LT5295B - Process for sorptional purification of drinking-water - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to process for preparing drinking-water and can be used for purification of natural water by sorption process. A mountain rock shungite is used like a sorbent. The shungite having 27 to 32 % of carbon is pre-enriched bymechanical separation of samples up to 33 1 % of carbon concentration. The enriched shungite is subjected to grinding and particles with 1 Ám are used like the sorbent. This sorbent is mixed with water for purification and left for settling.

Description

The present invention relates to obtaining drinking water from natural sorbents from crushed 5 rock, such as shungite, and can be used for sorption purification and storage of tap and natural water.

Known method for partially solving the problem of sorption purification of water supply and natural water with natural sorbents from shungite of crushed rock (RU Patent No. 2056358, TPK ⁶ C02F 1/28, published March 20, 1996). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In a device for purifying and conditioning water, the charges are placed in successive layers in the container. The pretreatment charge layer consists of shungite with a concentration of surfactant groups in the range of 1-15 pg-eq / m ² , and the other layer is carbonate-containing rocks containing trace element subgroups of trace elements from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight. masses of rock. The pretreatment charge layer consists of crushed shungite having a particle size of 1-5 mm, as well as a subsequent treating load of dolomite-containing rocks comprising, in percentage: calcium - 20; magnesium - 11; iron - 0.002; copper - 0.01; cobalt - 0.001; nickel 0.002; zinc 0.01; chromium 0.002; vanadium - 0.001. The capacity of such a device is made up of two dismantling parts for pre-treatment and subsequent water treatment. At least a portion of each surface is made of porous material. This unit purifies water, increasing the degree of saturation of the treated water with calcium, magnesium salts, as well as trace amounts of elements of the Periodic Elemental System by-groups, in their constant amount during the subsequent water storage process.

The disadvantages of the indicated method are as follows;

(1) use of rare-type shungite with a high concentration of surfactant groups in the range of 1-15 ug-eq / m ² as a sorbent. Such a high content of surfactant groups is characteristic of migratory shungites (Š-1) with a carbon content of about 90%, with a prevalence of only a percentage of the more common shungite (Š-3) with carbon content of about 30%. The presence of active acid groups on the carbon surface results in a significant hydrophilia of this modification with shungite, which also implies lower adhesion and sorption capacity (IUyHruTki - Hoaoe ymepojiHoe cbipte. ITeTpo3aBoacK: Kapejina, 1984);

i LT 5295 B

2) high acidity (pH = 3 and less) of the water obtained after pretreatment. To neutralize it, carbonate-containing rocks need to be used in secondary water treatment;

3) the high cost of water treatment due to the composition of the sorbent (shungite, dolomite and quartz sand) and the equipment required (porous materials and complex vessel shape);

4) large particle size (1-5 mm) and high weight of filter material (three layers of 2 kg each);

5) low degree of purification: 0.48 mg / l of heavy metals (most of which iron 10) instead of 0.005 mg / l according to the claimed method; does not purify chlorine, while the claimed method is 98% chlorine free;

6) lack of disinfection efficiency.

The closest approach to the claimed technique, in terms of its technical merits and general characteristics, is the technical solution described in RU patent no. 2191748, TPK C02F 1/28, as published

10/27/2002 The object of the present invention is achieved by the fact that the sorbent is made of rock rock shungite containing 27 to 32% carbon, which during the grinding process eliminates impurities, selects particles from 0.5 mm to 0.5 μτη and carries them magnetically. separates and immediately seals and uses the sorbent to mix with the water to be purified in a ratio of 1: (500 to 1000) by volume and then passes it through the water to be treated in any suitable container, whereupon the water is filtered to full transparency or left storage by drawing on the same sorbent at all times up to the point of use. An embodiment of the known method using shungite pre-modified with aqueous alkali solution is possible. But the increased complexity of the modification method of shungite increases the cost of the sorbent and reduces its mechanical characteristics.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

1) no pre-mechanical enrichment of the shungite rock, which prevents the subsequent selection of shungite with a higher carbon content at lower ash content than the parent rock;

2) The sorbent is made from shungite with a low carbon content of 28 - 32%. This, as it turned out (Osipov E.V., Reznikov V.A., Carbon, 2002; 40, Issue 6, 961-5p), does not fully correspond to the complete transition of the carbon matrix to silicate, meaning that it does not reach its minimum mechanical resistance and greatly influences the final particle dispersion;

3) The large particle sizes of nite 5 mm and, consequently, the high weight and high cost of 1: (500-1000) currant needed for one liter of primary water.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the aforesaid disadvantages, namely: reducing the weight and price of the natural sorbent without impairing the efficiency of the water treatment.

The object is achieved by sorbent purification of drinking water comprising the use and production of natural sorbent from rock rock shungite, which in the process of grinding eliminates admixture of sorbent, magnetically separates and seals the sorbent and then mixes the sorbent with the treated water Stirring, pre-mechanical shungite rock enrichment with a carbon content of 27 to 32%, and selection of shungite containing 33 ± 1% carbon to produce sorbent material using particles smaller than 1 pm.

The first distinguishing feature of the claimed invention compared to the prototype is the pre-mechanical enrichment of shungite rock with a carbon concentration of 27 to 32%. Shungite rocks differ in their genesis, material and isotopic composition, aggregate and structural state of the shungite material (ΙΠγΗΓΜΤΜ - HOBoe yiriepoaHoe cbipse. - IIeTpo3aBoncK: Kapejina, 1984). In this way, careful selection of the primary shungite rocks is required to obtain a sorbent with the assigned properties. Natural stratified shungites with an average of 27 - 32% carbon, about 65% SiCb and up to 6% AI2O3 (Ulynrtrrhr - HOBoe yrjiepomrae cbipte. - IIeTp03aB04CK, 1984) have proved to be the most suitable for pre-mechanical enrichment and realization. The presence of acidic active groups on the surface of such a shungite consisting mainly of mineral component (65-70% S1O2) is minimal (much less than 1 pg-eq / m), which is of fundamental importance in maintaining the acidity of the purified water within the limits required by the standard. In addition, it gives higher adhesion and sorption capacity. Thus, for example, in the case of chlorine sorption, the maximum sorption capacity of shungite with carbon content of 27-32% is higher than that of the migration shungite (ΙΙΙ) Ήγητει - HOBoe yrnepoąHoe cbip & c. - nerpo3aBoacK: Kapenna Publishing Company, 1984), This allows the necessary sorbent mass to be reduced several times per liter of source water. It is within this range of carbon content in the shungite that the carrier matrix changes from mineral to carbon. However, rock enrichment is required for complete transition from mineral to carbon matrix.

Among the mechanical ways of enriching the shungite rock, the most important in practical terms are those based on the use of electrical conductivity. It is radiometric

- LT 5295 B enrichment by inductive radio-resonance separation based on split-stock material and magnetic hydrostatic separation from shungite, shredded to a maximum size of 1 mm. Enrichment of Shungite rocks with these methods allows to obtain Shungite enriched carbon, which has a coarse carbon matrix with heterogeneous structure and reduced mechanical strength, and concentrates with ash impurities are twice as small as those of the parent rock (B.A, MoKpoycoB, BA JlnneeBT. oooraineiiHe HepaaHoaicruBHbix pyai, - M., 1979 and BH, ΙΙΙοχηη, Α.Γ.JIonaraH. rpaBHTanHOHiibie mctohei oooiauieHHa. - M., 1980).

The second characteristic of the claimed mode is 33 ± that of the prototype

Use of 1% carbon-containing shungite as sorbent. It is in this range of carbon content in the shungite that ends the change of the carrier matrix from mineral to carbon. The mineral component contains silicates (-2/3 wt.%), Of which 80% is silica. Infrared spectral studies have shown that the spectrum type is different in shungite with different carbon contents (opal, agate and others) but no aluminum silicate bands are visible. This leads to the conclusion that the aluminosilicate phase is interconnected with the carbon phase and has an electrical conductivity, which allows an efficient enrichment process. However, only amorphous silica is visible in the infrared spectra, i.e. in this case, the silica matrix is weakly bonded to carbon, and the weakest mechanical bond is precisely at 32-35% carbon. Therefore, this particular type of shungite rock has the lowest mechanical resistance, the highest dispersion of carbon and mineral component, and is best suited for homogeneous fractions with particle sizes less than 1 μτα.

In the proposed process, the natural nine-component composite shungite is a specially treated and fuller-enriched dispersion system in which the dispersion phase (phylloene-containing shungite carbon - 1/3 wt.) Is evenly distributed in nanoparticulate dispersion medium (silicates ~ 2/3 wt. dioxide). Therefore, sorbent has high efficiency adsorbent, coagulant, flocculant and ionite properties; has sorption, catalytic and bactericidal properties.

A third distinguishing feature of the claimed invention compared to the prototype is that, after shredding, 33 ± 1% carbon-containing shungite sorbent is produced using only particles smaller than 1 μτη and not starting at 500 gm as a prototype. It is known (JI.A. KyjiECKHH. Teoperanecirae ochobei h τεχΗοποίΉίΐ KOHnuunoHnpoBaHua bouh. Ktfea: HayKOBa / ĮyMKa, 1983) that large particles with water do not form stable heterogeneous systems because they are subjected to gravitational precipitation by rapid action. The rate of sedimentation depends on the shape of the particles leading to their ratio of the gravity of sedimentation to the frictional force impeding this process. Water dispersions with a particle size of up to 10 μηι are, as a rule, completely kinetically unstable. Reducing the particle size to 1-0.1 gm results in a heterogeneous system characterized by a relatively small comparative surface of the dispersed phase and a weak intensity of the thermal motion of the particles. Such systems include suspensions, emulsions and foams.

The range of particle sizes in the range of 0.1 to 0.01 gm corresponds to the existence of colloidal and dispersive systems with a strongly developed interfacial surface, sufficiently intense particle motion and relatively high kinetic stability. Due to the large interfacial surface of colloidal systems, phenomena occurring in boundary layers (formation of double electrical layers, solvation shells, occurrence of molecular interaction forces between colloidal particles, as well as between particles and dispersed media, etc.) are of paramount importance to them. The main obstacle to achieving the highest dispersion of particles is the mechanical strength of the rock, which has been minimized by the enrichment of the Shungite rock.

Particles less than 1 gm in size are subjected to a special treatment that eliminates the possibility of further impurities entering them. This is mainly due to the presence of a significant amount of iron in the crushed rock, the presence of which is linked to the use of standard equipment made of iron-containing alloys for the initial shungite extraction from -500 mm to -5 mm. The iron value in the mill, which is generally accepted in the industry, is approximately one kilogram of metal per tonne of pulverized material (i.e. ~ 1 mg / g). In addition, the iron content of the mill only increases if the shungite is to be finely milled, particularly to less than 1 mm.

The use of magnetic separation in the shungite treatment process has allowed the removal of magnetic impurities from the sorbent during the primary shredding at the extraction site or accidentally trapped throughout the process chain prior to sealing. This made it possible to protect the adsorbent capacity of the sorbent by storing it well up to the point of realization. Therefore, vortex grinding has been used to implement the disclosed method, eliminating the introduction of additional impurities. The use of such high technology allowed the production of fractions with a particle size smaller than 1 μιη.

The formation of a continuous technological chain, from secondary crushing (after the primary quarry) to sealing the finished sorbent, has minimized the time of forced sorbent contact with the surrounding environment. At the same time a significant improvement in ⁶ LT 5295 B to increase cleansing and additional conditioning sorbent properties lead to significant finely ground Shungite adsorptive properties dependence of elapsed time from the crushing to the recovery time of time, stability and reversibility.

Below are examples of a technical solution according to the claimed method.

The realization of the method takes place in two stages. The first involves mechanical enrichment of shungite rock containing 27 to 32% carbon by a method based on the use of electrical conductivity. The most practicable radiometric enrichment method selects 33 ± 1% carbon shungite by inductive radio-resonance method based on the fragmentation of the raw material. Then, use a creation shredder to obtain a fraction with particle sizes less than 1 µm. Magnetic separation is used for a fraction having a particle size of less than 1 µm, after which the final sorbent is packaged in airtight packages. In the second step, when the sorbent is used for water purification and storage, the contents of the package are calculated at a maximum of 0.5 g / l (depending on the degree of water contamination and the size of the sorbent particles). The water is purified in a tall glass, enamelled or edible polyethylene container. Pour the contents of the sachet into a container (usually a high plastic bottle), fill with water and mix well by inverting the powder several times. Place the half-opened bottle vertically in the refrigerator and allow to stand for about 12 hours. Sediment and leachate contain contaminants adsorbed on the sorbent. There are two ways to get rid of them:

The first way. Carefully drain the clarified middle water into a clean container with a siphon tube and use it to take medicines and biologically active supplements. The sediment, together with a layer of water of about 2 cm, is poured into a separate container and collected after use as a paste for skin, joints, radiculitis and other diseases.

The second way. Place the bottle of clarified water vertically in the freezer. When completely frozen, removes the ice column from the bottle and cleans the top (~ 1 cm discarded) and bottom (~ 2 cm is stored in a separate container for later use as a paste for skin, joints, radiculitis and other conditions). The rest of the middle ice is placed in a clean container to dissolve and then used to take medicine and biologically active supplements.

This approach structures the water to be cleaned and stores therein all the beneficial elements of suspended materials but also eliminates, chlorine oil, ⁷ EN 5295 B, iron and heavy metal ions, surfactants, organic compounds, nitrates, phosphates and ammonium salts of radionuclides.

The results of water purification by this method are shown in the table.

Tests were carried out to confirm the cut-off values, the results of which are given in the table below.

Bacteriological studies were carried out by membrane filter method to determine the total bacterial content per ml of water and the colony index (coli index) per liter of intestinal rod. Studies on the effectiveness of disinfectant sungite were performed by passing water naturally contaminated with E. coli (1.2χ10 ⁵ pl / l). It follows from the table that at particle sizes smaller than 1 μτα, the sorbent / water volume ratio is reduced fivefold compared to the prototype, and the natural sorbent mass and cost are reduced accordingly without impairing the water purification efficiency.

In addition, harmful elements (iron and chlorine) are most effectively eliminated, while the beneficial elements (calcium, magnesium) remain in the purified water. The use of particles up to 1 µm in size resulted in an inefficient increase in the required sorbent mass due to a significant decrease in its sorption capacity, further increasing the size of the particles.

Table comparing sorbents and water from a declared method

Under investigation parameter Home water Pre-enriched shungite containing 33 ± 1% carbon Prototype Volume ratio of sorbent to water 1: 100 1: 100 1: 1000 1: 5000 1: (500-1000) Particle size, pm <100 <10 <1 <1 500-0.5 Iron, mg / l 1.4 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.01-0.05 Chlorine, mg / l 1.1 0.2 0.15 0.04 0.02 0.04-0.15 pH 6.86 5.6 6.42 6.9 6.9 6.9 Calcium mg / l 7.8 9.6 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.8-7.6 Magnesium mg / l 1.4 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4-1.3 E. coli, pl / 1 l, 2xl0 ⁵ <1 <3 <12 <80 <12-80

Claims (3)

Definition of the Invention A method of sorbent purification of potable water comprising the use and production of natural sorbent from mountain rock shungite, which, during the grinding process, eliminates admixture of sorbent, magnetically separates and seals the sorbent, and uses the sorbent to purify the water and then settle, that pre-perform mechanical shungite rocks with 27 - 32% 10 carbon concentration enrichment. selects shungite containing 33 ± 1% carbon, from which it produces a sorbent using particles smaller than 1 pm.