LT4031B - The combustion chamber with turbulent jets characterised by diminution of work hardness, particularly for diesel engines - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention applies to internal combustion engines. The described reduced work solidity combustion chamber with turbulent jets is mainly designed for diesel engines. The combustion chamber consists of a cylinder hub (3), a sliding piston moving in the cylinder hub (4) and a cylinder cover (5) with a hub (10) and an injector (2). The hub (10) with the injector (2), all together form a closing element (11), which while the piston moves to the top anchoring point closing the piston space (8) from the space (7) above piston. Fuel injected and inflamed in the space (8) for a certain moment of time remains relatively isolated from the space (7) above piston.

Description

Reduced hardness combustion chamber with turbulent jets, mainly for diesel engines.

The invention relates to an internal combustion piston engine for combustion chambers having a combustion chamber in the piston, that is to say for direct injection engines.

Various variants of such cameras are known. One is, for example, according to U.S. Patent No. 3,152,523. The chamber consists of a cylinder sleeve, a piston moving sliding in the cylinder sleeve and a cylinder cap. The recess in the plunger into which the fuel is injected. The recess in the cavity outside the cavity is additionally connected by holes.

During the compression stroke, the air from the piston cavity enters the deepening not only directly but also through additional holes through turbulent jets. The intensity of turbulent jets is relatively small, since the recess of the piston with the non-cavity is half open.

Higher turbulent jet intensities have a combustion chamber as described in French Patent No. 2,680,545. The chamber consists of a cylinder sleeve, a piston sliding in the sleeve and a cylinder cover. In one embodiment of the patent specification, the piston bottom has two recesses. One in the center, the other in the periphery. The two recesses are connected by holes. The cylinder cover has a protrusion whose shape and arrangement corresponds to the peripheral extension of the piston. As the piston moves toward the cap, the projection enters the recess. In this way, air is forced out of the closed cavity at high speed into the central depression, creating high-intensity turbulent jets there.

Turbulent jets accelerate fuel evaporation and air blending. The fuel / air mixture burns faster and better.

The aforementioned combustion chambers with good economy rates compared to vortex and pre-chamber engines have the major disadvantage of higher engine hardness performance. But vortex and pre-chambered engines have their disadvantages compared to direct injection engines with worse fuel consumption.

this problem is solved by the distinctive part of item 1

Various technical solutions are used to reduce engine hardness, which also have drawbacks, such as:

(1) Foil-to-air mixture blasting - heavy cold start;

2) Formation of a greased front coat - requires extra precision in the layout of the nozzle and combustion chamber, as well as the proper functioning of the nozzle;

3) The use of one or more spray guns controlled by microprocessor technology is complicated and expensive.

The object of the present invention is to provide a combustion chamber with a hardness operation close to the vortex and pre-chambered engines, a relatively inexpensive fuel consumption ratio close to the engines with direct injection chamber.

The combustion chamber is defined by the fact that the nozzle with the sleeve as a whole forms a closing element which, as the piston moves towards the cylinder head, obstructs the combustion chamber in the piston from the piston cavity. The occlusion takes place with some space A, since B is more C, -f i g. 1.2. The size of the gap A consists of two dimensions. The first spot is required for air or combustion products to circulate through gap A from the combustion chamber in the piston to the piston cavity or back. If there are special holes in the bottom of the piston for this purpose, this spot is absent and the gap A is minimal, in which case air and combustion products circulate mainly through special holes.

The second point is needed in each case to have a gap between the piston and the closure: thermal deformation of the combustion chamber and closure, geometrical accuracy of their manufacture, operational wear of the piston and cylinder sleeve.

The closing moment occurs at a time close to the start of fuel injection.

The reduction offered by the engine compared to the combustion chamber hardness direct injection chamber engine is ensured by the fact that the ignited mixture of fuel and air piston in the combustion chamber remains relatively insulated for a period of time from the non-piston-pushed cavity.

During this time, the gas pressure force on the piston is limited due to the limited gas pressure area. Further, the combustion products from the piston combustion chamber pass through the gap A and, if present, through the holes into the piston cavity. Breakthrough occurs with throttle opening. The throttle opening process consumes part of the thermal energy, which helps the high-temperature combustion products to further heat the breakout areas. But during the compression stroke, relatively cold air heats itself into the piston combustion chamber through the heating and cooling process. This improves fuel and air mixture formation and ignition.

In the proposed combustion chamber, the loss of thermal energy from pre-chamber engines is lower because:

- the proposed combustion chamber has no additional chamber and less heat loss to the walls;

- the throttle opening process is shorter and the amount of throttle gas is reduced.

these -factors mean that the proposed combustion chambers are superior to the fixtures and s * compared to the fixtures and fuel consumption index for the pre-chamber s engines.

The invention is further described with reference to one embodiment of the drawing, in which:

Fig. - is a sectional view of the axis of the combustion chamber at the moment of closure;

-fig.- same cut, only piston at upper point of downfall;

Fig. - a combustion chamber variant with a two-stage piston 4 and a cylinder cover 5 of a corresponding shape;

Fig. - A variant of the combustion chamber of a positive ignition engine, for example with a spark plug 1 and a nozzle 2.

The combustion chamber comprises a cylinder sleeve 3, a piston 4 movably movable within the cylinder sleeve and a cylinder cover 5.

There is a hole 6 in the bottom of the piston symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the axis of the piston. The hole 6 connects the anti-piston cavity 7 with the piston cavity 9 from which fuel is injected. This means that the cavity 8 functions as a combustion chamber in the piston. The shape of the combustion chamber of the piston must be adapted to the type of sprayer used, the angle of the spray of the fuel, the method of mixing

The piston cavity 7 with the cavity 8 may additionally be perpendicular to the piston bottom and perpendicular to the piston bottom.

The cylinder cover 5 has a bushing 10 with a nozzle 2. The assembly comprises a closure member 11. Dimension A more B. That is, there is always an air gap between the closure member 11 and the piston 4. Its size estimates the operation and can be connected? help. The holes 9 should be arranged for wear on the piston and cylinder sleeve, the thermal deformation of the chamber 8 and the closure element 11, and the geometrical accuracy of their manufacture, and the presence of the holes 9. Cylinder cap can be arranged

Let's consider a four-stroke with a proposed combustion chamber.

during the suction stroke, the piston 4 moves from the upper to the lower center of gravity. When the suction valves open, the air begins to fill the cylinder. If the intake manifold is provided with an air recirculation, which creates a rotating flow above the piston as it moves towards the lower center of gravity, it is recommended that holes 9 in the bottom of the plunger be directed towards the outflow to better fill the piston cavity 8 with fresh air. Better air filling of the cavity 8 is also assisted by the suction effect of the closing member 11.

The compression stroke proceeds - the piston moves from the lower to the upper point of suction, suction and ejection. The compressed air freely fills the element into the piston;

12th

operating features of metering valves cavity 8. When the cavities 7 are closed and 8 closed. Further, air from cavity 7 to cavity 8 may pass through gap A, holes 9.

At the moment of closure, injector 2 injects fuel 8 into the cavity. The relatively cold air entering through the hotter piston bottom into the cavity 8 heats up considerably and the piston bottom is thus cooled. pushed at high speed into the cavity 8 high temperature fuel produces good high temperature air forming turbulent jets. As compression increases, cavity 8 raises even more. injected conditions to evaporate, mix with air and ignite. Cavity 8 begins the combustion process with a rapid increase in pressure. The free propagation of pressure is hindered by the relative isolation of the cavity 8. The combustion products in the cavity 7 must pass through the gap A, the holes 9. During the rupture, part of the thermal energy is consumed for the throttling process. The piston cavity 8 and the piston bottom are heavily bitten.

When the piston reaches the upper center of gravity, it moves towards the lower center of gravity, the intake and exhaust stroke. While the piston is closed. Begins with a blocked shut-off member 11, and the gas pressure in the valves cavity 8 is greater than in cavity 7, the gas continues to burst with throttling. This reduces the hardness performance of the engine.

When the piston reaches the lower center of gravity, it begins to move towards the upper center of gravity. The exhaust stroke begins. The exhaust valves are open, a feature of this stroke being that the closing element 11, when entering the piston cavity 8, helps to displace the remaining combustion products.

It should be noted that the position of the piston in the upper and lower center of gravity coincides with the described valve position is theoretical. These positions may not match in real engines.

Claims (7)

Definition of the Invention 1.Differentity combustion chamber with turbulent jets, comprising mainly a cylinder sleeve 3 for diesel engines, a reciprocating piston 4 in the cylinder sleeve, having at least one cavity S arranged symmetrically in relation to the axis of symmetry, the cylinder cover 5 being fitted with a nozzle 2, the smallest one bushing 10 differing in that bushing 2 comprises a closure member for the piston towards the cylinder head, the piston cavity with a gap 10 11, fuel 8 from A. A combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the at least one closing member 11 and the piston cavity 8 respectively are disposed asymmetrically with respect to the piston symmetry axis. Combustion chamber by 1-2, characterized in that the piston cavity in cavity 8 is connected by at least one hole 4. Combustion cap 5 5. Combustion sleeve 10 and chamber according to 1-3 9th with piston stroke points, wherein piston 4 and respectively have at least two steps. A chamber according to claims 1-4, the movable closing element 11 being comprised of 1 for forced ignition, the means being, for example, spark plugs. 6. A combustion chamber according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the closing element 11 and the means for burning the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber. a method of operating a chamber having a fuel bushing example 10 7. The combustion consists of a preheating injection, characterized in that the injection of fuel begins before the damper closure element 11 in the piston cavity 8. 8. A method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the fuel injection starts under the piston cavity 8 of the piston sealing element 11.