LT5693B - Method and device for hydrocarbon fuels modification, synthesis of gas, heat and electrical energy generation - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and device for hydrocarbons fuel modification, synthesis gas, heat and electric power generation. This device has hydrocarbon raw materials and additives containers, dosing-pumps which by hydraulic pipes are connected with electrostatic processing system, electrolyser and rotor and stator unit for mixing and dispersion preparation and placed into circular turbulent chamber, in its inner surface perimeter are mounted ultrasound emitters. The proposed method for providing autonomous functioning by using heat and electric energy of its own cogeneration system in which water electrolyser and anodic, and cathodic spaces hydraulically connected by pipe branches through operatable valves with rotor and stator unit cavity, where anolyte, catholyte and feed of hydrocarbon flows, passing through the rotor and stator unit and turbulent chamber with ultrasound emitters cavity of one, two or more rows of radial, rectangular openings, homogenizing, then by pipelines partially or completely directing throug

Description

The present invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to installations in the fuel, chemical, petroleum and other industries. The method and device address the multiple effects of high energy on liquid hydrocarbon fuels to modify the physico-chemical and performance parameters, to enhance it by air and modification, and to produce synthesis gas (H2 + CO), heat and electricity.

Known analogues (methods and devices) for high energy exposure to liquid hydrocarbon products and water:

1. RU 2223815 Cl, TPK ⁷ B01F 11/00, filed June 19, 2002, published February 20, 2004, entitled "Method, System and Device for Preparing Emulsion";

2. RU 26197 U, TPK ⁷ B01F 11/02, filing date: 05/07/2002, publication date: 20/11/2002, title: "Hydrodynamic Disperser";

3. RU 95116412 A, TPK ⁷ B01F 11/02, filed September 21, 1995, published September 10, 1997, entitled "Ultrasonic Mixer for Preparation of Emulsions";

4. RU 54816 U, TPK ⁷ B01F 5/00, 7/00, Filing Date: 20-01-2006, Publication Date 27.07.2006, entitled "Water and Fuel Oil Emulsion Preparation Unit";

5. BY 2650 Cl, IPC ⁶ B01F 3/08, C10L 1/00, 10/00, filing date 6/6/1996, Publication Date 3/30/1999, Title - "Water and Fuel Emulsion Preparation Unit";

6. RU 2202406 C2, TPK ⁷ B01F 3/08, Application Date 12/01/2001, Publication Date 20/04/2003, Title - "Water and Fuel Emulsion Preparation Method, Static Cavitation Emulsifier and Hydrodynamic Cavitation Emulsion homogenizer '.

The analog of the invention, "Water and Fuel Oil Emulsion Preparation Unit" (patent RU 54816), comprises a pump, an acoustic process generator whose electric motor shaft is coupled to a rotor with a built-in hexagonal impeller that divides it into two parts, a rotor made of two rows of radial, rectangular openings and surrounded by a cylindrical stator with two rows of radial, rectangular orifices annular vortex chamber, which is connected to the pump via the inlet nozzle and through the outlet to the fuel tank.

The prototype "Water and Fuel Emulsion Preparation Unit" (BY 3939 patent) shares the following essential features: consisting of water and fuel tanks, a pump, an electrolyzer, a pipeline, and an ultrasonic radiator, connected to a pressure port and a storage tank.

Disadvantages of analogs and prototype: dependence on external heat and electrical sources, high particle size dispersion and uneven distribution in dispersion medium, limited air retention time in emulsion, low stability.

The technical object of the invention is to provide a device which operates autonomously from external sources of heat and electricity and eliminates the indicated drawbacks of analogs and prototype.

The specified technical result is achieved by the new design of the unit and the introduction of additional units. Like the prototype, it has hydrocarbon feedstock and water tanks, pumps-dispensers, electrolyzer, electrostatic processing unit, tubularly connected to a stator-rotor system for aquatic complexes and hydrocarbon feedstock, annular vortex chamber with ultrasonic emitters on the inside surface the impact of high energy on fuel blends.

For anolyte and catholyte fuel components, gas flows through the gas stream and through circular openings through the electrostatic processing unit to the interior of the stator and rotor system continue to pass through the gap formed by ultrasonic emitters, resulting in an increased number and area of emitter elements. In addition, the electrolyzer not only generates and controls the parameters of aquatic complexes of small clusters, but also feeds impurities into them, which increase their oxidative properties, such as oxygen content. One or more metal salts are added as an additive to enhance their oxidative properties. Inhibitors such as methyl alcohol, glycols, CaCl ₂ solution are added as an additive to increase hydrate formation. The prepared fuel mixture is passed through an elevated temperature zone above the conversion catalyst in the fuel processor cavity, where hydrocarbon vapor-water conversion is carried out at 700-900 ° C. In addition, the amount of aqua complexes in the mixture guarantees the yield of synthesis gas according to the reaction: C _n H _{2 n + 2} + _n H ₂ O = nCO + ( ₂ n + 1) H ₂ .

Electrolyzer anode and cathode spaces are hydraulically connected via nozzles with hydrodynamic unit cavity valves to control the anolyte and catholyte fluxes, to adjust aquatic complex parameters (oxidative refresh potential, hydrogen index, surface tension, specific electrical volume, fracture voltage, polarization voltage, , electrochemical equivalent, electron content).

The device design creates several effects (erasure and mixing; turbulence; cavitation; fluid shear and displacement stresses; fluid temperature, pressure and velocity pulsation; microvacuum, temperature and hydro-cracking; resonant wave synchronization, non-linear acoustic effects, centrifugation). High-energy effects of many factors intensify chemical, thermal mass exchange processes in the fuel being processed, form different free radicals (oxygen -O- and sulfur -S- bridges), oxygen-containing atomic groups: (-OH) hydroxyl, (= 00 =) carbonyl , (-COOH) carboxylic acids, which are highly reactive and bind to initiation reactions with other hydrocarbon molecules or other free radicals.

The device creates optimal conditions for interconnected and coordinated parallel sequential reactions: primary, destructive, when large molecule filaments are interlaced ("balls"), and secondary, stabilizing transitions ("quasi-granulations"), due to aqua complexes and hydrocarbons formation processes (according to the type "liquid honeycombs"). These honeycombs, which are formed by the intermolecular interaction of colloidal particles or large hydrocarbon molecules with aquatic complexes, retain their dissolved air and synthesis gas.

The unit allows the piping to be partially or completely directed to the fuel processor, where it is transformed into a gaseous fuel - synthesis gas (H2 + CO). As a result, the following embodiments of the unit are available: either it produces liquid and / or gaseous fuels collected in a finished product tank, or the gaseous fuel component can be converted into electricity and thermal energy necessary for the operation of the equipment itself.

Therefore, the gaseous fuel from the processor passes through the pipes into the area of direct conversion of the chemical energy of electrochemical fuel into electricity into the fuel cell battery with the solid electrolyte of the CHP system. It is also possible for the unit to operate in a state where it produces only electricity or electrical and thermal energy as a finished product. In this case, the unit operates in the mode of full consumption of the produced fuel mixture, converting it into gaseous fuel and then into electric and thermal energy.

The fuel processor is connected to the storage tank and / or cylinder filling system via a gaseous fuel outlet pipe via a compressor, as well as a cogeneration system, with heat and power generators where the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into thermal and / or electric power. high efficiency coefficient is produced in an electrochemical generator with high temperature fuel cells, where the chemical energy of the synthesis gas is converted into direct electric current.

In the hydrocarbon feedstock heater, the heat and electricity are delivered through a function support system, which is made as a unit automatic control unit and has an information capture system and actuator system. They algorithmically control the unit, maintaining conditions of temperature and mass exchange modes to optimize the output of the final products: converting DC / DC current from the unit to liquid / gaseous fuel, as needed.

The electrolyser membrane for the production of aqua complexes has a tubular or flat structure made of micro-porous ceramics on an alumina basis with a zirconia additive. In the fuel processor, the porous ceramic carrier is coated with nano-sized nickel particles that act as a catalyst for hydrocarbon vapor conversion. Its amount is determined by the processor performance relative to the synthesis gas. The design employs a modular principle to replace the exhausted catalyst.

The electrochemical current generator is made from high temperature fuel cells with solid electrolyte.

The power generated depends on the production variants of the unit. Uses a 1-10 kW fuel cell battery for its own electricity production. It uses MW grade batteries as a commercial product for heat and electricity production.

Flat or tubular fuel cells generally contain a zirconia solid electrolyte stabilized with yttrium oxide and / or scandium oxide in a cube or tetragonal structure. Solid electrolyte based on cerium or gallium oxide may be used.

Usually, a gas diffusion electrode with a manganite lanthanum strontium with a solid oxidation electrolyte additive is used as the fuel electrode.

Uses as a metal current conductor to connect batteries in a battery based on current and gas, typically uses chromium-plated Crofer22APU steel with a manganese and cobalt spinel coating to prevent alloy oxidation and chromium oxide emissions to the cathode cavity of the fuel cell

The solid electrolyte is 20-40 µm thick to reduce internal resistance. Therefore, the mechanical resistance function is transferred to a fuel cell current collector made of highly porous stainless steel on the fuel electrode side or on the manganite lanthanum strontium when carrying the oxygen "electrode" as a carrier. The specific capacities produced by a fuel cell battery should be 400-600 mW / cm ² , as lower specific capacities require an increase in the amount of cells, which makes the generator more expensive. High specific capacities cause the problem of removing heat from the cells, which also increases the cost.

The unit allows to increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon system recycling by converting recyclable oil and refinery waste into suitable fuel. In addition, the product may include liquid fuel blend, gaseous fuel in the form of fusion gas (H2 + CO), thermal and electrical energy from cogeneration with a high conversion efficiency up to 90% of the chemical energy of the fuel into electricity.

Claims (10)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A method of hydrocarbon fuel modification, synthesis gas, thermal and power generation, which uses no hydrocarbon feedstock and impurity tanks, a pump-metering pump connected by a hydraulic pipeline to an electrostatic process unit, a water electrolyzer, a rotor and stator mixing and dispersing unit, in a chamber with ultrasonic emitters arranged on the perimeter of its inner surface, characterized in that it utilizes heat and electricity for self-sustaining operation by its own cogeneration system, which hydraulically connects the water electrolyzer and the anodic and cathodic spaces through controlled valves to the rotor and stator assembly anolyte, catholyte, and hydrocarbon feed streams passing through one, two or more rows of radial, stator rotor and stator assembly and vortex chamber homogenizing, then piping partially or completely through a gaseous fuel processor to the central cavity of the rotor and stator assembly, to the electrochemical conversion zone of the direct fuel chemical energy to the solid state electrolyte and discharging through the fuel mixture piping into combustion chambers and / or long storage tanks for liquid or gaseous fuels or for conversion of gaseous fuels into thermal and electrical energy, and the content of aquatic complexes in the mixture corresponds to the reaction C _n H ₂ n + 2 + _n H ₂ O = nCO + (2n + l) H ₂ . 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyser is controlled by aquacomplex parameters and regulates the performance according to the anolyte and the catholyte, the electrolyzer having a semiconducting ceramic membrane which divides the anodic and cathodic cavities, electrodes and tubes, with both inlet and outlet ports. the cavities have adjustable valves, which are connected to an automatic control system, which also has an electrolyser regulated power supply unit. 3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyzer comprises a controlled dispenser which feeds to the water for electrolysis the following: oxygen-containing additives (one or more metal salts) which increase its oxidative properties and inhibitors (methyl alcohol, glycols, glycerol) , CaCl ₂ solutions), which increase hydrate formation. 4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the finely dispersed mixture is passed through an elevated temperature zone above the conversion catalyst in the fuel processor cavity and converted to a gaseous fuel. 5. A process according to claim 1, wherein the conversion of hydrocarbons into water vapor is carried out at a temperature of 700-900 ° C. 6. A process according to claim 1, wherein for the complete conversion of hydrocarbons into water vapor, the amount of aquacomplexes in the mixture must correspond to the reaction: C _n H _2n + ₂ + _n H ₂ O = nCO + (2n + 1) H ₂ and ensure the synthesis gas. 7. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it utilizes a system for gathering high communication information and a system of actuators which maintain optimal modes of operation according to a given control algorithm. 8. A hydrocarbon fuel modification, synthesis gas, thermal and power generating unit comprising hydrocarbon feedstock and impurity tanks, a pump-metering unit connected by a hydraulic pipeline to an electrostatic treatment unit, a water electrolyzer, a rotor and stator mixing and dispersing unit, mounted in a ring vortex chamber. with ultrasonic emitters arranged on the perimeter of its inner surface, characterized in that ultrasonic emitters are mounted on the peripheral inner surface of the rotor and stator system, forming a narrow, almost continuous gap for the mixture to pass through the high energy zone. 9. A device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fuel processor is connected to a storage tank and / or cylinder filling system via a gas compressor outlet pipe with a heat and power generator, wherein the fuel chemical energy is converted into thermal and / or electric power. energy. 10. A device according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that, in order to obtain thermal and electrical energy, it comprises a cogeneration system consisting of an electrochemical generator based on a high temperature solid state electrolyte fuel cell, a thermal and electric generating unit or a commodity product at the outlet; and in particular that the cogeneration system for generating thermal and electric power comprises an electrochemical generator based on a solid electrolyte high temperature fuel cell; second, connected to the fuel processor output via an adjustable valve, 5 this allows the resulting thermal and electric energy to be directed to the unit's own needs.