KR930012017B1 - Liquid crystal material - Google Patents

Liquid crystal material Download PDF

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KR930012017B1
KR930012017B1 KR1019900020978A KR900020978A KR930012017B1 KR 930012017 B1 KR930012017 B1 KR 930012017B1 KR 1019900020978 A KR1019900020978 A KR 1019900020978A KR 900020978 A KR900020978 A KR 900020978A KR 930012017 B1 KR930012017 B1 KR 930012017B1
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liquid crystal
crystal material
spontaneous polarization
substance
phase
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서준하
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삼성전관 주식회사
김정배
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/42Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid crystal substance having a high dielectric property, a high spontaneous polarization and a wide liquid crystal temperature range. The substance is expressed by the following formula, where R is C2-C10 alkyl, X is halogen or hydrogen. The liquid crystal display element produced with the substance has a rapid response speed in according with the liquid crystal substance characteristic of high dielectric property and spontaneous polarization and low viscosity.

Description

액정재료Liquid crystal material

본 발명은 액정재료에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 강유전성을 나타내는 액정범위가 넓으며 큰 자발분극을 갖는 액정재료에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a liquid crystal material, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal material having a large liquid crystal range exhibiting ferroelectricity and having large spontaneous polarization.

액정물질은 규칙적으로 배열된 결정성 고체상태와 불규칙적으로 배열된 등빙성 액체상태 사이의 중간상태를 나타내는 분자도를 갖는 액정상 또는 메조상으로서 잘 알려진 유기물질이다.The liquid crystal material is an organic material well known as a liquid crystal phase or meso phase having a molecular diagram showing an intermediate state between a regularly arranged crystalline solid state and an irregularly arranged isotropic liquid state.

이 액정재료를 이용하여 제조하는 액정표시소자는 전계에 따라서 액정의 분자배향이 변화된다는 전기광학적 효과를 이용한 표시소자로서,저전압에서 동작하고 소비전력이 적고, 표시패턴의 크기도 자유로이 설계할 수 있어 탁상 전산계산기용 수자표시용, 디지털 손목시계용 뿐만 아니라 액정칼라 텔레비전등의 평판 디스플레이용으로도 최근 각광을 받고 있다.The liquid crystal display device manufactured by using the liquid crystal material is a display device using an electro-optical effect that the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal is changed according to the electric field. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, the present invention has attracted much attention not only for digital display for desk computer, digital watch, but also for flat panel display such as liquid crystal color television.

이와 같은 액정표시소자 대부분은 TN(Twisted Nematic)형 표시방법의 것이고 액정재료로서 네마틱상에 속하는 것이 널리 사용되고 있다.Most of such liquid crystal display devices are of a twisted nematic (TN) type display method, and those belonging to nematic phases are widely used as liquid crystal materials.

그러나 TN형 표시방식은 수광형(受光型) 표시소자(예컨대 LCD, ECD, EPID, 그외 착색자성구(着色磁性球)를 이용한 표시판 등)이기 때문에 눈이 피로하지 않고 소비전력이 극히 작고 박형의 표시장치를 제작할 수 있는 반면에 화상표시의 응답속도가 느리고, 보는 각도에 따라서는 화상표시를 볼 수 없다는 결점이 있다.However, since the TN type display method is a light receiving type display element (eg, a display panel using LCD, ECD, EPID, and other colored magnetic spheres), eyes are not fatigued and power consumption is extremely small and thin. While the display device can be manufactured, the response speed of the image display is slow, and the image display cannot be seen depending on the viewing angle.

이를 해결하기 위해 TN형 표시방식을 대체할 별도의 액정표시방식의 개발이 불가피하게 되었다.In order to solve this problem, it is inevitable to develop a separate liquid crystal display to replace the TN display.

강유전성 액정은 1975년 R.B.메이어씨등에 의해 그 존재가 최초로 발표된 것으로 액정구조상 키랄스메틱C상, 키랄스메틱 Ⅰ상, 키랄스메틱 F상, 키랄스메틱 G상 및 키랄스메틱 H상(이하 각각 Sc상, Si상, Sf상, Sg상, Sh상으로 약칭한다)에 속하며 강유전성 액정으로 사용한 표시소자에 있어서는, 실용상 실온부근에서 Sc상이나 Sh상을 나타내는 것이 바람직하다.( N.A.Clark et al. ; Applied Phys. Lett., 36, 899(1980)참조)Ferroelectric liquid crystals were first announced in 1975 by RB Meier et al. For display elements belonging to the Sc phase, Si phase, Sf phase, Sg phase, and Sh phase, respectively, and used as ferroelectric liquid crystals, it is preferable to show Sc phase or Sh phase near room temperature in practical use. (NAClark et al. ; Applied Phys. Lett., 36, 899 (1980).)

강유전성에 따른 응답은 다음식(A)과 같다.The response according to ferroelectricity is given by the following equation (A).

(식중 γ는 응답속도, η는 액정재료의 점도, Ps는 자발분극, E는 인가전압이다.)Where γ is the response speed, η is the viscosity of the liquid crystal material, Ps is the spontaneous polarization, and E is the applied voltage.

식에서 나타난 바와 같이 빠른 응답속도를 얻기 위해서는 큰 자발분극과 낮은 점도를 갖는 강유전성 액정물질이 필요한데 분자들의 자발분극이 커지게 되면 분자들 사이에 상호 인력이 더 세게 작용하게 되므로 점도가 증가하는 문제가 있다.As shown in the equation, the ferroelectric liquid crystal material having a large spontaneous polarization and a low viscosity is required to obtain a fast response speed. As the spontaneous polarization of molecules increases, the mutual attraction between the molecules acts harder, which increases the viscosity. .

자발분극이 크고 점도가 높은 액정재료를 액정표시소자용으로 사용하게 되면 응답시간이 지체되어 소자의 표시품질이 현조하게 저하되는 문제가 있다.When a liquid crystal material having a large spontaneous polarization and a high viscosity is used for the liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that the response time is delayed and the display quality of the device is remarkably deteriorated.

이러한 상반된 성질을 잘 극복하면서 최적의 강유전성 액정을 합성하는 것이 많은 연구자들의 관심의 대상이 되어 왔는데 최근에는 액정물질의 물리적 성질과 화학적 안정성이 그 물질의 분자구조에 크게 의존함을 발견하게 되어 특정구조를 갖는 화합물을 합성함으로써 우수한 특성의 액정물질을 얻고 있다.Overcoming these conflicting properties, synthesizing an optimal ferroelectric liquid crystal has been the subject of interest for many researchers. Recently, it has been found that the physical properties and chemical stability of liquid crystal materials are highly dependent on the molecular structure of the material. By synthesizing the compound having a liquid crystal material having excellent properties.

예컨데 에스테르기를 중심기로 갖는 벤조에이트는 강유전성 액정으로서 전이온도가 낮은 반면 자발분극이 작아 응답속도가 느린 성질이 있고 비폐닐계 물질은 자발분극이 크면서도 안정하며 낮은 전이온도를 나타낸다. 부제탄소를 포함하는 물질은 자발분극이 크고 넓은 준결정(mesomorphic) 범위를 가지면서도 점도가 낮다는 장점이 있다.For example, benzoate having an ester group as a center group is a ferroelectric liquid crystal having low transition temperature but low spontaneous polarization, so that the response speed is slow. Non-pentyl based materials have a large spontaneous polarization and are stable and exhibit low transition temperature. Subsidiary carbon-containing materials have the advantage of high spontaneous polarization and a broad mesomorphic range and low viscosity.

본 발명의 목적은 상기한 제반문제점들을 감안하여 부제탄소 말단기를 에스테르기로 연결하여 여기에 비페닐기를 연결하여 자발분극이 크면서도 응답속도가 빠르고 안정한 신규한 액정물질을 제공하고자 하는 것이다.An object of the present invention is to provide a novel liquid crystal material having a large spontaneous polarization and a fast response speed and stable by connecting a subphenyl carbon end group to an ester group in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a biphenyl group.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명의 액정재료는 다음 일반식(Ⅶ)으로 표시되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the liquid crystal material of the present invention is characterized by the following general formula (Ⅶ).

(식중 R은 C2∼C10알칼기이고 X는 할로겐원소를 나타낸다)(Wherein R is a C 2 to C 10 alkali group and X represents a halogen element)

상기 할로겐원소는 Cl, Br, I 및 F 등이다.The halogen element is Cl, Br, I and F and the like.

본 발명에 따른 액정재료의 제조방법은 다음과 같다.The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal material according to the present invention is as follows.

본 발명의 액정재로는 여러 가지 방법에 의해 제조될 수 있으나 그중 가장 바람직한 것을 실시예로 하여 다음에 상세히 설명한다.The liquid crystal material of the present invention may be manufactured by various methods, but will be described in detail below with reference to the most preferred ones.

[제 1단계][Step 1]

4`-알콕시비페놀(Ⅲ)의 제조Preparation of 4`-alkoxybiphenol (III)

p-콜로로페놀(Ⅰ)을 NaOEt/EtOH에 녹이고 RBr(R : C2~C10)을 가한 후 10시간 동안 환류한 후 진공중류하여 화합물(Ⅱ)를 얻는다. 화합물(Ⅱ)를 페놀과 프리달-크랄프트(Friedal-Craft) 반응시켜 4`-알콕시비놀(Ⅲ)을 제조한다.p-Cololophenol (I) is dissolved in NaOEt / EtOH, RBr (R: C 2 ~ C 10 ) is added, refluxed for 10 hours, and then vacuum-midified to obtain compound (II). Compound (II) is reacted with phenol and Friedal-Craft to prepare 4′-alkoxybinol (III).

[제 2단계][Step 2]

2-플루오로-3-메틸 펜타노일 클로라이드(Ⅵ)의 제조Preparation of 2-fluoro-3-methyl pentanoyl chloride (VI)

2개의 부제탄소를 소유하고 있는 이소루이신(Ⅳ)을 피라딘에 녹이고 NaNO2, HF를 가하여 불화화합물(Ⅴ)을 제조한다.(이소루이신을 HCl/NaNO2와 반응시키며 염소치환화합물을 얻을 수 있다) 화합물(Ⅴ)를 PCl3/SOCl2처리하여 중간물질 2-플루오르-3-메틸 판타노일 클로라이드(Ⅵ)를 제조한다.Dissolve the two sub-title isoleucine (Ⅳ) that owns the carbon in pyrazol Dean NaNO 2, was added to HF to produce a fluoride compound (Ⅴ). (Isoleucine put it reacts with the HCl / NaNO 2 sikimyeo obtain the substituted chloride compounds Compound (V) is treated with PCl 3 / SOCl 2 to produce intermediate 2-fluoro-3-methyl pantanoyl chloride (VI).

[제 3단계][Step 3]

4`-알콕시비페닐 2-할로-3-메틸 펜타노에이트(Ⅶ)의 제조Preparation of 4`-alkoxybiphenyl 2-halo-3-methyl pentanoate

상기 제 1 단계에 따라 제조한 화합물(Ⅲ)과 상기 제 2 단계에 따라 제조한 화합물(Ⅳ)를 피리딘에 녹여 교반하여 화합물(Ⅶ)를 얻는다.Compound (III) prepared according to the first step and Compound (IV) prepared according to the second step are dissolved in pyridine and stirred to obtain compound (VII).

상기와 같은 공정에 따라 얻어진 본 발명의 액정재료인 화합물(Ⅶ)은 비페닐 에스테르로서 두 개의 부제탄소를 연속해서 갖게 되기 때문에 화학적으로 안정하며 높은 자발분극과 크지 않은 정도를 갖기 때문에 응답속도가 빠르다.Compound (VIII), which is a liquid crystal material of the present invention obtained according to the above process, is a biphenyl ester, which is chemically stable because it has two sub-carbons in succession, and has a high spontaneous polarization and a small degree, so the response speed is fast. .

본 발명의 화합물(Ⅶ)은 비페닐과 알콕시기를 갖는 에스테르계 액정물질로서 Sc*상과 Sc-ch-I의 전이를 보이며 부제탄소를 나란히 갖기 때문에 자발분극이 크면소도 낮은 점도를 갖는다. 또한 전기음성도가 큰 할로겐원소를 치환하여 자발분극효과를 더욱 크게 함으로써 응답속도를 더욱 빠르게 하였다.The compound (i) of the present invention is an ester liquid crystal material having a biphenyl and an alkoxy group, and exhibits a transition between Sc * phase and Sc-ch-I, and has a subsidiary carbon side by side, so that the spontaneous polarization has a low viscosity. In addition, by replacing the halogen element having a large electronegativity to increase the spontaneous polarization effect to increase the response speed.

본 발명의 화합물(Ⅷ)은 전이온도 30∼70℃에서 Sc*상을 나타내었으며 자발분극은 110nC/㎠ 이상이었다. 반면 점도는 종래의 강유전성 액정재료와 거의 유사한 점도값(20 내지 30ml2/S)을 갖고 있어 우수한 품질의 액정표시소자용 액정재료로 유망하다고 볼 수 있다.Compound (VIII) of the present invention exhibited a Sc * phase at a transition temperature of 30 to 70 ° C. and spontaneous polarization was 110 nC / cm 2 or more. On the other hand, since the viscosity has a viscosity value (20 to 30 ml 2 / S) almost similar to that of the conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal material, it can be regarded as a promising liquid crystal material for liquid crystal display device of excellent quality.

Claims (1)

다음 일반식(Ⅶ)으로 표시되는 것을 특징으로 하는 액정재료.A liquid crystal material characterized by the following general formula (Ⅶ). (식중 R은 C2∼C10알칼기이고 X는 할로겐원소를 나타낸다)(Wherein R is a C 2 to C 10 alkali group and X represents a halogen element)
KR1019900020978A 1990-12-18 1990-12-18 Liquid crystal material KR930012017B1 (en)

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KR930012017B1 true KR930012017B1 (en) 1993-12-23

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