KR880002445B1 - Steam heating method - Google Patents

Abstract

In a low temperature water heating system, steam goes through a pipe line to indirect heat exchagers in a builing. The heat exchangers have an automatic controller for controlling the steam supplied. The steam exchanges heat with heating water in the heat exchanger, and then it is condensed and is mixed with the heating water. The heating water circulates through the building by a pump for heating. A portion of the heating water from the system is transported to central heat supplying room through a condensed water pipe for use as boiler supply water.

Description

Low temperature water heating method using steam

1 is a piping system diagram of an embodiment illustrating a system according to the heating method of the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment in which the embodiment of FIG. 1 is modified.

3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which a heat exchanger, a pump and a heating water header are formed in one unit to be suitable for use in the system according to the invention.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example in which a steam supplier valve is provided in a steam supply pipe in a view of a unit similar to the embodiment of FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

12: steam supply piping 13: steam supply piping

14: condensate pipe 15: condensate pipe

20: heat exchanger 21: condensate piping

22: heating water pipe 23: heat exchange coil

24: heating water pipe 25: heating water header

26: heating water pipe 27: radiator

28: heating water pipe 29: heating water header

30: heating water circulation pump 31: hot water heating water circulation pump

32: hot water supply tank 33,34: heating water pipe

36: bypass piping 37: bypass valve

38: steam trap 39: valve

41: pressure reducing valve 42,42 ': flow meter

45: heating water tank 47: temperature sensor

48: temperature control valve 55: check valve

57: relief valve 62: insulation

The present invention relates to a central heat supply type heating method, in particular, a central heat supply type low temperature water heating method for heating by low temperature heating water after heating the heating water by supplying steam.

Conventional techniques using such heating methods are commonly seen in large unit apartment heating or large buildings, such as in a group heat supply system. Usually, steam is generated in a large steam boiler in a central heat supply room, and then near each building or building. Steam is sent to an underground heat exchanger located in the basement of the building, which heats the heating water of the heating system for heating the apartment or building. The heated heating water is circulated by a large heating water circulation pump to heat the apartment or building. At this time, the heating water circulating in the above-described heating system is circulated throughout the apartment building or the whole building.

In other words, when the apartment is described as an example, after exiting the heat exchanger, it goes through the apartment underground transverse pipeline, apartment winning pipeline, heating pipes of each household, and then goes through the apartment winning pipeline, apartment underground transverse pipeline, and then returns to the heat exchanger through the circulation pump. It has a circulation system.

The conventional heating system thus constructed has many drawbacks as follows.

First, since the separation of the condensate is mainly carried out by the steam trap when heat-exchanging the above-mentioned low temperature water heating system and steam, the heat loss due to the re-evaporation of the condensed water that has passed through the steam trap to fly into the steam. In the case of high-rise buildings, the head pressure received by the basement is much higher than the vapor pressure because the heat exchange chamber is underground, so the direct contact heat exchanger cannot be used. Also, this condensate, which is used as boiler feed water in the central heat supply chamber, tends to be lowered as much as possible to help the pump run because it must be returned to the central heat supply chamber by the pump. Therefore, the heat loss becomes more.

Second, in the low temperature water heating system circulated throughout the apartment building, the heating water circulation pump is installed in the middle heat exchange room located in the basement to supply the heating water to the entire system, so the heating imbalance between the upper and lower floors and the heating water supply for each household. Problems such as imbalance appear. Many attempts have been made to resolve this heating imbalance, and the attempt continues to this day.

The method known to date is to install a temperature control valve in each generation branch pipe of the apartment heating system, and the flow rate of the heating water flowing into the household by the temperature sensor (room thermostat) installed in the living room or the room of each generation. There is a way to eliminate the heating imbalance by letting the control. The installation of this temperature control valve is also intended to contribute to efficient heat use.

However, this attempt was ineffective for a variety of reasons, such as fever hepatic supply. Relief of heating imbalance by the installation of temperature control valves is effective only when the heating circulation pump is continuously operated for 24 hours. However, such continuous operation is almost impossible due to the enormous increase in the heating water circulation cost for heating. Another method known to date is to divide the heating system of the apartment into upper and lower parts or upper and lower parts, middle and lower parts, etc. into two or three circulation systems and separately install a circulation pump for each circulation part. This method contributed in part to solving the heating balance of the upper and lower floors. However, there is a drawback that the construction cost of heating equipment is increased due to the complicated piping method and the large number of piping. This method is also not a perfect solution.

Third, since the heating water of the low temperature water heating system circulates the entire building by a circulation pump located in the basement, the heating water circulation power is extremely high. In general, a low temperature water heating system that heats about 4,000 pyeong of floor space requires circulating power of 2040 Kw / Hr. Therefore, when the pump is continuously operated, power consumption is severe.

Forth, when the above method is used in a high-rise apartment or building, the head of the apartment or building is subjected to extreme head pressure, which limits the selection of piping materials. That is, thin piping materials and synthetic resin materials cannot be used.

Fifthly, when these systems are applied to apartment heating, there are many difficulties in supplying collective energy because there are many facilities and powers commonly used by apartment coins and measurement of calories used by each household is difficult.

Therefore, the first object of the present invention is to provide a central heating supply heating method in which the building is heated in a low temperature water heating system, but the problem of moth imbalance is raised.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a central heat supply type heating method which is more thermally efficient and energy-saving than conventional heating methods.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a central heat supply heating method that can be most effectively supplied heat in response to a local load.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a centrally heated heating method in which a minimum cost is required for the operation and maintenance of the system, i.e., a large amount of energy is not required for circulation of the heating water.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a central heat supply cryogenic heating method in which the heat supply of the system is basically supplied only as much as is consumed in each part of the building, so that the heat is supplied and consumed most efficiently.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a central heat supply type low temperature water heating method in which heat consumed in each part of a building can be continued in a simple manner.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a central heat supply heating method in which local thermal storage of heat and local consumption of stored heat may optionally be made.

Yet another object of the present invention is to make it easy to apply to existing buildings in carrying out the method of the present invention.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the heating cost and shortening the construction period of the heating facility in the present invention.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a central heat supply room heating method that can use a relatively low-cost and low-cost materials such as synthetic resin in the low-temperature heating water heating pipe of the heating system.

The above objects of the present invention are easily achieved by the features of the central heat supply room heating method of the present invention.

The present invention will now be described.

In the central heating heating system of the present invention, the steam supplied from the central heat supply chamber is directly supplied to the low temperature water heating systems provided in each part of the building or each generation of the apartment, and the supplied steam is supplied to the low temperature heating water heating described above. It is characterized in that the low temperature heating water for heating is heated through a small heat exchanger of an indirect-heat exchange method having an automatic steam supply control device in the system and then mixed in the low temperature heating water. The heating water, which is overflowed from the low temperature heating water system by condensate of steam into the heating water in the heating system, is returned to the central heat supply room for use as boiler feed water.

Another feature of the heating method of the central heat supply room of the present invention is that the pump for circulating the heating water of the low temperature heating water system provided in each generation can be controlled by the room thermostat installed in each generation. Therefore, it has the advantages of the conventional central heating method and local heating method. At the same time, the shortcomings of the conventional central heating method and local heating method are solved together.

In the foregoing and subsequent descriptions and claims, the term " indirect-heat exchange method " is used as opposed to a direct-contact or radix mixture heat exchange method. Means a heat exchanger with a heat transfer medium, such as a coil or metal plate, between the fluids, and the term "parts of the building" refers mainly to each generation of the apartment, having approximately the same area as one generation of the apartment First, it means to define together the local parts of the building having an area of less than that.

The above advantages and objects of the present invention can be achieved in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the heating system according to the present invention comprises a steam boiler for supplying steam in a central heat supply chamber (not shown) and a heat exchanger located at each generation. Steam supply pipes (12) and (13), which are connected to the steam boilers of the building, and a small heat exchanger (20) which function to exchange heat of constant pressure supplied to each part of the building with heating water circulating in each part of the building (20). ), A condensate pipe 21 for supplying condensate generated by heat exchange in the heat exchanger to the heating water, a heating water circulation pump 30 for circulating the heating water, and a radiator for heating while the heated heating water passes through ( Or a heating water pipe (22) (24) (26) (28) forming a circulation loop (27), the radiator 27 and the heating water circulation pump (30) and a heat exchanger. To the heating water pipe (22) entering the heat exchanger The condensate pipe 14 is connected to the condensate pipe 15 so that the heating water flowed out through the condensate pipe 14 and the pipe 14 so that the heating water as much as the condensate separated from the heat exchanger flows into the condensate pipe 15. Condensate pipe 15 to return to the condensate tank and the condensate tank (not shown) and the boiler feed water pump (not shown) to constitute the entire system.

The operation of the heating system configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the steam supplied to the steam boiler (not shown) of the central heat supply chamber is transferred to the building through the steam supply pipes 12 and 13. Directly supplied to each part or each household, steam supplied to each part of the building enters the heat exchanger 20 through the steam supply pipe 13 and then the heating water in the coil 23 in the heat exchanger 20. Heats the heating water by heat exchange with and then condenses and accumulates under the heat exchanger and condensate accumulated under the heat exchanger is separated by the steam tram 38 (i.e., because the steam trap passes only the condensate and does not pass the steam, An example of controlling the steam supply using a steam trap in a steam supply device is easily seen in the art.), Which is injected into the heating drain pipe 22 through the pipe 21, Through me Woman becomes the honhip to be heated flowing. Therefore, in the system of the present invention, the heating water in the household heating circulation pipe exists in a mixed state of condensate water and heating water.

When condensed water is introduced into the heating drain pipe 22 via the pipe 21, the pressure in the heat exchanger 20 (pressure equal to or slightly less than the supply steam pressure) and the pressure in the heating drain 22 (typically equal to atmospheric pressure) Or slightly higher pressure), the condensed water is re-evaporated to generate steam, but is brought into contact with the heating water returned through the radiator (or heating coil) 27.

As a result, as the hot condensate after the heat exchange is mixed with the heating water, the heat of the condensate is completely sucked into the heating water and the thermal efficiency is increased.

The heating water heated while passing through the heat exchanger coil 23 is supplied to the radiator or heating coil 27 of each part of the building or each room via the heating water header 25. After heating each room through the radiators (or coils) of these rooms, the cooled heating water is collected in the heating water header 29 and sucked into the inlet of the heating water circulation pump 30 through the heating drain pipe 22. . At this time, the cooling water as much as the amount of condensed water injected into the heating drain pipe 22 is discharged to the pipe 15 through the condensate pipe 14, and the discharged heating water is used as the water supply of the boiler so that the central heat supply room can be used. It is sent to the condensate tank of the boiler located in. (The amount of this heating water is equal to the amount of steam condensate and the same as the role of condensate in the conventional steam equipment heating system. In this specification, this is referred to as condensate, and the pipe through which the heating water flows is described as a condensate pipe.)

Among the components of the present invention, the small heat exchanger 20 is a heat exchanger of "indirect heat exchange" and is designed according to a conventional design scheme.

In the present invention, the heat exchanger has a small heat exchange capacity of about 10,000 Kcal / Hr-30,000 Kcal / Hr, and thus the amount of condensate discharged here is generally a small amount of 20-60 liters / Hr. As a result, the pipe diameter for discharging this small amount of condensate can be as small as 2-6 mm in diameter. The steam supply control device of the heat exchanger used in the present invention includes a temperature control valve (solenoid valve) installed in the heat exchanger steam supply pipe and a temperature control valve (solenoid valve) or steam traps installed in the condensate discharge pipe of the heat exchanger. Use more than one.

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the supply control of the steam supplied to the heat exchanger can be controlled in the steam supply pipe and the supply of steam can be prevented by blocking the condensate discharged from the condensate discharge pipe of the heat exchanger. Therefore, the term "steam supply control device" in the present invention should be understood to include all of them.

The heating water circulation pump 30 used in the embodiment of the present invention is a normal household heating water circulation pump, the size of which usually consumes less than 80W. The heating water circulation pump is equipped with a room thermostat installed in each part of the building or in each living room or room of each household, and the temperature of each part living room or room is set at a predetermined predetermined temperature (typically 5-30 ° C). If below, it is wired to start the pump. The heating water circulation pump for circulating the heating water is known for this wiring method between the room and the thermostat.

In addition, among the components of the embodiment of FIG. 2 according to the present invention, a temperature control valve (for example, a solenoid valve) is mounted at the position of the pipe 13 instead of the steam trap 38 or the heating water pipe 22. The temperature sensor 47 is installed in one part to open the temperature control valve only when the heating water drops below a certain temperature (typically between 40-70 ° heating water), and discharges condensate into the heating water circulation system so that the steam exchanges heat. It may be made to be supplied into the dog. In addition, the steam supply pipe side may be equipped with a limit switch that acts only electrically through a predetermined set pressure or more, the switch may be to operate the heating water circulation pump 30 and the temperature control valve. The advantage of this wiring is that if the steam is intermittently supplied, the steam is not supplied, preventing the pump and temperature control from working unnecessarily.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a case where a plurality of very small heating water circulation pumps 30 are connected to one heat exchanger is configured to configure a heating water circulation system. In this case, when the temperature control of each room generally needs to be different. Each pump has its own room-thermostat. No heating head was used here.

2 is an embodiment in which the heating drain pipe 24 from the heat exchanger passes through the heating water storage tank 45 and is connected to the radiator via the heating water header. The heating water circulation tank has a heating water storage tank. There is an advantage that the amount of heat storage increases.

The flow meter 42 'mounted on the steam supply pipe 13 measures the amount of steam supplied to each part or each set of the building, and is installed to integrate the amount of steam consumed by each part or each household of the building. The steam flowmeter must be installed after the decompression valve to keep the pressure on the low pressure side constant.

Of course, there is no need to install it when it is not necessary to know the amount of steam consumed in each part or each household.

The flow meter 42 of the condensed water pipe 14 shown in FIG. 2 is used to measure the amount of heating water overflowed from the heating water circulation system, and has the same effect as the steam flow meter installed in the steam supply pipe. Compared with the extremely small amount of over-flowing heating water, the installation of the flowmeter is small. This is because the amount of condensate is proportional to the weight of condensate and the weight of the supply steam, so that the heat of the supply steam is almost proportional to the amount of condensate, so that the calorific value of the supply steam can be calculated by measuring the amount of condensate.

A simple flow meter allows condensate to pass through so that the heat used by each part or each generation of the building can be measured as a result of the characteristic construction of the present invention.

The hot water heating water circulation pump 31 installed on the pipe 34 is controlled by a temperature sensor installed in the hot water tank 32, and the control of the pump is operated only when the temperature in the hot water tank 32 is lower than a predetermined temperature. Heat the heating water to heat the hot water.

Reference numeral 37 in the figure denotes a bypass valve that allows a part of the heating water to be bypassed without passing through the heat exchanger. This valve is used to regulate the temperature of the heating water. That is, when the valve 37 is closed, the temperature of the heating water rises, and when the valve 37 is opened, the temperature of the heating water decreases. This valve may or may not be normally locked or installed. The check valve 55 serves to prevent the heating water for heating from flowing back to the pipe 14. Such check valves are conventional in piping involving pumps.

Reference numeral 57 may be provided as a relief valve so as to maintain a constant pressure in each part of the building or the heating water circulation system in each household. If the condensate is raised to a certain height (eg about 0.5-2M) above the piping in the heating water circulation system, this relief valve will not be installed.

3 and 4 show an embodiment of a device that makes the implementation of the present invention extremely easy, all of which include a heat exchanger 20 having a steam supply control device, a heating water circulation pump 30, and heating. The number of heating water headers 25 and 29 is put into one box 50 to make one unit.

In these figures, the heat exchanger 20 is installed in the upper part of the box 60, the heating water header 25, 29 is installed in the lower part, and the heating water circulation pump 30 is installed in the middle. The connecting piping between them is referred to FIG. 3 so that the outlet of the heating water circulation pump 30 enters the heating water inlet of the heat exchange coil 23 located below the heat exchanger 20, and the heat exchange coil 23 The upper heating outlet of the () is connected to the heating water header 25 and the inlet of the heating water circulation pump 30 is connected to the heating header. The heating water headers 25 and 29 are attached with a number of suitable piping parts (eg, couplings) so that the heating drainage valves 26 and 28 can be connected. In this heat exchanger, the steam supply pipe 13 protrudes out of the box to be connected to the external steam supply pipe, and the lower part of the heat exchanger is heated by the condensate pipe 21 so that the condensed water is discharged. And condensate install a steam trap 38 on the pipe 21 to prevent steam from entering the heating water pipe 22. The bypass pipe 36 is connected between the heating drain pipe 22 and the heating water pipe 24, and a bypass valve 37 is provided. The condensed water pipe 14 is provided in the pipe between the suction port of the pump and the heating water header 29. All equipment except the motor of the pump is insulated with insulation.

In the unit shown in FIG. 4, the condensate is provided with a temperature control valve 48 in the steam supply pipe 13 without installing a steam trap in the pipe 21, and this temperature control valve is provided by the temperature sensor 47. As an example in which the device is operated according to the temperature of the heating water, only this part is different from the unit of FIG. The temperature sensor 47 operates the temperature control valve 48 so that the heating water temperature is normally maintained between 40 and 70 degrees. Such an arrangement is known.

In the above, the heating water circulation pump 30 is operated by a temperature sensor (room thermostat) as described above, and the temperature sensor is a suitable position of each part of a building or each part of each household, living room, or a room. Is installed on. Of course, the pump may be operated in a temperature proportional or on-off manner.

It is also possible to control by the temperature of heating water.

The present command having the above configuration and action has the following effects.

In the system of the present invention, since steam is supplied directly to each local part of a tycoon or to each generation of an apartment or a multi-family house, the pressure of the building or each generation of the apartment or the whole house of the multi-unit house is almost constant, for example, 1-2. It is possible to be supplied with steam of two resistance pressures of kg / cm. This maintains a constant pressure difference between the pressure in the heating water system and the supply steam pressure in each part of the building, no matter how large the heating zone is in charge of the central boiler room. This results in a supply of. In addition, instead of the condensate returned after the heat exchange in each part of the building or each household, the boiler sends 40 ° -60 ° C of constant temperature heating water to the boiler, which is a re-evaporation phenomenon after the steam trap found in the conventional steam heat exchange system. Due to the elimination of heat loss due to the low temperature of the condensate, condensate is less surface heat loss in the pipe, it is extremely advantageous to move the condensate using a pump.

Since the size of the packaged unit as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4 is stored in a volume of about 50 liters or less in practical technology, the volume is extremely small so that the space when installed in each part or each generation of the building Contributes greatly to its efficient use.

In the system of the present invention, the circulation distance is very short since all heating water circulation systems are made only at each local part of each household or building. Therefore, the circulation head of the circulation pump is small according to the pipe resistance, so the circulation power is extremely small. For example, it takes only 10-30% of the standard heating water circulation system, and since the pumps are installed in each part of each household or building, the pump operation can be controlled according to the temperature of each part. Pump circulation power is further reduced.

Inevitably, as a result of the present invention, there is no waste of heat because a system for automatically controlling the supply of heat according to the amount of heat used by each part of the building or each household as needed is made.

As another advantage, the heating system using the system using the present invention does not require an intermediate heat exchanger, and the steam piping only requires two strands of pipes, that is, a steam supply pipe and a condensate pipe, so that many heating devices, such as conventional heating piping systems, are required. This eliminates the need for a large number of plumbing and reduces plumbing space, greatly reducing construction costs in large-scale fires, apartments and apartments, as well as significantly more revenue from heating coils for each part of the building or each generation. Low cost piping materials such as synthetic resin products can be used, which saves the cost of plumbing facilities, and can significantly save the investment in boiler room and intermediate heat exchange room construction. Very economical as the plan is not constrained by the heating system Enemy

In addition, the large heating water storage tank installed at any part of the household heating water circulation system after the heat exchanger outlet has an advantage of solving the heat storage problem of the heating facility, which is a considerable controversy in the home heating equipment.

The present invention having the above-described configuration and operation effect is to achieve an extremely effective heat supply system that prevents waste of heat and achieves efficient heat use, and also to greatly reduce construction and equipment costs, thereby making general construction and housing construction business. It can be used as a very advanced facility.

Embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are shown and described for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, are shown and described for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and limit the scope of the present invention. I will understand that it is not to be repaired. In addition, those skilled in the art can also be carried out by modifying the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention. However, even if the above expert modified the present invention, it should be understood that it is within the scope of the present invention and does not depart from the present invention.

Claims (7)

In the central heat supply type low temperature water heating method for supplying and heating steam, the steam supplied from the central heat supply chamber is placed in each part of the building through the steam supply pipe and is provided to an indirect heat exchanger type heat exchanger having an automatic steam supply control device. Directly supplied, the supplied steam is melted and mixed with the heating water after the heat exchange in the heating circulation system and the heating circulation system circulated by a pump in each part of the building and the heat exchanger, the mixed heating water of the building It is circulated by a heating water circulation pump to heat each part, and a part of the heating water is drawn out and supplied to the condensate pipe, and the extracted heating water is returned to the central heat supply room through the condensate pipe for use as boiler feed water. Low temperature water heating by steam supply. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the withdrawn heating water is fed to a condensate line (14) after passing through a conventional flowmeter (42) for measuring the liquid flow rate. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating water in the heating circulation system passes through the outlet of the heat exchanger (20) and then passes through the heating water storage tank (45) in the form of a conventional storage tank to the radiator (27). . The method according to claim 1, wherein the steam supply control device is a steam trap (38) installed on the condensate line (21) of the heat exchanger. According to claim 1, wherein the automatic steam supply control device is a temperature control valve installed in the condensate pipe 21 discharged from the heat exchanger (20), the temperature control valve is a temperature sensor located in the heating water pipe 22 is typically When a temperature below a predetermined reference value is detected between 40 ° C. and 70 ° C., which is a heating water temperature, the valve is opened to discharge condensed water in the heat exchanger into the heating water pipe 22, thereby providing a heat exchanger 20 from the steam supply pipe 13. And arranging the steam to be supplied. The heating water circulation pump 30 and the heat exchanger 20 of at least one heating water circulation system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, respectively. 60) and store within each household. The heating water circulation pump (30) is a small heating water circulation pump whose operation is controlled by a room-thermostat, and the room-thermostat is located in a part of the building where the heating water is circulated by the pump. When the temperature is detected and the detected temperature is higher than the preset temperature between 5 ° -30 ° C., which is a normal indoor temperature, the power to the heating water circulation pump 30 is cut off, and when the temperature is lower than the aforementioned preset temperature, the pump connects power. And to start the pump automatically.

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