KR910006948Y1 - Over current protective circuit - Google Patents

Over current protective circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
KR910006948Y1
KR910006948Y1 KR2019870016334U KR870016334U KR910006948Y1 KR 910006948 Y1 KR910006948 Y1 KR 910006948Y1 KR 2019870016334 U KR2019870016334 U KR 2019870016334U KR 870016334 U KR870016334 U KR 870016334U KR 910006948 Y1 KR910006948 Y1 KR 910006948Y1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
comparator
switch
voltage
load
circuit
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KR2019870016334U
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Korean (ko)
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KR890007778U (en
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이명구
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정정포
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02Details
    • H02H3/06Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/04Voltage dividers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold

Abstract

내용 없음.No content.

Description

전기자동개폐회로Electric automatic switching circuit

제1도는 본 고안의 블럭구성도.1 is a block diagram of the present invention.

제2도는 본 고안의 회로도.2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.

제3도는 본 고안의 감지부에 대한 다른 실시도.3 is another embodiment of the sensing unit of the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 정류부 IC1: 정전압회로1: rectifier IC 1 : constant voltage circuit

2 : 비교부 IC2, IC3: 비교기2: comparator IC 2 , IC 3 : comparator

R1-R6: 저항 Q : 트랜지스터R 1 -R 6 : Resistor Q: Transistor

3 : 개폐부 A, B : 개폐기3: switchgear A, B: switchgear

L1, L2: 입력선 4 : 감지부L 1 , L 2 : Input line 4: Sensor

D1, D2: 다이오드 C1: 콘덴서D 1 , D 2 : Diode C 1 : Condenser

5 : 과전류센서 a, b, c, a', b', c' : 접점5: Overcurrent sensor a, b, c, a ', b', c ': contact

본 고안은 일반주거용 건물(예컨대 일반단독주택, 아파트, 연립주택등), 업무용빌딩, 공장 등의 옥내전기선로 인입부측에 설치하여 옥내배선 또는 전기기기등의 부하측에서 단락현상, 과부하현상이 발생하면 이를 신속히 감지하여 전원의 인입을 차단하여, 건물의 화재는 물론 전기기기의 손상과 화재를 미연에 방지할 수 있도록 하며, 단락, 과부하의 요인이 해소되면, 자동으로 전원이 인입되도록 한 것을 특징으로한 전기자동개폐회로에 관한 것이다.The present invention is installed at the entrance side of indoor electric lines of general residential buildings (eg single-family houses, apartments, townhouses, etc.), business buildings, factories, etc., and short-circuit and overload phenomena occur on the load side of indoor wiring or electrical equipment. By detecting this quickly, it cuts off the power supply, so that it is possible to prevent damages and fires not only of building fires but also of electrical equipment, and when the short circuit and overload factors are eliminated, the power is automatically supplied. It relates to an electric automatic switching circuit.

종래에 전기개폐기를 살펴보면, 주로 퓨우즈를 내장하여 단락 및 과부하시 차단되도록 한 소위 두꺼비집이나 마그네트를 이용한 자동차단개폐기가 있었다. 먼저 전자의 두꺼비집의 경우 옥내배선이 단락되거나 전기기기등에 소정치 이상의 과부하가 발생하면 내부의 퓨우즈가 용해되면서 인입전원을 차단시키게 되는데, 이를 다시 복구시키려면 두꺼비집의 뚜껑을 열고 용해된 퓨우즈를 제거시킨후 새 퓨우즈를 인입선측과 옥내배션측에 드라이버 등으로 끼워 넣어야 했다.Looking at the electric switch in the prior art, there was a so-called toad house or a magnet car switchgear using a built-in fuse mainly to be cut off when the short circuit and overload. First, in the case of the electronic toad house, if the indoor wiring is shorted or an overload occurs in the electric device or the like, the fuse inside the fuse dissolves and the incoming power is cut off. After removal, the new fuse had to be screwed into the inlet side and the indoor bastion side with a screwdriver.

또한 후자의 자동개폐기의 경우 옥내배선의 단락과 과부하가 발생하면 전류가 마그네트에 인가되어 스위치가 OFF되므로 인입전원을 차단시켜주게 되나, 이를 회복하려면 차단기의 조작레버를 다시 원복시켜 주어야 하였다.In the case of the latter automatic switchgear, if a short circuit and an overload occur in the indoor wiring, the current is applied to the magnet and the switch is turned off, so that the incoming power is cut off, but to recover it, the operation lever of the breaker has to be restored again.

따라서, 전자의 경우 항상 새로운 퓨우즈를 준비하여야 함은 물론 교체작업이 번거롭고, 특히 인입선측이 노출되어 있어 감전에 대한 위험부담을 배제할 수가 없었으며, 후자의 경우 전자에 비하여 비교적 편리하고 안전성이 높으나 이 역시 차단기의 조작레버를 조작해야 하는 불편이 따랐던 것으로 양자공히 일일이 조작에 의해 복구함으로 인해 그 조작의 번거로움은 물론 야간의 경우 별도의 전원(예컨대 손전등, 성냥, 촛불등)을 이용해야 하므로 그로 인한 다른 사고의 발생요인도 배제할 수 없었던 등의 문제점이 있었다.Therefore, in the former case, a new fuse must be prepared at all times, and replacement work is cumbersome, and in particular, the incoming side is exposed so that the risk of electric shock cannot be excluded. The latter is relatively convenient and safer than the former. However, this was also inconvenient to operate the operation lever of the breaker, because both of them are restored by the operation of the operation, as well as the cumbersome operation of the operation as well as a separate power source (for example, a flashlight, a match, a candle, etc.) As a result, there was a problem that the occurrence factors of other accidents could not be excluded.

본 고안은 상기한 종래의 제반문제점을 감안하여 자동으로 전원이 차단되고 인입되게 하므로서 조작의 편리함과 안전성을 도모할 수 있는 것으로, 이를 첨부도면에 의거 보다 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.The present invention is to allow the convenience and safety of the operation by automatically cutting off the power inlet in consideration of the above-mentioned conventional problems, described in more detail based on the accompanying drawings as follows.

첨부도면중 제1도 및 제2도에 있어서, 1은 인입선(L1) (L2)으로부터 인입된 AC전원을 DC로 정류시켜 주는 정류부인데, 이 정루부(1)는 브릿지정류회로(D)와 정전압회로(CL1)로 구성되어 있어 본 회로에 직류전원을 공급할 수 있도록 되어 있다.In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings, 1 is a rectifying part which rectifies AC power drawn from the lead wire L 1 (L 2 ) to DC, and this rectifying part 1 is a bridge rectifying circuit D ) And constant voltage circuit (CL 1 ) to supply DC power to this circuit.

2는 2개의 비교기(IC2) (IC3)로 구성된 비교부인데, 이 비교부(2)의 입력단에는 분압저항(R1-R4)이 설치되었고 출력단에는 트랜지스터(Q)의 베이스측과 접속되어 있다.2 is a comparator composed of two comparators (IC 2 ) (IC 3 ), in which the voltage divider (R 1- R 4 ) is provided at the input terminal of the comparator 2 and the base side of the transistor Q at the output terminal. Connected.

3은 2개의 개폐기(A) (B)와 릴레이(RL)로 구성된 개폐부인데, 이 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A)는 입력선(L1)측의 접점(a), 정류부(1)측의 접점(b), 부하(Load)측의 접점(c)으로 구성되어 있고, 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(B)는 입력선(L2)측의 접점(a'), 부하(Load)측과 직류검출저항(R5)을 통한 접점(b'), 부하(Load)측의 접점(c')으로 구성되어 있으며, 릴레이(RL)는 정루부(1)와 트랜지스터(Q)의 콜렉터측에 접속되어 있다.3 is an opening and closing portion consisting of two switches A and B and a relay RL, and the opening and closing portion A of the opening and closing portion 3 is the contact point a and the rectifying portion 1 side of the input line L 1 . The contact point (b) of the contact and the load (c) of the load side, the switch (B) of the opening and closing part 3 is the contact (a ') of the input line (L 2 ) side, the load (Load) side And a contact b 'through the DC detection resistor R 5 and a contact c' on the load side, and the relay RL is a collector side of the rectifying part 1 and the transistor Q. Is connected to.

4는 입력선(L2)과 부하(Load)측간에 설치된 감지부인데, 이 감지부(4)에는 등가저항(R6)이 설치되어 있으며, 등가저항(R6)에 의한 검출전압은 다이오드(D1)를 통해 비교기(IC3)에 입력토록 되어 있다.4 is input lines inde (L 2) and the load (Load) detection installed on Toilet unit, a sensing unit (4) has the equivalent resistance (R 6) is installed, the detection voltage by the equivalent resistance (R 6) is a diode It is input to the comparator (IC 3 ) through (D 1 ).

C1은 콘덴서이다.C 1 is a capacitor.

제3도는 본 고안의 감지부(4)에 대한 다른 실시도로서, 5는 입력선(L2)에 설치된 과전류센서인데, 이 과전류센서(5)에서 검출된 전압이 다이오드(D2)를 통해 비교기(IC3)에 입력토록 되어 있다.3 is another embodiment of the sensing unit 4 of the present invention, 5 is an overcurrent sensor installed at the input line L 2 , and the voltage detected by the overcurrent sensor 5 is via the diode D 2 . Input is made to the comparator IC 3 .

이와같이 구성된 본 고안의 작동 및 그 효과를 설명하면 다음과 같다.Referring to the operation of the present invention configured as described above and its effects are as follows.

정상적인 동작시(즉, 부하측의 단락이나 과부하가 야기되기전 상태)에는 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A)에 장치된 접점(a) (c)이 연결되게 하고 개폐기(B)의 접점(a') (c')이 연결토록 하는데, 이는 최초 설계시 선정하는 것이다.During normal operation (i.e., before short circuit or overload occurs on the load side), the contacts (a) and (c) installed in the switch (A) of the switch (3) are connected and the contact (a ') of the switch (B). (c ') is the connection, which is selected during the initial design.

따라서, 인입선(L1) (L2)으로 입력된 전원은 직접 부하(Load)로 흘러 정상상태를 유지하게 되며, 이때 입력선(L1) (L2)간에 연결된 정류부(1)의 브릿지회로(D)와 정전압회로(IC1)에 의하여 정류된 직류출력전원은 분압저항(R1-R4)에 의해 분압된후 각 비교기(IC2)(IC3)에 입력되어 기준전압을 유지케 한다.Therefore, the power input to the inlet line (L 1 ) (L 2 ) flows directly to the load (Load) to maintain a normal state, at this time the bridge circuit of the rectifier (1) connected between the input line (L 1 ) (L 2 ) (D) and the DC output power rectified by the constant voltage circuit (IC 1 ) are divided by the voltage divider (R 1- R 4 ) and then input to each comparator (IC 2 ) (IC 3 ) to maintain the reference voltage. do.

또한 입력선 (L2)에 설치된 감지부(4)의 등가저항(R6)에는 정상치의 전류가 흐르므로 비교기(IC2)(IC3) 타측 입력단에 입력되는 전압이 상기 기준전압보다 미세하여 비교기(IC2)(IC3)로부터 트랜지스터(Q)의 바이어스 전원을 출력하지 못함에 따라 릴레이(RL)가 구동하지 못하므로 정상동작을 하게 된다. 또한 옥내배선이나 부하(Load)측에 단락 또는 규정치 이상의 과부하가 발생되면 인입전원은 인입선(L1)→개폐기(A)→부하(Load)→개폐기(B)→등가저항(R6)으로 구성된 회로에 과전류가 흐르게 되어 상기 등가저항(R6) 양단에서 전압강하가 발생하게 된다.In addition, since the normal current flows through the equivalent resistance R 6 of the sensing unit 4 installed in the input line L 2 , the voltage input to the other input terminal of the comparator IC 2 (IC 3 ) is smaller than the reference voltage. Since the relay RL cannot be driven because the bias power of the transistor Q is not output from the comparator IC 2 (IC 3 ), the normal operation is performed. In addition, when a short circuit or an overload exceeding a specified value occurs in the indoor wiring or load side, the incoming power is composed of a lead wire (L 1 ) → a switch (A) → a load (Load) → a switch (B) → an equivalent resistance (R 6 )). An overcurrent flows through the circuit, causing a voltage drop across the equivalent resistance R 6 .

따라서, 상기 전압강하에 따른 감지전압이 발생하며 이 발생된 감지전압은 다이오드(D1)을 통하여 비교기(IC3)에 입력되므로 비교기(IC3)는 기입력된 기준전압과 비교되어 출력이 발생되고 이 출력에 따라 트랜지스터(Q)가 도통되어 릴레이(RL)가 구동됨과 동시에 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A)는 접점(a) (c)에서 접점(b) (c)으로, 개폐기(B)는 접점(a') (c')에서 연결됨에 따라 부하(Load)측의 전원이 차단된다.Therefore, a sense voltage according to the voltage drop is generated, and the generated sense voltage is input to the comparator IC 3 through the diode D 1 , so that the comparator IC 3 is compared with a previously input reference voltage to generate an output. In response to this output, the transistor Q is turned on to drive the relay RL, and at the same time, the switch A of the opening and closing part 3 is moved from the contact points a) and c to the contacts b and c. ) Is connected at the contacts a 'and c', the power of the load side is cut off.

또한, 저항(R5), 개폐기(B)의 접점(a') (c')과 등가저항(R6)에 연결되므로 저항(R5)에 의한 직류검출전압이 비교기(IC2)에 입력되며 이때 입력된 전압과 비교기(IC2)의 기준전압을 비교하여 비교기(IC2)의 출력이 발생되고 그 발생된 출력에 의해 트랜지스터(Q)는 계속 도통이 되며 개폐부(3)의 릴레이(RL) 또한 구동을 지속하게 되는 것이다.The input to the resistor (R 5), switch (B) of the contact (a ') (c') and the equivalent resistance (R 6) also connected to the resistor (R 5) direct current the sensed voltage comparator (IC 2) by and wherein by comparing the input reference voltage of the voltage comparator (IC 2) the output of the comparator (IC 2) is generated in the transistor (Q) by the generated output is the continued conduction relay (RL of the opening and closing part (3) ) Will also continue to drive.

이때 콘덴서(C1)와 저항(R1-R4)으로 지연회로가 구성되어 과전류검출시간과 직류회로의 동작시간편차를 없애도록 되어있다.At this time, the delay circuit is composed of the capacitor C 1 and the resistors R 1 -R 4 to eliminate the deviation of the over current detection time and the operation time of the DC circuit.

이와같은 상태에서 부하(Load)측에 과전류의 원인이 제거되어 정상치로 복귀되면 등가저항(R6)에 의한 검출전압이 낮아져서 비교기(IC3)의 기준전압에 이르지 못하게 됨에 따라 비교기(IC3)에서 출력이 발생치 못하게 되므로 트랜지스터(Q)가 차단되고 개폐부(3)의 릴레이(RL)가 구동하지 못하도록 개폐부(3) 개폐기(A) (B)는 접점(b) (c), (a') (b')에서 접점(a) (c), (a') (c')으로 환원되게 된다.When this at the same conditions as the cause of the overcurrent is removed to a load (Load) side returns to the normal value as the detection voltage by the equivalent resistance (R 6) lowers let reach the reference voltage of the comparator (IC 3) a comparator (IC 3) Since the transistor Q is blocked and the relay RL of the switch 3 cannot be driven, the switch A and the switch B are connected to the contacts b, c, and a '. (b ') is reduced to the contacts (a) (c), (a') and (c ').

따라서 부하(Load)측에는 정상적인 전원이 공급되게 되며 상기한 원인이 다시 발생되면 신속하게 재동작이 가능토록 되어 있다.Therefore, normal power is supplied to the load side, and if the above-mentioned causes occur again, it is possible to quickly restart the operation.

또한, 제3도와 같이 감지부(4)에 등가저항(R6) 대신 과전류센서(5)를 설치하여, 옥내배선 및 전기기기등의 단락 또는 과부하시 과전류를 감지토록 하고 여기에서 출력된 전압을 다이오드(D2)를 통해 한 비교기(IC3)에 입력토록 하여도 동일한 효과를 얻을 수 있으며, 기타 감지장치를 같은 회로내에 설치하여 동일 내지 유사한 효과를 얻을 수 있을 경우 본 고안의 권리내에 포함되는 것은 당연할 것이다.In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the overcurrent sensor 5 is installed in the sensing unit 4 instead of the equivalent resistance R 6 to detect the overcurrent in the case of short circuit or overload of indoor wiring and electrical equipment, and the output voltage is The same effect can be obtained by inputting to one comparator (IC 3 ) through the diode (D 2 ), and if the same or similar effects can be obtained by installing other sensing devices in the same circuit, they are included in the right of the present invention. It will be natural.

상술한 바와같이 본 고안은 건물의 옥내배선이나 전기기기등에 단락 또는 과부하가 유기되면 이를 신속히 감지부(4) 또는 과전류센서(5)가 감지하여 이를 비교부(2)로 입력시키고, 이 입력전압과 비교부(2)에서 기준전압을 비교한후 상기 입력전압이 기준전압보다 높으면 트랜지스터(Q)의 베이스에 바이어스전원을 출력되게 하여 트랜지스터(Q)를 도통시켜 릴레리(RL)가 구동토록 하며, 상기 릴레이(RL)의 구동으로 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A) (B)가 절환되어 부하(Load)측 전원을 차단시키고, 부하(Load)측에 상기의 원인이 제거되면 비교부(2)와 트랜지스터(Q)를 불통시켜 릴레이(RL)를 구동시키지 못하게 하므로 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A) (B)가 환원되어 부하(Load)측에 정상전원을 공급할 수 있도록 된 것으로, 비교적 간단한 구조로서 작동이 정확하고 고장이 전무하며 사용에 편리함과 높은 안정성을 부여할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, when the short circuit or overload is induced in the indoor wiring or the electrical equipment of the building, the sensing unit 4 or the overcurrent sensor 5 detects it and inputs it to the comparator 2, and the input voltage After comparing the reference voltage with the comparison unit (2), if the input voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the bias power is output to the base of the transistor (Q) to conduct the transistor (Q) to drive the Lilly (RL) to drive. When the relay RL is driven, the switch A and the switch B of the opening and closing part 3 are switched to cut off the load side power, and when the cause is removed on the load side, the comparison unit 2 ) And transistor Q are not allowed to drive the relay RL so that switch A and switch B of the switch 3 are reduced to supply normal power to the load side. As a structure, the operation is accurate and there is no breakdown and use There is an effect that can give convenience and high stability to.

Claims (2)

양인입선(L1) (L2)간에 정류부(1)를 설치하여, 비교부(2)의 비교기(IC2)(IC3)에 기준전압을 인가토록 하고, 양인입선(L1) (L2)과 부하(Load) 측간에 설치된 개폐부(3)의 개폐기(A) (B)는 감지부(4)의 등가저항(R6)의 검출전압에 따라 구동되는 릴레이(RL)에 의하여 전환토록한 전기자동개폐회로.A rectifier 1 is provided between the two leading wires L 1 and L 2 to apply a reference voltage to the comparator IC 2 and the IC 3 of the comparator 2 , and the two leading wires L 1 and L 2 . 2 ) The switch A and the switch B of the switch 3 installed between the load side and the load side are switched by a relay RL driven according to the detection voltage of the equivalent resistance R 6 of the detector 4. One electric automatic switching circuit. 제1항에 있어서, 정류부(1)의 출력을 분압시켜 비교부(2)의 비교기(IC2)(IC3)에 기준전압을 인가케한 분압저항(R1-R4)과, 트랜지스터(Q) 에미터측과 다이오드(D1)간에 접속된 콘덴서(C1)에 의하여 지연회로가 구성되도록 한 전기자동개폐회로.The voltage divider R 1 -R 4 according to claim 1, wherein the output of the rectifying unit 1 is divided to allow a reference voltage to be applied to the comparator IC 2 (IC 3 ) of the comparator 2 . Q) An electric automatic switching circuit having a delay circuit constituted by a capacitor C 1 connected between the emitter side and the diode D 1 .
KR2019870016334U 1987-09-25 1987-09-25 Over current protective circuit KR910006948Y1 (en)

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