KR920010182B1 - Soil improving composite for foundation work - Google Patents

Soil improving composite for foundation work Download PDF

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KR920010182B1
KR920010182B1 KR1019890001882A KR890001882A KR920010182B1 KR 920010182 B1 KR920010182 B1 KR 920010182B1 KR 1019890001882 A KR1019890001882 A KR 1019890001882A KR 890001882 A KR890001882 A KR 890001882A KR 920010182 B1 KR920010182 B1 KR 920010182B1
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cement
compounds
calcium
weight
portland cement
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KR1019890001882A
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KR900013155A (en
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서병창
이종열
박춘근
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쌍용양회공업주식회사
김채겸
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
    • C09K17/44—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators the inorganic compound being cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

A mixture for stabilizing material for unstable rock mass or weak ground comprises 10-75 wt.% ultra rapid hardening cement, 20-70 wt.% portland cement, 5-30 wt.% aggregate material, 0.01-10 wt.% binding agent and 0.1-10 wt.% expanding agent. The above binding agent contains at least one compound selected from fly ash, volcano ash, silica fume, diatomaceous earth, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and organic materials such as super plasticizer. The expanding agent to prevent cracks contains at least one of calcium oxide or its compounds, calcium aluminum sulphate or its compounds and calcium sulphate or its compounds. And the above aggregate material is composed of at least one of blast furnace slag, fly ash, lime stone and silicastone.

Description

불안정한 암반 및 연약지반의 고정재료Unstable rock and soft ground fixing materials

본 발명은 지하 공동건설 및 터널굴착에 있어서 불연속적이고 취약한 암반이나 지반을 고정시켜 안정화하게 하는 재료에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a material for stabilizing and fixing discontinuous and fragile rocks or ground in underground joint construction and tunnel excavation.

현재 사용하고 있는 재료는 유기물 및 포틀란드시멘트계로서 유기물 재료는 시공할때에 주위의 온도 및 습도에 영향을 받아 굳지 않거나 굳는 속도가 빨라 공사하기가 매우 까다롭고 또한 공사한 후에도 유기물 재료와 물, 공기중 탄산가스등과 반응하여 재료가 취약해질 뿐만 아니라 햇볕을 장시간 받게 되면 유기물 재료가 분해하여 내구성을 요구하는 곳에서는 사용이 곤란하다. 또한 포틀란드계 시멘트를 경화촉진제나 기타 화합물질을 첨가하여 사용한 재료는 포틀란드 시멘트 특성상 굳는 속도가 매우 느려 천정이나 경사가 급한 곳에서는 사용하기가 곤란하고, 또한 시멘트가 물과 반응하여 수화반응물을 생성시키며, 굳을 때 수축이 일어나 지반이나 암반과 접착력이 저하되어 고정재로서 적합치 않다.At present, the materials used are organic and portland cement system. The organic materials are not hardened or hardened due to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity. In addition to weakening of the material by reacting with bicarbonate gas and the like, it is difficult to use in places where organic materials decompose and require durability when exposed to sunlight for a long time. In addition, the materials used by adding a curing accelerator or other compound to Portland cement have a very low hardening rate due to the characteristics of Portland cement, making it difficult to use in places where ceilings or slopes are steep. When hardened, shrinkage occurs and adhesion to the ground or rock is reduced, making it unsuitable as a fixing material.

본 발명은 이와같은 단점을 해소하고 고정재로서 적합한 재료를 제조하기 위하여 특수 시멘트를 사용하였다. 이 특수 시멘트는 포틀란드 시멘트의 단점인 굳는 속도가 늦고, 굳었을 때 수축하는 현상을 개선한 재료이다.The present invention uses special cements to solve these shortcomings and to produce suitable materials as fasteners. This special cement improves the slowness of the Portland cement, which slows down and shrinks when hardened.

본 발명은 이와같은 특수 시멘트에 포틀란드 시멘트 및 팽창성 화합물, 골재, 유기물 혼합재 등을 한가지 이상을 혼합한 혼합물로서 연약지반이나 암반을 고정하는 재료를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a material for fixing soft ground or rock as a mixture of one or more of such a special cement, such as Portland cement and an expandable compound, aggregate, organic mixture, and the like.

본 발명에 사용한 특수 시멘트는 초속경성을 나타내는 시멘트로서 그 광물조성으로 3CaO.SiO2(이하 C3S로 표기) 또는 그의 화합물제, 2CaO.SiO2(이하 C2S로 표기) 또는 그의 화합물계, 11CaO.7Al2O3.CaX2(이하 C11A7Ca.X2로 표기)(X는 F 또는 Cl등 할로겐원소.SO3또는 OH) 또는 그의 화합물계, 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3(이하 C4AF로 표기) 또는 그의 화합물계, CaSO4또는 그의 화합물계, 알칼리염계(탄산나트륨, 탄산칼륨, 황산나트륨, 황산칼륨), 3CaO.3Al2O3.CaSO4(이하 C3A3.CaSO4로 표기) 또는 그의 화합물계, 칼슘알루미네이트(CaO.Al2O3, 2CaO.Al2O3, 12CaO.7Al2O3) 또는 이들 화합물계 광물을 한 개 이상 포함한 시멘트이다.The special cement used in the present invention is cement exhibiting super-hardness, and has a mineral composition of 3CaO.SiO 2 (hereinafter referred to as C 3 S) or a compound thereof, 2CaO.SiO 2 (hereinafter referred to as C 2 S) or a compound thereof , 11CaO.7Al 2 O 3 .CaX 2 (hereinafter denoted as C 11 A 7 Ca.X 2 ) (X is a halogen element such as F or Cl. SO 3 or OH) or a compound thereof, 4CaO.Al 2 O 3 . Fe 2 O 3 (hereinafter referred to as C 4 AF) or a compound thereof, CaSO 4 or a compound thereof, alkali salts (sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate), 3CaO.3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 (hereinafter C) 3 A 3 .CaSO 4 ) or a compound thereof, calcium aluminate (CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 2CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 12CaO.7Al 2 O 3 ) or cement containing one or more of these compound minerals to be.

또한 시멘트계 광물을 이용한 불안정한 암반 및 연약지반 고정재료에 있어서는 수축에 의한 균열이 발생된다. 이러한 균열을 방지하기 위하여 팽창재를 적정량 첨가하여 팽창성을 보완하기 위하여 사용한 재료로서는 그 광물조성이 CaO 또는 그 화합물계, 칼슘 알루미늄 황산염(3CaO.3Al2O3.CaSO4) 또는 그의 화합물계, 칼슘 알루미늄 황산염(11CaO.7Al2O3.CaX2, CaO.Al2O3, 2CaO.Al2O3, 12CaO.7Al2O3) 또는 이들 화합물계, 황산칼슘(CaSO4) 또는 그의 화합물계의 광물을 한 개이상 포함한 팽창성 재료이다.In addition, cracks due to shrinkage occur in unstable rock and soft ground fixing materials using cement minerals. In order to prevent such cracks, the material used for supplementing the expandability by adding an appropriate amount of the expansion material, the mineral composition is CaO or its compound, calcium aluminum sulfate (3CaO.3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 ) or its compound, calcium aluminum Sulphate (11CaO.7Al 2 O 3 .CaX 2 , CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 2CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 12CaO.7Al 2 O 3 ) or these compounds, calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) or minerals thereof It is an expandable material containing at least one.

이들 초속경성 시멘트 및 팽창재가 수화반응하여 경화재를 생성할 때 경화제의 물리적 특성을 증진시켜 주기 위하여 사용한 골재는 고로 slag, fly ash, 석회석, 규석 등을 한가지 이상 사용한다.Aggregate used to improve the physical properties of the curing agent when the super-hard cement and the expansion material is hydrated to produce a hardened material, blast furnace slag, fly ash, limestone, silica or more.

또한 주위의 암반이나 지반과의 접착력을 증진시켜 주기 위하여 폴리비닐알콜(PVA) 및 고유동화제(super plasticizer)계통의 유기물, 플라이애시(fly ash), 화산재, 규조토 등을 한가지 이상 사용한다.In addition, at least one of organic materials, fly ash, volcanic ash, diatomaceous earth, and the like of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a super plasticizer system is used to improve adhesion to surrounding rock or ground.

또한 초속경성 시멘트의 빠른 수화반응을 조절하며 사용재료의 특성을 이용하기 위하여 포틀란드 시멘트계의 재료를 지반 및 암반 고정재의 0.1-90% 전체 중량비로 혼합하여 사용한다.In addition, to control the rapid hydration of super-hard cement and to take advantage of the characteristics of the materials used, Portland cement-based materials are mixed in the total weight ratio of 0.1-90% of the ground and rock fixing materials.

본 발명에서 사용한 재료등이 물과 반응하여 굳어질 때 보통 시멘트와 다른 수화물이 생성되어 초속경성 및 무수축성을 나타내는 이론적 배경은 다음 그림과 같다.When the material used in the present invention is hardened by reaction with water, cement and other hydrates are usually formed, and the theoretical background showing the super-hardness and the non-shrinkage property is as follows.

Figure kpo00001
Figure kpo00001

그림에서 보면 본 발명에 사용된 광물들의 최종 수화반응물은 칼슘 알루미네이트 황산염계수화물, Ca(OH)2 C-S-H(Calcium Silicate Hydrate)계 수화물로서, 초기의 초속경성은 수화반응물중 칼슘 알루미네이트 황산염계수화물과 Ca(OH)2가 생성되어 나타나는 현상이며, 이 수화물들은 원래의 미수화광물보다 부피가 크기 때문에 경화체가 물과 반응하여 굳고 난 후에도 수축하지 않는 효과를 나타내게 한다.As shown in the figure, the final hydrate reactants of the minerals used in the present invention are calcium aluminate sulfate hydrate, Ca (OH) 2 CSH (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) hydrate, and the initial superhardness is calcium aluminate sulfate hydrate in the hydrate. And Ca (OH) 2 are formed and these hydrates are bulkier than the original unhydrated minerals, so that the cured product does not shrink after reacting with water and hardening.

이들 초기의 수화반응후 1일 정도 이후에서는 칼슘 실리케이트계 광물인 C3S, C2S, C4AF 등의 수화반응이 계속적으로 일어나 gel상태의 칼슘 실리케이트 수화물을 생성시켜 막대 및 판상의 칼슘 알루미네이트 황산염 수화물 구조에 치밀하게 충진되어 경화체가 높은 고강도를 발현하게 한다.About 1 day after the initial hydration reaction, hydration reactions such as calcium silicate minerals such as C 3 S, C 2 S, and C 4 AF continuously occur to form gel calcium silicate hydrate to form rod and plate calcium alumina. It is densely packed into the nitrate sulfate hydrate structure, causing the cured product to express high strength.

이와같은 이유로 인하여 본 발명의 암반 및 지반의 고정재는 초기에 빠르게 굳고, 무수축 특성을 갖는 동시에 장기간에 걸쳐 높은 강도를 발현하게 되어 내구성을 요구하는 고정재료의 특성에 적합하다.For these reasons, the rock and ground fasteners of the present invention are initially hardened quickly, exhibit non-shrinkage properties, and exhibit high strength over a long period of time, which is suitable for the properties of fastening materials requiring durability.

또한 본 발명과 기 개발된 시멘트계 고정재의 이론적 차이점은 포틀란드계 시멘트인 경우 주수화 반응물이 C-S-H계의 수화물로서 수화반응이 매우 늦고 이 수화물은 경화체의 수축현상을 일으키기 때문에 지반이나 암반의 고정재로서 적합치 못하고 여기에 팽창재료를 사용한 특허인 JPN 소53-19164경우를 보면 팽창재료의 수화반응 속도와 포틀란드 시멘트의 수화반응 속도의 차이로 인하여 균형을 이루지 못하여 경화체가 부분적으로 수축하거나 팽창하는 경우가 일어나며 굳은 후에 팽창이 될 경우 균열의 발생 위험이 있다.In addition, the theoretical difference between the present invention and the developed cement-based fixing material is that in case of Portland cement, the hydration reaction of the main hydrolyzate as a CSH-based hydrate is very slow and this hydrate causes shrinkage of the hardened body. In the case of JPN So 53-19164, which uses an expansion material, the hardened body partially contracts or expands due to a difference between the hydration reaction rate of the expansion material and the hydration reaction rate of Portland cement. If it expands after hardening, there is a risk of cracking.

또한 알루미나계의 시멘트를 사용한 특허 U.S Pat. 4,045,237의 경우는 알루미나 광물인 CaO.Al2O3, 2CaO.Al2O3, 12CaO.7Al2O3의 수화반응 mechanism을 보면 아래 그림과 같이 주위 온도에 따라 여러 가지 수화물이 생성되고 있다.In addition, US Pat. In the case of 4,045,237, the hydration mechanism of alumina minerals CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 2CaO.Al 2 O 3 , 12CaO.7Al 2 O 3 shows various hydrates depending on the ambient temperature as shown in the figure below.

Figure kpo00002
Figure kpo00002

수화 생성물인 CaO.Al2O3.10H2O, 2CaO.Al2O3.8H2O 등의 수화물은 열역학적으로 불안정하여 계속적인 수화반응에 의하여 열역학적으로 안정한 3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O 수화물로 전이가 일어나 이들 수화물 간에 부피변화로 인하여 장기 압축강도 및 물리성능이 저하되어 구조물이 파괴가 일어나게 되는 암반이나 지반등 계속적인 하중을 받는 재료의 고정재로서는 부적합하다.Hydrates such as CaO.Al 2 O 3 .10H 2 O and 2CaO.Al 2 O 3 .8H 2 O are hydrated thermodynamically and 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 .6H 2 is thermodynamically stable by continuous hydration. It is not suitable for fixing materials of continuous loading such as rock or ground where transitions to O-hydrates cause long-term compressive strength and physical performance to decrease due to volume changes between these hydrates, resulting in structural failure.

따라서 본 발명은 이러한 단점을 완전히 보완한 지반 및 암반의 구조재로서 구성비율은 중량%로 초속경성 시멘트 75-10%, 포틀란드계 시멘트 20-70%, 골재 5-30%의 조성물에다 팽창재 0.1-10% 점결재 0.01-10%를 첨가하고 있다.Therefore, the present invention is a structural material of the ground and rock to completely compensate for these shortcomings, the composition ratio is by weight percent of ultra-fast cement 75-10%, Portland-based cement 20-70%, aggregate 5-30% in the composition of the expander 0.1- 10% caking additive 0.01-10% is added.

본 발명에 사용된 골재인 석회석, 규석 고로 Slag는 초속경성 시멘트 및 포틀란드계 시멘트, 팽창재가 수화반응하여 경화될 때 수화반응시 일어나는 응력 흡수 및 filler 역할로 경화체의 물리적 강도를 좋게 해주며, 점결재로서 fly ash, 규조토, PVA등은 본 발명의 고정재료의 점성을 향상시켜 주는 역할을 한다.Limestone and silica blast furnace slag used in the present invention improves the physical strength of the cured body by acting as a stress absorber and filler that occurs during the hydration reaction when the super hard cement and Portland cement and the expansion material are cured by the hydration reaction. As a payment, fly ash, diatomaceous earth, PVA and the like play a role of improving the viscosity of the fixing material of the present invention.

본 발명의 구성비율은 상세하게 설명하면 초속경성 시멘트로서 C11A7CaX2계 광물과 칼슘 실리케이트, 칼슘 알루미네이트, CaSO4를 구성광물로 하는 A(이하 초속경시멘트 A)와 C4A3CO3(3CaO.3Al2O3.CaSO4또는 4CaO.Al2O3.SO3)칼슘 알루미네이트 및 알칼리염, CaSO4를 구성광물로 하는 B(이하 초속경시멘트 B)를 사용하였다.The composition ratio of the present invention is described in detail as a super hard cement, C 11 A 7 CaX 2 -based minerals, calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, CaSO 4 A (hereinafter referred to as super fast cement A) and C 4 A 3 the CO 3 (3CaO.3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 or 4CaO.Al 2 O 3 .SO 3), calcium aluminate and an alkali salt, CaSO 4 and B to the configuration mineral (the initial velocity environment cement B) was used.

팽창재로서는 CaO를 주성분으로 하는 물질과 CaSO4를 주성분으로 하는 물질, C4A3SO3를 주성분으로 하는 물질을 한가지 또는 그 이상 혼합된 물질을 팽창재로 사용하였다.As the expander, a material in which one or more of a material containing CaO as a main component, a material containing CaSO 4 as a main component and a material containing C 4 A 3 SO 3 as a main component was used as the expanding material.

포틀란드계 시멘트는 주 구성광물이 C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF 및 CaSO2.2H2O로 구성된 시멘트를 사용하였다.Portland cement used cement whose main constituent minerals consisted of C 3 S, C 2 S, C 3 A, C 4 AF, and CaSO 2 H 2 O.

골재로서는 석회석, 규석, 수재 Slag를 분쇄하여 사용하였고, 점결재로서는 fly, ash, silica fume, PVA, super plasticizer를 사용하였다.Limestone, silica, and slag slag were used as aggregates, and fly, ash, silica fume, PVA, and super plasticizer were used as caking additives.

본 발명의 구체적인 조성비율은 중량%로선 초속경 시멘트 A를 사용한 경우 A가 20-60%, 포틀란드시멘트 20-70%, 골재 3-30%, 팽창재 0.1-10%이며, 초속경 시멘트 B를 사용한 경우 B가 30-70%, 포틀란드 시멘트 30-80%, 골재 1-20%, 팽창재 0.1-30%, 점결재 0.01-10%이다.Specific composition ratio of the present invention is that by using the cemented carbide cement A by weight% A 20-60%, Portland cement 20-70%, aggregate 3-30%, expanding material 0.1-10%, cemented carbide cement B When used, B is 30-70%, Portland cement 30-80%, aggregate 1-20%, expander 0.1-30%, caking agent 0.01-10%.

본 발명의 고정재는 물성시험을 인발강도 및 KSL5201에 준하여 압축강도 및 응결시간 등을 측정하였다.In the fixing material of the present invention, the compressive strength and the setting time were measured according to the pullout strength and KSL5201.

[실시예 1]Example 1

[초속경 시멘트 A-포틀란드 시멘트계][Carbide cement A-Portland cement system]

Figure kpo00003
Figure kpo00003

초속경 시멘트 A를 사용하였을 경우 이 시멘트의 함량이 증가되면 증가될수록 단시간의 몰리성능이 좋아지는 경향을 나타내고 있으며, 함량이 너무 증가하게 되면 짧은 시간에 급격한 수화반응이 일어나기 때문에 80%이상 첨가되면 수화반응시 발생되는 수화반응열로 인하여 경화제가 균열이 일어나게 된다.In the case of using cemented carbide cement A, as the content of cement increases, the molybdenum performance tends to improve in a short time.If the content increases too much, a rapid hydration reaction occurs in a short time. The heat generated during the hydration reaction causes the hardener to crack.

따라서 이러한 현상을 방지하기 위하여 본 발명에서는 분쇄된 골재를 첨가하여 열에 의한 응력을 흡수하여 양호한 물리성능을 갖는 지반이나 암반 고정재를 제조하였다.Therefore, in order to prevent such a phenomenon, in the present invention, the ground or rock fixing material having good physical performance was prepared by absorbing stress caused by adding pulverized aggregate.

골재에 대한 몰리성능의 차이는 고로 slag의 경우는 잠재 수경성의 성질 때문에 석회석보다 양호한 물성을 나타내며, 장기간으로 갈수록 더욱 좋아진다.The difference in molybdenum performance for aggregates is that slag has better physical properties than limestone because of its latent hydraulic properties.

[실시예 2]Example 2

[초속경 시멘트 B-포틀란드 시멘트계][Carbide cement B-Portland cement system]

Figure kpo00004
Figure kpo00004

초속경 시멘트 B를 사용할 경우는 시멘트중에 존재하는 속경성 광물인 C4A3SO3의 특성이 초속경 시멘트 A에 존재하는 광물보다 활성이 작기 때문에 품질 특성이 약간 저조하게 나타난다.In the case of using cemented cement B, the quality of C 4 A 3 SO 3 , which is a hard mineral in cement, is less active than that in cemented cement A.

실시예 1 및 실시예 2는 기존의 방법과 비교하여 매우 우수한 특성을 나타내고 있다.Example 1 and Example 2 show very excellent characteristics compared with the existing method.

Claims (2)

불안정한 암반 및 연약지반 고정재료의 혼합물에 있어서, 초속경성시멘트 75-10중량%와 포틀란드시멘트 20-70중량%, 골재 5-30%중량의 조성물에다 점결재 0.01-10중량%, 팽창재 0.1-10중량%를 첨가한 것을 특징으로 하는 불안정한 암반 및 연약지반 고정재료.For mixtures of unstable rock and soft ground fixing materials, 75-10% by weight superhard cement, 20-70% by weight Portland cement, 5-30% by weight of aggregate, 0.01-10% by weight caking agent, and 0.1-% expander Unstable rock and soft ground fixing material, characterized in that the addition of 10% by weight. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 점결재는 플라이애쉬, 실리카홈, 폴리비닐알콜(PVA)고유동화제 1종류 이상으로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 불안정한 암반 및 연약지반 고정재료.The unstable rock and soft ground fixing material according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises at least one kind of fly ash, silica groove, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fluidizing agent.
KR1019890001882A 1989-02-18 1989-02-18 Soil improving composite for foundation work KR920010182B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1312590A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-21 Carrières du Boulonnais Cementitious compositions, method for making floor screeds with reduced shrinking and curling, and floor screeds thus obtained
US11396479B2 (en) * 2017-06-16 2022-07-26 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Dry premixture for flexible concrete and method for its preparation and use thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1312590A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-21 Carrières du Boulonnais Cementitious compositions, method for making floor screeds with reduced shrinking and curling, and floor screeds thus obtained
FR2832402A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-23 Carrieres Du Boulonnais CEMENT COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING WITHDRAWABLE SCREEDS AND LIFTING OF REDUCED EDGES AND OBTAINED SCREWS
WO2003043950A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-05-30 Carrieres Du Boulonnais, S.A.S. Cement composition, method for making flooring with reduced shrinkage and curling edges, and resulting floorings
US11396479B2 (en) * 2017-06-16 2022-07-26 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Dry premixture for flexible concrete and method for its preparation and use thereof

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