KR940004132B1 - Display device and its process - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Display device and manufacturing process

1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional object showing the location of graphical details.

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a two-dimensional photographic image of the three-dimensional object of FIG. 1 taken in three different perspective views.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a multistage quadratic image back-projected onto a topographically accurate mold of the original three-dimensional object shown in FIG.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views and plan views of photographing a multi-stage perspective view of a three-dimensional object according to a preferred embodiment.

5A and 5B are cross-sectional and plan views showing a device for projecting a multi-stage perspective view of a three-dimensional object onto a work surface to produce a topographical mold according to a preferred embodiment.

6a and 6b show two steps of thermoforming a plastic sheet on a topographical mold.

7A and 7B are cross-sectional and plan views of an apparatus for projecting a perspective view of an object onto a thermoformed plastic grid according to a preferred embodiment.

8 is a distorted two-dimensional plan view formed by plotting an undistorted three-dimensional perspective point by one perspective point on an undistorted grit pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for applying a photodeveloper onto a thermoformable plastic sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for thinning a coating onto a thermoformable plastic sheet to which a photodeveloper is applied according to another embodiment.

Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for viewing a perspective view of an object onto a thermoformed plastic sheet to which a shaping agent is applied according to another embodiment.

12A and 12B are cross-sectional views of an apparatus for thermally expanding a plastic sheet over a flat surface.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: 3D object 9, 11, 13: Lens

15, 17, 19: Photographic Award 21: Mold

23, 25, 27: seeing

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a manufacturing process of a display apparatus having a three-dimensional shape in order to give an excellent visual effect.

Advertising displays and posters repeatedly reproduce the product (s) supplied for sale in a two-dimensional form. Such advertisement displays and posters are suitable for purchase displays, advertisement billboards, store displays or home displays.

In order to manufacture a three-dimensional display apparatus with a bath removed, conventionally, thermoforming techniques have been used to some extent in connection with photographing imaging techniques. However, the results did not make a strong impression because of the distortions associated with converting a two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional object or vice versa.

There are three main types of distortion that occur when a two-dimensional image coming from a single (first) shooting point is thermoformed during three-dimensional shooting. Only one of these three types of distortions has been partially addressed by currently available techniques. The stretch and flow effects of deciding the color boundaries when plastic is thermoformed on a photographing mold are known in the art and have been partially fixed for many years. However, it has been found that this fixing method is not precise enough to manufacture a complex three-dimensional display device. In addition, the other two types of distortion are equally important for the method of converting a two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional object, in particular, a method of converting a two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional thermoformed object using a non-pure graphical image.

The second important type of distortion is known as parallax or shadowing, because the line of sight from the first shooting point is disturbed by various parts of the object. Occurs when parts of a three-dimensional object cannot be recorded on a dimensional photograph. After vacuum forming the two-dimensional phase on the three-dimensional mold, those parts of the final phase are expanded with a thermoformable plastic sheet to fill in information from adjacent areas, resulting in severe distortion.

A third important type of distortion, known as foreshortening, occurs when portions of a three-dimensional object at an acute angle with respect to the first imaging pointer are photographed so as to be visually distorted over the two-dimensional film. When vacuum-forming the resulting image on a topographrc mold, the visible distortion of the information, even considering the expansion and flow distortions occurring in those areas, is not large enough to fill the better topographical portion.

The above problems are typically solved by one of two methods. The images of uniaxial and parallax distortions were minimized by reducing the amount of removal of the three-dimensional mold so that the sharpest vertical removals with the greatest distortion were substantially reduced. The expansion effects in the contours and positions of simple embossed color boundaries have been resolved by plotting the color boundaries and other details on the blank sheets that have been thermoformed on topographical molds. . The blank sheet is then thermally expanded and the resulting distorted contours and positions are plotted into an overlay grid.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for extending and improving the conventional basic technology to correct distortion by projecting a multi-stage photographic projection surface of an original three-dimensional object onto a topographically accurate surface. This allows the finally vacuumed phase to have in its exact position a completely removed object with all the initial information without any distortion.

In general, the present invention provides a method of photographing an object from multiple perspectives, using a perspective view of the object to create a precise mold of the object, forming a distorted image on a flat sheet of thermoplastic, and the contour of the object. Thermoforming the mold sheet on the mold with the provided mold portions to form a contoured image that rises from the site of the screenprinted image corresponding to the object.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, the position of the graphic details formed by the distorted faces 3, 5 when the cross section of the three-dimensional object 1 is viewed from above. The parts 5, 7 of the object 1 cause two-dimensional parallax and uniaxial distortion, taken at a diagonal point, as described with reference to the background of the invention.

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a two-dimensional photographic image of the three-dimensional object 1 taken from the three-dimensional perspective by the lenses 9, 11, 13. Each photographic image is represented by 15, 17 and 19. Arrow 21 shows the optical path through the lenses 9-13. The photographic images 15, 17, 19 each show parallax and uniaxial distortion at different positions and at different angles according to the respective perspective views of the object 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the multi-stage two-dimensional image 15, 17, 19 being back-projected onto the precise topographical mold 21 of the three-dimensional object 1 (FIG. 1). To this end, projections 23, 25, 27 for projecting the images 15, 17, 19 through the lenses 9, 11, 13 and reforming the three-dimensional image on the topographical surface 21 are provided. Is provided.

All graphic details 3, 5, 7 are back-projected to their exact positions without distortion. The present invention will be described in more detail with respect to its preferred embodiments. 4A and 4B, multiple perspective views of the three-dimensional object 41 on the horizontal surface 40 are via the first perspective camera 42 shown in FIG. 4A and the field of view of the first camera 42. A picture is taken via a second camera 43-46 positioned at 45 ° to the line and positioned at the position of four compasses relative to the first camera 42. The camera 42 is not shown in FIG. 4B for the above-mentioned case.

The fitting symbol on the field of view described in FIGS. 4A and 4B indicates that the cameras 42-46 are at a fixed distance of a predetermined angle with respect to the three-dimensional object 41. In the preferred embodiment to be described, angles of 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° are shown. In practice, however, the number, distance and angle of the camera may be determined by the size and three-dimensional complexity of the object. Once determined, the exact camera and object positions are fixed and recorded.

Thus, as described above in connection with FIG. 2, the multiple cameras 42-46 take a picture of the object 41 to provide a two-dimensional multiple perspective view of the object.

Then, in the above-described two-dimensional multiple perspective view of the object, the object 41 to be removed is projected onto the work surface 40 as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. In this regard, the first and second projectors 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 use a predetermined predetermined angle and distance from the drawing derived from the matching optics and the cameras 42-46 of FIG. 4b. It is composed.

At that time, the support mold 56 (contoured by dotted lines) of the three-dimensional object is raised and cast on the work surface to accurately match the projection. The mold 56 may be cast by hand from the mold (eg, gypsum) of the object 41.

All of the optics, distances and angles of the projectors 51-55 are precisely matched to the shape of the camera used to take pictures of the multiple perspective views in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

Once the support template 56 has been adapted to the degree of projection, the image in the photograph includes a perspective background with a greater depth than that achieved by the thermal strain limit, and the support template 56 flattens the relief in the background. It may be modified to include the bath relief projected by the projector 52 for the area with the first projection viewpoint from the projector 51 as the main reference and the loss information caused by the mechanical block with respect to the first viewpoint. A second projector (ie 45 °) from -55).

Thereafter, the heat-deformable plastic sheet is heat-deformed on the mold as shown in connection with FIGS. 6A and 6B. In other words, the plastic sheet 61 which is heat-deformable is formed on the support mold 56 by a deformer, usually denoted by 62. The heat deflection system 62 includes a heater 63 that is all constructed in accordance with known conventional techniques, and a hydraulically actuated mold lift surface 64 for supporting the support mold.

Although not shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the deformable plastic sheet 61 is printed in a rectangular array of grid types or symbols (FIG. 7B), the printing of which is known as stretching and It is distorted because of the flow.

Then, the perspective view of the original object is projected onto the thermally deformed grid plate 61 using the same optical arrangement as described above with respect to FIGS. 5A and 5B, as indicated in FIGS. 7A and 7B. . This produces a non-distorted three dimensional image with superimposed distortion grid types, as indicated by reference numeral 71 in FIG. The grid type distortion is caused by the vertical displacement of the grid type from the horizontal plane during the thermal deformation (as described above) and during the stretching and thermal deformation of the plastic.

The image 71 is then moved to a regular (ie non-distorted) two-dimensional grid surface 80 (one with respect to the distortion grid type on the plate 61). This creates a pre-distorted image 81 superimposed on a regular grid type 80.

Anomalous movement is accomplished by several means. Once approached, the numbered coordinates may be detailed at each point on the projected three-dimensional surface 71 and then carefully drawn or drawn onto the two-dimensional reference grid 80. Using this plot, the pre-distorted phase is printed onto a heat deformable plastic sheet and then thermally deformed onto the support mold 56 using the apparatus described in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The final result is the same three-dimensional image (ie, display) as the object (Figs. 4a and 4b).

As a second approach, a video syringe (not shown) may be connected to the cameras 42-46 (FIGS. 4A and 4B) to digitalize the multiplicity of the object 41 after the injection. The multiplicity of the thermally deformed grid 61 is then photographed, with the same angles and distances and matched optics used to produce the original multiple photographic view of the camera as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. Digitized using shape. Then, from the same apparatus, photography of the non-distorted grid 80 may be scanned and digitized.

Using the simultaneous perspective and coordinate approach, the computer then generates a motion vector at each point on the distortion grid 61 and superimposes on the registration point on the non-distorted grid 80 scanned from the same perspective. The computer then generates a motion vector to modify each of the original scanning perspectives of the object on the pixel by pixel reference to the new position on the scanned regular array 80. Each of these modified images is exactly the same except for the area where information is lost due to the obstruction of the angle of view. This multiplicity is then combined to fill in the blank area or loss information.

The resulting line-distorted and computerized two-dimensional image is then printed into a heat deformable plastic sheet and thermally deformed onto the circular support mold 56 as shown in the apparatus of FIGS. 6A and 6B.

According to a first optional embodiment of the invention, multiple perspective views of the object 41 are photographed using matching optics from a predetermined angle and distance as described above with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B. In the preferred embodiment described above, the numbers and positions of the cameras 42-46 are determined by the complexity of the three-dimensional object 41. The multi-perspective view is then projected back onto the working surface 40 using the source angle and distance as described in relation to the matching optics and FIGS. 5A and 5B, and the support template 56 of the three-dimensional object is described above. As is cast, to match the degree of projection.

However, according to an optional embodiment, the heating resistance photoemulsion is then made of an optically apparent heat-deformable material as shown in FIG. In particular, the plastic plate 91 is covered with the liquid photoemulsion coating material 92 used by the thin plate roller 93.

The heat deformable material 91 may then be covered with a coating that can be opaquely peeled off, such as reflective Milar ^tm , by the apparatus shown in relation to FIG. 10. In particular, the plastic plate 91 is covered with the Milar ^tm plate 101 by an additional thin plate roller 102.

The plate 91 is then thermally deformed onto the support mold 56 using the apparatus of FIGS. 6A and 6B. Subsequently, the opaque layer 101 is stripped of the plate 91 in a dark room and the emulsion-coated thermoformed plastic plate provides an original perspective view of an object with the arrangement of FIGS. 5a and 5b or 7a and 7b. Are exposed to use.

Optionally, the step of using the opaque coating 101 may be omitted, and exposing the emulsion after thermally deforming the plate over the support mold may all be performed in a dark room.

The photo-emulsion emulsion 92 is either positive or negative. If a negative emulsion is used, the resulting negative is a thermally deformed plane using the apparatus shown in Figures 12a and 12b. The apparatus of FIGS. 12A and 12B is similar to the apparatus of FIGS. 6A and 6B except that the added flat surface 120 is used.

Negative 91 is then developed so that the resulting image is used to create a linearly deformed image on a thermal plastic plate added by screen printing, lithography or conventional photography. The image is then thermally deformed onto the support mold 56 to produce the same three-dimensional image as the original object 41.

If the photoemulsion is positive, it is developed directly above the thermal deformation and exposure of the plate, without flattening with heat to produce the final three-dimensional photographic prints.

Modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims (16)

A manufacturing process of a three-dimensional display apparatus, comprising: a) photographing a three-dimensional object at various angles by using a plurality of cameras rotating at respective predetermined positions; b) and projecting several aspects of the object onto a flat working surface using a plurality of cameras rotating at each predetermined position relative to the object, thereby making the object three-dimensional; c) raising a three-dimensional topographical mold on the working surface to exactly match the three-dimensional image; d) thermoforming a first moldable plastic first plate having a first grid pattern on the surface, the thermoforming of the grid pattern relative to the mold in the step of thermoforming the mold; Distortion due to; e) using a plurality of projectors rotated at each of the predetermined positions to project the various angles of the object onto the first plate of the thermoformable plastic, and then over the distorted grid pattern 3 Allowing the images of the dimension to overlap; f) converting the three-dimensional image of the distorted grid pattern into a second two-dimensional deformed grid pattern so as to preliminarily distort; g) moving the predistorted phase into the one or more thermoformed plastics in the two-dimensional non-distorted grid pattern; h) continuously thermoforming said additional plates on said mold to make said three-dimensional display device. The method of claim 1, wherein said transmitting and transferring step comprises: a) passing coordinates recorded in said distorted grid pattern onto said projected three-dimensional image; b) configuring each coordinate recorded at the corresponding position in the second grid pattern to produce the predistorted image; c) printing said predistorted image onto said one or more additional thermoformed plastic plates. The method of claim 1, further comprising: a) scanning and digitizing various aspects of the object into a computer; b) scanning and digitizing, with said predetermined location, additional aspects of said distorted first grid pattern into a computer; c) scanning and digitizing another aspect of said undistorted second grid pattern with said predetermined location; d) a plurality of images on the projected three-dimensional image on the distorted first digitalized grid pattern, at a corresponding position on the second digitalized grid pattern, in order to continue the plurality of aspects. Generating a motion vector; e) applying the motion vector to a plurality of digitized features of the object in order to deform the image from the distorted first grid pattern to the non-distorted second grid pattern; Creating an image; f) printing said predistorted phase into said one or more additional thermoformed plastic plates. A manufacturing process of a three-dimensional display apparatus, comprising the steps of: a) photographing a three-dimensional object at various angles using a plurality of cameras rotating at respective predetermined positions; b) projecting a plurality of images of the object onto a planar working surface by using a plurality of projectors rotating at the respective predetermined positions on the object, thereby creating a three-dimensional image on the object; c) placing a three-dimensional topographical mold on the working surface to accurately fit the three-dimensional image; d) applying a heat resistant positive photoresist emulsion to a translucent plate of thermoformed plastic; f) using a plurality of projectors rotating at each of the predetermined positions, projecting various aspects of the object to a positive photosensitive emulsion coating plate of thermoforming plastic, and the three-dimensional photosensitive emulsion described above Exposing with an image; g) developing the photosensitive emulsion to make the three-dimensional display device. A manufacturing process of a three-dimensional display device, comprising: a) photographing various aspects of a three-dimensional object by using a plurality of cameras rotating at respective predetermined positions; b) generating a three-dimensional image of the object by projecting a plurality of shapes of the object onto a flat working surface using a plurality of projectors rotating at each of the predetermined positions; c) placing a three-dimensional topographical mold on the work surface to match the three-dimensional image; d) applying a heat resistant negative photon (engraved) photosensitive emulsion to the translucent plate of the thermoformed plastic; e) thermoforming the plate on the mold; f) projecting a plurality of aspects of the object onto a photosensitive emulsion coating plate of thermoformed plastic, using a plurality of projectors rotating at each of the predetermined positions; g) developing the photographic photofluidic blade to make the negative image on the plate; h) flattening said negative phase and said plate to make said phase a predistorted negative phase; i) printing said negative predistorted phase onto one or more additional thermoformed plastic plates; j) thermoforming the one or more additional plates on the mold to make the display device. A thermoformed plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a pre-distorted two-dimensional image applied to the topographic surface representing the object, wherein the two-dimensional image is a photographic representation of the multi-stage perspective views of the three-dimensional object. The multi-stage perspective views are projected onto a three-dimensional topographical mold, and the two-dimensional image is converted into a two-dimensional diagram and predistorted by pre-distorting the two-dimensional image as it is projected on the mold. A display apparatus manufactured by the process according to claim 1, which is predistorted to solve the expansion and flow effects of the plastic plate in the process, and the parallax distortion and shortening phenomenon. A thermoformed plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a pre-distorted two-dimensional image applied to the topographic surface representing the object, wherein the two-dimensional image is a photographic representation of the multi-stage perspective views of the three-dimensional object. The multi-stage perspective views are projected onto a three-dimensional topographical mold, and the two-dimensional image is converted into a two-dimensional diagram and predistorted by pre-distorting the two-dimensional image as it is projected on the mold. A display apparatus manufactured by the process according to claim 2, which is pre-distorted to solve the expansion and flow effects of the plastic plate in the process, and the parallax distortion and uniaxial phenomenon. A thermoformed plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a pre-distorted two-dimensional image applied to the topographic surface representing the object, wherein the two-dimensional image is a photographic representation of the multi-stage perspective views of the three-dimensional object. The multi-stage perspective views are projected onto a three-dimensional topographical mold, and the two-dimensional image is converted into a two-dimensional diagram and predistorted by pre-distorting the two-dimensional image as it is projected on the mold. A display apparatus manufactured by the process according to claim 3, which is predistorted to solve the expansion and flow effects of the plastic plate in the process, and the parallax distortion and shortening phenomenon. A thermoformed plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a pre-distorted two-dimensional image applied to the topographic surface representing the object, wherein the two-dimensional image is a photographic representation of the multi-stage perspective views of the three-dimensional object. The multi-stage perspective views are projected onto a three-dimensional topographical mold, and the two-dimensional image is converted into a two-dimensional diagram and predistorted by pre-distorting the two-dimensional image as it is projected on the mold. A display apparatus manufactured by the process according to claim 4, which is pre-distorted to solve the expansion and flow effects of the plastic plate in the process, and the parallax distortion and uniaxial phenomenon. A thermoformed plastic sheet having a topographic surface representing a three-dimensional object and a pre-distorted two-dimensional image applied to the topographic surface representing the object, wherein the two-dimensional image is a photographic representation of the multi-stage perspective views of the three-dimensional object. The multi-stage perspective views are projected onto a three-dimensional topographical mold, and the two-dimensional image is converted into a two-dimensional diagram and predistorted by pre-distorting the two-dimensional image as it is projected on the mold. A display apparatus manufactured by the process according to claim 5, which is pre-distorted to solve the expansion and flow effects of the plastic plate in the process, and the parallax distortion and uniaxial phenomenon. A three-dimensional display device for displaying three-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects having irregular topographics and visible surfaces distributed on multiple surface portions positioned at various angles with respect to a working plane forming a reference plane. Means for forming a three-dimensional topographical display surface comprising a first surface portion and a second surface portion, each of which is approximately simulated and positioned at a first angle with respect to the reference surface, and a composite photographic image on the display surface. Wherein the composite photographic image comprises a first perspective image for visually simulating a first visible surface of an object on the first surface portion and a second image for visually simulating a second visible surface of an object on the second surface portion of the composite image; A perspective image portion, each of which has a visual effect of projecting a three-dimensional object into a perspective by a composite photographic image on the display surface. Naedorok other three-dimensional display device for displaying the go. 12. The second projection of claim 11, wherein the first perspective image is in a plane approximately parallel to the first angle and the second projection image is essentially in a plane parallel to the second angle. A three-dimensional display device, wherein the sagittal portion is distorted in a plane of a second angle in the first perspective image portion or provides an image that is substantially distorted on the visible surface of the second surface portion that could not be seen due to uniaxial or parallax distortion. The method of claim 11, wherein the means for forming the three-dimensional topographic display surface is a two-dimensional thermoformed plastic plate thermoformed into an irregular three-dimensional topographical form of a three-dimensional object, wherein the composite photographic image is a topographic of the three-dimensional object. A three-dimensional display device is formed on the display surface of the thermoformed plastic plate as an irregular deformation on the composite photographic along the surface. A two-dimensional intermediate transparent object for use in three-dimensional display of three-dimensional objects with topographic and visible surfaces distributed over surface portions located at various angles to the reference surface formed by the topographic surface, having a smooth surface, and three-dimensional A two-dimensional thermoformable transparent plastic plate that can be molded in three dimensions to form a three-dimensional topographic display surface that substantially simulates the topographic surface of the object, and formed on the surface of the two-dimensional plastic plate, the first of the plastic plate A first upper portion on the surface portion and a second upper portion on the second surface portion of the plastic plate, wherein the first upper portion substantially deforms the visible surface of the first surface portion of the object lying approximately parallel to the reference surface The second upper portion is an angle susceptible to shortening or parallax distortion with respect to the reference plane when the object is projected perpendicularly to the reference plane. The deformed image of the visible surface of the second surface portion of the object lying on the deformed second upper portion is a deformable portion containing the angle and the direction and amount determined by the topographic surface of the three-dimensional object. It is compressed in the lateral direction of the surface of the surface, and the plastic plate is formed in three dimensions to form a three-dimensional topographic display surface. A two-dimensional translucent body that substantially simulates the corresponding portion of the display surface. 15. The two-dimensional intermediate transparent body according to claim 14, wherein the topographic surface of the three-dimensional object is irregular, and the deformation portion of the second upper portion is similarly irregular. A system for the display of three-dimensional objects with topographic and visible surfaces distributed over several facets, the first projection angle of the object being projected at a first angle and the second facet at a second angle of projection. Facing the object, the second angle being smaller than the first angle such that the surfaces of the second surface portion are not shortened or parallaxly distorted when the first camera is projected, and at least the first surface portion projected from the first angle. A first camera forming a first perspective image of an object including; Projecting the second surface portion of the object at a third angle greater than the second angle, so that the surface of the second surface portion is directed toward the object to the second projection so as not to be shortened or parallaxly distorted when projecting with the first camera. A second camera forming a second perspective image of an object including at least the second surface portion projected from the third angle; A topographic mold having a display surface that substantially simulates the topographic surface of the three-dimensional object, the topographic mold including first and second display surface portions that simulate the topographic portion of the first and second surface portions of the object; Projecting the first and second projection images onto first and second surface portions of the display surface at an angle that matches the projection angle of the cameras, respectively, wherein the projected images are formed by the first projection image. A first upper part projected onto a display surface portion and a second upper portion projected onto a second display surface portion formed by the second perspective image so as to substantially simulate the visible surface of the object on the display surface; A system for three-dimensional display consisting of second projectors.

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