LT6312B - Combined solar collector for heat generation and photovoltaik power - Google Patents

Abstract

The combined solar collector for heat generation and photovoltaic power has a number of significant differences. The combined collector is composed of several blocks: block absorption of solar thermal energy, block of water heating and photovoltaic power generation. The block for absorption of solar thermal energy and water heating are placed into a heat insulating box. The water heating block is made on the basis of the heat exchanger type "annular tube" and consists of sections, the number of which corresponds to the number of heat pipes. The block for absorption of solar thermal energy is covered by glass and the water heating block is covered by photovoltaic generator, e.g. with photo film elements. Sections (zones) of heat pipes (closed two-phase thermosyphons) are placed in the block of thermal energy absorption; there occurs boiling (evaporation) of coolant during heat supply. Condensation zones of the heat pipes are placed in the water heating block. Heat pipes transfer the solar energy heat to the heated water in the heat exchanger using a "dry contact" method. There is also an embodiment of the water heating block, which is executed according to the type of heat exchanger “annular tube". Water heating is carried out with heat pipes, condensation zones of which are in direct contact with the heated water. Water heating unit is made in several different embodiments. One of embodiments, for example, is one in which the water heat exchanger sections are placed parallel arrangement to each other and have different heights. Another version as the heat exchanger sections of water heating are made with a V-shaped design. Evaporative zones of heat pipes are placed on a substrate. The substrate consists of a base, which made by means of the longitudinal grooves. In the body of longitudinal grooves embedded electric heating elements, each of them is placed under the evaporation zone corresponding heat pipe.

Description

The combined collector can be used for both heat and electricity. Electricity and heat generated, vol. y. warm water used to supply individual dwellings, industrial premises and establishments. The collector can also be used for technological purposes in companies of various industries.

General provisions

Combined solar collectors for thermal and photovoltaic energy generation have several key features.

The combined manifold consists of several units - solar thermal absorption, water heating and photovoltaic units. The water heating and solar heat absorption units are placed in a thermal insulation box. The water heating unit is based on the principle of a tube-to-tube heat exchanger and consists of sections as many as heat pipes. The thermal energy absorption unit is covered with glass and the water heating unit is covered with a photoelectric generator, for example, with film photovoltaic cells.

In the thermal absorption unit, sections (zones) of heat pipes (closed biphasic thermosiphons) are installed. When they are supplied with heat, they are boiled (evaporated) by the heat transfer medium. The condensation zone sections of the heat pipes are installed in the water heating unit. The heat pipes transfer the heat of the solar energy to the water heated by the heat exchanger by "dry contact".

Another design variant of the water heating block is provided, which is constructed according to the example "pipe-in-pipe" heat exchanger. The water is heated by heat pipes whose condensation zones come into direct contact with the heated water.

Several constructional options for installing a water heating unit are envisaged. For example, one of the design solutions of the water heat exchanger section is that the water heat exchanger sections are arranged parallel to each other and have different heights. Another solution: V-shaped water heating heat exchanger section construction.

The boiling (evaporation) zone sections of the heat pipes are mounted on a pallet.

The pallet consists of a base with longitudinal grooves. The longitudinal groove cavities are provided with electric heating elements, each of which is located below the evaporation zone of the respective heat pipe. For example, the V-shaped heat exchanger manifold heat pipes are made of several parts, in addition to the evaporative zone sections and adiabatic sections of both the circular (oval) and square (rectangular) cross sections. The sections of the heat pipe evaporation zone are fitted with non-porous and porous fins.

The heat generated is used for space heating and air conditioning. Electricity is used to power the collector's own heating system, process machinery and apparatus.

State of the art

There are various collectors and devices that use solar energy. They are divided into two large classes: heat collectors and photovoltaic modules. Heat collectors absorb only heat energy, and photoelectric generators (modules) absorb light energy. photovoltaic generators also absorb heat energy that is radiated into the environment, in other words, not usefully utilized. There are Combined solar collectors. Such collectors generate both heat and electricity.

Combined solar collector designs with installed photovoltaic generators (modules) and air and water heating systems have also been developed: {Company Conserval Engineering, Ine. (Canada) and by authors: V. Kuvshinov, V. Safonov, "Combined photo-helio collector with flat concentrator" (in Others Publication)}. These collectors use light energy to generate electricity and heat energy to heat air or water in multi-purpose buildings. The main disadvantages of the mentioned collectors are: 1) high weight and dimensions of the collectors; 2) low thermal efficiency of heat transfer to heated heat transfer medium, especially to air.

U.S. Patent 4,389,533; U.S. Cl. 136/248; 136/246, 251, 436; a photoelectric plant for the production of electricity and heat was proposed. A distinctive feature of the said patented device is the container with heat-accumulating materials, which is mounted under the photovoltaic cells. The container with the materials is mounted above the cavity for pumping air or water. Disadvantages of the above design:

the heat transfer system is characterized by high inertia; it takes a long time to start the system;

low thermal efficiency of the heat transfer from the storage container to the heated air or water;

pumping of heated air or water requires additional equipment, fan or pump.

U.S. Patent 4,438,759; 4,513,732; 4,686,961; U. S. CI.126 / 618; 635, 638, 640, 643; 165 / 104.22; Solar collectors with heat pipes and two-phase thermosiphons are proposed in 165 / 104.24. Collectors of all constructions have the following characteristics: their heat-absorbing plate consists of sections of the evaporation zone of the heat pipes. The condensation sections of all types of solar thermal pipes are mounted in a tank battery. Only the edges of the sections of the evaporation zone and the configuration of the air and water channels differ. The condensation zone sections of the tank-mounted heat pipe also differ in construction. The disadvantages of these structures are:

sophisticated and inadequately reliable system of connecting heat pipes in a tank battery;

difficult to install and collapsible collector construction;

no uniform heat transfer to the heated water from the surface of the condensation zone is ensured;

Popular designs of solar thermal collectors using heat pipes (two-phase thermosiphons). U.S. Patent No. 5,931,156; U.S. Cl. 126/635; No. 126/639, 640 proposes a heat collector having a heat-absorbing plate having channels which, when heated by the heat transfer medium, evaporate and the resulting vapor rises to the annular channel in the water heating boiler. This method of heat transfer conforms to the principle of operation of the heat pipe. This design ensures high heat transfer efficiency and high enough efficiency.

The main disadvantages of the design and heat transfer proposed in this patent are:

uneven steam condensation process in circular water heating boiler channel and its consequences - extremely uneven and poor water heating;

a vibratory turbulator installed in a water heating boiler makes the construction more complicated and difficult to control, but it can be said that the heat transfer after installation does not increase at all;

manifold construction is not technological, it is difficult to fill the ducts with heat carrier.

Globe Solar Energy, Ine (Canada) Solar Collector Thermal Tubes for Water Heating. The evaporation zone sections of the heat pipe are placed in glass pipes, while the condensation zone sections are located in the batch battery. The glass tubes maintain a set vacuum, which provides more efficient absorption of solar thermal energy. Such a collector, despite its efficiency, has many fundamental disadvantages:

expensive and complex system for sealing glass tubes and maintaining a fixed vacuum in them;

the collector is very heavy, so it is problematic to mount it high;

high production cost and lack of reliable construction.

The most similar prototypes are US Patent Application 2009/0288705 Al; U.S. Cl. 136/256, 248; 126/569 and Patent Application of Israel 204394; Int CI.F24J2 / 04; F24J2 / 20, 24 technical solutions provided;

The specified hybrid manifold designs use different types of coils mounted above or below the photoelectric generators. The purpose of the coils is to heat the water using solar radiation. They also remove heat from the substrate of the photovoltaic cells. Application 2009/0288705 Al emphasis on variations in the layout of the pipes to supply heated and drained heated water. However, the arrangement of the water inlet and outlet coils in the coils has no significance in terms of radiant heat exchange. Patent Application of Israel 204394 is coiled in a collapsible cavity consisting of two parts. The condensation zone sections of the heat pipes are located in the cavity ducts. As a result, additional heat resistance is created by the transfer of heat from the heat pipes to the heated water. Thus, the efficiency of heat transfer is greatly reduced.

In addition, hybrid manifolds have many other drawbacks:

the water heating coil is mounted on a prefabricated plate, which greatly complicates its production and worsens drainage drainage conditions;

this structure does not provide heating of the water circulating in the coil when exposed to sunlight;

when the ambient (air) temperature falls (or when it rains) the heat of the heated water is transferred to the environment;

the construction is heavy and its production process complicated and expensive.

There are other patents covering various designs of solar collectors and photovoltaic modules:

U.S. Patent 4,067,315; U.S. CI.126 / 636, 652; 165 / 104.26;

U.S. Patent 4,237,866; U.S. Cl. 126/635, 621, 639,658,663; 165 / 104.25;

U.S. Patent 4,389,533; U.S. Cl. 136/248, 246,251; 126/436;

U.S. Patent 4,416,261; U.S. Cl. 126/635; 126/654;

U.S. Patent 4,421,100; U. S. CI.126 / 618; 635, 640,643; 165 / 104.22, 104.24;

U.S. Patent 4,438,759; U.S. CI.126 / 635, 661; 165 / 104.21; 165/182;

U.S. Patent 4,513,732; U.S. Cl. 126/570, 635,638,642,645,660,705; 165 / 104.11;

U.S. Patent 4,686,961; U.S. Cl. 126 / 635,652; 165 / 104.21;

U.S. Patent No. 5,931,156; U.S. CI.126 / 635, 639, 640; 165 / 104.12; 165 / 104.14; U.S. Patent No. 5,935,343; U.S. CI.136 / 246, 244, 259; 126/621, 623, 633, 670,

675;

U.S. Patent No. 6,014,968; U.S. Cl. 126/639, 655, 657; 640, 655, 661, 906, 907; U.S. Patent No. 6,018,123; U.S. CI.136 / 248, 251,291;

U.S. Patent No. 6,630,622 B2; U.S. CI.136 / 246, 248, 251; 291; 52 / 173.3; 126/623; U.S. Patent No. 6,655,375 B2; U.S. CI.126 / 639, 652, 635; 623;

U.S. Patent No. 7,318,432 B2; U.S. CI.126 / 569, 651, 669, 707, 711; 165 / 104.32;

134;

U.S. Patent No. 7,412,976 B2; U.S. CI.126 / 684, 635, 652; 657, 658;

U.S. Patent No. 7,610,911 B2; U.S. Cl. 126/622, 621, 569; 664, 709;

U.S. Patent No. 7,677,243 B2; U.S. Cl. 126 / 621,628, 646; 653, 655; 454/254;

U.S. Patent No. 7,856,974 B2; U.S. Cl. 126/643, 634, 698; 658;

U.S. Patent No. 7,931,019 B2; U.S. Cl. 126/643, 569, 634; 165/120, 164; 137/124,

U.S. Patent No. 7,971,587 B2; U.S. Cl. 126/635, 271, 650, 652; 165/181;

GB 2446219 (A); Int. CI.H01 L31 / 058; F24J2 / 04;

Patent CZV02009115062 (A); Int. CI.F24J2 / 20, 46; F24J2 / 00, 04;

Patent RU 2194929; Int. CI.F24J2 / 15, F24J2 / 24;

Patent RU 2267716; Int. CI.F24J2 / 24;

Patent RU 2358208; Int. CI.F24J2 / 52;

US Patent Application 2003/0121515 Al US Patent Application 2009/0114212 Al US Patent Application 2009/0288705 Al US Patent Application 2010/0199973 Al

U.S. Cl. 126/635, 638,639;

U.S. Cl. 126/635, 638,639;

U.S. Cl. 136/256, 248; 126/569; U.S. CI.126 / 610, 640, 635, 714; U.S. Cl. 126/635, 638, 639, 640;

US Patent Application 2011/0226233 Al Patent Application of Israel 204394; Int CI.F24J2 / 04; F24J2 / 20, 24.

Other publications

V. Kuvshynov, V. Safonov “Combined photo-helio collector with flat concentrators”

Collected Scientific Articles of the Sevastopol National University of Nuclear Energy and Industry, 2009, no. 2, p. 124-129.

H. F. De Vries, W. Camming, I. C. Francken, Fluid circulation control in conventional and heat pipe planar solar collector; Solar Energy, 1980, 4 vols., No. 1, p. 209-213.

Heat Pipe Collector Heat and Vent. Rev. 1983, Vol. 23, no. 12, p. 74;

Globe Solar Energy, Ine. (Canada); www.globesolarenergy.com.

Drawings

Figures 1, 1a, 1 b, and 1 c. Design diagram of a combined collector for heat and electricity with parallel heat exchange sections in a tube-to-tube heat exchanger.

Figures 2, 2a and 2b. Design diagram of a combined manifold with a V-shaped heat exchange section in a tube-to-tube heat exchanger.

Figures 3, 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d. Construction diagram of a tray with electric heating elements.

and Fig. 4a. Construction of water heating heat exchanger with parallel heat transfer sections.

and Fig. 5a. Construction of water heating heat exchanger with V-shaped heat exchange sections.

Figures 6, 6a and 6b. Several variants of Combined Manifold heat pipe construction.

Figures 7, 7a, and 7b. Pipe-to-tube heat exchanger for combined manifolds with heat pipes.

The essence of the invention

Figures 1, 1a, 1b and 1c. a general view of a combined solar collector for water heating and photovoltaic energy is provided. The collector consists of 2 blocks: Block (A) for solar thermal energy absorption and Block (B) for water heating and photovoltaic generation. Block (A) and block (B) are installed in the thermal insulation box (1). Thermal insulation box (1) covered with glass (2). Block (B) is equipped with a photovoltaic panel (3) for generating photovoltaic energy. The solar thermal absorber unit (A) is assembled from a set of evaporative sections (4) of heat pipes (HV) in the tray (5). The tray (5) is made of heat and electrical insulating material containing electric heating elements (6). The fins (7) are provided in the sections (4) of the evaporation zone of the heat pipes (HV). The evaporation zone sections (4) of the heat pipe (HV) with fins (7) form a heat-absorbing plate (8). The fins (7) are intended to increase the area of the heat-absorbing plate (8) and to press against the surface of the evaporative area (4) of the heat pipes by means of fastening elements (not shown in Fig. 1). Thermal pipe constructions are also envisaged where the fins are fixed directly into the sections of the evaporation zone. The condensation zone sections (9) of the heat pipe (HV) are arranged in block (B). Block (B) is a sectional tube-to-tube heat exchanger (10). The heat exchanger sections (10) are as many as the heat pipes mounted in the manifold box (1). One of the box walls (1) is provided with plug connectors (11) for connecting electric heaters (6) to the power supply.

Figures 2, 2a and 2b. shows a modification of the Combined Manifold. The heat exchanger (10a) of this modification is made of V-sections. (10a) The construction of the heat exchanger is shown in Figures 5 and 5 a. Composite heat pipes (CH) are manufactured for said manifold. The evaporation zone sections (4) are formed with the adiabatic sections (12) of the condensation zone (9), for example by means of connecting couplings (13). The evaporation zone sections (4) of the heat pipe (HV) with fins (7) form a heat-absorbing plate (8). The condensation zone sections (9) are installed in the heat exchanger heat exchanger sections.

The tray (5) is shown in Figures 3 and 3a. The pallet consists of a base (3.1) with longitudinal grooves (3.2). These grooves contain sections (4) of the evaporative zone of the heat pipe (HV), and heating elements (6) are mounted on the walls of the longitudinal grooves. To increase the mechanical strength of the base (3.1), the base is reinforced with stiffeners (3.3).

Figures 3b, 3c and 3d. illustrates spiral and string heating elements (6). The heating elements (6) are secured with clamps (3.4) and (3.5). Each clip has a terminal (3.6) to which the power cords (3.7) are connected. Power is provided to the heating elements (6) via plug connectors (3.8) and (3.9).

and Fig. 4a. a drawing (10) of the heat exchanger with the vertically arranged heat exchange sections (4.1) is given. Each heat exchange section has external (4.2) and internal (4.3) heat transfer pipes interconnected by welded caps (4.4). The heated water moves through the annular space (4.5) between the outer (4.2) and inner (4.3) heat transfer pipes. The outer (4.2) heat transfer pipes are interconnected by means of nozzles (4.6) and (4.7). The heat exchanger sections (4.1) are of different lengths, so the pipes (4.7) are welded at an angle of 30-50 degrees. This ensures free drainage of water from the sections when the water stops circulating. sections of the condensation zones (9) of the heat pipes (HV) are inserted into the inner (4.3) heat exchange pipes. To improve thermal contact, an insert (4.8) made of a heat-conductive material such as copper or aluminum foil or filings is inserted between the condensation zone (9) of the heat pipe and the inner surface of the heat exchange pipe (4.3). Water is supplied to the annular space (4.5) by the pipe (4.9) and drained by the pipe (4.10).

and Fig. 5a. a drawing of the heat exchanger (10a) with heat exchange sections of the V-shaped structure (5.1) is provided. Each heat exchange section has external (5.2) and internal (5.3) heat transfer pipes interconnected by welded caps (5.4). The heated water moves through the annular space (5.5) between the outer (5.2) and inner (5.3) heat transfer pipes. The external heat exchange pipes (5.2) are interconnected by means of flanges (5.6). Water is supplied to the annular space (5.5) by the pipe (5.7) and drained by the pipe (5.8). The internal (5.3) heat transfer pipes are fitted with sections of condensation zones (9) for the heat pipe (HV). In order to improve thermal contact, an insert (5.9) made of a heat-conductive material such as copper or aluminum foil or filings is placed between the surface of the condensation zone (9) of the heat pipe and the inner surface of the heat exchange pipe (5.3). This heat exchanger uses folding heat pipes [cf. Figures 6, 6a and 6b]

The conduits (9) of the condensation zone (9) of the heat pipe are equipped with terminals (5.10) whose structures correspond to the arrangement of the sections in the heat exchanger. The outlet (5.10) has a nozzle (5.11) which connects it to the adiabatic heat pipe (ND) section. All heat exchange sections (5.1) are installed at an angle of 30 to 50 degrees to the horizon to ensure that water is leaked from the annular space (5.5) after the water has stopped circulating. The heat exchanger sections (5.1) are of different lengths so that the heat exchanger can be mounted in a standard gauge box (1).

Figures 6, 6a and 6b. several possible variants of the construction of the combined manifold heat pipe are presented. The heat pipe consists of an evaporation zone section (4), a condensation zone section (9) and an adiabatic section (12). These sections are interconnected by couplings (13). The heat pipe may be made of circular, oval or other cross-sectional pipe. Weld the cover (6.2) of the evaporation zone section (4) and cover the condensation area section with a cap (6.3) fitted with a flange (6.4) through which the heat pipe is filled with heat transfer medium (6.5). The fins (6.6) are attached to the evaporation zone section to increase the heat-absorbing surface of the solar collector (8).

Combined solar thermal pipes use a binary heat transfer medium, such as methanol.

Figures 7, 7a, and 7b. A design is a tube-to-tube heat exchanger (10b) having a heat exchange section (7.1) comprising an external heat exchange tube (7.2) and a condensation zone section (9) of the heat pipe (HV). The heated water moves through the annular space (7.3), which consists of an external heat exchange pipe (7.2) and a condensation zone section (9) of the heat pipe (DHW). The heat transfer tube (7.2) is sealed at the top by a welded blind cover (7.4) and the lower part is fitted with a sealing nipple (7.5). The heat exchange sections (7.1) are interconnected by the pipes (7.6) and (7.7). The heat exchanger sections (7.1) are of different lengths, so the pipes (7.6) are welded at an angle of 30-50 degrees. This ensures an even fill of the annular space with heated water and drainage of water from the annular space when the water is disconnected and stopped circulating. The heated water enters sections (7.1) via a pipe (7.8) and drains through a pipe (7.9). At the end of the heat pipe adiabatic section (12) (see Fig. 7 b) is a threaded sleeve (7.10), which screws the heat pipe into a sleeve (7.5) and secures it to the coaxial axis of the heat exchange pipe (7.2). a pipe (7.12) welded to the bottom of the heat pipe (7.11) through which the heat pipe is filled with heat transfer medium. In the indicated heat exchanger, the walls of the condensation zone section (9) of the heat pipe (HV), which is hot, come into direct contact with the heated water.

A combined solar collector to generate heat and electricity from solar power works as follows:

The finished combined manifold, for example as in Fig. 1, is mounted on the roof or on a pallet (when mounted on the ground) so that the photovoltaic panels (3) and the heat-absorbing plate (8) face southwest. The collector is inclined at an angle of 10-150 degrees to the horizon. This is the optimum inclination angle from the point of view of the efficiency of heat pipe and biphasic thermosiphon. The photoelectric plate (3) is connected to the electrical storage system by the pipes, and the heat exchanger (10) to the heated water system - the pipes (4.6) and (4.7). Upon entering the light stream, the photovoltaic panel (3) turns on and begins to produce an electrical current corresponding to its specifications. As the solar radiation flux increases, the thermal radiation begins to heat the heat-absorbing plate (8). During the radiant heat exchange due to the thermal conductivity, heat enters the fins (7) and sections (4) of the evaporation zones of the heat pipes (HV). The heat pipe starts to operate at a temperature difference of 0.5 to 1.0 ° C in the evaporation zone (4) and the condensation zone (9). This difference in temperature is sufficient for the heat transfer tube (6.5) to begin to transfer heat of evaporation to the heated water circulating in the annular space of the heat exchanger (10) (4.5). The heat pipes start operating before the set boiling point has been reached. When the coolant (6.5) reaches a set boiling point, for example 55 ° C, the heat pipes start to run at full thermal load corresponding to their thermal capacity. As the temperature rises and the amount of sunlight rises, the boiling point of the heat transfer medium (6.5) increases, increasing the amount of heat transmitted to the heated water. The boiling heat transfer intensity to the condensation zone reaches more than 4,000 W / m2 of heat pipe cross-sectional area.

The solar heat in the heat exchangers (10) and (10a) is transferred from the condensing heat transfer medium (6.5) to the heated water by "dry contact". Between the heated water in the annular space and the heat pipe of the heat transfer medium (6.5) there are two dividing walls and an insert (4.8) [cf. Fig. 4 b] or (5.9) [see fig. Figure 5 b. The insert creates additional thermal resistance during heat transfer. Despite the additional thermal resistance, the collector efficiency is 55-65 percent. larger than conventional solar collectors, in other words, collectors with direct water heating in heat exchange tubes.

In the heat exchanger (10b), the heat of the solar energy is transmitted from the condensing heat transfer medium (6.5) through only one partition wall of the condensation zone section (9). This allows a 2.00-2.4-fold increase in heat transfer efficiency compared to conventional solar collectors. In addition, this applies to systems with both natural and forced circulation of heated water. A solar collector with heat pipes ensures the flow of heat in one direction. Therefore, as the boiling point of the coolant (6.5) in the evaporator sections (4) of the heat pipes increases, the temperature of the heated water increases. The heat transfer can only end when the temperature of the heated water reaches the boiling point of the heat transfer medium (6.5).

At night, the operation of the combined manifold is ensured by the electric heating elements (6) located in the base (3.1) of the pallet (5) [see fig. Figures 3a and 3b]. When the water in the system reaches 35-40 0C, the electric battery connected to the electric heating elements (6) by means of the plug connectors (11) automatically switches on. The battery is charged by the photovoltaic panel (3) during the day. The electricity stored is sufficient to maintain the boiling temperature of the heat transfer medium (6.5) in the heat pipes (ND) for 12 to 15 hours. It is sufficient for a combined collector with a heat-absorbing surface of 1.7-1.8 m2 to have a 100-watt photoelectric panel and 50-60 A / h. capacity battery.

The main advantages of the delivered collector

The main advantages of the presented collector and the novelty of the design of many of its elements allow to achieve the object of the invention: to increase the efficiency of solar thermal and photovoltaic processing, to reduce the weight and dimensions of the collector, to increase its efficiency and reliability.

5.1. The thermal efficiency of a collector with heat pipe and a pipe-to-tube heat exchanger is 55-65% when transferring heat by "dry contact". larger compared to conventional types of solar panels.

5.2. The use of heat pipes in the manifold ensures an even temperature of the entire surface and perimeter of the heat-absorbing plate.

5.3. By significantly reducing the length of the heating sections of the heat exchanger, the drainage system for heated water has been simplified.

5.4. Minimal heat loss to the environment without exposure to sunlight.

5.5. The photoelectric plate allows to extend the operating range of the collector both at night and in the absence of sunlight (in case of high clouds or rain).

5.6. The use of binary heat carriers with lower boiling points in heat pipes ensures rapid start-up of the collector and reduction of heat loss.

5.7. The tray with electric heating elements at the evaporative zone sections of the heat pipes ensures heat transfer at night for 12-15 hours.

Claims (14)

1. Combined solar collector for thermal and photovoltaic energy consisting of solar thermal absorption and water heating units, characterized in that the collector consists of two units (A) and (B) interconnected by heat pipes - closed two-phase thermosiphon, where the unit A consists of a heat-absorbing plate constructed of sections of the evaporative zone of the heat pipe, mounted on a tray with electric heating elements installed, block (B) consisting of a sectional heat exchanger for heating water, constructed in a pipe-in-tube, thermocouple mounted photoelectric plate; in block (A) a tray with electric heating elements is installed under the heat-absorbing plate, and the sections of the evaporation zone of the heat pipes are installed in the inner tubes of the heat exchanger sections, with a heat-insulating material insert between the walls. 2. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the water heating heat exchanger are arranged vertically and parallel to each other and have different lengths, 3. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the water heating heat exchanger compartments are of V-shaped construction and that the length of the pipes of each section is proportional to the size of the box in which the heat exchanger is placed. 4. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporation zone sections of the heat pipe tubes are coaxially arranged in the outer pipes of the heat exchanger sections and transfer heat from the surface of the condensation zone section directly to the heated water. 5. A combined manifold according to claim 4, characterized in that each heat exchanger section has a threaded sealing sleeve. 6. A combined manifold according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger is provided with collapsible heat pipes having a threaded sleeve in the adiabatic section. 7. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporation zones of the heat pipes are in the grooves of the tray. 8. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating elements are mounted in a tray and extend along grooves in which sections of the evaporative zone of the heat pipes are located. 9. A combined manifold according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating elements fixed in the tray are in the form of strings attached to the clamps. 10. A combined manifold according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating elements are in the form of a spiral which is mounted in the grooves of the tray. 11. A combined manifold according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the flanges connecting the heat exchange sections are welded at an angle of 3 ° to 5 ° in the lower part of the heat exchanger. 12. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert between the inner heat exchange tube and the condensation section is made of copper (aluminum) foil, filings or powder. 13. A combined manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the evaporative and condensation zone of the composite heat pipes have a circular cross-section and the adiabatic sections have an oval or rectangular cross-section. 14. A combined manifold according to claim 7, characterized in that the pallet is made of heat and electrical insulating material.