LT4033B - Method for preparing animal feeding-stuffs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention applies to the dairy industry and agriculture, namely to fodder production for the feeding of cattle. The invention aims to simplify fodder production, reduce wastewater pollution by whey and increase the fodder storage period. The method envisages straw chopping, mixing and drying. What's new in this method is the fact that before the mixing with the straws, whey is condensed and mixed at a 1/1 ratio and then dried out.

Description

The invention relates to the dairy industry and agriculture as it relates to the production of feed for cattle for fattening. There are many ways to use straw for feeding cattle.

In Malta, barley, wheat, oats, with a nutritional content of 462, 242 and 484 cal / kg respectively, are used for feeding beef and dairy cattle. Barley, maize, soya are added to the diet to increase the nutritional value of the straw (Gamilleri G. Ispolzovanie solomy v kaciestve grubovov korma. (Malta), The reference journal Korma I kormlienije s / ch životnych, No. 2,1991, p. 5). .

In the UK, Hantemen species have been ground, dried in a sublimation dryer, treated with a mixture of ammonia and water and then dried again at 90 ° C for 24 hours. Using ammonia at 20 and 40 g / kg, the digestibility of straw organic matter was increased from 397 to 488 g / kg, respectively (Mason VC, Dhanoa MS, Hartley RD) Correlation with barley amiaka I vody pri povyšennoj temperature. (GB). Ref. Journal of Korma I kormlienije s / ch životnych, No. 2,1991).

In Germany, 175 kg bulls began to be fattened with straw, treated and untreated with ammonia. When the bulls reached 400 kg, they were slaughtered and found to have a mean daily weight gain of 622 g in the control group and 745 g in the test group. Similar data were obtained with pigs. No negative influence of feed was observed (Block H., Weissbach F., Schmidt L. Ulučšenije pitatelnoj cienosti solomy putiom obrabotki jejo uramidom. (GDR). Ref. Journal of Korma i kormlienije s / ch životnych, No. 3, 1991, 10 p. .).

Scientists in England have found that the quality of wheat straw can be improved by a mixture of ammonium sulfate and quicklime. After treatment, the straw was stored under film at ambient temperature for 7 weeks (Mason V.C.,

Cook J.E., Keene A.S. Ispolzovanie cmiesi amonijnych solei I banish dlia povyšienija pitatelnoj cienosti solomy zlakovych kultur. (GB). Ref. magazine "Korma i kormlienije s / ch životnych", no. 8,1991, p.3).

In India, an attempt was made to treat wheat straw with a layer of nitrite and then to keep it covered with polyethylene film. The best results were obtained with 1 kg of straw using 80 g of nitrate and 400 cm ^{3 of} water (Deshmukh

S.V., Pathak N.N. Vlijanie različnych sposobov obrabotki pšieničnoj solomy močievinoj na potieri dobavočnovo nitrogen. (India). Ref. magazine "Korma i kormlienije s / ch životnych", no. 9,1991, p. 4).

Sheep in England were fed straw treated with caustic soda with 45 kg of dry substance per tonne of straw. The type of straw did not affect the processing efficiency (Moss AR, Givens DI Vlijanije obrabotki jedkim natrom na chimičieskij sostav, perevarostost i sodieržanije výrobní, jačmienia i ovsa. (GB). Ref. Magazine Korma i chm. No. 9,1991).

Indian scientists have found that wheat straw pre-silage treatment, which lasts 60 days, has improved the nutritional value of the straw after being treated with the mixture. The mixture consisted of 3% nitrate, 10% molasses, 6% whey, 2% mineral additives. After silage, straw was fed to buffaloes (Rangacharyulu PV, Singh N. Vlijanie silosovanija na pitatielnuju cienost pšieničnoj solomy, obogoščionoj močievinoj, molasoj i syvorotkoj v racionie buffalo) (India) Ref. , 1991.11 p.).

The researches of Ugliich scientists find straw silage prepared by the method of “Jarbiokorm-SF”, which is based on the silage of straw with enzymatic preparations. For silage: 25% whey (from straw), 1% NaCl, 0.5% celoviridine, 0.2% pectofoetidine and 0.5% BHUUMC-UMFU yeast. The silage is matured for 30 days and can be stored for 6 months. Preserved straw has an acidic smell and a soft consistency.

The nutritional value of the silage is 0.16 feed unit. Feeding of this silage increased the productivity of cattle and improved milk quality (Silos iz solomy, prigotovlinij under the sprout “Jarbiokorm - SF”. Set of advertising brochures.

Razrabotki NPO "uglič" v XI Piatilietkie. "- Uglič, 1985 and Skobaliev V.I.,

Umansky M.S., Novozhilova G.S. Vlijanije vniesienija pazličnych doz podsyrnoj syvorotki na kittenstvoien pokazatieli silos iz solomy. Collection of Scientific Works of VNIIMSA NPO “Uglič” “Dostžienije v oblasti technologii i techniki pererabotki moločnoj syvorotki”, - Uglič, 1983, p. 72).

Literature data show that the limited use of straw in feed production is linked to their low digestibility, which is why the treatment of straw with chemicals, enzymes, yeast and whey is widely used.

The closest technical point to the planned invention is the method of straw production (A.Anciūnas, J.Jatkauskas, A.Papuolenis. Production and use of straw. - Vilnius, 1983, p. 23). The latter could be a prototype of the invention.

During the harvest, especially at the beginning, the straw is very moist (40-60 ° C)

%). It is very difficult, and usually impossible, to dry such straw under adverse weather conditions. Such straw is perishable - rotting, mold and rendering it unsuitable for both feed and litter. Then it is best to make a straw - straw silage.

On the other hand, straw silage is one way of preparing it for feeding.

Silage straw is much softer, fragrant and is willingly eaten by animals. However, the nutritional value of the straw is not increased and, in addition to nitrogenous extracts and fiber, digestibility is slightly reduced, which is due to the breakdown of sugars and other easily fermentable carbohydrates.

Straw with perennial grass is the most suitable straw.

Straw straw is best used with combine harvesters (ISN3.5 or PUN-5). During grain harvesting, the whole grain is crushed and collected into trailers transported to the straw production site. The straw can also be laid in windrows, from which it is immediately collected with the help of compactors.

Crushed straw is loaded into the trench like a haystack. Dry straw is difficult to compress well, so water should be watered when loading into the trench. When the moisture content of the straw is 35 - 40%, one tonne of water requires 450 - 350 liters of water and 40-55% - 200-100 liters. To minimize nutrient losses, the straw layer in the trench should be at least 3 3.5 m. The nutritional value of one kg of straw is up to 0.2 feed units: it contains 10-16 g of digestible protein. Animals are given twice as much as straw.

Straw can also be made in winter from good quality straw, when silage or hay trenches are emptied. The chopped straw is loaded into the trench and sprayed with a hot molasses solution of 15-20%.

One ton of straw consumes 150-200 kg of this solution or 30 kg of molasses. In addition to better acidity, 10-30 kg of whey is added per tonne of straw. About 2% concentrates and about 1% minerals are added during loading and sampling to make the mixture tastier and fuller. The trench is loaded within 3 days. Pressurized straw is heated all the time for better acidification. The loaded trench is covered with polyethylene film and pressed straw or peat. The straw thus prepared can be fed to the animals after two weeks.

The object of the invention is to simplify the method of production of feed, to reduce the contamination of whey in waste water and to extend the shelf life of feed.

The goal is achieved as follows. The aforementioned method of producing feed for cattle involves milling the straw, mixing it with whey, and according to the present invention, the whey is thickened and mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 before being mixed with the straw.

All distinctive features are closely linked to the goal.

Whey condensation allows more use to increase feed value and prepare feed units in keeping with the prototype in feed units, thus eliminating the prototype operations (watering, molasses solution preparation and spraying, mineral input, steam heating for 3 days, polyethylene wrap and pressed straw and retention two weeks) - which allows for a major streamlining of the production process. In addition, the use of high levels of whey allows us to reduce the contamination of wastewater.

The Lithuanian dairy industry is currently capable of processing only 20% of the total whey. A small amount of whey is fed to livestock, and the majority goes to sewage. By using whey to produce feed, we will reduce environmental pollution.

The addition of drying in the feed production process extends the shelf life of the feed and makes it more convenient for feeding.

Thus, each distinctive feature is essential, indispensable, and together with the 10 essential common features of the prototype, they are sufficient to achieve the goal in all uses of this mode.

In this way the feed is produced as follows.

Example:

Wheat straw, ground in a shredder, is mixed with 15 thickened whey or curd whey containing 40% dry matter. 680 kg of crushed straw requires 680 kg of condensed whey. After mixing, the feed is dried on a calorifer. The yield of dried fodder is 1000 kg.

The change in the dry matter content of condensed whey results in a change in the weight of the broken straw used for the production of feed, as shown in Table 1.

table

Shredded mass of straw, kg Condensed cheese or curd whey Dry feed yield, kg Dry substances,% Mass, kg 736 30th 736 1000 730 31st 730 1000 723 32 723 1000 717 33 717 1000 711 34 711 1000 705 35 705 1000 699 36 699 1000 693 37 693 1000 689 38 689 1000 685 39 685 1000 680 40 680 1000 671 41 671 1000 665 42 665 1000 660 43 660 1000 655 44 655 1000 650 45 650 1000 645 46th 645 1000 640 47 640 1000 634 48 635 1000 630 49 630 1000 625 50 625 1000

The dried fodder is characterized by the characteristics listed in Table 2.

Table 2 Indicators Feed with condensed feed whey Dry matter,% 83 Humidity,% 17th Proteins,% 5 Digestible Protein,% 27th Fat% 1.4 Ash,% 4.2 Lactose,% 5.4

Effectiveness of the Invention:

1. Simplification of the technological process compared to the prototype (test deed);

2. Reduction of whey contamination in waste water.

The method of production of the fodder was created by following the topic no. 12.93.01. At the time of filing the invention, the method of production of feed was tested in the feed technology sector of the 10th Food Institute of Lithuania and on the testing bench of the Institute.

Claims (1)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION A method for producing feed for cattle, which comprises grinding the straw, mixing it with whey 5, characterized in that before mixing with the straw, the whey is thickened and mixed in a ratio of 1: 1, and then the mixture is further dried.