KR890001334Y1 - Switches - Google Patents

Abstract

No content.

Description

Dog lung

1 through 3 are cross-sectional views of a conventional circuit breaker showing different operating states.

4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which arc has occurred between contacts.

5 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which arc has occurred between the contacts in the container.

6 is a perspective view showing an inorganic high porous material.

7 is a partial enlarged view of FIG.

8 is a curve diagram showing the change in pressure in a vessel with respect to porosity when an arc is generated.

9 is a partially cutaway side view of the circuit breaker according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a perspective view of a main portion.

11 is a perspective view of a main portion according to the second embodiment.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

3: container 4, 7: electrical contactor

5, 8: conductor 6, 9: contact

35: light absorber 36: heat absorber

37: opening A: arc

In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

The present invention relates to pressure control in a container of a switchgear.

Moreover, in the case of the switch which is produced in the present invention, it refers to the occurrence of arc in a container such as a circuit breaker, a current limiter, an electronic switch, and usually a small container.

The circuit breaker will be described below as an example.

1 through 3 are cross-sectional views showing a conventional circuit breaker and showing different operating states. (1) is a cover, (2) is a base, and the container 3 is comprised from the cover 1 and the base 2. As shown in FIG. (4) is a fixed contact and has a fixed contact 6 at one end of the fixed conductor 5, and the other end is a terminal portion so as to be connected to an external conductor (not shown).

(7) has a movable contact (9) opposite the fixed contact (6) at one end of the movable conductor (8) as a movable contactor. 10, a movable contactor device. 11 is fixed to the crossbar 12 as a movable part, and it was comprised so that each pole may open and close.

(13) was formed by a plurality of anti-fogging plates (14) and side plates (15) supporting both sides thereof as the anti-fogging chamber. Numeral 16 is a toggle link mechanism composed of an upper link 17 and a lower link 18.

One end of the upper link 17 is connected by the shaft 20, 21, respectively. Furthermore, the other end of the lower link 18 is connected to the movable member 11 of the movable contactor device 10. Reference numeral 22 denotes an airway type operation handle, and 23 denotes an operation spring, which is provided between the shaft 21 of the toggle link mechanism 16 and the operation handle 22. 24 and 25 respectively rotate the trip bar 28 counterclockwise by the bimetal 26 and the movable iron core 27 when operating as the thermal and electronic trip mechanisms, respectively.

Reference numeral 29 is a latch at which one end is engaged with the trip bar 28 and the other end is engaged with the cradle 19. When the cradle 19 is latched on the latch 29 and the operation handle 22 is brought down to the closed position, the toggle link mechanism 16 is extended so that the shaft 21 is locked to the cradle 19 so that the movable contact 9 ) Is bonded to the stationary contact (6). This state is FIG.

Subsequently, when the operation handle 22 is dropped to the open position, the toggle link mechanism 16 is bent to open the movable contact 9 at the fixed contact 6 so that the movable member 11 is locked to the cradle shaft 30. This state is the second degree.

In addition, when an overcurrent flows in the circuit in the closed state shown in FIG. 1, the thermal trip mechanism 24 or the electronic trip mechanism 25 is operated to release the cradle 19 and the latch 29 from each other. The cradle 19 is rotated clockwise about 30, and locked to the stopper shaft 31. At this time, since the connection point of the cradle 19 and the upper link 17 is carried over the line of operation of the operating spring 23, the toggle link mechanism 16 is bent by the elasticity of the operating spring 23, so that the crossbar 12 Each pole is interlocked and shut off. This state is the third degree.

The following describes the arc that occurs when the circuit breaker cuts off the current.

In the case where the movable contact 9 and the fixed contact 6 are in contact with each other, the electric power is supplied from the power supply side to the load side via the high conductor 8 sequentially.

In this state, when a large current such as a short circuit current flows through this circuit, the movable contact 9 is opened at the fixed contact 6 as described above. At this time, arc (3rd degree | times) A generate | occur | produces between the said fixed and movable contacts 6 and 9, and an arc voltage generate | occur | produces between the fixed and movable contacts 6 and 9. This arc voltage rises as the opening distance of the movable contact 9 increases from the stationary contact point 6, and at the same time, the arc expands because it is pulled by the magnetic force in the direction of the sub-plate 14, and further rises. .

In this way, the arc current becomes the current zero, extinguishes the arc, and the interruption is completed. However, the enormous arc energy injected eventually becomes a form of thermal energy and escapes completely out of the vessel, but transiently raises the gas pressure by raising the temperature of the gas in the limited vessel.

This may cause a power short circuit accident or breakdown of the circuit breaker main body due to insulation deterioration inside the circuit breaker, increase in discharge flame outside the circuit breaker, and the like.

Next, the mechanism of the energy consumption of the arc which devised this invention was explained in full detail. 4 is a view showing that arc A is generated between the contacts 4 and 7. As shown in FIG.

In the figure, T denotes the flow of thermal energy transmitted to the contactor in the arc A and escapes, m denotes the energy flow of the metal particles that escape from the arc space, and R denotes the flow of energy due to the light lost in the arc arc space. will be.

In FIG. 4, the energy injected into the arc A is usually consumed by the three flows T, m, and R described above.

Among them, the nitric acid T of the contact is minute and the energy of the placenta is exhausted by m and R. In the conventional energy consumption mechanism of arc A, m is overwhelming and the energy of R has been almost ignored. However, according to a recent study by the inventors, energy of R, that is, energy consumption by light is injected into arc A. The enormous amount of about 70% of the energy used has been elucidated.

That is, the consumption of energy injected into the arc can be interpreted as follows.

However, PW: Instant injection energy V: Arc voltage I: Current VI: Instant energy injected into arc PK: Instant energy consumption by metal particles Instantaneous energy consumption when metal particles diverge at speed V m.CP.T: Instantaneous energy consumption when gas (metal particles gas) of constant pressure specific heat Cp is diverted at temperature T

The above consumption varies depending on the contact formation and the arc length, but for 10-20 mm arc, PK = 10-20%, Pth = 5% and PR = 75-85%, respectively. The situation at the time of closing arc A to the container 3 is the same as that of FIG.

When the arc A is closed to the container 3, the air in the container 3 is filled with metal particles and is in a high temperature state.

In particular, the above-mentioned state is strong in the surrounding gas space Q (the diagonal display space Q in the drawing) of the arc yangju A. Light generated in arc A is emitted from arc wine column A, and is irradiated and reflected on the wall of the container 3. The reflected light is scattered, passes through the high-temperature space filled with metal particles, and is irradiated to the wall surface again.

This process is repeated until the amount of light reaches zero. The path of light between them is indicated by Ra → Rb → Rc → Rd in the figure.

In the above process, the light consumption emitted from arc A is two points below.

(1) wall absorption

(2) Absorption by arc space and ambient (hot) gas space, ie by gas space

In addition, the light emitted from Arc A became a continuous speck and a sun spectrodol in all wavelength ranges from 2000 A ° or less to far infrared rays of 1 μm or more.

In general, the wall surface of the container is only capable of absorbing light in the range of about 4000A ° -5500A ° even when the surface is black, and absorbs a part of the other range and is almost reflected.

However, absorption in the arc space and the surrounding high temperature gas space is as follows. The amount of light absorbed by the gas space can be estimated as follows when the light of the wave lambda is irradiated to the gas space having a constant composition and temperature of length L.

la = Ae n Llin. … … … … (One)

la: Absorption energy by gas Ae: Absorption probability lin: Light energy to be irradiated n: Particle density L: Light soil length through which light passes

Equation (1) shows the absorbed energy amount for a specific wavelength λ. A is the absorption probability for a particular wavelength λ and is a function of the wavelength λ, the gas temperature and the type of particle.

According to Equation (1), the quantum mechanical coefficient indicates that the absorption coefficient A has the largest value of the light source gas that emits light continuously and the sun spectroscopically (ie, the same kind of particles and the same temperature).

That is, the light emitted from the arc space is absorbed most in the arc space and the surrounding gas space. In equation (1), the amount of absorbed energy la is proportional to the optical path length L. As shown in FIG. 5, when the light in the arc space is reflected from the wall, L in the equation increases by the number of times of reflection, thereby increasing the amount of light energy absorbed by the high temperature portion of the arc space.

This means that the energy of light emitted by arc A is eventually absorbed by the gas in the container 3, whereby the temperature of the gas rises and the pressure of the gas rises.

Therefore, as a premise of the present invention, since the light absorbs about 70% of the energy injected into the arc effectively, the specific material is used, and the light that arc emits at a specific position receiving the light energy of the arc in the container of the switchgear. By selectively arranging one or two or more kinds of composites of fibers, nets, and porous materials having a porosity of 35% or more, which absorbs light efficiently, a large amount of light in the container is absorbed to lower the temperature of the gas space to lower the pressure.

Generally, the above-mentioned fiber is selected from inorganic, organic, inorganic and organic composites, metals, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics, but thermal strength is required because it is installed in a space exposed to hot arc.

In addition, as the net, an inorganic, organic, inorganic and organic composite material, a metal, etc., in addition to the lamination of a thin wire network in multiple layers, and the choice of a single wire and the like. In the case of this network, it is required to have thermal strength.

Among the materials of the fiber and the net, inorganic, ceramics, carbon, asbestos, etc. are optimally suited, and Fe and Cu are optimally suited as metals.

It is also possible to apply it to An, Ni and the like. Porous material is generally a material having many pores in a solid structure, and it exists in a wide range of materials such as metal, inorganic material, and organic material, and is sintered and solidified at the contact point of one solid particle in relation to the material and pores. The other is that the pores are the main body, and the partition walls forming the pores are distinguished from those of the solid material.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the material refers to the raw material before processing the shape regardless of the shape. Subdivided again, the gap between particles can be classified into pores, the gap between particles and pores in the particles coexist, and foamed pores included therein.

It can also be distinguished from the fact that there is breathability, water permeability, and the pores are independent and not breathable inside. Since the shape of the pores is very complex, they are roughly classified into open and closed pores, and are expressed in terms of their structural pore volume or porosity, pore diameter and fine diameter distribution, and specific surface area.

The porosity is the ratio of all pore volumes between open and closed pores contained in the porous material in terms of the pore ratio, i.e., percentage to the exclusive volume (volume volume) of the material.The true porosity is measured by liquid or gas. Although it is based on a substitution method, an absorption method, etc., as a simple method, it calculates as follows, as defined by the measuring method of specific gravity and porosity of the fire-resistant insulation lead of JISR 2614.

In addition, the volume ratio of the opening is expressed as the porosity ratio, i.e., as a percentage of the total area of the material (volume solution), and is referred to as the apparent porosity.As defined in JISR 2205 Refractory Lead, the apparent porosity, absorption and specific gravity, Is calculated.

Furthermore, the apparent porosity is also called the effective porosity.

The pore diameter is obtained from measurements of pore volume and specific surface area, but it is distributed from several A to several mm from the approximate size of atoms or ions to the interfacial gap of the particle stage, but is generally defined as the average value of the distribution.

In a porous material, the shape, size and pore size of the pores can be measured by a microscope method or a mercury intrusion method.

In general, it is preferable to use a microscope to accurately know the shape and distribution of complex pores. In the measurement of specific surface area, the BET method obtained by using an adsorption isotherm at various temperatures of various adsorption gaseous materials is used a lot, and in particular, nitrogen gas is used a lot.

Next, the absorption of light energy by a specific material, which is the premise of the present invention, and the shape of the pressure drop of the gas by the specific material will be described using an inorganic porous material as an example.

6 is a perspective view showing an inorganic high porous material. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. (33) is an inorganic high porous material in the same drawing. (34) shows the openings opened on the inorganic surface. The pore diameter of the opening 34 indicates the distribution of large and small amounts from several μ to several mm.

When light enters the aperture 34 when light enters the porous material 33 as indicated by the R mark in FIG. 7, the light abuts and reflects on the wall of the inorganic material and is multi-reflected in the interior of the pore. 100% will be absorbed by the wall.

That is, light incident on the opening 34 is absorbed directly by the surface of the inorganic material and becomes heat in the pores.

FIG. 8 shows the curve of pressure change in the model container when the inorganic high porosity material is put into the model container when the apparent porosity of the inorganic high porosity material is changed.

In Fig. 8, the abscissa axis is the apparent porosity, and the ordinate axis is normalized to a pressure of 1 when the inner wall of the container is made of metal such as Cu, Fe, and Al. As an experimental condition, an Agw contact was placed in a 10 mm fixed gap in a sealed container of a 10 cm cube on one side, and an arc of sinusoidal current of peak 10KA was generated 8 ms (mm), and the pressure in the vessel generated by the energy at this time was measured. Doing.

The inorganic high porous material used in the above embodiment is a porous ceramic made by sintering and sintering a porcelain material made of Kojilite by adding a flammable or foaming agent, etc., and having an average pore size in the range of 10-300 µ, the apparent material of the porous material. Porosity 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, using various samples of 50mm × 50mm × 4mm and placing them on the container wall 50% of the surface area of the inner surface of the container was covered. As the pore diameter, there is a problem of an average pore diameter of a degree slightly exceeding the wavelength region of light to be absorbed, and the proportion occupied by the pore, that is, the somewhat specific surface area of the pore.

In addition, the deep pore is effective in absorbing light in pores, and communicating pores are preferred.

The light emitted by arc A in the switchgear is distributed in the hundreds of A ° -10000A ° (1 μm), so that it is slightly above this, that is, an average pore diameter of several thousand A °-several 1000 μm, and the area occupied by the ball on the surface is suitable. A highly porous material with an apparent porosity of 35% or more is suitable for absorbing light emitted by Arc A.

In particular, the upper limit of the pore is in the range of 1000 µm or less, and the larger the specific surface area of the pores, the more effective. As an experiment, it was confirmed that good absorption characteristics were displayed with respect to light generated in the arc at an average pore diameter of 5 µ-1 mm.

In addition, the material was glass, and the average pore diameter was 5 mu and 20 mu, and good light absorption was observed for the arc-generated light.

As can be seen from the characteristic curve a of FIG. 8, the porosity of the inorganic high porous material absorbs light energy and lowers the pressure inside the switch, which increases with the apparent porosity of the porous material, and the porosity is 35%. As mentioned above, it became remarkable and the effect was confirmed in the range up to 85%.

If the porosity is further increased, it is necessary to correspond by further increasing the thickness of the highly porous material. However, in the relationship between the apparent porosity and the mechanical strength of the porous material, when the porosity becomes large, it becomes weak or degrades thermal conductivity, and is easily melted by high heat, and when the porosity is small, the pressure reduction effect in the switch is thin.

Therefore, in practice, a porous material having an apparent porosity of 40-70% is most suitable.

The characteristic tendency of FIG. 8 can be talked about the overall inorganic porous material, which can be estimated from the above description of light absorption.

In the conventional switchgear, inorganic materials are used, but its purpose is to protect the organic container from anarch, and its characteristics are arc resistance, service life, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and insulation carbonization measures. The satisfying inorganic material is necessarily composed of densification tendency and serves different purposes, and its apparent porosity is around 20%.

The inorganic material is inorganic, metal, organic, etc., but the inorganic material is an insulator and is characterized by a high melting point material. These two properties are most suitable as pressure suppressing materials because they are suitable as a material to be installed inside the switchgear container and are electrically insulated, have a low adverse effect on the interruption, and are difficult to melt or release gas even when exposed to high temperatures.

Inorganic porous materials include porous ceramics, refractory materials, glass, hardened cement, etc., all of which are used for reducing the gas pressure in the switch.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

9 is a partially cutaway side view of the circuit breaker according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the main portion.

In these figures, 4 is a fixed contact, and the movable contact 9 which contacts the fixed contact 6 is fixed to the lower surface of the front end of the movable conductor 8.

(35) and (35) are two times one set of light absorbers and are selected from inorganic, organic, inorganic and organic composites, and include one or two or more composites of fiber, net and porous materials with an apparent porosity of 35% or more. Configured.

The light absorbers 35 and 35 are generated when the movable contact 7 is opened from the fixed contact 4. The arcs A between the movable contact 9 and the stationary contact 6 are arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the arc A from both sides.

Reference numeral 36 is an L-shaped heat absorber and is disposed so as to face the upper opening 37a and the rear opening 37b between the opposing surfaces of the light absorbers 35 and 35 except for the moving track portion of the movable contact 7. It is.

The heat absorber 36 is made of one or two or more kinds of composites of metal fine wires made of metals or alloys such as copper, iron, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, and the like, porous metals, and metal plates having many pores. Configured.

The rest of the configuration is the same as the conventional one, and the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the operation of the configuration will be described. When the movable contact 7 is opened at the fixed contact 4, arc A is generated between the movable contact 9 and the fixed contact 6. Since the light absorbers 35 and 35 are located closest to the arc A, since the solid angle of receiving the energy of the light emitted by the arc A is very large even in the case of contact side installation, the light absorber 35 and 35 absorb the energy of the light that is a pressure source. The effect is very good, and the internal pressure of the container at the time of blocking is significantly reduced.

As a result, there is no damage to the mold container at the time of breaking, which is easy to occur in the past, so that the mechanical strength of the container 3 including the cover 1 and the base 2 can be reduced, thereby forming the cover 1 and the base 2. Significantly reduce the amount of mold material to be used, or the production cost of the cover (1) and the base (2) can be reduced by using a cheap grade material having low mechanical strength as the material of the cover (1) and the base (2). will be.

In addition, the arc discharge spark amount of the container 3 is reduced at the time of interruption by the lowering of the internal pressure of the container, thereby preventing secondary loads such as a short circuit accident on the power supply side at the time of current interruption. The arc A is sandwiched by the light absorbers 35 and 35 on both sides, so that the megs between the power load caused by the melt evaporation of the metal near the arc A and the insulation of the arc A and the phase between the phases Ohm deterioration is prevented to improve safety and reliability.

Since the heat absorber 36 is disposed to face the openings 37a and 37b between the light absorbers 35 and 35 as described above, the contact 6 discharged toward the openings 37a and 37b. The melts of (9) and conductors (5) (8) adhere to the heat absorber (36), and the megohm between the contacts after the interruption and between the phases is improved.

In addition, since the heat absorber 36 acts on the hot gas after passing through the light absorbers 35 and 35, it is difficult to form the root of arc A directly on the heat absorber 36, and the disadvantages caused by the formation of the arc of arc That is, there is no drop in arc voltage and megohm due to melt-breaking of the heat absorber 36, and the light absorbers 35 and 35 are not absorbed by the heat absorber 36 having a large surface area having high thermal conductivity. Absorption of light energy and replenishment of thermal energy will have the effect of promoting the drop in pressure inside the container.

11 is a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows that the heat absorber 36 is provided only on the back surface between the light absorbers 35 and 35.

Furthermore, when the inorganic porous material mainly composed of magnesia or zirconia is used as the material of the light absorbers 35 and 35, the surface of the light absorber is crystallized without vitrification even if it is directly heated to the arc. It is possible to obtain good blocking performance without deteriorating megohms.

Furthermore, when the surface of the inorganic porous material is cured by heat treatment or an organic compound is suitably combined with the inorganic porous material, the light absorber 35, 35 of the light absorber 35 may be affected by the vibration impact of the switch without causing a great obstacle to the pressure-lowering effect. It can prevent powder extraction.

As can be seen from the above description, according to the inventive switch, the light absorber and the heat absorber are installed to effectively lower the internal pressure, thereby increasing safety and reliability, and praying for cost down.

Claims (3)

Consists of a conductor and a contact fixed to the conductor, the light having a mutually opposing surface so as to sandwich the at least one pair of electrical contacts (4) (7) (7) and the arc that occurs during opening between the contacts on both sides. An absorber 35 and a heat absorber 36 disposed to face the opening between the opposing surfaces of the light absorber 35 except for the motion traces of the electromagnetic contacts 4, 7, and the like. The absorber 35 is selected from inorganic, organic, and inorganic and organic composites, and is composed of one or two or more composites of fiber, net, and porous material having an apparent porosity of 35% or more, and the heat absorber 36 is made of metal. Switchgear composed of one or two or more composites of thin wire composites, porous metals, and metal plates with many pores. The switchgear according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the light absorber (35) is cured by heat treatment. The switch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light absorber (35) is formed mainly of magnesia or zirconia.