch from AC to

Switch to DC mode or reduce the charging power to relieve the grid.

This can be particularly beneficial during peak times or in situations where the network is under pressure due to high demand from other sources.

In some preferred embodiments, the communication module could also be used to inform a central grid management system or an energy supplier about the detected high grid load. This could enable a better coordinated

Enable response to grid management, allowing adjustments in electricity generation or distribution or the implementation of demand reduction strategies.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) a communication interface that enables the exchange of information between the electrical device, such as an electric vehicle (EV), and the charging unit. This interface enables the transmission of various types of data, including, but not limited to, charging status data,

Vehicle identification data and user data.

The technical advantage of this embodiment is the seamless integration and

Synchronization of the electric vehicle with the charging infrastructure. By exchanging

Vehicle identification and user data, the system can provide personalized

Provide charging experiences, such as retrieving preferred charging settings,

Authorizing user access and facilitating billing processes increases user convenience and system security.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In another embodiment, the communication module is implemented wirelessly, | LU103209 using technologies such as Bluetooth or WLAN (Wi-Fi). The technical

The advantage of a wireless communication interface is the increased flexibility and easy connectivity. It eliminates the need for physical connections, which is particularly important in

Can be beneficial in public or semi-public charging environments where quick and easy access to charging services is important.

Alternatively, in some preferred embodiments, the communication interface can be provided as a special communication module within the charging mode switching charging system (1). This module is particularly suitable for facilitating communication between the immediate computing unit (4) and a remote computing unit, such as a

smartphone or a cloud-based server.

The technical advantage of a special communication module is the higher

Reliability and bandwidth of data exchange. It can handle more complex

communication protocols and support larger data transfers, which is important for

Real-time monitoring and control of the charging process is crucial. It can also provide advanced features such as remote diagnostics, firmware updates, and integration with

Enable smart grid functions.

Preferably, the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises a direct computing unit (4) that further provides a communication module. This enables the exchange between the direct computing unit and other, remote computing units or allows information to be retrieved.

Preferably, the user can dynamically control the charging process at least between the AC mode and a DC mode, preferably via a remote processing unit.

Particularly preferred is the user being able to use a display which is

Charging mode switching charging system (1) is provided, control or regulate the charging process. Alternatively, preferably, the user can control the charging process via a remote processing unit that is provided via the

Communication module with the immediate processing unit (4) communicates the

Dynamically control the charging process at least between AC mode and a DC mode.

In a further embodiment, the communication module is designed to support bidirectional communication, which not only allows the reception of commands and

data from the remote processing unit, but also the transmission of detailed

Load reports and system states from the immediate processing unit (4) back to the

user's device or to a central management system.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

The technical advantage of bidirectional communication is the possibility of a LU103209

to create a feedback loop that can be used to optimize charging strategies on the

Based on user behavior, network requirements and the health status of the

charging system. This can lead to improved energy management, cost savings for the user, and a reduction in the environmental impact of charging electric vehicles.

The technical advantage of this more comprehensive communication capability is the potential for more sophisticated smart grid interactions. Integrating charging systems into the broader grid management system can contribute to overall grid stability and efficiency, reducing the need for costly infrastructure upgrades and improving the integration of renewable energy sources.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the controllable

Charging mode switching charging system (1), the immediate computing unit is set up to automatically switch the charging mode due to unconsciously introduced modulations of the current and voltage, preferably with less than 10% of the charging values.

charging mode and/or via the communication module and/or a display

Sending a control request to the user. This has the technical effect of allowing the system to respond automatically to changes in load.

In an alternative embodiment, in addition to the unconsciously introduced

Modulations of current and voltage further parameters from the immediate

computing unit, such as information transmitted from the remote computing unit via the communication module to the immediate computing unit (4),

Information received from other charging mode switching charging systems (1) via the

communication module, user input or external databases and information about the loading behavior of the users, preferably the personalized

User behavior, are used to control the switching between alternating and

Direct current mode (AC/DC) is used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a

A charging mode switching charging system (1) is provided, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3). These components are interconnected and include an on-board computing unit (4) equipped with advanced computing capabilities to execute a neural network, a large-scale language model, or a machine learning model. This model is trained using a dataset of charging patterns containing unwanted voltage and current fluctuations.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

- D4 -

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging mode switching system (2) is provided with a communication interface via which information is exchanged between the charging energy storage device, preferably the electric vehicle, and the

Charging unit can be exchanged. This communication interface can be used to transmit, for example, charging status data, vehicle identification data, or user data. The interface can be wired or wireless, for example via

Bluetooth or WLAN. The communication interface can be

Communication module, particularly suitable for communicating between a direct computing unit and a remote computing unit.

The technical advantage of this embodiment is that the system is able to predict and react to irregularities in the power supply, which can increase the efficiency and safety of the charging process. By analyzing the

Charging patterns, in particular through the immediate processing unit (4) can detect anomalies that may indicate problems with the power grid or the vehicle’s response to the

If such anomalies are detected, the system can either adjust the charging parameters to compensate for these fluctuations or

Alert users to potential problems.

In another embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug (2) is equipped with a display that provides real-time information and warnings based on the analysis performed by the immediate processing unit (4). The technical advantage of a display directly on the multi-contact charging plug (2) is the immediate visibility of

Problems or necessary adjustments, allowing the user to intervene quickly if necessary. This direct form of communication improves the user experience by providing accessible and actionable information directly at the charging station.

Alternatively, some preferred embodiments include a wireless

Communication module within the charging mode switching charging system (1), which

Information and warnings to a remote computer unit, preferably a

smartphone. The technical advantage of this function is the

Convenience and flexibility it offers the user. By being able to

To receive notifications and control the charging process remotely, the

Users can manage their vehicle's charging process from any location and ensure that they are always informed and in control of the charging process. Preferably, the user is provided with an information source, such as an external computing unit, preferably a smartphone, or a display, which is directly connected to the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) is arranged, is informed about the possibility of changing. The parameters for this are particularly preferred by the immediate

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

computing unit (4) and include unconsciously introduced modulations of the LU103209

Current or voltage, information transmitted by other

Charging mode switching charging systems (1) or transmitted by the charging station.

Furthermore, in a further embodiment, the immediate computing unit (4) is capable of learning through its machine learning model and adapting over time. The technical advantage of this adaptive learning capability is that the

System becomes more efficient and accurate over time in predicting and resolving

problems. As the model receives more data, it can fine-tune its algorithms to achieve even better performance, which can lead to a more resilient and intelligent charging system that can serve a wider

spectrum of scenarios, thereby improving the

User experience and system reliability can be further improved.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this comprises the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) comprising a charging cable (3) which terminates at both ends with a multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention. In another

In this version, there is only one end of an inventive

Multi-contact charging plug (2) and the other end is connected to a charging source, such as

Example of a charging station, connected.

The communication between the column and the vehicle is carried out via the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) is manufactured, the user and/or operator can preferably determine the type of charging. This can, for example, be via a

Integrated LED display on the multi-contact charging plug (2), the charged vehicle, a mobile smartphone application or the charging station.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the system automatically switches on based on external parameters (for example, charge level, battery temperature and

available time) during the charging process, DC and AC charging mode is automatically switched.

In one embodiment, the charging station communicates with the vehicle to be charged

Energy storage, preferably an electric vehicle, via the CP contact (Control

Pilot) Via an analog electrical signal. Communication is known in the state of the art (see IEC 62196-2, 62196-3).

A charging station, also known as a charging source or charging column, is in the sense of

Invention is to be understood as a device which provides electrical energy for charging a

electric vehicle. Such a device can, for example, be an AC,

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

DC or three-phase charging station, in particular it can be a LU103209

Can be used as a charging station, wall box or even as a socket in general.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the

The charging mode switching charging system (1) is provided with a communication interface via which information can be exchanged between the energy storage device to be charged, preferably the electric vehicle, and the charging unit.

The communication interface can be used to transmit, for example, charging status data, vehicle identification data, or user data. The interface can be implemented wired or wirelessly, for example via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

The charging mode switching charging system (1) can also be connected to a communication system comprising at least one communication module, such as NFC (Near Field

Communication) or Bluetooth to enable wireless communication between the energy storage device to be charged and the charging unit. This can be used, for example, for user authentication, for the transmission of charging data or for

can be used to control the charging process. This allows the user and/or

Operators can be identified flexibly and quickly, which saves time and ensures economic

This is an advantage because the time spent at the charging station should be minimized.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) has an integrated safety device which is

Capable of detecting fault conditions such as short circuits, leakage currents, or overtemperatures and initiating appropriate protective measures. This safety device can, for example, be based on residual current devices (RCDs),

Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) or electronic protective circuits.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) has an adaptive charging power control that enables the charging power to be dynamically adjusted depending on various factors, such as the available grid capacity, the current state of charge of the energy storage device to be charged or ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity.

This allows the efficiency of the charging process to be further optimized and the service life of the components involved, especially the battery, to be increased.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) designed so that it can also be used with bidirectional

Charging functions such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). The energy storage device to be charged, preferably an electric vehicle, can not only

obtain energy from the power grid, but also feed surplus energy into the grid

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application or feed back a home energy system. This opens up further LU103209

Applications and can be used to stabilize the power grid and to

Contribute to the optimization of self-consumption of renewable energies.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the charging station, which is part of the charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention, controls the charging process in DC or

AC mode, preferably the control is carried out by means of a computer program product, in particular an application (also: app), which can be operated by a user and/or an algorithm and/or an artificial intelligence, in particular a self-learning algorithm. This allows the charging process to be controlled. An algorithm in the sense of the invention refers to an instruction or a sequence of instructions which are comprised by a computer program product. An app in the sense of the invention is to be understood as a computer program product which is designed for the purpose of implementing a

Function by a computing unit, in particular a mobile computing unit (e.g. a

smartphone or tablet).

Frequency sensor (5)

In a preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug and/or the

Charging mode switching charging system a frequency sensor (5) which is used to detect the

Repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network. It can be provided that the direct computing unit (4) is equipped with the frequency sensor.

The arrangement of a frequency sensor, preferably in the immediate computing unit (4), for monitoring the repetition frequency of an AC network enables, for example, during an AC charging mode, a precise detection of

Fluctuations in the power supply. This allows the charging process to

Integrity and efficiency of the charging process of the electric vehicle, in particular the energy storage device of this electric vehicle to be charged, even under changing

Maintain network conditions.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for controlling and/or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, comprising the following steps: - monitoring (S01) a repetition frequency of an alternating current network (AC) during an AC charging mode by a computing unit, in particular, in particular by a direct computing unit (4), in a

Charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the computing unit is provided with a

Frequency sensor for detecting the repetition frequency;

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

- automatic adaptation (S02) of the charging mode by the computing unit, LU103209 in particular, in particular by the immediate computing unit (4), upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency by the frequency sensor, which indicates a high network load, wherein the adaptation is based on predefined thresholds which are defined in the

Computing unit, in particular the immediate computing unit (4), in order to select between a plurality of charging modes, which at least

Include alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes; - transmitting (S03) a signal representing the high grid load from the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) to a remote

Charging mode switching charging system (1) by means of a communication module; - changing (S04) the charging mode by the remote charging mode switching charging system (1) in response to the received high grid load signal, wherein the remote

System is configured to select the charging mode based on the received

Information and analysis by a computing unit, in particular its own immediate computing unit, autonomously controls, in particular interrupts, pauses or resumes, and/or regulates, in particular reduces, the processing of information and analysis, thereby ensuring that the network load is not too high.

The charging mode is automatically adjusted by the immediate

Computing unit (4) upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency, which is due to a high

network load, based on predefined criteria or thresholds that take into account different charging modes. The technical advantage lies in the optimization of the

Charging process in real time, which can lead to an improvement in energy consumption and a lower load on the energy storage of the electric vehicle, thus increasing the service life of the energy storage device to be charged, preferably one in a

Electric vehicle integrated energy storage, extended.

In addition, the use of communication protocols such as Bluetooth,

WLAN or mobile network in the communication module, the reliable and fast

Transmission of messages about high network utilization to remote switching systems for charging mode (1). The technical effect of this communication capability is the

Creating a responsive and connected charging network that dynamically adapts to the

This communication between the systems ensures that the charging infrastructure functions coherently, which increases the stability of the

network as a whole.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

In a preferred embodiment, the frequency sensor is configured to detect the LU103209

repetition frequency is continuously monitored, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to automatically adjust the charging mode in predetermined

intervals, ensuring a consistent response to network load fluctuations. Continuous monitoring of the repetition frequency of the

AC network by the frequency sensor, connected to the immediate

A computing unit (4) capable of automatically adjusting the charging mode at predetermined intervals provides the technical effect of a highly responsive charging system. The advantage of this arrangement is the system's ability to continuously adapt to grid load fluctuations, ensuring that the charging process of the energy storage device being charged, preferably an electric vehicle, remains efficient and stable, thus reducing the risk of charging interruptions and possible

Damage to the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged due to

Power fluctuations are reduced.

The repetition frequency can be recorded on the vehicle side and/or the charging station side.

In a preferred embodiment, the method for controlling and/or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably a

electric vehicle further comprises the step of reporting back (S05) to the user regarding the

Setting the charging mode via a user interface on the

Charging mode switching charging system (1) or a connected remote processing unit, wherein the feedback comprises at least one visual warning, an acoustic signal or a haptic notification. The feedback to the user about the setting of the charging mode has the technical effect of improved user interaction and perception. The advantage of this function is that the user can

The charging process status can be informed and reassured. Visual warnings, acoustic signals or haptic notifications contribute to a user-friendly

perception and increase the general acceptance and satisfaction with the

charging system. In addition, this feedback mechanism can be used as a request to the

Users are to take necessary measures to ensure the safety and

Reliability of the charging process further increased.

In a preferred embodiment, the method for controlling and/or regulating a charging process of an energy storage device to be charged, preferably a

electric vehicle, that the predefined thresholds include parameters for minimum and maximum acceptable repetition frequencies and the immediate

Computing unit (4) is configured to select the DC charging mode when the

Repetition frequency falls below the minimum threshold. The configuration of the

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application immediate computing unit (4) for selecting the direct current charging mode when the LU103209

If the repetition frequency falls below a minimum threshold, this has the technical effect of safeguarding the charging process against suboptimal charging conditions. The advantage of this feature is that it prevents inefficient charging processes that can result from low-frequency conditions, which often indicate high grid load or instability. By switching the system to the

DC charging mode, it ensures a more consistent and reliable

Power supply of the vehicle and thus optimizes the service life and performance of the

Energy storage.

It may be provided that the communication module is further configured to

Information about grid utilization and stability, weather and temperature data, user-related data, the availability of renewable energy and/or the

energy price from an external database, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to determine the charging mode based on the energy price at the time of

charging station sets the most cost-effective electricity tariffs available.

The consideration of information about the current network load and network stability with the data from the frequency sensor thus contributes to reducing the risk of

To minimize power outages or grid fluctuations during the charging process. The technical effect is an improved adaptability of the charging system to the grid conditions, which has the technical advantage of increased reliability and

Safety of the charging process.

The inclusion of weather conditions and temperature data, e.g. of the environment, in the control of the charging process allows the frequency sensor, in conjunction with the immediate processing unit (4), to adapt the charging speed or the charging mode in order to avoid thermal stress on the energy storage system. This results in a technical effect that extends the service life of the battery being charged.

energy storage and avoids damage caused by overheating or undercooling, and offers the technical advantage of improved care of the battery to be charged.

Energy storage.

The use of information about the individual driving and charging preferences of the

user allows the frequency sensor, in conjunction with the immediate

Computing unit (4), the charging system for personalized and optimized control of the

The technical effect is a tailor-made

Charging planning that is tailored to the specific needs of the user, which has the technical advantage of increased user satisfaction through a charging experience that

Comfort and individual requirements are taken into account.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

The system can support the creation of individual user profiles that contain specific LU103209

Settings and preferences for the charging process. By adjusting the

By adapting charging processes to the created profiles, the system can achieve higher user satisfaction. This results in a personalized charging experience that increases the comfort and

Increased efficiency for the user.

Thus, the immediate computing unit (4) can be connected to the calendar and planning software of the

to optimize charging according to the user's schedule. Such integration allows charging to be optimized during low-voltage periods

capacity or to schedule at preferred tariff times. This can lead to

Lead to cost savings and increase vehicle availability by

Charging processes can be scheduled at times when the vehicle is not expected to be used.

By analyzing driving behavior, the system can adapt charging processes to the actual

This leads to optimized charging planning that avoids overcharging or undercharging of the energy storage device being charged. Such an adjustment can increase the efficiency of the charging process and extend the service life of the device being charged.

Extend energy storage.

In addition, the immediate computing unit (4) can be equipped with adaptive software algorithms that are able to learn from the user-related data and

Predicting future charging requirements. This allows for proactive adjustment of the charging process to the user's needs. Such adjustment can contribute to more efficient use of the energy storage capacity and extend the service life of the energy storage system.

The present invention also takes into account the availability of renewable energies in the power grid, particularly during periods of high production, which can lead to energy peaks. The use of the frequency sensor in conjunction with the direct computing unit (4) makes it possible to control the charging process in such a way that charging takes place preferentially during periods in which there is an oversupply of renewable energy. This leads to a technical effect that enables the optimized use of green electricity and offers the technical advantage that the power grid is protected by the targeted

Use of surplus energy is relieved.

In addition to the ecological benefits, this can also be economically advantageous, as

Times of high renewable energy production often correlate with lower energy prices. Users can therefore not only reduce their carbon footprint but also benefit from lower energy costs. Furthermore, the charging system can

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application intelligent adaptation to the availability of renewable energies contributes to the LU103209

To reduce volatility in the power grid in general and promote grid stability. Integrated temperature sensor (6)

In a preferred embodiment, the multi-contact charging plug and/or the

Charging mode switching charging system has an integrated temperature sensor (6) which is equipped to detect an ambient temperature around the plug area and/or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged.

In one embodiment of the invention, an integrated temperature sensor is provided in the

Charging plug (2) and/or the charging mode switching charging system, which ensures precise

Recording of the ambient temperatures in the area of the charging plug and/or a

Temperature of the electric vehicle's energy storage device to be charged. This local monitoring of the ambient temperatures and/or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged ensures immediate detection of

Temperature fluctuations due to the charging process. In this

In this context, the access of the computing unit (4) to a previously created database with stored temperature values provides a benchmark for recording normal and abnormal

temperature ranges during the charging cycle and thus facilitates a well-founded

Thermal management. By comparing real-time ambient temperature data and/or real-time temperature data of the electric vehicle's energy storage device to be charged with the temperature values stored in the database, the computing unit (4) can proactively detect and react to potential overheating conditions before they cause a

pose a risk to system integrity. Advantageously, the system's ability to adjust the charging current in response to detected temperature approximations to predefined

thresholds, an adaptive charging process based on the thermal

The method according to the invention for monitoring the charging process of an electric vehicle thus advantageously reduces the risk of thermal

Damage/degradation to both the energy storage of the electric vehicle and protects the condition of the energy storage, thereby ensuring sustainable operation over a longer period

period, as well as on the charging infrastructure, thus ensuring safer charging operations and a safer environment.

The ambient temperature around the connector area can be measured on the vehicle side and/or the charging station side. In a preferred embodiment, the

Temperature sensor located on the charging station or in the immediate vicinity of it.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for controlling and/or regulating LU103209 the charging process of an electric vehicle at a charging station, comprising the following steps: - detecting (E01), by an integrated temperature sensor of a charging plug (2), an ambient temperature around the plug area and/or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged; - accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values corresponding to safe operating conditions by a computing unit; - comparing (E03) the detected ambient temperature and/or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged by the computing unit (4) with the temperature values stored in the database; - controlling, in particular interrupting, pausing or resuming, or

Regulating, in particular reducing, (E04) the charging current by the computing unit (4) within the charging plug (2) when the detected temperature approaches a predefined threshold value in order to prevent overheating; wherein the charging plug (2) is part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises a charging cable (3), and wherein the

The computing unit (4) is further configured to adjust the charging voltage in conjunction with the charging current in order to optimize the charging process and at the same time

To prevent overheating.

The inventive method for monitoring the charging process of a

electric vehicle uses an integrated temperature sensor in the charging plug (2), in which

Charging mode switching system and/or in the charging station that allows precise detection of the

ambient temperatures in the area of the connector. This local monitoring ensures immediate detection of temperature fluctuations that may affect the

The access of the processing unit (4) to a previously created

Database of temperature values provides a benchmark for determining normal and abnormal temperature ranges during the charging cycle, thus facilitating a well-founded

Charging and thermal management.

It is understood that in the step between detecting (E01) an ambient temperature around the plug area and/or a temperature of the energy storage device to be charged of the

electric vehicle and accessing (E02) a database with stored

Temperature values, a step of transmitting the temperature values recorded by the temperature sensor

Temperature values are provided to a computing unit.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Accessing (E02) to a database with stored temperature values can be done directly LU103209 by a processing unit in the charging mode switching system and/or in the charging station or by a remote processing unit, e.g. a server connected to the Internet. If accessing by a processing unit in the

Charging mode switching charging system or by a remote processing unit, and not by a processing unit in the charging station, this has the advantage that no additional

Components must be installed in (existing) charging stations. This makes it advantageous to avoid the retrofitting of a computing unit, especially a complex

Installation of a charging station from a third-party manufacturer is not necessary.

In a preferred embodiment, the database contains temperature values that

range of ambient temperature conditions under which the charging plug (2) is certified for safe operation, and wherein the computing unit (4) is configured to adjust (regulate) the charging current to maintain the ambient temperature within this range. This adjustment or regulation preserves the integrity of the

charging system and the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged by

Operation outside the certified temperature range, which would otherwise lead to

could lead to security risks.

The method may further comprise the step of recording each instance in which the

Charging current is controlled, in particular interrupted, paused or resumed, and/or regulated, in particular reduced, due to a predefined temperature threshold approaching, and the cases are stored in a memory for future analysis. These incidents are stored in a memory for later analysis. This function enables the collection of valuable data on the thermal

Charging system behavior that can be used to improve system performance and reliability.

Future analysis of the recorded data will facilitate the identification of patterns in overheating incidents. This allows for the refinement of the predefined

Temperature threshold and charging current reduction strategy. By learning from past events, the system evolves to more effectively prevent overheating, thereby improving safety and extending the lifespan of the electric vehicle's charging system and the energy storage device being charged.

In addition to adjusting the charging current, the computing unit (4) is also able to

Charging voltage when the measured temperature is within the predefined

threshold. This double adjustment option ensures that the

Charging process is optimized in terms of both efficiency and safety,

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application which reduces the risk of overheating while maintaining optimal charging conditions LU103209 for the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged.

The computing unit (4) prioritizes the reduction of the charging current if necessary based on the

Temperature data of the electric vehicle’s energy storage system compared to the

Ambient temperature. This prioritization is particularly advantageous when the

The temperature of the energy storage device is closer to the predefined threshold, thus enabling targeted thermal management. This function ensures that the most critical temperature measurements are given priority in the charging management, which additionally protects the electric vehicle's energy storage device from thermal

Protects against stress.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Examples of implementation LU103209

List of reference symbols (1) Charging mode switching system (2) Multi-contact charging plug (3) Charging cable (4) Direct processing unit (5) Frequency sensor (6) Integrated temperature sensor

Character description

The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures and exemplary embodiments, without limiting the invention to these.

It shows:

Fig. 1: Left: schematic arrangement of the contacts of a Type 2 charging plug according to IEC 62196; right: schematic arrangement of the contacts of a CCS Combo 2

Charging plug according to IEC 62196.

Fig. 2: Multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention, compatible with CCS Combo 2: left:

Schematic structure of the contacts of the charging connector according to the invention with

Possibility of switching between DC and AC charging mode; middle: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention in DC mode; right: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention with contact assignment in DC mode

Mode.

Contact designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective conductor; “CP” (Control Pilot):

Dialogue between charging station and vehicle; “PP” (Proximity Pilot): Limitation of the

Charging current using resistance coding; “+” (DC +): positive pole direct current charging; — (DC =): negative pole direct current charging

Fig. 3: Left: schematic structure of a charging cable (3) according to the invention with two

Wire sets for operation in DC mode or operation in AC mode, middle and right: inventive charging cable (3) with simple wire set with electronically controlled switching between AC (middle) and DC (right) mode, the wires are operated either in AC or DC mode, whereby material and

Weight is saved. Wire designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective conductor; “CP” (Control Pilot): dialogue between charging station and vehicle; “PP” (Proximity

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Pilot): Limiting the charging current by means of resistance coding; "+" (DC +): LU103209

Positive pole direct current charging; ,— (DC -): Negative pole direct current charging.

Fig. 4: Multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention compatible with CCS Combo 1 : left: Schematic structure of the contacts of the inventive

Charging plug with the option to switch between DC and AC charging mode;

Middle: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention in DC mode; right: multi-contact charging plug (2) according to the invention with contact assignment in DC mode.

Mode.

Contact designations: PE (Protective Earth): protective conductor; “CP” (Control Pilot):

Dialogue between charging station and vehicle; “PP” (Proximity Pilot): Limitation of the

Charging current using resistance coding; “+” (DC +): positive pole direct current charging; — (DC =): negative pole direct current charging

In a first embodiment, Fig. 2 discloses a multi-contact charging plug (2) (left) of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention for

Coupling a device to be charged, in particular an electric vehicle, with a

Charging station. The illustrated mains-side multi-contact charging plug (2) of the charging mode switching charging system (1) according to the invention is a three-phase charging cable connection with a multi-contact charging plug (2) compatible with

Charging sockets according to EN 62196 Type 2. Furthermore, Fig 2 (middle and right) shows the

Assignment of the contacts in AC (middle) and DC operation (right).

In both AC and DC operation, the multi-contact charging plug (2) includes two

Signal contacts, wherein the signal contacts are designed in such a way that they are a charging plug control pilot contact (CP) and a charging plug proximity pilot contact

contact (PP). Furthermore, the multi-contact charging plug (2) includes nine contacts for

Energy transfer. In AC mode, the contacts are configured to

Neutral conductor (N), a protective conductor (PE) and three outer conductors (L1)(L2)(L3), referred to herein as phases. The phases L1, L2, L3 are designed in such a way that they

Allow current flow from the charging station to the device to be charged.

The protective conductor (PE) is designed to ensure earthing and personal protection during charging. The neutral conductor (N) is designed to

Compensation of phase shifts of the currents in the phases is ensured. Furthermore, the multi-contact charging plug (2) provides two direct current contacts (+, —). In DC mode, the contacts are configured to include six direct current conductors. These are divided into three pairs each with a positive (+) and negative (=) pole and are designed to

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application enabling a direct current flow from the charging station to the device being charged. The LU103209

The protective conductor (PE) is designed to ensure grounding and personal protection during charging. Preferably, the device-side

Charging cable connection designed in such a way that it is identical to the mains-side

charging cable connection.

CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application

Claims (26)

Patent claims LU103209 1. Universal charging mode switching charging system (1), preferably CSS Combi Standard compatible, comprising at least one multi-contact charging plug (2), wherein the multi-contact charging plug (2) has two segments, in particular consists thereof, comprising at least: - a first segment, each preferably comprising at least 5 poles, particularly preferably 7 poles, which can be operated in alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) mode, - a second segment, comprising two poles which enable charging in DC mode with high power in interaction with the first segment or instead of the first segment, characterized in that the charging mode switching charging system (1), which includes the multi-contact charging plug (2), connects an energy storage device to be charged to a charge source and is designed to efficiently charge the energy storage device to be charged with alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) in a selective and dynamically controlled manner. 2. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 1, which comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) which is compatible with CCS Combo 1 or 2 standard and which supplements this by preferably at least 2, particularly preferably 4 poles which can be operated optionally in DC or AC mode by means of switching electronics. 3. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) is configured to mediate the charging process with an energy storage device to be charged. 4. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage device to be charged is an electric vehicle, particularly preferably an electric land vehicle with an integrated accumulator, such as an electric and/or hybrid land vehicle. CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application 5. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein LU103209 the charging mode switching charging system (1) comprises at least one multi-contact charging plug (2) and a charging cable (3), wherein the charging cable (3) has redundant cable wires which can be operated switchably in DC or AC mode. 6. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides an immediate computing unit (4) which is configured to selectively and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging mode. 7. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides an immediate computing unit (4) which is configured to automatically, selectively and dynamically control the switching between AC and DC charging mode. 8. The charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 7, wherein the charging mode switching charging system (1) provides an immediate computing unit (4) and a communication module. 9. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the user can dynamically control the charging at least between an AC mode and a DC mode, preferably via a remote computing unit. 10. Charging mode switching charging system (1) according to claim 9, wherein the direct computing unit controls an automatic switching of the charging mode based on unconsciously introduced modulations of the current and voltage intensity, preferably with less than 10% of the charging values, and/or sends a control request to the user via the communication module and/or a display. 11. Charging mode switching system (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the switching between DC and AC is controlled by the energy storage device to be charged, particularly preferably by an electric vehicle, or by an operating unit on the multi-contact charging plug (2) or via a charging station connected to the system. CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application 12. Charging station, comprising at least one charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the charging station controls the switching of the charging process between DC and AC. 13. Charging station according to claim 10, wherein the choice of charging mode (DC or AC) is preferably made by the operator and/or the vehicle and/or the user and is based on external conditions such as temperature and charge level of the accumulator, available charging time and capacity and availability. 14. A method for controlling and/or regulating a charging process of an electric vehicle, comprising the following steps: - monitoring (S01) a repetition frequency of an alternating current (AC) network during an AC charging mode by a computing unit, in particular, in particular, by a direct computing unit (4), in a charging mode switching charging system (1), wherein the computing unit is equipped with a frequency sensor for detecting the repetition frequency; - automatically adjusting (S02) the charging mode by the computing unit, in particular, in particular, by the direct computing unit (4), upon detection of a decrease in the repetition frequency by the frequency sensor, which indicates a high network load, wherein the adjusting is based on predefined threshold values stored in the computing unit, in particular, the direct computing unit (4), in order to select between a plurality of charging modes, which comprise at least alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging modes; - transmitting (S03) a signal representing the high grid load from the charging mode switching charging system (1) to a remote charging mode switching charging system (1) by means of a communication module; - changing (S04) the charging mode by the remote charging mode switching charging system (1) in response to the received signal of the high grid load, wherein the remote system is configured to autonomously control, in particular interrupt, pause or resume, and/or regulate, in particular reduce, the charging mode based on the received information and the analysis by a computing unit, in particular its own immediate computing unit, thereby ensuring LU103209 that the grid load is not too high. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the frequency sensor is further configured to continuously monitor the repetition frequency, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to perform the automatic adjustment of the charging mode at predetermined intervals, thereby ensuring a consistent response to network load fluctuations. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising the step of: - providing feedback (S05) to the user regarding the setting of the charging mode via a user interface on the charging mode switching charging system (1) or a connected remote computing unit, wherein the feedback comprises at least one of a visual warning, an acoustic signal, and a haptic notification. 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined thresholds comprise parameters for minimum and maximum acceptable repetition frequencies and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to select the DC charging mode when the repetition frequency falls below the minimum threshold. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the communication module is further configured to receive information about grid utilization and stability, weather and temperature data, user-related data, the availability of renewable energy and/or the energy price from an external database, and the immediate computing unit (4) is configured to set the charging mode based on the most cost-effective electricity tariffs available at the time of charging. 19. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the method is executed by a computer, cause the computer to monitor the repetition frequency during the charging process of an electric vehicle (S01) and/or to execute the method according to one of claims 14 to 18. CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application 20. A method for controlling and/or regulating the charging process of an electric vehicle at a charging station, comprising the following steps: - detecting (E01), by an integrated temperature sensor of a charging plug (2), an ambient temperature around the plug area and/or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged; - accessing (E02) a database with stored temperature values corresponding to safe operating conditions, by a computing unit (4); - comparing (E03) the detected ambient temperature and/or the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged by the computing unit (4) with the temperature values stored in the database; - controlling or regulating (E04) the charging current by the computing unit (4) within the charging plug (2) when the detected temperature approaches a predefined threshold value in order to prevent overheating; wherein the charging plug (2) is part of a charging mode switching charging system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, which comprises a charging cable (3), and wherein the computing unit (4) is further configured to adjust the charging voltage in conjunction with the charging current in order to optimize the charging process while preventing overheating. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the database contains temperature values corresponding to a range of ambient temperature conditions under which the charging plug (2) is certified for safe operation, and wherein the computing unit (4) is configured to adjust the charging current so as to maintain the ambient temperature within this range. 22. The method of claim 20 or 21, further comprising the step of logging each instance in which the charging current is reduced due to a predefined temperature threshold approaching, and storing the instances in a memory for future analysis. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the future analysis comprises identifying patterns of overheating incidents and adapting the predefined CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application temperature threshold or the charging current reduction strategy based on this LU103209 pattern. 24. Method according to one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the computing unit (4) also adjusts the charging voltage in addition to the charging current when the detected temperature approaches the predefined threshold value. 25. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the computing unit (4) is configured to prioritize the reduction of the charging current based on the temperature data of the energy storage device to be charged over the ambient temperature when the temperature of the energy storage device to be charged is closer to its predefined threshold value. 26. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the method is executed by a computer, cause the computer to detect the ambient temperature around the plug area and/or a temperature of the energy storage device of the electric vehicle to be charged (E01) and/or to execute the method according to one of claims 20 to 25. CLVR-0016-P-LU Luxembourg patent application