KR940004310B1 - Liquid crystal display devices - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display devices Download PDF

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KR940004310B1
KR940004310B1 KR1019910014739A KR910014739A KR940004310B1 KR 940004310 B1 KR940004310 B1 KR 940004310B1 KR 1019910014739 A KR1019910014739 A KR 1019910014739A KR 910014739 A KR910014739 A KR 910014739A KR 940004310 B1 KR940004310 B1 KR 940004310B1
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liquid crystal
crystal display
polyvinyl
diol
alignment
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KR930004793A (en
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조수연
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삼성전관 주식회사
김정배
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

The liquid crystal display includes a transmissive substrate, a filter, a protective film, a transparent electroconductive film, an oriented film, and a liquid crystal material. The display is manufactured by bonding upper and lower transparent electroconductive films on the inner sides of the substrates, bonding an up and down oriented films on the transparent electroconductive films, and impregnating a liquid crystal material between the oriented films. The oriented film comprises a polyvinyl 1,2-diol or a copolymer of polyvinyl 1,2-diol and PVA, and an organic solvent of alcohol, chloroform or ester.

Description

액정표시소자LCD

제1도는 액정표시소자의 구조를 나타내는 도면이다.1 is a diagram showing the structure of a liquid crystal display element.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 액정물질 2 : 배향막1: liquid crystal material 2: alignment film

3 : 투명도전막 4 : 기판3: transparent conductive film 4: substrate

5 : 보호막 6 : 광흡수층5: protective film 6: light absorption layer

7 : R, G, B 필터7: R, G, B filter

본 발명은 액정표시소자에 관한 것으로서, 상세하게는 액정물질을 규제하는 배향막에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to an alignment film for regulating a liquid crystal material.

통상적으로 액정표시소자(LCD)는, 일정한 온도범위에서 액체로서 유동성을 가지고 있는 동시에 광학적 비등방성을 갖는 액정물질에 전계 또는 열을 가하면 액정의 분자 배향이 변화된다는 전기광학적 효과를 이용한 표시소자로서, 저전압에서 동작하고 소비전력이 적으며, 표시패턴의 크기도 자유로이 설계할 수 있어서 널리 그 유용성이 인정되고 있다.In general, a liquid crystal display (LCD) is a display device using an electro-optical effect that changes the molecular orientation of a liquid crystal when an electric field or heat is applied to a liquid crystal material having liquidity and optical anisotropy as a liquid in a predetermined temperature range. It operates at low voltage, consumes little power, and can freely design the size of the display pattern. Therefore, its usefulness is widely recognized.

제1도에는, 이와 같은 액정표시소자의 구조를 보여주는 단면도가 나타나 있는바, 이는 대향 배치된 투과성 상,하 기판(4)과, 기판의 한쪽면 상부에 형성되어 칼라신호를 재현해주는 역할을 하는 적색(R), 녹색(G), 청색(B), 필터(7) 및 이의 보호를 위한 보호막(5)과, 기판 및 칼라필터의 상부, 대향면에 피착 형성된 투명도전막(3)과,액정의 배향을 제어하기 위한 배향막(2) 및 상부판과 하부판의 공간에 주입된 액정물질(1) 등으로 구성되어 있다.1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of such a liquid crystal display device, which is formed on the opposing transmissive upper and lower substrates 4 and one side of the substrate to reproduce color signals. Red (R), green (G), blue (B), filter (7) and a protective film (5) for protection thereof, a transparent conductive film (3) formed on the upper and opposite surfaces of the substrate and the color filter, and a liquid crystal And an alignment film 2 for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal and a liquid crystal material 1 injected into the space between the upper and lower plates.

상기 구성원중 배향막은 액정물질과 접하는 면으로서는 폴리비니알콜수지, 폴리이미드수지, 폴리아미드-이미드수지, 폴리에스테르수지, 폴리비닐알콜수지, 폴리비닐아세탈수지, 폴리비닐클로라이드수지, 폴리비닐아세테이트수지,폴리아미드수지, 감광성 폴리이미드 페놀노볼락 타임 포토제지스트등의 화합물로 이루어진 피막인데, 그 피복면을 직물로서 한쪽 방향으로 마찰처리(Rubbing treatment)하여 복수개의 미세한 흠을 형성시켜 이루어진 것이다.Among the members, the alignment layer is a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide-imide resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyvinyl acetal resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinylacetate resin as a surface in contact with a liquid crystal material. A film made of a compound such as a polyamide resin and a photosensitive polyimide phenol novolak thyme photoresist. The coating surface is a woven fabric, which is rubbed in one direction to form a plurality of fine flaws.

이 경우에 마찰면에 인접함 액정분자의 주요축은 이 한쪽 방향, 즉 마찰방향과 평형을 이루게 된다. 2개의 마찰면은 일정한 간격으로 대향배치되는데, 이대 두 배향면은 마찰방향이 일정각도로 교차되게 형성된다. 그후 2매의 기판은 시일제로 접착하고 그 간극에 액정물질을 봉입함으로써 액정층을 형성하는 것이다.In this case, the principal axis of the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the friction surface is in equilibrium with this one direction, that is, the friction direction. The two friction surfaces are arranged at regular intervals, and the two friction surfaces are formed so that the friction direction intersects at an angle. Thereafter, the two substrates are bonded together with a sealing agent to form a liquid crystal layer by sealing a liquid crystal material in the gap.

이때 종래 액정표시소자의 배향제로 사용되는 상기 고분자 물질들은 표면장력이 액정에 비하여 작기 때문에 액정물질을 봉입(Filling)함에 있어서, 구석진 부분까지 완전히 채우지 못하는 등의 불량발생의 한 요인이 되고 있으며, 또한 배향의 입사각 조절이 실질적으로 매우 어렵다는 단점이 있다.In this case, the polymer materials used as the alignment agent of the conventional liquid crystal display devices have a smaller surface tension than liquid crystals, and thus, the filling of the liquid crystal materials becomes a cause of defects such as failure to completely fill the corners. The disadvantage is that the angle of incidence adjustment of the orientation is substantially very difficult.

본 발명의 목적은 상기한 문제점을 감안하여 배향막의 표면 장력을 증가시키고 배향의 입사각 조절이 용이하도록 하여, 양품률을 높이고 콘트라스트를 향상시킨 액정표시소자를 제공하는 것이다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which increases the surface tension of the alignment layer and facilitates the adjustment of the angle of incidence of the alignment, thereby increasing the yield and improving the contrast.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에서는 상,하부 기판에 대향아는 내면에 상,하 투명도전막을 부착하고, 상기 상,하 투명도전막의 대향면상에 액정의 배향을 일정하게 유지시켜 주는 상,하 배향막을 부착한 후 그 사이에 액정을 주입하여 이루어진 액정표시소자에 있어서, 상기 배향막을 구성하는 배향제가 폴리비닐 1.2-디올 중합체 또는 폴리비닐 1.2 -딜올과 폴리비닐알콜의 공중합체를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시소자를 제공한다. 특히 상기 배향막의 두께는 300 내지 2000Å인 것이 바람직하다.In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the upper and lower substrates have upper and lower transparent conductive films attached to inner surfaces thereof, and upper and lower alignment films which maintain a constant alignment of liquid crystals on opposite surfaces of the upper and lower transparent conductive films. In the liquid crystal display device formed by injecting a liquid crystal therebetween after attaching the adhesive, the alignment agent constituting the alignment layer comprises a polyvinyl 1.2-diol polymer or a copolymer of polyvinyl 1.2-diol and polyvinyl alcohol. A liquid crystal display device is provided. It is preferable that especially the thickness of the said oriented film is 300-2000 kPa.

상기 폴리비닐 1.2-디올은 각 탄소마다에 알콜기를 포함하는 구조를 갖는 중합체인데 이 알콜기는 극성이 매우 큰 작용기이다. 다수의 알콜기 존재로 인해 분자간 그리고 분자내 수소 결합수가 증가하게 되고, 이로인해 분자의 자체 응집력이 높아져서 표면장력이 증가하게 되는 것으로 생각된다.The polyvinyl 1.2-diol is a polymer having a structure containing an alcohol group for each carbon, which alcohol group is a very polar functional group. Due to the presence of a large number of alcohol groups, the number of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds is increased, which may increase the self-cohesion of the molecules, thereby increasing the surface tension.

이하 폴리비닐1.2-디올 및 폴리비닐 1.2-디올과 폴리비닐알콜의 공중합체를 제조하는 방법을 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a method of preparing a copolymer of polyvinyl 1.2-diol and polyvinyl 1.2-diol and polyvinyl alcohol will be described.

(1) 폴리비닐 1.2-디올의 제조(1) Preparation of Polyvinyl 1.2-diol

먼저 광반응에 에틸렌 카보네이트(Ⅰ)를 브롬화시켜 브로모 에틸렌 카보네이트(Ⅱ)를 제조한다. 얻어진 브로모 에틸렌 카보네이트를 트리에틸아민을 사용하여 디아하이드로 브로미네이션 반을을 시켜 비닐 카보네이트(Ⅲ)를 얻는다. 비닐 카보네이트는 AIBN(Azobisisobutyronitrile)을 개시제로 한 라디칼 중합반응에 의해 폴리비닐 카보네이트(Ⅳ)가 된다. 얻어진 폴리비닐 카보네이트를 10% K2CO3수용액으로 처리하면 폴리비닐 1.2-디올(Ⅴ)이 얻어진다. 아래에 그 제조공정이 각 단계별로 나타나 있다.First, bromo ethylene carbonate (II) is prepared by bromination of ethylene carbonate (I) in a photoreaction. The obtained bromo ethylene carbonate is subjected to diahydrobromination half using triethylamine to obtain vinyl carbonate (III). Vinyl carbonate becomes polyvinyl carbonate (IV) by the radical polymerization reaction which used AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) as an initiator. Treatment of the obtained polyvinyl carbonate with an aqueous 10% K 2 CO 3 solution yields polyvinyl 1.2-diol (V). The manufacturing process is shown below in each step.

(2) 폴리비닐 1.2 -디올과 PVA의 공중합체의 제조(2) Preparation of Copolymer of Polyvinyl 1.2-diol and PVA

상기 공정에서 제조한 비닐 카보네이트(Ⅲ)와 비닐 아세테이트(Ⅵ)를 1 : 2 내지 2 : 1의 비율로 혼합한 후 AIBN을 개시제로 하여 중합반응을 수행한다. 얻어진 중합체(Ⅶ)를 10% K2CO3수용액으로 처리하여 폴리비닐 1.2-디올과 PVA의 공중합체(Ⅷ)를 얻는다. 아래에 그 제조공정이 나타나 있다.The vinyl carbonate (III) and vinyl acetate (VI) prepared in the above process are mixed at a ratio of 1: 2 to 2: 1, and then polymerization is performed using AIBN as an initiator. The polymer obtained is treated with a 10% aqueous K 2 CO 3 solution to obtain a copolymer of polyvinyl 1.2-diol and PVA. The manufacturing process is shown below.

(3) 액정표시소자의 제조(3) Manufacture of liquid crystal display device

상기 공정에 따라 제조된 폴리비닐 1.2-디올(ⅴ) 또는 폴리비닐 1.2-디올과 폴리비닐알콜의 공중합체(Ⅷ)를 알콜, 클로로포름 또는 에스테르 등의 유기 용매에 용해시킨다.The polyvinyl 1.2-diol or copolymer of polyvinyl 1.2-diol and polyvinyl alcohol prepared according to the above process is dissolved in an organic solvent such as alcohol, chloroform or ester.

이 용액을 상,하 기판에 대향하는 내면에 부착된 상,하 투명도 전막의 상부에 침지법, 스핀코팅법, 스프레이법 또는 인쇄법 등의 방법에 따라 코팅시킨다. 이때 코팅막이 너무 얇으면, 액정표시소자의 동작시에 액정중의 미량의 불순물, 특히 이온성 불순물과 도전막이 전기화학반응을 일으켜서 바람직하지 못하다. 따라서 코팅막, 즉 배향막의 두께는 300 내지 200Å으로 하는 것이 바람직하다.The solution is coated on top of the upper and lower transparent films deposited on the inner surfaces of the upper and lower substrates by dipping, spin coating, spraying or printing. At this time, if the coating film is too thin, it is not preferable because a small amount of impurities in the liquid crystal, particularly ionic impurities and the conductive film, during the operation of the liquid crystal display device cause an electrochemical reaction. Therefore, the coating film, that is, the thickness of the alignment film is preferably set to 300 to 200 kPa.

코팅공정이 완료되면 오븐에서 약 200℃의 온도로 소성한다. 그 후 액정분자의 규제를 위해 윗쪽 도전막, 아래쪽 도전막을 각각의 각도로 러빙하고 막간에 스페이서를 끼운 후 액정셀을 조립한다. 형성된 공간상에 액정물질을 진공 봉입하여 본 발명의 액정표시소자를 제조한다.When the coating process is completed, the oven is baked at a temperature of about 200 ℃. After that, the upper conductive film and the lower conductive film are rubbed at respective angles to control the liquid crystal molecules, and spacers are inserted between the interlayers, and then the liquid crystal cell is assembled. The liquid crystal material is vacuum-sealed in the formed space to manufacture the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

이상의 방법에 따라 액정표시소자를 제조한 결과, 액정물질의 봉입시 양품률이 향상되었고 배향 입사각의 조절로 말미암아 영상의 콘트라스트도 향상되었다.As a result of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the above method, the yield was improved when the liquid crystal material was encapsulated, and the contrast of the image was also improved by adjusting the orientation incidence angle.

결론적으로, 본 발명은 액정표시소자의 배향막 조성물에 폴리비닐 1.2-디올을 첨가시킴으로써 생산성과 제품 특성을 향상시킨 것으로 그 산업상 이용가치가 큰 것으로 생각된다.In conclusion, the present invention improves productivity and product characteristics by adding polyvinyl 1.2-diol to the alignment layer composition of the liquid crystal display device.

Claims (2)

상,하부 기판에 대향하는 내면에 상,하 투명도전막을 부착하고, 상기 상,하 투명도 전막의 대향면 상에 액정이 배향을 일정하게 유지시켜주는 상,하 배향막을 부착한후 그 사이에 액정을 주입하여 이루어진 액정표시소자에 있어서, 상기 배향막을 구성하는 배향제가 폴리비닐 1.2-디올 중합체 또는 폴리비닐 1.2-디올과 폴리비닐알콜의 공중합체(CO-Polymer)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시소자.The upper and lower transparent conductive films are attached to the inner surface facing the upper and lower substrates, and the upper and lower alignment films are attached to the opposite surfaces of the upper and lower transparent films to maintain the alignment. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal display device comprising a polyvinyl 1.2-diol polymer or a copolymer of polyvinyl 1.2-diol and polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the alignment agent constituting the alignment layer is a liquid crystal display. device. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 배향막의 두께가 300 내지 2000Å인 것을 특징으로 하는 액정표시소자.The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment film has a thickness of 300 to 2000 kPa.
KR1019910014739A 1991-08-24 1991-08-24 Liquid crystal display devices KR940004310B1 (en)

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