KR920008714B1 - Articulating steel cap for underground mining support structures - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Jointed steel caps for underground mining support structures

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hollow profile portion with an inserted peak and an inserted fork.

2 is a drawn out arrangement as in FIG.

3 is an exploded side view of the back grip member, the wedge and the pulling anchor.

4 is a sectional view taken along the line I-I of FIG.

5 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

6 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a view rotated 90 ° left in the direction of arrow A of FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1 steel cap 2 hollow profile part

3: peak 4: fork

17: Bolt Bolt 18: Nut

21: plane 28: opening

The present invention relates to an articulated steel cap for an underground mining support structure made of hollow partial profiles of a given length with a fork arranged at the end of the so-called tip at the other end. The connection between the insert and the hollow partial profile is made with an interposed connection.

Such articulated steel caps have already been known by German Utility Model No. 8305874. This cap not only has a low production cost, but is also easily cleaned and repaired. The cap is easily assembled in the right place. However, in order to manufacture such a cap, the requirements of the manufacturing method are relatively demanding, and it is difficult to fit the peak and fork without play, on the one hand, so-called mechanical corrosion and on the other hand, undesirable side pressure.

It is an object of the present invention to develop an articulated iron cap so that the insert can be held free of play in the correct position without losing the advantages described, starting from a device of the type described above. This object has, according to the invention, a profiled plug having a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the hollow partial profile at the end that the insert faces towards the hollow partial profile. Each profiled plug has at least one longitudinally inclined surface. Moving wedge elements are assigned to each longitudinal slope. The wedge element is drawn into the hollow partial profile between the inner surface of the hollow partial profile and the longitudinally inclined surface. The use of the wedge surface in combination with the wedge element ensures that each insert is completely secured in the correct position. This is particularly the case when using two corresponding inclined surfaces disposed opposite one another rather than one inclined surface. Advantageously, having both slopes rather than two slopes and using these slopes with corresponding wedges helps to center each insert. Thus, not only is the connection very secure, but at the same time the coupling can be easily broken. Yet the benefits of mounting remain intact. Repair and management efficiencies already known by the prior art are also retained. Thermal bonds are no longer sensitive to mechanical corrosion. Incorrect positioning of each insert connected together and undesirable edge compression can be avoided.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention there is arranged at least one longitudinal anchor extending longitudinally. The pulling anchor is backed by the back-grip, each moving tooth reaching behind the wedge element and the pulling anchor is made for external operation. This is a very simple structural possibility that can loosen the wedge or access it externally to drive the wedge with the required force.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the pulling anchor is formed from a threaded bolt with a bolt head accessible from the outside, the threaded portion forming a nut that forms a back grip that is guided to the hollow profile with respect to rotation. Has Threaded bolts are easily operated through bolt heads that are freely accessible to the outside. The screw provides a very large translational force with the nut acting as a back grip so that the wedge is pulled with a very large force if necessary. Since there is a short circuit of force through the pulling anchor between the wedge and the insert, undesired displacement of the wedge is not foreseen due to the tension or clamping force induced by the clamping action. It is proposed for the nut to have an outer cross sectional shape that frees the inner cross section of the hollow partial profile. It is preferably in the form of a rectangular or nearly rectangular or quadrilateral. If the outer cross-sectional shape of the nut corresponds to the clearance to the inner cross section of the hollow partial profile, the nut cannot be rotated on one hand but on the other hand in a position with the required axial motion without interruption.

According to the invention each wedge element is connected to the back grip and moves radially with respect to the back grip but is essentially axially stationary. Pulling wedges are simply driven out of the retightening position from the outside to loosen the connection between the insert and the hollow partially profile, for example through a pull anchor made of threaded bolts. For this purpose the threaded bolt is in turn axially on the wedge and pressed or punched to be taken along a nut that loosens the connection.

The invention also allows the insert made of the fork to be separated longitudinally at the center of the plane parallel to the fork surface. With regard to the method of fastening according to the invention, vertical splitting of the fork is possible without losing the fixing stability of the fork. Thus, producing such a fork more economically and at the same time providing more efficient repair possibilities, since in the case of normal damage only half of the fork is damaged and the other half can be used. Thus, in case of damage, half of the forks can be exchanged. As a result, the forces required to maintain inventory are significantly reduced and small weights are carried when maintenance is required. If the fork is split, it can have a separate wedge for each inclined surface of the half profiled plug of the fork. Due to this feature, the smallest dimensional tolerances between the two inclined fork vanes are possibly compensated for. The division of the wedges used is within the scope of the invention. All flat surfaces of the profiled plug of the fork and the separated fork that are not separated from the peak can be tilted and wedges can be assigned to this inclined surface. Thus a very strong fixation occurs in all directions. However, the inclined surface of the profiled plug, which in particular provides the principal force to each wedge and the hollow partial profile, is to be spread over the large surface and to the full width if possible by the wedge being pulled to achieve a small surface pressure if possible. Should be covered throughout. According to the invention the angle of inclination of the inclined surface is in the range of 2 to 10 degrees. Very strong connections are made with relatively small pulling forces.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 shows an articulated iron cap 1 in which the hollow profile part 2 is formed into an integral box-shaped profile. The peak 3 is equipped at one end of the hollow profile part 2 and the fork 4 is equipped at the other end of the hollow profile part 2, which two members are profiled into the hollow profile part 2. Or 6) inserted into each. In the arrangement shown, the effective line in the direction of the main load lies in or parallel to the drawing plane. In an arrangement opposed to this perpendicular to the drawing plane, the profile plug 5 of the peak 3 has two slopes 7, 8 which are inclined longitudinally so as to converge inward with respect to the hollow profile portion 2. There is this. This slope has an inclination angle α. In addition, the profiled insert plug 5 is provided with a wall member or a side plane extending parallel to the drawing plane. These wall members or side surfaces are fitted with a small clearance if they can be spaced from each other and into the hollow of the hollow profile part 2. Such face arrangements have already been known by the foregoing technique. However, such wall members do not have to be present. It is that advantageous if it is. The wall member may be inclined along the inclined surfaces 7 and 8 in the longitudinal direction. In this way, at least opposite ends of the longitudinal inclined surfaces 7, 8 mutually support the wall member 23 having the opening 24. Thus, the wall members forming the longitudinal inclined surfaces 7, 8 are sufficiently supported with respect to each other. However, side wall members without reference numbers can significantly increase the stiffness of the entire system.

The profiled insert plug 6 of the fork 4 is formed almost similarly. In this case the corresponding longitudinally inclined surfaces 9, 10 are provided in the plug 6. The longitudinal inclined surfaces 9 and 10 also have an inclination angle α and converge into the hollow partial profile 2. However, plug 6 shows a variant of the example embodiment. In other words, since the vertical inclined surfaces 9 and 10 are exclusively supported by the wall members 25 and 26, natural openings 27 remain on opposite sides. 4 to 6 show hollow cross-sectional profiles 2 and cross-sectional shapes of the peaks and forks 3 and 4, and FIG. 5 shows the peaks 3 inserted therein. 6 shows the fork 4 in a state immediately before inserting the peak 3 into the hollow partial profile 2.

In order to fix the peak and fork (3,4), screwed bolts (17), which form the anchors that are pulled first, are inserted into the peak (3) in the longitudinal direction. To this end, the threaded bolt 17 is pushed through the opening 28 and the opening 24 until the bolt head 19 abuts. The nut 18 is left in a rotated position to insert the nut 18 into the hollow partial profile 2. The cross section of the nut 18 corresponds to a sufficient clearance so that the nut 18 inserted into the profile 2 can no longer rotate, corresponding to the internal cross section of the partial profile 2 of the false hollow. Two moving wedge elements 11 and 12 placed axially with respect to the nut 18 rest against the inclined surface on each inclined surface 7 and 8 of the profiled insert plug 5. It is connected to the nut 18 in a desired manner so that it moves at least slightly radially. The axial movement of the nut 18 in two directions includes moving wedge elements 11 and 12 which are locked or unlocked. However, the assembly sequence without the peak 3 is shown in the part disassembly arrangement of FIG.

When the arrangement described is assembled, the peaks 3 are profiling with the profiled insert plugs 5 until the opposite ends 29 of the peaks 3 bear against each opposite side of the hollow partial profile 2. Pushed together. When this condition is achieved, the bolt head 19 of the threaded bolt 17, which acts as a pulling anchor, rotates. Since the nut 18 cannot pivot in the hollow partial profile 2, the insert plaque profiled on the one hand is axially moved towards the bolt head 19 and pushes the moving wedge elements 11, 12 forward. The oil leak between the inclined surfaces (7) and (8) on the other hand and the respective inner surfaces of the hollow partial profile (2) is completely filled. The moving wedge elements 11 and 12 are pulled into the wedge with a very strong force, resulting in a very firm coupling and at the same time the insert is in the correct position.

The width of the preferably moving wedge elements 11, 12 is dimensioned to cover each full width of as many longitudinal slopes 7 and 8 as possible in order to achieve as low surface pressure as possible despite the high clamping force. Lose. The same applies naturally to the longitudinal inclined surfaces 9 and 10 of the profiled insert plug 6 to the wedge elements 13 and 14 moving in relation and arrangement. The mentioned wedge elements are assembled and used in the same manner as described above with reference to the profiled insert plug 5.

Fork 4 in plane 21 by securing peak and fork 3, 4 in hollow partial profile 2 as described above to form articulated iron cap 1 according to the invention. It can divide in parallel with respect to the surface 22.

4 and 7 show the dividing plane 21. The splitting of the fork 4 into the piece makes each individual single forging simple and inexpensive, so the fork 4 assembled into the half fork part is cheaper and less expensive than the fork manufactured by the conventional method. Even if the damage is caused by the fork (4) is usually formed in one piece (piece), because the entire fork is broken, the whole must be replaced. In the case of split forks, only the damaged half can be removed and replaced with a new, cheaper half. The half fork is naturally lighter than the entire fork, making repairs much easier. The stock supply is thereby reduced by this feature, especially in the mine supply, which is a stock supply. In the case of a split fork, it is advantageous to divide the wedge elements 13 and 14 moving longitudinally in the longitudinal direction so that a small difference in the inclination of the longitudinal inclined surfaces 9 and 10 is compensated. However, such features are not necessary when the longitudinal inclined surfaces 9 and 10 correspond to each other sufficiently precisely. The unoblique side of the moving wedge element (11 to 14) as it is pulled is placed firmly against the inner surface (15 or 16) of the hollow profile, so that there is a very strong locking or clamping force in the axial direction and in the radial direction The shape lock connection is made with the hollow profile part 2. In this type of connection, the articulated iron cap with welded peaks and forks has the advantage that it does not have serious disadvantages.

The advantages of known welded iron caps and known fitted iron caps can be mixed in accordance with the present invention to eliminate the drawbacks of both systems simultaneously. In addition, the invention has the following features. It offers the possibility of selecting the material from which the cap is made. Reducing inventory management results in less inventory management costs than in the prior art. The tools needed to assemble this cap are simple and easily available in mines. In addition, the cap has a smaller weight than the previous one. For the first time, this feature makes it available in developing countries where mining operations take place. Caps are particularly advantageous in these countries because mining support structures are used as timber to deforest almost. In addition, the cap is, after all, much more economical than conventional wooden support structures.

Claims (7)

Joints for mining support structures, consisting of hollow partial profiles of a certain length, with a fork at the other end as an insert at one end, with a fork arranged as an insert, and inserts of the insert and the hollow part as profiles. At the end of the at least one longitudinally inclined surface having a profiled plug (5, 6) having a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the hollow partial profile (2) at the end where the peak and fork (3, 4) face the partial profile in the iron cap; Each of the profiled plugs has a movable wedge element (11-14) assigned to the longitudinal inclined surface and the wedge element is hollow between the longitudinal inclined surface (7-10) and the hollow partial profile inner surface (15, 16). Iron cap, characterized in that can be inserted into the partial profile (2) of the. The at least one pulling anchor is arranged to extend longitudinally within the peak and fork (3, 4) and reaches behind and moves behind each moving wedge element (11-14) with a nut forming a back grip. Iron cap, characterized in that it is formed to be operable in. 3. The pulling anchor according to claim 2, wherein the pulling anchor is formed of a screw bolt (17) in which the bolt head (19) is easily accessible from the outside, and the threaded portion is fixed so as not to rotate in the hollow partial profile (2). An iron cap characterized by a rear clip with a female thread comprising a nut 18 forming a guided back grip. 4. Iron cap according to claim 3, characterized in that the nut (18) has an outer cross-sectional shape adapted to the inner cross section of the hollow partial profile. The iron cap according to claim 1, wherein each wedge element (11-14) is connected to the backgrip so that it can move radially with respect to the backgrip but not axially. Iron cap according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert formed as a fork (4) is separated longitudinally centrally in a plane (21) parallel to the fork surface (22). The iron cap according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inclination angle (α) of the inclined surface (7-10) is 2-10 degrees.

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