KR960004410B1 - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Tunnel excavation method

1 is a process chart showing a tunnel excavation method according to a third embodiment.

2 is a process diagram showing a tunnel excavation method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a sectional view of a tunnel according to the present invention.

4 is the front of the drill mount.

5 is a plan view of the left and right loading boxes of the drill stand.

6 is a side view showing operation at the top.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the operation in front of the third magnifying portion following the operation shown in FIG. 6. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing the operation in front of the third magnifying portion following the operation shown in FIG. 7. FIG.

9 is a side view showing operation at the top of the drill stand in which the drill boom is vertically movable.

10 is a side view showing the operation in front of the third enlarged portion of the drill mount in which the drill boom is vertically movable.

11 is a bird's eye view showing the work of the upper, the third enlargement, and the lower enlargement.

12 is a front view showing an arrangement of drill mounts in which the drill boom is vertically movable.

Figure 13 is a side view showing the arrangement of the drill stand movable the drill boom vertically.

14 is a side view showing the excavation treatment.

FIG. 15 is a bird's eye view showing the treatment of an excavation.

Figure 16 is a bird's eye view showing the injection operation.

17 is a side view showing an injection operation.

18 is a side view showing the injection operation of the injection vehicle in which the injection machine is vertically movable.

19 is a front view showing the injection operation of the injection vehicle in which the injection machine is vertically movable.

20 is a bird's eye view of simultaneously performing the injection operation and the operation in the lower magnification with only two drill stand.

21 is a process diagram showing an excavation method according to a modified second embodiment of the present invention.

22 is a bird's eye view showing the drilling situation as three drill stands.

23 is a bird's eye view showing an arrangement of three drill mounts.

24 is a bird's eye view showing the treatment of an excavation.

25 is a bird's eye view of the injection.

FIG. 26 is a bird's eye view showing an excavation situation where an intermediate wall is provided.

FIG. 27 is a front view of FIG. 26. FIG.

28 is a side view of FIG. 26;

FIG. 29 is a side view showing the excavation treatment where the intermediate wall is provided.

30 is a bird's eye view of FIG.

Fig. 31 is a bird's eye view showing the injection operation where the intermediate wall is provided.

32 is a front view of FIG. 31;

33 is a side view of FIG. 31;

34 is a bird's eye view showing boring and bolt insertion using the silot method according to the present invention.

35 is a front view of FIG. 34;

36 is a side view of FIG. 34;

37 is a side view showing the treatment of the excavated by the silot method.

38 is a bird's eye view of FIG.

Fig. 39 is a side view showing the injection operation by the silot method.

40 is a front view of FIG. 39;

41 is a side view of FIG. 40;

42A to 42D are side views showing the working steps of a conventional tunnel excavation method.

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method used in the NATM method.

Today, NATM stands out for tunnel digging and maintenance of the tunnel itself. NATM methods include the following methods.

(1) Shear excavation method; This method can excavate tunnels by shearing excavation at one time only if the natural ground is firm.

(2) long bench digging; This method can be used when the natural ground is relatively solid and the bench length is usually over 50m. And not to close the invert (too early), and this method also has two excavation methods, the first method is the internal top and bottom excavation at the same time, the second method is the top and bottom excavation method.

(3) short bench excavation method; This method is used when the length of the bench is usually 15m to 30m and is performed by blasting and mechanical treatment.

(4) minibench excavation method; This method is the method used when the natural ground is not strong or the natural ground is likely to be raised, so that the invert closure can be performed quickly, but this method is not frequently used.

(5) multi-stage bench excavation method; This method can be used when the cross section of the tunnel is relatively large and the exterior wall of the tunnel cannot maintain itself by normal bench excavation.

(6) a silot method; This method is used when the tunnel surface is relatively large and the forces of natural ground do not sufficiently endure the tunneling. This law is also used to prevent settlement of natural ground when excavating tunnels in urban areas.

Next, a conventional technique will be described in terms of tunnel excavation work. The conventional method using a rock drill in the bench excavation method, in particular, the bench excavation method for treating the upper layer rather than the inner lower layer will be described with reference to FIG.

In the conventional method, two drill stands D and D are required. Each drill stand D has two drill booms and one loading box. The drill stand D, D is positioned on the upper side U with both sides facing the tunnel axis.

First, mark the blast hole and rock bolt ball as a loading box. Next, as shown in (a), one rock bolt is drilled by the drill boom of each drill stand D. At the same time, drill one blast hole in the upper part with another drill boom. Then, as shown in (b), the rock bolt is inserted above and below the upper portion as a loading box, while the drill stands D and D are retracted by a predetermined distance.

Next, as shown in (c), the upper part is blasted and loaded with gunpowder to form a new exterior wall. Next, as shown in (d), the two drill stand D and D Backward to L, the operation described in (a), (b) and (c) is performed from below. Then, the above operation is repeated several times. Mortar injection is mortar injection with a mortar injection apparatus. Air conduit W is installed in the tunnel and mortar injection vehicle A is used to fix the rock bolts.

Problems in the prior art as described above are as follows.

(1) front section excavation

This method cannot be used unless the ground is firm.

(2) long bench excavation

As described above, this excavation is performed in two ways.

The first method is to excavate the upper and lower parts at the same time, and to progress the work simultaneously on both sides without time intervals. Since it is such a method, it can be reliable about air. However, the lower work requires a lot of equipment and workers. Further, in the ranking of the work, the upper work is prioritized, so that the lower work becomes difficult to be promoted efficiently, and therefore, the cost of the excavation method is high. In addition, due to simultaneous work on both the upper and lower sides, the heavy machinery and vehicles are easily in contact with each other, the worker falls off the slope, or the excavations fall off the vehicle, hitting the worker, etc., and the working environment is worse. For example, when the blasting from the lower part of the air conduit is broken and the ventilation is incomplete, and the blasting, excavation treatment, concrete injection, etc. for the upper part is performed many times, it generates a lot of dust. The above description shows that there are many problems with this excavation method.

On the other hand, when excavating the upper and lower parts alternately, a new exterior wall is always formed on the upper or lower portion. Therefore, the excavation method has advantages in work stability and working environment. In addition, the upper and lower sides can be performed efficiently by the same equipment and the same worker. However, when the natural ground is not solid, the work is not smooth, and the reliability of the air is lowered. In addition, the alternating excavation method takes a long time to remove and re-install the ventilation tube or the electric wire.

(3) short bench excavation

As a blasting treatment, this method should prevent damage to equipment due to blasting operations. Therefore, the inclined surface must be formed so that the machine can travel between the upper and lower portions along the inclined surface. On the other hand, when this method is performed by mechanical processing, it is very difficult to close the inverter in a short time.

(4) mini-bench excavation

In this method, the simultaneous drilling of the upper and lower parts is practically impossible, which reduces the work efficiency.

(5) multi-stage bench excavation

This method is to install a multi-level bench. As a result, the closing operation may be delayed, which may cause deformation of the tunnel, and may interfere with each other.

(6) Sairot law

In general, this method does not allow the operation of the upper and lower parts and the invert closure at the same time. Therefore, this method requires a long period of air and a large construction cost.

Next, in the conventional work using a rock drill, two drill stands are used, which increases the cost of machinery and increases the number of workers. In addition, the drill stand may be in contact with each other on both sides.

On the other hand, in recent years, many tunnels have a huge cross section, and in this case, several drill stands must be used efficiently, which is difficult to use several drill stands.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient tunnel excavation method, particularly in tunnels with large cross sections.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavation method for reducing the cost of machinery and work.

Another object of the present invention to provide an excavation method that can maximize the work efficiency of tunnel excavation.

In the first embodiment of the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, one drill stand provided with at least two drill booms having at least two loading boxes and a rock drill is used. The first embodiment of the tunnel excavation method repeats the subsequent steps of (a) to (d) as follows.

(a) Place the drill stand in the center of the tunnel and in front of a short bench under the enclosure wall. (A1) Two loading boxes move upwards to mark the blast and rock bolt holes at the top.

(A2) At least two drill booms operate to drill blast and rock bolt holes on the top. And (b) retract the drill stand by a predetermined distance, (B2) move the two loading boxes and insert the rock bolts into the upper chestnut bolts, while at least two drill booms have a blast hole and rock bed under the bench. Work on drilling bolts.

(B2) Two loading boxes are to insert rock bolts into the bottom bolt holes and load gunpowder into the upper and lower blast holes.

(c) By blasting the upper and lower parts, the facing wall collapses and a new facing wall is formed on the upper and lower parts. And (d) post-processing including concrete injection is performed.

In the second embodiment of the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, at least two drill mounts are used. Each drill stand has two drill booms with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill. In the second embodiment of the tunnel excavation method, the following steps ([a] to [d]] are repeated.

(a) Position the drill stand in front of the short bench under the center of the tunnel and the outer wall, and the drill stand is to be fronted.

(A1) Two electrostatic boxes move upwards to mark blast and rock bolt holes.

(A2) At least two drill booms drill blasting holes and rock blasting holes in the upper part (B) Retreat two drill stands by a predetermined distance, and each drill stand is to be worked in front.

(B1) Move the two loading boxes and insert the rock bolts into the upper chestnut bolts. On the other hand, at least two drill booms drill the blast and rock bolts under the bench.

(B2) Insert two loading boxes into the lower chestnut bolts and load gunpowder into the blasting holes on both upper and lower sides.

(c) Blasting the upper and lower parts, the facing wall of the upper and lower parts (facing) is broken and a new outer wall is formed, each drill stand is to work in the front.

(d) After treatment including concrete injection, the treatment is carried out.

According to the third embodiment of the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, at least two drill mounts are used. Each drill stand has at least two drill booms with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill. A third embodiment of this tunnel excavation involves the parallel repetition of successive steps of [(a) to (d) and (E) to (G)].

(a) Position the two drill stands in the center of the tunnel and in front of the short bench at the base. (A1) Move the two loading boxes to mark the blast and rock bolt balls on the top.

(A2) At least two drill booms are used to drill blast holes and rock blast holes on top.

(b) Retract the two drill stands by the specified distance.

(B1) Two loading boxes are moved to insert the rock bolts into the upper rock bolt holes, while the two drill booms drill the blast holes in the third enlargement rather than in the lower portion.

(B2) Two loading boxes load gunpowder into the blast hole at the top and the third enlargement.

(c) The top wall and the third enlarged portion are blasted to collapse the exterior wall and form a new exterior wall.

(d) After treatment including concrete injection.

(E) On the other hand, when two loading boxes are loaded with gunpowder in the blasting air of the upper part and the third enlargement [(B2)] place one machine in front of the lower extension part with another drill stand or minimum loading box and drill boom. The blast and rock bolts are drilled in the lower and wider side walls, and the gun is loaded with rock powder and the rock bolt is inserted into the rock bolt holes.

(F) When the outer wall collapses and a new outer wall is formed by blasting the upper part and the third enlarged part [(d)], move the other drill stand and the machine from the lower part and blast the lower part.

(G) Perform post-treatment including concrete injection.

In the fourth embodiment of the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, at least two drill mounts are used. Each drill stand has at least two drill booms with at least a loading box and a rock drill. The fourth embodiment by the tunnel excavation method includes a parallel repetition of two consecutive stages of [(a) to (d) and (E)] as follows.

(a) Position the two drill stands in the center of the tunnel and in front of the short bench at the base of the exterior wall. (A1) Move the two loading boxes to the top to mark the blast and rock bolt holes.

(A2) At least two drill booms are used to drill blast holes and rock blast holes on top.

(b) The two drill mounts are retracted by a predetermined distance.

(B1) Two loading boxes are moved to insert rock bolts into the upper rock bolt holes, while the two drill booms drill blast holes in the third enlargement rather than the lower part of the expansion.

(B2) Operate the two loading boxes to load the gunpowder into the blast holes in the upper part and the third enlargement.

(c) The top wall and the third enlarged portion are blasted to collapse the exterior wall and form a new exterior wall.

(d) After treatment including concrete injection.

(E) The blasting of the upper and third enlargers causes the outer wall to collapse and a new outer wall to be formed [(c)], so that when a concrete injection [(d)] is initiated at the upper and third enlargements, Place a machine with at least one loading box and a drill boom in front of the lower magnification so that the blast hole is drilled in the lower magnification, the rock bolt is drilled in the side wall of the lower magnification and the rock bolt is inserted into the rock bolt cavity. Load the gunpowder in the blasting hole, move the other drill stand or machine from the lower part of the blasting, blast and then process it, including the injection of concrete.

In the fifth embodiment of the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, at least two drill mounts are used. Each drill stand is equipped with at least two drill booms with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill. The fifth embodiment of the tunnel excavation involves a parallel repetition of two successive stages [(a) to (d) and (E)].

(a) Position two drill reciprocating bands in front of a short bench under the outer wall of the tunnel center.

(A1) Move the two loading boxes to the top so that the blast and rock bolts are marked on the top.

(A2) At least two drill booms are used to drill blast holes and rock blast holes on top.

(b) Retract the two drill stand by a certain distance, and (B1) move the two loading boxes to insert the rock bolts into the upper rock bolt cavity, while the two drill booms are the third enlargement rather than the lower expansion part. Drill a blast hole on the (B2) Two loading boxes load gunpowder into the blasting air of the upper part and the third enlargement part.

(c) The top wall and the third enlarged portion are blasted to collapse the exterior wall and form a new exterior wall. And (d) post treatment including concrete injection.

(E) When the outer wall collapses due to the blasting of the upper part and the third enlargement, and a new outer wall is formed in the upper and third enlargement [(c)], when the concrete injection begins in the upper and third enlargement [ (d)], with two drill mounts in front of the lower magnification, drill a blast hole in the lower magnification, drill a rock bolt in the side wall of the lower magnification, insert a rock bolt in the rock bolt hole, and apply gunpowder in the blast hole. And drill the two drill stand from the lower magnification part to blast the lower magnification part and process after including concrete injection.

Bench excavation is used on non-solid natural ground. In particular, the short excavation method of the present invention can be suitably used. The length of the bench is generally 2m to 7m, more commonly 3-4m. Therefore, when the drill stand is located in front of the bench (or the third enlargement part), the loading box and the drill boom may touch the upper part. Thus, in the present invention, since each drill stand is provided with at least two loading boxes and two drill booms, the work can be performed simultaneously in the upper and lower portions or the upper and third enlargement portions. Thus, high work efficiency is secured. In addition, in the present invention, since blasting is performed simultaneously, air can be shortened.

On the other hand, when the cross section is large, according to the above and the second to fifth embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of drill mounts are positioned in front of the exterior wall in an arrangement substantially parallel to the tunnel axis. As described above, the conventional long bench excavation method has a variety of problems, but in the embodiment of the present invention, due to the arrangement of the drill stand, it is possible to perform efficient tunnel excavation without encountering such problems. Furthermore, in each embodiment of the present invention, the drill rack is provided with at least two, preferably three drill booms, having at least two loading boxes and a rock drill. Therefore, it is true that the price of one drill stand according to the present invention is somewhat higher than the price of a conventional drill stand. However, the machine cost of the drill stand of the present invention required to accomplish the same workload is significantly lower than that of the conventional drill stand, and the number of workers required for the drill stand of the present invention is about 50% of the number of workers required for the conventional drill stand. to be. In particular, two drill boxes are provided in each drill stand, thereby enabling simultaneous work in a large area. The drill stand also has two or, preferably, three drill booms. Therefore, while drilling a rock bolt with one drill boom, the blasting holes on both sides of the drill stand can be drilled with another drill boom, more preferably with two drill booms. Therefore, the workability can be exhibited even by the construction of the drill stand.

In the present invention, the drill stand retreats at the time of blasting. However, when the blasting is not carried out, each drill stand stays in the upper phase. This can prevent accidents with other heavy equipment or other vehicles. In addition, blasting may occur simultaneously in the upper and third enlargement portions, or in the upper and third enlargement portions and the lower enlargement portion. The time for exposure to dust is shortened and ventilation is made more smoothly. In other words, a good working environment in the tunnel is guaranteed. On the other hand, in the prior art, since each drill stand must move between two places in the tunnel, this causes damage to equipment in the tunnel such as an air cylinder, an electric wire, and an iron pipe. In addition, as each drill stand moves, the equipment in the tunnel should be removed and re-established. As a result of such a lot of waste and loss, the present invention does not bring the waste and loss as described above because each drill stand stays at almost one place in the tunnel.

On the other hand, in the present invention, when the tunnel has a large cross section of 100 m 2 or more, particularly 140 m 2 or more, tunnel excavation is performed as follows.

The interior of the tunnel is divided into three working zones: the upper, third and lower sections. The upper and third enlargers then operate with two drill reciprocations arranged in parallel and the lower enlargement acts as a machine with another drill reciprocator or at least a drill boom and a loading box. However, in the prior art, the interior of a tunnel with a large cross section is divided only into upper and lower parts.

Comparing the method according to the present invention with the method according to the prior art, it can be seen that the method according to the present invention can operate more efficiently even where the natural ground is not firm. Because, after the excavation treatment of the third enlargement portion, the lower enlargement portion still remains, so that stable excavation can be performed. Moreover, since the work of the lower magnification is followed by the work of the upper and third magnifications, mutual interference in the work can be avoided, thus ensuring a high work efficiency.

The objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent as the following description, and the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the description used in the Example is demonstrated. 4 and 5 show a drill stand according to the present invention. In FIG. 4 only two drill booms can be seen, but in FIG. 11 and 12 a drill stand with three drill booms can be seen. One drill boom is in the middle and two drill booms are located on the left and right.

In the drill stand D, the three drill booms, 3, 3 and 3 described above are mounted on the front part of the motorcycle 4. Each guide cell 2 is supported by each drill boom 3. Each rock drill 1 is mounted to each guide cell 2. Slide tracks 5L and 5R are attached to the left and right of the motorcycle 4. Then, two loading boxes are placed on the slide tracks 5L and 5R, respectively, and slide in the extending direction. The loading boxes 6L and 6R include slide irons 7L and 7R, gunpowder loading booms 8L and 8R, and box parts 9L and 9R, respectively. Slide rail 7L and 7R slide on the slide track, 5L and 5R, respectively. The bottom ends of the loading booms 8L and 8R are pivoted on the slide rails 7L and 7R, respectively, to raise and rotate. The box portions 9L and 9R are condensed at the other ends of the loading portions 8L and 8R, respectively. The loading booms 8L and 8R are rotated by the rotating cylinders 10L and 10R, respectively. On the other hand, the loading booms 8L and 8R are instructed by the direction cylinders 11L and 11R, respectively.

The position limit switches LS _FL , LS _FR , LS _RL and LS _RR are located on the fourth position of the motorcycle to search for the positions of the loading boxes 6L and 6R. When the loading boxes 6L and 6R are moved forward to position their positions, the position limit switches LS _FL and LS _FR can search for them. On the other hand, when the loading boxes 6L and 6R are retracted to take the built-in position, the position limit switches LS _RL and LS _RR can search for them. The angle limit switches LS _{SL and} LS _SR are mounted on slide steel 7L and 7R to retrieve the rotation limit angles of each loading boom 8L and 8R.

In the tunnel excavation method having the above configuration, the drilling stand is located near the outer wall. Drilling operation is performed by a rock drill mounted on a guide cell supported by a drill boom. At this time, the two loading boxes are retracted and placed in the built-in positions, respectively. After the drilling operation, the loading box is advanced to position the work to load the gun powder. The position limit switch can detect whether two loading boxes are in working or built-in position. In this position, the loading booms 8L and 8R begin to rotate inward to approach each other. The angle limit switch can then retrieve their angle. The electromagnetic directional valve is mounted on the hydraulic circuit of the rotating cylinder. These valves are controlled by signals from position and angle limit switches so that the loading boom rotates at a predetermined limit angle. That is, the loading booms can be prevented from interfering with each other by controlling their rotation angle.

When operating as a single loading box, this loading box is in the operating position. On the other hand, other loading boxes should be placed in the built-in position. The position limit switch can search for their position. In this case, even if the loading boom rotates inward at a predetermined limiting angle in the operating position, the electromagnetic directional control valve does not control, so that a given front rotation is made in the rotating cylinder. In this case, the other loading box is in the built-in position, so there is no problem.

The first embodiment uses a single drill stand with at least two drill booms with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill.

(a) First, as shown in FIG. 6, the drill stand D is placed in front of a short bench Y located in the center of the tunnel and under the outer wall.

(A1) At least two drill booms operate to drill blast holes and rock bolt holes on the top.

(A2) Then, load boxes 9L and 9R retreat temporarily. Then, at least two, preferably three drill booms 3, 3 and 3 are operated to drill blast and rock bolt holes on the top. In this case, one drill boom drills rock bolts and the other drill boom drills blast holes. Therefore, the drill boom is operated at the same time to give a high efficiency to the excavation work.

(b) Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the drill stand D moves backwards by a predetermined distance, for example, 3-4 m. In this situation, (B1) two loading boxes 9L and 9R operate to insert the rock bolts into the upper rock bolt holes. At the same time, at least two, preferably three drill booms 3, 3 and 3 operate to drill blast and rock bolt holes on the bottom of bench Y and below.

(B2) Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the two loading boxes 9L and 9R operate to insert rock bolts into the lower rock bolt holes, and at the same time, load gunpowder into the upper and lower blast holes.

(c) Then, the upper and lower parts are simultaneously blasted, causing the upper and lower outer walls to collapse, forming a new outer wall. Excavation treatment is performed after blasting, which will be described in another embodiment.

(d) Finally, post-treatment such as concrete injection is performed.

In this way, (d) is repeated in the work step (a).

In the second embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is that one drill stand D is used in the first embodiment, but in the second embodiment, two drill mounts D and D are placed in parallel with the tunnel axis. will be. Although not shown in this embodiment, the work using two drill mounts in the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment using one drill mount, except that the drill mounts D and D are arranged in parallel, respectively. This is because it works differently from the front.

In the embodiment including the third embodiment described later, the tunnel mainly has a large cross section. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the cross section of each tunnel is divided into an upper X, a third enlarged portion Y, and a lower enlarged portion 2, 2.

FIG. 1 is a process chart showing the working sequence of the third embodiment of excavating a tunnel using three drill mounts.

As shown in Figs. 6 to 11, at least two and preferably three drill stands were used in this embodiment (see Fig. 11). Each drill stand is equipped with at least two, preferably three drill booms, with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill.

(a) First, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 (only one drill stand is shown in these figures), two drill stands are 3-4m long benches located in the center of the tunnel and under the outer wall. (3rd magnification Y).

(A1) Then the two loading boxes 9L and 9R move upwards and mark the blast and rock bolt holes on the top X. At the same time, lifter holes and quasi-drilled holes are formed in the upper X.

(A2) Then, loading boxes 9L and 9R retreat temporarily. Then, at least two, preferably three drill booms, 3, 3, 3 are operated to drill blast holes and rock bolt holes on top. At this time, the rock bolt is drilled by one drill boom, and the blast hole is drilled by two other drill holes. Therefore, the drill boom is operated at the same time to give a high efficiency to the excavation.

(b) Next, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, the drill stands D and D move a predetermined distance, for example, 3-4 m rearward. In this situation,

(B1) The two loading boxes 9L and 9R are moved to insert rock bolts into the rock bolt holes in the upper part X. At the same time, a suitable number of drill booms 3, 3, 3, for example, drills blast holes in the third enlargement portion Y, not the lower enlargement portions Z, Z. However, in step (A2), the rock bolt may be inserted into the rock bolt hole at the rear and center of the upper part X. In other words, the loading box moves and inserts rock bolts immediately after drilling and before the drill stand D retracts. Fix the rock frame using mortar injection vehicle A (see Fig. 7).

(B2) Then, two loading boxes 9L and 9R load gunpowder into the blast hole of the third enlargement portion Y of the upper part X.

(c) Then, as shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the outer wall is broken by blasting the upper X and the third enlarged portion Y, and a new outer wall is formed in the upper and third enlarged portions. After blasting, the excavation treatment is performed. Numbers 40 and 41 indicate wheel rollers and dump trucks, respectively.

(d) As shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the primary and secondary concrete injection operations are performed as the injection vehicles 31 and 31. Number 42 indicates a truck carrying concrete for injection. After the injection, the work steps (a) to (d) are repeatedly performed by two drill stands D and D in order.

(E) On the other hand, in the work step B2, the following work is performed.

As shown in FIG. 11, another drill stand D 'is placed in front of the lower enlargement part Z. As shown in FIG. Then, a blasting hole is drilled through the lower enlarged portion Z, and a rock bolt hole is drilled into the lower side enlarged portion Z side wall. Then, the rock bolt is inserted into the rock bolt and the gunpowder is loaded into the blast hole. When this continuous work is terminated in the lower enlargement portion Z, the other drill stand D moves to another lower enlargement portion Z to perform the continuous operation as described above.

(F) When the blasting step (c) is completed, the other drill stand D moves from the lower enlargement part Z and blasting of the lower enlargement part Z is performed.

(G) Then, the concrete is injected into the lower enlargement part Z.

After injection, in operation step E, (G) is carried out in sequence by another drill stand D '.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the excavation process of the upper part X, the 3rd enlargement part Y lower expansion part Z, Z is performed simultaneously.

Then, the first concrete injection work of the upper X is carried out. Next, the first concrete injection work of the lower enlarged parts Z and Z is performed, and the support of the upper X is formed. Then, the secondary concrete injection work of the upper X is carried out, at which time the support is built on the lower walls Z, Z both sides.

Then, secondary concrete injection work is carried out to the lower enlargement parts Z and Z.

On the other hand, when the secondary concrete injection work is finished in the upper part X, the two drill stand D, D is advanced and positioned in front of the exterior wall of the third enlargement portion Y, and repeats the above operation for the next exterior wall.

One injection vehicle with one injection arm is used for the crete injection to the shear surface. However, as shown in FIG. 17, the preferred embodiment uses an injection vehicle 31 having two injection arms 30L and 30R. More preferably, when the tunnel has a large cross section, two injection vehicles 31 and 31 are used, as shown in Figs. 16, 18 and 19. Each injection vehicle 31 is provided with injection arms 30L and 30R with a vertically movable head 32 attached thereto. Simultaneous injection into the left and right parts of the tunnel by these vehicles results in a high rate of work.

In this tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment, the work of the lower enlarged portions Z and Z is performed as another drill stand D '. However, this can also be done by another machine with at least one drill boom and one loading box.

The fourth embodiment describes a tunnel excavation method with only two drill stands. The operations in (a) and (b) and the blasting operations in (c) for the upper portion X and the third enlargement portion Y are the same as those in the third embodiment. Then, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 20 after the excavation treatment, the injection vehicles 31 and 31 are positioned in front of the new third enlargement portion Y to inject concrete into the upper portion X and the new third enlargement portion Y. During the injection of the concrete, the drill racks D and D move forward and are located in front of the lower enlargers Z and Z, and drill blast holes in the lower enlargers Z and Z, and the rock bolt holes on the side walls of the lower enlargers Z and Z. Then, load gunpowder into the blasting hole and insert the rock bolt into the rock bolt.

Then, the drill stand D, D withdraws from the lower enlargement portions Z, Z, blasts the lower enlargement portions Z, Z and performs the excavation treatment.

After the injection of the concrete to the upper portion X and the third enlargement portion Y, the injection vehicles 31 and 31 are moved and positioned at the lower enlargement portions Z and Z, and the concrete injection is performed on the side walls of the lower enlargement portions Z and Z. And build a support (column structure) there. When the concrete injection is finished, the above operation is repeated for the next exterior wall.

In the tunnel excavation according to the process diagram of FIG. 2, the work of the lower magnification portions Z and Z can be performed by another machine instead of another drill stand D '. The machine is equipped with at least one drill boom and one loading box.

If the cross section of the tunnel is huge, needless to say, the working area of the upper part X and the third magnifying part Y is also large. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, three drill booms 3, 3, and 3 with rock drills are mounted on each drill stand so that they can be moved vertically. It is hopeful In this case, more drill racks, loading boxes and drill booms may be used if necessary.

A modified second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 21-25.

In this embodiment, three drill mounts D, D, and D are used. Each drill stand is equipped with at least two drill booms with at least two loading boxes and a rock drill.

(a) First, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, three drill racks D, D, and D are positioned with heat dissipation in front of a short bench under the outer wall.

(A1) The loading box moves upward and marks the blast hole and rock bolt ball on the upper part.

(A2) Then, at least two drill booms drill blast holes and rock blast holes at the top.

(b) Next, three drill mounts D, D, and D move backward by a predetermined distance. In this situation,

(B1) The loading box is moved to insert the rock bolt on the upper part, and at the same time, the drill boom is operated to drill the blast hole and rock bolt ball on the lower part under the bench.

(B2) The loading box is operated to insert the rock bolt into the lower rock bolt hole, while the upper and lower blast holes are loaded with gunpowder.

(c) Then, the blasting collapses the upper and lower outer walls, and a new outer wall is formed.

(d) Then, as shown in FIG. 24, the excavation treatment is performed, and finally, post-treatment such as concrete injection is alternately performed at the upper and lower portions.

In this way, work step (a) to (d) are repeated.

On the other hand, the work of (a) to (c) step is carried out under the condition that the drill stand is working toward the first half.

If the cross section of the tunnel is larger and the natural ground is not strong, another embodiment as shown in FIGS. 26 to 33 is used. In this embodiment, the work of the above-described embodiment is performed by forming an intermediate wall.

Referring to FIG. 26 to FIG. 28, the blast hole and the rock bolt hole are drilled, and the rock bolt is inserted into the rock bolt hole.

Excavation treatment is shown in FIG. 29 and FIG. 30, and injection is shown in FIG. 31 to FIG.

The punching position by the sirot method is shown in FIG. 34 to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 34 to FIG. 36, the rock bolt is inserted into the rock bolt ball through the blast hole and the rock bolt ball. Excavation treatment is shown in FIG. 37 and FIG. Injection is shown in FIGS. 39 to 41. In this case, as clearly shown in FIG. 34, the work on the outer part of the wall W1 or W2 is faster than the work on the part between the walls W1 and W2.

Although the embodiments have been described so far, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Claims (5)

(A) A drill stand with at least two loaders and at least two drill booms with rock drills is placed in front of a short bench in the center of the tunnel and under the outer wall, and (A1) The loading box moves upwards to mark the blast and rock bolts on the upper portion, (A2) the at least two drill booms to drill the blast and rock blasting holes in the upper portion, and (B) The drill stand is retracted by a predetermined distance, (B1) the two loading boxes are moved, and the rock bolt is inserted into the upper rock bolt speed, while the at least two drill booms are operated so that the Drill a blasting hole and a rock bolt in the lower part under one bench, and (B2) the two loading boxes are operated to insert a rock bolt into the rock bolt hole in the lower part and the above blasting in the upper part. Load gunpowder into the ball and the blasting hole of the lower part, (C) blasting the upper part and the lower part so that the outer wall collapses and a new outer wall is formed in the upper part and the lower part, and (D) A tunnel excavation method comprising a repetition of successive steps of (A) to (D) in which a post-treatment involving concrete injection is performed. (A) Place at least two drill stands with at least two loaders and at least two drill booms with rock drills in the center of the tunnel and in front of the short bench at the outer wall and the drill stand described above. (A1) the two loading boxes are moved upwards to mark the blasting and rock bolt balls on the upper portion, and (A2) the at least two drill booms are actuated to Drilling the blasting hole and the rock blasting hole in the upper part, (B) the drill stand is moved backward by a predetermined distance, under this condition, the drill stand is operated toward the front part, (B1) the two loading The box is moved to insert the rock bolt into the rock bolt hole, while the at least two drill booms are operated to operate the blast hole at the bottom under the bench. Drilling a rock bolt hole, and (B2) the two loading boxes are operated to insert rock bolts into the rock bolt bolts of the lower part and to load the gunpowder into the above blasting balls of the lower part of the upper part. And (C) blasting the upper part and the lower part, the outer wall collapses and a new outer wall is formed in the upper part and the lower part, and under such conditions, the drill stand operates toward the front part. And (D) repeating the subsequent steps of (D) to (D) performing post-treatment including concrete injection. (A) Place at least two drill stand with at least two loaders and at least two drill booms with rock drills in front of a short bench in the middle of the tunnel and under the outer wall, (A1) The loading box moves upward to mark the blast hole and rock bolt ball in the upper part, and (A2) the at least two drill booms operate to drill the blast hole and the rock blast hole in the upper part, (B) the two drill mounts are retracted by a predetermined distance, (B1) the two loading boxes are moved, and the rock bolts are inserted into the rock bolts above the upper portion, and the two drill booms are Is operated in the third enlargement portion except the lower enlargement portion to drill blast holes in the third enlargement portion, and (B2) the two loading boxes are operated so that the upper portion and the upper portion of the third enlargement portion are operated. Load gunpowder into the explosive blast hole, (C) blast the upper portion and the third enlarged portion to collapse the outer wall and form a new outer wall at the upper portion and the third enlarged portion, and ( D) Post-treatment including concrete injection is carried out, and (E) Meanwhile, when the two loading boxes are operated to load the gunpowder into the above blasting hole of the upper part and the above blasting hole of the third enlargement part [( B2)], with a drill stand or a machine equipped with at least one loading box and one drill boom in front of the lower magnification, drill a blast hole in the lower magnification, and rock bolt on the side wall of the lower magnification. Drilling the ball, inserting the rock bolt into the rock bolt bolt and loading the blast hole with gunpowder, (F) blasting the upper part and the third enlarged part, the outer wall is broken and the upper part and the third part Above mentioned [(C)] when the exterior wall is formed, the drill mount or the machine is withdrawn from the lower enlargement portion, the lower enlargement portion is blasted, and (G) a post treatment including concrete injection is performed. (A) to (D) and (E) to (G)] tunnel excavation method comprising a parallel repetition of the continuous stage of the two groups. (A) Place at least two drill stand with at least two loaders and at least two drill booms with rock drills in front of a short bench in the middle of the tunnel and under the outer wall, (A1) The loading box moves upward to mark the blast hole and rock bolt ball in the upper part, and (A2) the at least two drill booms are operated to drill the blast hole and rock bolt ball in the upper part. (B) the two drill mounts are reversed by a predetermined distance, (B1) the two loading boxes are moved, and the rock bolts are inserted into the rock bolts above the upper portion, while the above-mentioned two Drill booms operate in the third enlargement rather than the lower enlargement to drill blast holes in the third enlargement, and (B2) the two loading boxes operate to operate the upper and the third enlargement of the Load gunpowder into the blast hole, (C) blast the upper portion and the third enlarged portion to collapse the outer wall, and form a new outer wall on the upper portion and the third enlarged portion, and (D ) Perform post treatment including concrete injection. (E) blasting the upper part and the third enlarged part to collapse the outer wall and forming the new outer wall of the upper part and the third enlarged part [(C)]. At the start of the concrete injection into the third enlargement, in [(d)], the drill stand or machine having at least one loading box and one drill boom is placed in front of the lower enlargement, and the blast holes are provided in the lower enlargement. Drill hole, the rock bolt hole is drilled in the side wall of the lower enlarger, the rock bolt is inserted into the bolt hole, the gunpowder is loaded in the blast hole, and the drill mount or the A tunnel excavation method comprising a parallel repetition of two successive stages of [(A) to (D) and (E)] which isolates the machine from the lower enlargement and performs post-processing including concrete injection. (A) Place at least two drill stand with at least two loaders and at least two drill booms with rock drills in front of a short bench in the middle of the tunnel and under the outer wall, (A1) The loading box moves upward to mark the blast hole and rock bolt ball in the upper part, and (A2) the at least two drill booms are operated to drill the blast hole and rock bolt ball in the upper part. (B) the two drill mounts are reversed by a predetermined distance, (B1) the two loading boxes are moved, and the rock bolts are inserted into the upper rock bolts, and the two The drill boom operates in the third enlargement portion rather than the lower enlargement portion to drill blast holes in the third enlargement portion, and (B2) the two loading boxes operate to operate the above blasting portion in the upper portion and the third enlargement portion. Load the gunpowder, (C) blast the upper portion and the third enlargement to collapse the outer wall, form a new outer wall on the upper portion and the third enlargement, and (D) the concrete injection Post-processing is performed. (E) blasting the upper part and the third enlargement part so that the outer wall collapses and the new outer wall is formed in the upper part and the third enlargement part [(C)], and then the upper part and the third enlargement part. When the concrete injection into the part starts [(D)], put the two drill mounts in front of the lower magnification part, drill the blast hole in the lower magnification part, and drill the rock bolt hole in the side wall of the lower magnification part. Inserting rock bolts into the said bolt bolt, loading gunpowder into said blasting hole, and moving said two drill mounts from said lower enlargement part to blast said lower enlargement part and post-treatment including concrete injection. A tunnel excavation method comprising a parallel repetition of successive stages of two groups of [(A) to (D) and (E)].