LT5459B - Fuel and/or fodder based on materials of vegetable origin - Google Patents

Abstract

The present technical solution relates to fuel and/or fodder based on vegetable materials and pressed into granules and briquettes. The fuel and/or fodder claimed comprises vegetable material consisting of terraneous parts of plants at least 50 % by weight on total fuel and/or fodder weight. Other ingredients of vegetable and non-vegetable origin may be admixed to said terraneous parts of plants in an amount up to 50 % by weight. Said terraneous parts of plants include straw, hay, plant's stems and trunks, biomass of various agriculture plants and are pressed into granules and briquettes. Other combustible and/or fodder ingredients of vegetable or non-vegetable origin such as sawdust, bran, seed purification waste may be admixed during the process of making granules or briquettes in an amount up to 50 % by weight. Materials of inorganic origin, in particular, coal dust and other combustible materials and, in the case of fodder, tankage and other materials of animal origin also is tobe used.

Description

(57) Report:

The technical solution relates to fuel and / or feed produced from vegetable materials by pressing them into pellets and briquettes.

The proposed fuel and / or feed is compressed into pellets or briquettes based on the fact that the plant material constitutes at least 50% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed. Other components of plant and non-plant origin may be added to the above-mentioned parts of terrestrial plants up to 50% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed. The above-mentioned terrestrial parts of plants may include the following materials: straw, hay, plant stems and trunks, biomass of different cultivated crops.

The above-ground parts of agricultural crops are pressed into pellets or briquettes. Other flammable and / or feed ingredients of plant or non-vegetable origin, such as sawdust, bran, seed cleaning waste, etc., may be admixed to the above-mentioned parts of terrestrial plants for the production of granules or briquettes. - up to 50% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed. Non-vegetable materials, in particular coal dust and other combustible materials, shall also be used, and the following non-vegetable materials may be used as feed: carcass waste and other animal feed materials.

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Technical field

The technical solution concerns fuel and / or feed produced from vegetable materials by pressing them into pellets and briquettes.

State of the art

Nowadays fuel is also produced from plant materials: wood waste - sawdust, chips as well as various other agricultural crop waste such as straw and so on. A separate branch is the product of the so-called "energy plantation", when the whole plant grown for this purpose is processed.

The processing of agricultural waste and agricultural products by pressing this plant material into pellets or briquettes is relatively uncommon. An exemplary application of the invention is the publication CZ PV 2002-0885, which describes fuels compressed into granules or briquettes of hemp fiber.

The disadvantages of hitherto known fuels of this type and of their production methods are the fact that the starting material has to be crushed or ground and the fact that so far there are few other plant materials available in large quantities.

An example is the unstable current state of the use of waste from field seed treatment of agricultural crops. When cleaning seeds of agricultural plants and crops, such as cereals, oilseeds, fiber plants, herbs, waste is accumulated in the cleaning equipment: broken seeds, small seeds, particles of other parts of plants, seeds of non-cultivated plants and dust. This waste is currently disposed of as conventional waste or used for the production of litter or animal ballast.

The use of agricultural waste and agricultural products in animal feed for the compression of these plant materials into pellets or briquettes is relatively low.

The disadvantage of hitherto known feeds of this type is the fact that the raw material has to be crushed or ground and the fact that so far there are few other plant materials available in large quantities. Direct feeding of livestock has not proved its worth due to poor absorption of this waste.

There are many agricultural and crop processing wastes: bran, alcohol production residues, malt sprouts, malt dust and malt production residues, sugar beet processing residues, etc., which were formerly often used for direct feeding and partially incinerated. The decline in the number of cattle currently generates a surplus of waste and its properties prevent it from being stored or transported over long distances, leaving most of it unused and potentially endangering the environment.

The task of the technical solution is the invention of fuel and / or fodder made from plant materials, which uses straw, hay, plant stems and trunks and biomass obtained from various agricultural crops.

The essence of the invention

The above task is solved and eliminated by the deficiencies of known types of fuel and / or feed of this type from plant material - from the ground parts of agricultural plants and crops, which are compressed by pellets or briquettes - fuel and / or feed based on the fact that the plant material represents at least 50% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed.

Up to 50% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed may be added to the above-mentioned terrestrial plant components. The above-mentioned terrestrial parts of plants may include the following materials: straw, hay, plant stems and trunks, biomass of different cultivated crops.

The above-ground parts of agricultural crops are pressed into pellets or briquettes. Other flammable and / or feed ingredients of plant or non-vegetable origin, such as sawdust, bran, seed cleaning waste, etc., may be admixed to the above-mentioned parts of terrestrial plants for the production of granules or briquettes. - up to 50% of the total weight of the feed and / or fuel. Non-vegetable materials, in particular coal dust and other combustible materials, shall also be used, and the following non-vegetable materials may be used as feed: carcass waste and other animal feed materials.

This solution is more environmentally friendly and economically advantageous compared to the current use of the above-ground parts of agricultural crops and, in the case of fodder, this technical solution is also more environmentally and economically advantageous as it has been shown that - cattle, piglets, sheep, goats, poultry and others, as the ground parts of agricultural crops are crushed into pellets or briquettes before pressing.

Example of technical solution implementation

The above-ground parts of agricultural crops are pressed into pellets or briquettes at pressures of 1 to 120 MPa and temperatures of 10 ° C to 100 ° C. Temperature is not a major factor in this case, nor is it difficult to measure, so the temperature at which the pressing matrix and other major parts of the pressing unit automatically heat up during the process. This temperature must not exceed the ignition temperature of the pressed waste. Other plant and / or non-vegetable components, up to 50% of the total weight of the fuel, may be added to the weight of the crop and crop processing waste. However, the components may contain a small amount of non-flammable components, such as inorganic binders: cement, hydrate of lime, etc. However, flammability in this technical solution must be understood as exothermic flammability, which means that there will be ash residues that cannot be avoided by burning conventional materials. For the purposes of this technical solution, feedingstuffs must be understood as materials suitable for feeding, but they may also contain indigestible ingredients. Manufactured fuels are environmentally less harmful than other fuels such as coal.

In order to improve the consistency and compactness of the fuel, up to 10% of the total weight of the fuel and / or feed may be added to the soil and other ingredients of plant and / or non-plant origin, if any, for technological reasons prior to pressing. the final composition of the ready-to-use fuel and / or feed and its effect will not occur as the water will evaporate as described in the patent formulas.

The specific preparation, i.e. the composition of the already dried fuel with respect to the total weight of the prepared fuel according to the technical solution shall be:

example 80% agricultural land (hay, straw and other agricultural land) wood sawdust

20% by weight sample of ground parts of agricultural crops (trunks, stems and other ground parts of agricultural plants)

Example 3 above ground parts of agricultural crops (hay, straw and other above ground parts of agricultural plants) coal dust inorganic binder, eg cement 10 Example 4 above ground parts of agricultural plants (hay, straw and other above ground parts of agricultural plants) inorganic or an organic binder such as starch

100% by weight

80% by weight

19% by weight 1% by weight

99% by weight

1% by weight

Many of the products mentioned above as fuels can also be used as feed and vice versa.

Industrial use

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to exploit the terrestrial parts of agricultural crops, which make up a large proportion of the total weight of the agricultural products harvested, in terms of ecological and economic benefits. The resulting fuel pellets or briquettes can be incinerated in conventional incinerators. Feed pellets or briquettes can also be used to feed livestock on most farms.

Claims (3)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. From vegetable materials - produced fuel and / or fodder compressed into pellets and briquettes, characterized in that the plant material consisting of 5 parts, at least 50% by weight of the total fuel and / or feed. 2. Fuel and / or feed according to claim 1, characterized in that up to 50% of the above-ground parts of the agricultural crop are mixed. other combustible and / or feed materials of plant and / or non-vegetable origin from the total weight of the fuel and / or feed. 3. Fuel and / or fodder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the terrestrial parts of the agricultural plants 10 are straw, hay, plant stems and biomass of various crops grown in agriculture.