KR880002165B1 - Communication system & network - Google Patents

Abstract

The communication system connects users of the system by one or more two-way links or loops, through intermediately transponders or nodes. A control carrier having a characteristic control carrier frequency is assigned to each system user. The control carrier is a signal which does not contain intelligence or information (modulation), but which establishes the linkage between subscribers, enables the intelligence in specific directions and hence along specific paths. To use the system, the calling part selects a control carrier frequency which is complementary to the control carrier frequency of the called party. Selection of this control carrier frequency automatically enables a transmission path between the calling party and the called party.

Description

Communication system and network

1 is a block diagram of the communication and control system of the present invention showing a plurality of fixed and mobile subscribers connected through local and intermediate nodes.

2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a single node system operating with a pair of subscribers and a full duplex mode.

3 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a single node system consisting of two pairs of subscriber stations.

4 is a simplified block diagram of a two node system illustrating the operation of a system with remote subscribers.

5 is a block diagram illustrating a typical single node element in a communication system for connecting and transmitting information between a caller and a called party.

FIG. 6 shows a control broadcast signal processing device and a modulation signal processing device in the typical single node element shown in FIG. 5 and the interconnections between the devices so that a pair of subscribers can operate in full duplex mode.

7 is a block diagram of a typical subscriber station.

8 shows a carrier signal processing apparatus at a subscriber station with separate control carrier and modulation channels with one antenna array element pair.

9 shows another embodiment of a subscriber station carrier signal processing apparatus for use when carrier and modulation have the same frequency channel.

10 shows an alternative to the band pass filter of the subscriber station carrier signal processing apparatus.

11 illustrates an alternative of a single dual channel of one node showing modulation and carrier signal processing devices for each array element pair for use when modulation and carrier occupy the same frequency channel.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

32: western subscriber station 34: coaxial subscriber station

(36), (100): node 38: antenna element

42, 44: reverse loop 102: receiving antenna

(104) transmit antenna 110 control carrier signal processing apparatus

(112): Modulated signal processing device (204): Signal processing device

The present invention relates to a communication and control system or a communication network, and more particularly to a system and a network for providing a flexible communication and control irrespective of the position or mutual movement of stations.

The communication and control system is used to transmit and receive voice, office or computer data, radio or television programming and drawings. In such a system, information is exchanged at a central station, allowing one, many or individual subscribers to exchange information with each other. Ideally, a communication and control system should operate regardless of the subscriber's geographic location for a particular time and also provide a means for applicants to exchange information between fixed locations, relative movements, or both. Up to now, fixed communication and control systems have been used by systems using public exchange return network private or leased lines. In current mobile communication and control systems, subscribers can use broadcasts in all directions to which the base station is connected, which relays all communications between applicants through broadcast devices in all directions.

These conventional systems have many serious drawbacks. For subscribers of fixed systems, the cost of the exchange switching facility required for the interconnection and supervision of calls and information is very high. In addition, fixed systems connect subscribers via wires or cables, which are costly materials and labor as well as bandwidth constrained. Current mobile communication systems use many frequencies over a general area because they use radio broadcast in all directions for bases, relays and mobile stations. Current mobile system communications and broadcast characteristics in all directions of relay stations significantly reduce the number of concurrent users as each operating frequency is required for each user. One way to increase the number of concurrent users in a region is to divide the region into several smaller regions so that each mobile or relay station receives all direction broadcasts at low power levels. However, the method increases the complexity as well as the price of the mobile system and requires users to have a switch action each time they move from one area to another. In addition, the increase in future users requires that the above smaller areas become smaller so that the output of each station transmitter is reduced.

The present invention solves the above and other problems by allowing the communication and control system or network to be divided into a fixed grid for the service area. When a user finds a link to talk to another user in this network, the system calls and is called through one or more nodes without using intermediate switching facilities regardless of their spatial location or mutual movement. A device is provided that enables connection between station (s) via radio frequencies. This communication and control connection between the communication stations and the high directionality of each link allows many other users in the same area to use the same frequency band simultaneously without interruption, much less than the power required by current mobile systems. It can work effectively as well.

With this 'space-link' system the future increase of concurrent users will be easily satisfied, and the increase in capacity as needed can be easily achieved by increasing the capacity of the network relay station or node. The connection between subscribers is made up of a directional communication and control link known as a reverse oscillating loop, wherein the reverse oscillating loop is Elliott El. Described in U. S. Patent No. 3,757, 335, Sept. 4, 1973 to Elliot L. Gruenberg, which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly described, U.S. Patent No. 3,757,335 describes a reverse oscillating loop or link for a communication and control channel between a pair of circular antenna terminals. According to the description, the broadcast signal for the reverse oscillation loop is made between two remote control antenna array terminals, each remote control antenna array terminal having a loop so that sufficient amplification overcomes the losses in the medium and the terminal between the loops. When provided to, they have reverse properties. The antenna beam of the reverse oscillating loop is automatically applied when each terminal is within its counterpart's field of view, or when the reverse antenna has a sufficient gain by transmitting a carrier with each of its multiple radiating antennas having a suitable phase relationship to each other. This is done automatically when the loop gain is greater than one.

According to the present invention, a series of links are provided between the reverse relay stations or between the nodes to form several directional links. As an important feature of the present invention, the system does not require knowledge or calculations of desired area locations for communication connections to be made between subscribers. In another important feature of the invention, a switching facility is not needed on the node to establish or maintain a communication connection between subscribers.

(n은 시스템내 가입자 수)개의 연결이 필요하다.Today's communication systems do not require an exchange facility for communication between subscribers, but a large amount of connectivity is required to enable all subscribers to invoke different subscriber modes in the system. One system that establishes a connection between subscribers without the use of an exchange facility is Elliott EL. US Patent 4,001,691, registered on January 4, 1977 to Elloit L. Gruenberg. Although this system provides good communication

n is the number of subscribers in the system.

개의 연결만이 요구 되어지므로 가입자들 사이를 연결하기 위한 다수의 경로를 제공하는데 있어서의 비용 또는 복잡성이 실질적으로 감소된다. 본 시스템에서는 연결 경로가 호출자에 의해 교환국에 있는 응답기를 통해 피호출자로 연결되는데, 교환국(central station)은 노드로 나타내어질 것이다. 호출자와 노드 사이에 또 노드와 피호출자 사이에는 단지 한개 경로만이 필요하다. 호출 및 피호출로서 동일 경로가 사용되어지기 때문에 어떤 한 순간에 사용되어지는 경로 수는

을 넘지 못한다. 그렇지만 n개의 채널이 지정되어져 있어서 시스템내의 각 가입자에 대한 한 가입자는 어떤때는 피호출자가 또 다른 때에는 호출자가 될 수 있다.According to the system of the present invention, only the maximum

Since only three connections are required, the cost or complexity of providing multiple paths for connecting between subscribers is substantially reduced. In this system, the connection path is connected by the caller to the called party through the answering machine at the switching center, where the central station will be represented as a node. Only one path is needed between the caller and the node, and between the node and the callee. Since the same path is used as the call and the called, the number of paths used at any one time

Do not exceed However, with n channels specified, one subscriber for each subscriber in the system can be called by the callee at other times and the caller at other times.

In the practice of the present invention, microwave or millimeter frequency allocation may be used and a communications satellite responder may also be used. However, other frequency ranges can be used depending on the distance. Therefore, the channels can be channels of desired or authorized bandwidth, for example, up to that bandwidth, the channels can accept high quality data or video information or mixed information of video, data and voice. The system has become very convenient and simple due to the elimination of intermediate exchanges and the elimination of poor potential transfer paths.

Conventional directional microwaves can be used for fixed communications but cannot be used for mobile communications. The system can be used flexibly with high transmission quality in fixed or mobile or mixed communication systems, and the cost is significantly reduced because the complexity multiplexer and exchange facility are eliminated. The flexible directional form of the system of the present invention increases the capacity of the communication system locally, since different data streams do not interfere with the same frequency when going in different directions. Thus, the system's circulation allows more users to use the same frequency channel allocation for lower power installations.

In general, the communication system of the present invention connects users in the system through an intermediate responder or node by one or more bidirectional links or loops. A control carrier with a specific control carrier frequency is assigned to each system user. Control carriers are signals that do not contain coverage or information but are used to connect subscribers, to allow tampering to be detected, and to send information in a particular direction and to follow a particular path.

To use the system, the caller selects a control carrier frequency that is complementary to the called carrier's control carrier frequency. The selection of the control carrier frequency automatically establishes a transmission path between the caller and the called party. For local node calls, a reverse oscillating loop is made between the caller and the local node (which acts as a relay station), and a second reverse loop is made between the local node and the called party. In telecommunications, the caller's local node is connected to the called party's local node through an intermediate node, and a reverse loop is formed between the called party's local node and the called party to establish a communication link between the caller and the called party. . In another embodiment of the present invention, a station connected to a called party's local node may be a terminal of another communication system, such as a public switched circuit network used to connect to the called party.

In more detail the operation of the system, each element of a transceiver antenna array having a receiver antenna array, a transmit antenna array, an amplifier, and a control carrier having a predetermined frequency, each having an equal number of antenna elements at the caller side; There is a band pass filter connected between them. In practice, as is well known in the art, one array can be used by overlapping the transmit and receive connections on the same antenna element. The oscillator at the terminal offsets the transmission and reception signals, as described in detail in US Pat. No. 3,737,335, and provides a signal that allows a reverse oscillation loop to be made between the caller terminal and the caller local node. .

The local node in the present invention is equipped with a reversed array transceiver comprising receive and transmit antenna arrays. In each path connecting receive antenna elements and transmit antenna elements and transmit antenna elements of each antenna array, there is a bandpass filter and mixer that is inserted before the amplifier in the path to achieve reverse oscillation. The filter is designed to pass only the reference signal set to the 2c frequency (where c is the caller-side control carrier frequency). The mixer provides the above reference signal when it receives two complementary signals, e.g., signals with frequencies of c + a and c-a. Thus, if the caller supplies a signal at one of the above frequencies and the called party is set up to automatically provide a signal at the other frequency to the input of the local node, two reverse oscillation loops are formed simultaneously, one for the caller and the local node. It is formed between the caller and supplies the node with the frequency of c + a to the node, and the other is formed between the called party and the node and the caller side supplies the signal with the frequency of ca to the node. Within a node, the above two signals are combined by a mixer to provide a reference signal with a frequency of 2c, or a reference signal with a modified frequency suitable for transmission to both the caller and the called party at the node. Each subscriber is equipped to receive this reference signal and the loop is complete. Once the appropriate filter and local oscillator frequencies have been selected, sufficient electronic antenna gain needs to be provided to establish the loop gain condition for the reverse oscillation.

Thus, as long as the node reverse directional antenna and amplifier at each terminal can maintain greater than the unit loop gain, two reverse loops are formed that transmit control carriers, one between the caller and the local node, and one between the caller and the local node. It is formed in the liver. The node provides a directional path between each subscriber, that is, the node reverse directional antenna will receive and transmit control carrier signals only in two general directions of caller and callee terminals. The caller's and callee's antennas similarly transmit and receive in the direction of the local node, regardless of whether the subscribers are fixed or mobile relative to each other. Once the reverse loop connects between the subscribers, any type of information can be exchanged between the subscribers.

The information generated at the caller station is transmitted to the node in the form of a frequency modulated (FM) radio signal along with the carrier signal. Information bearing signals from these signals having a fixed spatial phase relation to each other are provided to nodes having no spatial phase relation at all. This signal is transmitted to the carrier signal of the called station by the mixing process. In this way, the final signal will contain both the information bearing modulated signal of the calling station and the spatial phase of the called station. The node will process these phase relationships so that the composite signal is sent by the node towards the called station.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood by describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings. Hereinafter, described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, typical communication systems in accordance with the present invention are shown. A plurality of subscribers S ₁ -S ₉ have fixed transmission links (shown in solid lines) and mobile transmission links (with solid nodes N ₁ -N ₄ ) (or satellite nodes ST). Interconnected by a dashed line). Each subscriber is located within the antenna clock of one node to be referred to as the local node of that particular subscriber. The relationship between the subscriber and the local node is represented by a line connecting each subscriber and the node. Local communication is considered that both the called party and the calling party communicate through the same local node.

In the case of telecommunications, communication between subscribers that cannot communicate through the same local node is used. In this case, intermediate intermediary nodes are used. Communication between any two subscribers is between any caller and caller's local node, and between any called and callee's local nodes, and between any intermediary nodes needed to establish a transmission path between the caller and the callee's local nodes. Complementary reverse oscillation loops are formed. Ten thousand and one subscriber wishes to area called for (S ₁₎ is a subscriber (S ₂₎ the subscriber (S ₁₎ is a signal at a frequency that is automatically complement (complement) to the frequency of the signal transmitted by the subscriber (S ₂₎ The node N ₁ receives the signal corresponding to the complementary frequency from the called party S ₂ via the mobile link 10 by selecting the signal, for example, via the mobile link 10. The node N ₁ combines these signals and transmits a reference carrier signal to two subscribers S ₁ and S ₂ . Thereby, reverse loops are formed between the calling party S ₁ and the node N ₁ and the called party S ₂ and the node N ₁ to provide a communication link between the parties.

For example, in the case of telecommunication between calling party S ₁ and called party S ₈ , calling party S ₁ is complementary to the frequency automatically transmitted by called party S ₈ ( complementary) transmits a signal at a frequency. This signal is received at node N ₁ and transmitted to nodes N ₄ via links 14, 16, 18 and 20. The links 14, 16, 18 and 20 may be radio waves, microwaves, cables or any combination thereof. Node N ₄ also receives a complementary signal from called party S ₈ .

It generates a reference signal through the link 22 to the called party S ₈ , and links 20, 18, 16 and 12 with nodes N ₃ S, ST, N ₂ , N ₁ . Communication is achieved by reverse reception to the calling party S ₁ through. The node N ₃ S has the additional function of not only relaying signals to other points in the network but also drawing or inserting information at its location for use by subscribers there.

west 로서 표시한다.

west 신호는 가입자(s₁)로 부터 노드(N₄)로 송신되어 여기서 가입자(S₈)로 부터 나온 반송파로 전달된다. 마찬가지로

east 변조로 변조된 가입자(S₈)로부터 나온 신호들은 노드(N₁)로 송신되어 가입자(S₁)로 부터나온 반송신호로 전달된다.Once the communication paths between the subscribers are established, the movement of information occurs between the subscribers S ₁ and S ₈ stations. The modulated signal from the subscriber (S ₁ ) station is for convenience.

Display as west.

The west signal is transmitted from the subscriber s ₁ to the node N ₄ , where it is delivered to the carrier from the subscriber S ₈ . Likewise

Signals from subscriber S ₈ modulated by east modulation are transmitted to node N ₁ and delivered as a carrier signal from subscriber S ₁ .

System operation can be understood in detail by first considering the operation of the simplified system shown in FIG. 2, in which a pair of subscribers communicate over a single local node. For the sake of illustration, the called party, called the East Party, is assigned the called frequency by c + a, where c is the reference frequency and a provides the offset from the reference frequency unique to the ipsilateral side. The caller will be referred to as the West Party. To call from west to east, the west picks up his telephone 30 handset and dials the number code dial pointing west. The number code is received at the western subscriber station 32, where the station interprets the code to adjust the local generator or filter whereby the reverse loop operates at the control carrier frequency c-a. The western control carrier signal at frequency c-a and the complementary control carrier signal at frequency c + a provided by ipsilateral subscriber station 34 are received at node 36 via antenna elements 38. Complementary control signals are combined and utilized at node 36 to generate a reference carrier signal of frequency c, which is returned to both the east and west sides via antenna elements 40. In this way, a communication link is formed between the subscribers, including two reverse loops 42,44 between each subscriber and node 36.

This system does not use independent receivers and transmitters as used by previous systems, but instead a control transport path is formed between the subscriber stations of the subscriber and the transceiver elements of the node by the operation of reverse loops. As shown in FIG. 2, reverse loops are formed between the west side 30 and the node 36 and between the ipsilateral subscriber station 34 and the node 36. Node 36 is configured to allow communication between the parties whenever complementary control carrier signals are present.

These control carrier signals can provide more than the original signal around each loop at the required frequencies by providing both loops with sufficient electron amplification and antenna concentration to overcome all losses. So two concurrent reverse loops 42,44 will be prepared for the information to be transferred between the parties. Furthermore, all links are directional at both ends. Therefore, the information moved in the direction will not disturb the information moving in the other direction.

Once the reversed loops 42, 44 of both sides are formed, the ringing bell on the ipsilateral phone 46 will be activated and the ieast will complete its connection by lifting its handset. Both sides are now able to use already established links to exchange information between the ipsilateral and western subscribers via node 36.

The information is modulated onto a carrier presently present at the western subscriber station 32 and transmitted to node 36, which also has a reverse array carrier from the ipsilateral subscriber station. Node 36 classifies the two carriers by their carrier frequency to determine the direction of the carriers by the distribution of spatial phase angles on the individual array antenna elements.

The node separates the modulation from the west carrier by a process which will be described later in detail, and loads it on the carrier back to the ipsilateral subscriber station 34. At the same time and by the same processing, the modulation coming out of the ipsilateral subscriber station is separated from the ipsilateral carrier and loaded on the western carrier being returned to the western subscriber station 32. Simultaneous modulations do not interfere with each other. When the communication is completed, each party releases the handset. The oscillator at each terminal of western subscriber station 32 and ipsilateral subscriber station 34 automatically returns to the unique called control carrier frequency assigned to that party.

All stations are, in effect, ready and send a signal, such as low-level noise, to node 36, which contains energy at the frequency assigned to the party. The party is again signaled when the node 3 receives a signal at a frequency complementary to its assigned frequency, forming respective reverse loops between the parties and the norms.

Figure 3 illustrates the operation of a system with four subscribers communicating through a local node. In Figure 3 there are two ipsilaterals 50 and 52 with subscriber stations 54 and 56 respectively and two western sides 58 and 60 with subscriber stations 62 and 64, respectively, which are installed at a node. And communicate with local node 66 via established communication channels. To illustrate this, suppose subscriber 58 wants to call subscriber 50 and subscriber 60 wants to call subscriber 52 and both calls are made at the same time. Picking up the handset and dialing the code number generates and transmits control transport signals to node 66 at frequencies ca and cb complementary to the frequencies assigned to subscribers 50 and 52. Also at node 66, a noise signal is received from subscribers 50 and 52 whose energy in the spectrum includes complementary frequencies of c + a and c + b, respectively. The frequencies c +> a and c + b are sufficiently separated and are filtered out by separate bandpass filters at node 66. The width of this interval affects the formation time of the control carrier signal. Because too narrow bandpass filters will delay signal formation too much. For this reason, a minimum interval of 1,000 hz is recommended. This aftermath creates disadvantageous paths at node 66 for control carrier signals received from subscriber 58 and subscriber 60. At node 66, complementary carrier signals are combined and mixed to provide a common signal that passes through a bandpass filter centered on frequency 2c. This signal carries the reference carrier at frequency c to be returned to each subscriber to form thermal loops 68, 60, 72 and 74 between the subscriber and the node while having more than a unit loop gain between each pair of subscribers. Used to generate a signal. Subscribers 58, 50 and subscribers 60, 62 are connected through separate communication channels. Because independent paths provided at node 66 may allow four reverse loops 68, 60, 72, and 74 to operate simultaneously. Indeed, many such reverse loops can operate simultaneously and independently because fully independent paths are provided at the node. As will now be evident, these paths or channels are easily established by providing independent bandpass filters at the nodes on each channel and also appropriately selecting the control carrier frequencies for each channel. The modulation can be generated at one station and received at the other station of the pair without crosstalk while independent control carrier frequencies are provided for each subscriber. Although the pairs use the same modulation channel allocation, there is no confusion for the subscribers unless both the corresponding east and west subscribers are within the same non-width of the nodes. This occurs because the node is made up of an array of antenna elements, each of which includes processing devices which will be described in more detail below. The array of processing apparatuses can suppress modulation from a direction substantially different from the direction of the carrier formed from the terminal in a predetermined direction as will be described later.

Modulations generated from or transmitted in substantially the same beam width of the node require different modulation channels to avoid interference. However, subscriber stations are minimized by being assigned different combinations of control carrier and modulation frequencies, even though subscribers can move and move between beams. For example, if the number of stations is S, the number of beam positions (control carriers) is C and the number of modulation channels is M, then the number of modulation channels (frequency allocation required) is M = S / C. If M is equal to C, then M is equal to S. Thus, 10,000 users can conveniently use only 100 channels and at least 100 users can use each beam simultaneously. The frequency that only 1% of the channel allocation has been required is required against each station assignment. Thus, enormous savings in bandwidth and / or enormous increases in system capacity are easily achieved.

4 illustrates how remote subscribers use the system. Far subscribers must reach across two or more nodes because they do not share the same scope of a single node. In such cases, heavy links must be formed between the nodes.

Thus, if the subscriber 80 wants to call the subscriber 82, the subscriber 80 adjusts the frequency transmitted by the subscriber device 84 in the same manner as described above, so that the subscriber device associated with the pressure paper 82 ( A control carrier signal is generated at frequency ca complementary to the tuned frequency of 86). Node 88 receives the control carrier at frequency ca and allows the control carrier signal received by node 88 to be transmitted to node 90 via communication channel 92, which may be a microwave link or cable. It is equipped with one antenna that includes a directional coupler.

Essentially, in receiving a control carrier signal, node 88 tends to automatically find a subscriber anywhere in the system that is configured to generate a complementary control carrier signal.

In the systems of Figures 2 and 3, the subscriber is connected to the local node. In the system of FIG. 4, the node must find the desired subscriber at the far node. This is done automatically through as many relay nodes as necessary to make contact between subscribers. 4 shows the use of two nodes for illustrative purposes only. A noise signal generated by the subscriber 82 that maintains the frequency c + a is received at the node 90 and applied to the input of the node 90 and transmitted to the node 80 likewise through the communication channel 92. . By receiving the complementary signal at node 88, the signal can pass through node 88 and provide a reference signal at frequency c that is transmitted to subscriber station 84. Similarly, a signal of frequency ca, originating at subscriber station 84 and exiting node 88, may be sent from subscriber station 86 to complete the loop by sending a signal of frequency c to subscriber station 86. Complement the signal at frequency c + a received at 90. The reverse loops 94 and 96 can offset any loss, including those caused in path 92 and path 94 by sufficient gain around each loop. Modulation from subscriber station 84 may now be transmitted to a control carrier of frequency c at node 90 and transmitted to subscriber station 86. Similarly, the modulation can be transferred to a control carrier of frequency c at node 88 and transmitted to subscriber station 84.

A typical node 100 of the system is (examples of nodes are N ₁ , N ₂ , N ₃ s in FIG. ₁ , 36 in FIG. 2, 66 in FIG. 3, 88 and 90 in FIG. 4). It consists of one or more identical node elements. 5 shows such a node element 100-1. Each node will contain n node elements that each constitute a circuit. The series of elements is -1, -2,... Will be mentioned. The node elements 100-1, 100-2, ... 100-n all share the common required to invert the spatial phases of the signal in order to return the signal back to the terminal devices to complete the reverse oscillation loops. It is connected to a single oscillator 118. Each node includes a receive antenna 102 and a transmit antenna 104; Each node element includes, for example, antenna elements 102-1 and 104-1, respectively. When the physical space between antenna elements 102-1… n and 104-1… n is properly spaced (usually less than 0.9 times the frequency wavelength received or transmitted by the node), the energy received or transmitted is given a phase The well-known principles of operation of the arrays will concentrate on discrete beams. These beams will be oriented in accordance with the repetitive phase difference received at the other antenna elements 102-1, 102-2, 103-3 ..., 102-n.

로서, 동쪽 스테이션에 대한 것은 θ로서 언급될 것이다.This phase difference for the west station

As for the east station, it will be referred to as θ.

Each node element 100-1, 100-n is equipped to regulate "m" dual channels. In order to do so, each node must be equipped with a pair of modulation signal processing unit 112 and control signal processing unit 110. A dual channel is a channel that connects two terminals (stations or subscribers) that can simultaneously carry information from the terminal to the other terminal. Each such channel requires a different set of complementary frequencies. Next will be described the role of a single dual channel. Then, the operation of multiple channels can be easily understood from the description of one channel.

The number of node elements 100-1, 100-2, 100-3, ... 100-n used in a given node depends primarily on the desired independent beam direction number. The particular dependence is determined by the type of array given the phase used, but in the case of planar arrays "n" node elements are used for the "n" beam direction within the field of view of the array. The array's field of view is a range within the solid angle at which signals can be received from the node and transmitted from the stations to the node and is in principle determined by the antenna element pattern of the receiving antenna 102 and the transmitting antenna 104. do. (Other arrays available include spherical and columnar arrays. These arrays have a wider field of view than planar arrays.) For example, the situation is within a node clock of 60 ° and a node beam width of 6 °. Ten independent beam directions are shown. Thus ten terminal stations can use the same frequency band at any time without any interference as long as each of them is located in a different beam. Again, each user can benefit from the antenna gain accompanied by the narrow 6 ° beam. This greater gain enables the transmission of high information about the same transmit power and distance between the node and the user.

The local node 100 is located between the subscribers in the clock of the node, i.e., the sector which is the fan area where the node element antenna elements 102-1 ... n, 104-1, ... n can physically receive and transmit And multiple communication channels for communication between remote subscribers that are not in the field of view of a single local node. Signals from local subscribers in direct communication with node 100 are received by receive antennas 102-1, ... n and transmitted by transmit antennas 104-1, ... n. These antennas receive directly from the subscribers in any direction with respect to the antenna and transmit to the subscribers in the communicating direction. For communication between remote subscribers, the directional antennas 106 and 108 receive and transmit signals from other local nodes and are connected to the receiving antenna 102 in a manner described in more detail below.

5 shows a single node element 100-1 including single antenna elements 102-1 and 104-1, a control carrier signal processor 110-1, and a modulated signal processor 112-1. will be. These devices work cooperatively with each other to generate complementary reverse loops to convey information to complementary stations that communicate with each other. As mentioned earlier, separate sets of processing devices 110 and 112 are required in each node element 100 for each set of m complementary transmission paths or channels that the system can use to form. The control signal occurring westward for the first node element will be referred to as "C _w1 ". The modulation signal occurring west for the first node element will be referred to as "M _w1 ". The signals occurring in the east will be mentioned by changing the subscript "W" to the subscript "E" in the sign and the "nth" element will be mentioned by changing the subscript "1" to the subscript "n" in the symbol.

₁으로 각각 수신하며, 이에 대해 동쪽 제어 및 변조신호 C_E1, M_E1은 θ₁의 공간각에서 각각 수신된다. 이와 같이, 안테나 소자(102-n)는

_n의 각에서 C_Wn, M_Wn을 수신하고, θ_n의 각에서 C_En및 M_En을 수신한다.Antenna element 102-1 is a spatial phase angle relative to the reference point for the west control and modulation signals C _W1 , M _W1 .

₁ , respectively, and east control and modulated signals C _E1 and M _E1 are received at spatial angles of θ ₁ , respectively. As such, the antenna element 102-n

in each of the _n reception C _{Wn, Wn} M, and receives the C and M _{En En} in each of θ _n.

Each antenna element 102 is provided with a power separator 103 for receiving signals, which are transmitted to the directional antenna 108 and transmitted to the far node. This signal is also applied to the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110 and the modulated signal processing apparatus 112 via a splitter-summer 105. Possible complementary subscribers located near the far node are the volume signals C ' _W , M' _W received via the antenna 106, the split wave summer 105, and also the control carrier signal processor 110 and the modulated signal. It is directed to the processing apparatus 112. The split wave summer 105 may also be a directional coupler, as known in the art.

The control carrier signal processing apparatus 110-1 operates with a set of antenna elements 102-1 and 104-1. Therefore, there are n control carrier signal processing devices for each channel. As such, the modulated signal processing apparatus 112-1 also operates with a set of sets of antenna elements 102-1 and 104-1, so that there are n modulated signal processing apparatuses for each channel.

₁이고, 수신 안테나(102)에서의 신호 C_E1의 공간 위상각이 θ₁이면, 최종 신호의 공간 위상각은

₁+θ₁이 된다. 여기서 공간 위상각은 노드의 다른 기준 위치에서 수신된 신호의 위상각에 대한 노드내의 한 곳에서 수신된 정현파 라디오 주파수 신호의 위상각을 의미한다. 편이를 위해, 최종 신호의 주파수는 제어 반송 신호 처리 장치(110-1)내에서 기준 주파수 c로 변형되어진다. 기주 주파수 c에 따른 최종 기주 반송 신호는 송신 안테나(104)를 거쳐 호출 및 피 호출 가입자 모두에게로 전송되어 진다.A receive antenna 102 is connected to the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110, which processes the carrier control signals C _E , C _W received from the east and west subscribers to which communication is to be established or established. As mentioned above, the frequency of the C _W1 signal (such as c + a) is complementary to the C _W1 signal frequency (such as ca). When these signals are combined in the control transport signal processing apparatus 110-1, a signal of frequency 2c is generated. If the spatial phase angle of signal C _w1 at a given element of receive antenna 102 is

₁ and the spatial phase angle of the signal C _E1 at the receiving antenna 102 is θ ₁ , the spatial phase angle of the final signal is

₁ + θ ₁ . The spatial phase angle here refers to the phase angle of a sinusoidal radio frequency signal received at one location within the node relative to the phase angle of the signal received at another reference position of the node. For the sake of convenience, the frequency of the final signal is transformed to the reference frequency c in the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110-1. The final host carrier signal according to host frequency c is transmitted to both the calling and called party via the transmit antenna 104.

West)t+

}로 하는 대신에, 간단하게 하기 위해 단지 지수 항만을 쓰기로 한다. 즉 위 신호는 c-a+

West+

로 언급될 것이다. 시간부호 't'는 제거했는데 이는 설명에 필요치 않기 때문이다.

West는 변조가 위상 혹은 주파수 변조의 형태일때, M_w와 등가이다. 시스템에 지수적 변조(위상 혹은 주파수)를 사용할때, 시스템이 어떻게 동작하는가를 기술하고 있지만, 이 시스템은 진폭 변조에도 역시 동작한다.Wherever the carrier or modulated signals are mentioned, a simplified code will be adopted. Signal to Aexp {j (c-a +

West) t +

Instead of}, we use only exponential terms to keep things simple. I.e. c-a +

West +

Will be mentioned. The time sign 't' has been removed because it is not necessary for the description.

West is equivalent to M _w when the modulation is in the form of phase or frequency modulation. It describes how the system works when using exponential modulation (phase or frequency) in the system, but the system also works with amplitude modulation.

The summer and inverter 113-1 receive input from the reference oscillator 118 and invert the phantom phase angle of the signals received from the receiving antenna 102 before being transmitted through the transmitting antenna 104 to be described later. . Two reverse oscillating loops occur at the same time, one between the calling party and the calling node and the other between the called and called nodes, when the loops in each path are greater than 1 and around the loop at the operating frequency point. This occurs when the net phase shift of is 0 ° or a multiple of 360 °. Some or all of the required transfer may be provided by the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110, which will be described later in detail.

Information signals are received and transmitted over separate modulation channels. Modulation received through the receiving antenna 102 is processed in the modulation signal processing unit 112, which receives the modulation from the caller and the called party and receives from the control carrier signal processing unit 110. The control carrier signals C _w and C _E are used to provide a signal for the reverse direction to the complementary user. That is, modulation from the western subscriber is retransmitted only to the called party in the east via the control transport C _E1 . This will be described later.

The modulation signal processing apparatus 112 also provides a modulation output to the node and receives modulation for retransmission from the node when the subscriber is located at the node or when the public telephone network is connected to an external communication system as intended. . In the latter case, the c + a frequency signal is provided from the oscillator reference bank 114 to the control carrier signal processing apparatus 112. This signal, together with the complementary control signal C _W (ca) received from the western calling party, whether within each other's field of view or from a far-field node, produces a signal with a frequency of 2c in the control carrier signal processing unit 110, and transmits it to the station. It generates a control carrier with a c frequency to be transmitted again, thus allowing a reverse oscillation loop to be formed between the node and the caller and the called party. The demodulator 115 and modulator 116 are provided to extract information signals intended for the node area and to input information for transmission to specific subscribers.

₁+θ₁을 만든다. 대역통과 필터(136)는 2c주파수분에만 동조되며 다른 소기치 않는 주파수분은 여파해 버린다. 대역통과 필터(136)로 부터의 신호는 증폭기(138)에서 증폭되어 합산기 및 인버터(113)에 인가된다. 공통기준 발진기(118)로 부터의 c주파수의 신호는 증폭기(138)의 출력과 함께 혼합기(142)내에서 혼합되어 주파수 c에서의 기준 제어 반송 신호를 형성하여 합산기(144) 및 혼합기(146)을 통과해서는 안테나 소자(104-1)를 거쳐 호출자 및 피호출자에게 전송되어지는데 이는 변조분이 있든 없든간에 이루어진다.6 shows the control carrier signal processor 110-1 and the modulated signal processor 112-1 in greater detail. Referring to FIG. 6, the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110-1 has frequency bandpass filters 130 and 132, which are tuned at frequencies C _W1 = (ca) and C _E1 = (c + a), respectively. The output of the bandpass filters 130,132 is applied to the mixer 134, where the output is multiplied by these signals, 2c +.

Create ₁ + θ ₁ . The bandpass filter 136 is tuned only for 2c frequencies and filters out other unwanted frequencies. The signal from bandpass filter 136 is amplified in amplifier 138 and applied to summer and inverter 113. The signal at frequency c from the common reference oscillator 118 is mixed in the mixer 142 with the output of the amplifier 138 to form a reference control carrier signal at frequency c to add up the combiner 144 and mixer 146. Is transmitted to the caller and the called party through the antenna element 104-1, with or without modulation.

₁와 M_E1+θ₁을 각각 분리하여 이 신호를 혼합기(152,154)에 신호를 보내는 필터(150)를 포함한다. 혼합기(152)는 대역통과 필터(132)로 부터 수신된 신호와 필터(150)으로 부터의 신호를 혼합하여 적(積) 신호 M_W1+

₁-C_E1-θ₁및 M_E-C_E를 만든다. 곱한 신호의 두번째 것은 성분을 나타낸다. 즉 변조신호 처리장치(112)의 모든 n내에서 그러한 적(積)은 서로에 대해 동상이다. 반면에 M_W1+

-C_E1-θ 적(積)은 각 변조신호 처리장치에서 가변위상각 ₁-θ₁을 가지며, 따라서 동상 척부분만이 필터(156)을 통과 효과적으로 연결되어질 것이다.The output of the bandpass filters 130 and 132 is also applied to the modulation signal processor 112-1. Processor 112-1 is the east and west modulation M _W1 +

₁ and M _E1 + θ ₁ , respectively, to separate the signal and send a signal to mixers 152 and 154. The mixer 152 mixes the signal received from the bandpass filter 132 and the signal from the filter 150 to produce a red signal M _W1 +.

_{Make 1-} C _E1 -θ ₁ and M _E -C _E. The second of the multiplied signal represents the component. That is, within all n of the modulation signal processing apparatus 112, such enemies are in phase with respect to each other. M _W1 + on the other hand

-C _E1 -θ product is variable phase angle in each modulation signal processing device. ₁ −θ ₁ , so that only the in-phase chuck portion will be effectively connected through filter 156.

₁과 변조신호 M_E1+θ₁을 혼합해서 M_E1+

₁-C_W1-θ₁및 M_E1-C_W1신호를 만드는데, 이것들은 필터(158)에의 입력이다. 위의 적에서 두번째 부분만이 필터(158)내에서 효과적으로 연결된다.Similarly, mixer 154 receives signal C _W1 + from bandpass filter 130.

₁ and the modulation signal M _E1 + θ ₁ are mixed to M _E1 +

Creates _1- C _W1 -θ ₁ and M _E1 -C _W1 signals, which are inputs to filter 158. Only the second part of the above enemy is effectively connected in filter 158.

₁과 함께 혼합기(162)에 혼합되어져서 M_E1-C_W1+C_W1+

₁신호 또는 근사한 M_E+

₁신호를 형성한다. 이 신호들은 합산기(164)에서 더해지고 합산된 신호들은 합산기 및 인버터(113)의 합산기(144)에 인가되는데, 여기서 그것들은 합산기(144)에 주파수 c 신호와 선형적으로 더해진다.The output of filter 158 is mixed in mixer 160 with output C _E1 + θ ₁ from bandpass filter 132, with the result M _W1 -C _W1 + C _E1 + θ ₁ . This result is approximately M _W1 + θ ₁ , since C _E1 -C _W1 is negligibly small. This result is also a redirected modulation from the west or caller station by the angle &thetas; ₁ to the complementary ipsilateral or called station. In this way, the output of the filter 156 is also the signal C _W1 + from the bandpass filter 130.

₁ is mixed in mixer 162 with M _E1 -C _W1 + C _W1 +

₁ signal or approx. M _E +

₁ form a signal. These signals are added at summer 164 and the summed signals are applied to summer 144 of summer and inverter 113, where they are added linearly with frequency c signal to summer 144. .

₁-θ₁, M_E1-

₁및 M_W1-θ₁을 제공하기 위해 사용되어 진다. 이신호들은 위상어레이 작동에 의해 동쪽 스테이션에 이르는 변조신호 M_W1-θ₁및 서쪽 스테이션에로 이르는 M_E1-

₁을 제외하고는 각 가입자들로 향하게 될 것인데, 왜냐하면 그 신호들이 공간위상으로 반전되고 M_W신호는 동쪽터미널의 공간위상 각 2c와 연관되며, M_E신호는 서쪽 터미널의 공간위상각

와 연관되기 때문이다. 이는 상세하게 후술될 것이다. 대역통과 필터(136)으로 부터의 2c 주파수 반송 제어신호가 변조신호 M_W1및 M_E1의 반송 주파수와 비슷한 주파수로 전송되어 지기 위해, 주파수의 변이가 필요하다. 기준 발전기(118)는 주파수 C의 신호를 공급하는데, 이것은 혼합기(142)에 인가되며 이 혼합기는 공간 위상

₁및 θ₁에 영향을 미치지 않고 변조주파수 C에로 상기 주파수를 변환한다. 기준 발전기(118)은 또한 주파수 2c의 신호를 공급하는데, 이 신호가 혼합기(146)에서 합산 신호와 혼합되며 이 혼합기 출력 적(積)신호 C-θ_n-

_n,

_E1-

₁및 M_E1-θ₁을 제공한다. 기준 발진기(118)로부터의 주파수 2C신호의 위상은 모든 변환기(113, -1…n)에 대해 똑같다.The signal of frequency 2c from the common reference generator 118 is the spatially inverted output signal c from the mixer 146.

₁ -θ _1, M _E1 -

It is used to provide ₁ and M _W1 -θ ₁ . These signals are modulated by the phased array operation M _W1 -θ ₁ to the east station and M _E1 -to the west station.

_It will be directed to each subscriber except ₁ , because the signals are inverted into the spatial phase and the M _W signal is associated with the spatial phase angle 2c of the east terminal, and the M _E signal is the spatial phase angle of the west terminal.

Because it is associated with. This will be described later in detail. In order for the 2c frequency carrier control signal from the bandpass filter 136 to be transmitted at a frequency similar to the carrier frequencies of the modulation signals M _W1 and M _E1 , a change in frequency is required. Reference generator 118 supplies a signal of frequency C, which is applied to mixer 142, which is a spatial phase

Convert the frequency to modulation frequency C without affecting ₁ and θ ₁ . Reference generator 118 also supplies a signal of frequency 2c, which is mixed with the summation signal at mixer 146 and the mixer output red signal C-θ _n −.

_n ,

_E1-

₁ and M _E1 -θ ₁ . The phase of the frequency 2C signal from the reference oscillator 118 is the same for all transducers 113, -1 ... n.

7 is a block diagram illustrating a typical subscriber station 200. For the sake of explanation, this subscriber device will be considered East or called subscriber. The antenna device 202 may be a combination reception / transmission device or a separate transmission and reception device. The antenna device 202 is either a directional antenna or a reverse antenna array. Directional antennas are used when the subscriber station is fixed and the node direction is known. Both the modulated signal and the control carrier signal are transmitted or received via the antenna device 202. As will be described later, the signal processing apparatus 204 converts and amplifies the control carrier signals in a manner similar to that of the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110. If a subscriber device must receive a reference control carrier signal at a frequency it will respond with a control carrier signal at frequency C _E which forms a reverse oscillating loop between the subscriber station and its local node station.

The modulation device 206 provides the transmission modulation M _E from the subscriber device 200. The demodulator device 208 demodulates the modulation M _E received from another subscriber. The selector 210 selects a complementary control carrier frequency C _E that will establish a communication path between the subscriber station and the complementary western subscriber station. Multiplexer 212 and demultiplexer 214 allow several different users (denoted by lines 216 and 218) to have the same transmission path and modulation channel. Except as described below, it will be appreciated that the elements of a typical subscriber station 200 are conventional.

8 shows a subscriber station, in particular the signal processing device 204 in more detail. This signal processing apparatus can be thought of as one array element pair. Where a subscriber station uses a conventional directional antenna, only one pair of elements is used. However, if reversed array terminals are used, n pairs are needed in a manner similar to that described at node 100. The reference carrier signal and the modulated signal M _W of the frequency C received by the antenna element 230 are separated by the filters 232 _and 234, respectively. These signals having a spatial phase angle along the direction of the received signal are applied to the mixer 236. The final signal has a phase angle of 0 ° and can be combined with other signals from other subscriber station array pairs. The signals summed in the mixers 236-1... N are demodulated in the discriminator 208.

The control carrier signal is amplified in the amplifier 238 to provide a loop gain that can be carried. The selector 210 selects the frequency of the oscillator 240. If the subscriber wants to call another subscriber, the frequency C _E , (c + a) complementary to the other subscriber's frequency is selected. When inactive, the subscriber's own frequency is tuned so that the station is called by another subscriber sending complementary frequencies.

The output of oscillator 240 is mixed with the output of amplifier 238 at mixer 242 to provide a transmit output to antenna element 244. The amplifier 238 is preferably a limiting type. The signal from the oscillator 240 is modulated by the modulator 246 with the modulation signal M _W and the oscillator 240 supplies the modulation and carrier signals to all elements in the subscriber side antenna array. The frequency of the oscillator 240 provides the antenna element 244 with an output in which the mixer 242 is spatially phase inverted with respect to the signal received by the antenna element 230, the transmitted signals being the direction in which the control signal was received. Can be sent.

+

West는 혼합기(262)내의 반송신호와 혼합되어 변조 주파수적

East을 제공하는데 이것은 변조분 대역통과 필터(266)을 통해 제한 증폭기(273)을 거쳐 혼합기(260)에 이른다. 이 신호는 혼합기(260)에서 입력신호와 혼합되어 대역필터(264)에 입력을 제공한다.9 shows another embodiment of a signal processing apparatus 240 'of a subscriber station whose control carrier frequency is located in the same frequency band as the frequency of the modulation signal. The subscriber substation operates in conjunction with the node shown in FIG. Signals received from antenna element 230 are applied to mixers 260 and 262. If the correct carrier signal is present, it is passed to a narrow band filter 264, which passes the carrier signal to the mixer 262 via the limiting amplifier 274. 9 shows the west station. Modulation or Carriage is any signal, c + a-

+

West is mixed with the carrier signal in mixer 262 to modulate the frequency

East is provided, which passes through the modulation bandpass filter 266 to the mixer 260 via the limiting amplifier 273. This signal is mixed with the input signal at mixer 260 to provide an input to band filter 264.

This filter retains the spatial phase of the signal and together generates a modulated signal of frequency East. It has an idea on space of 0 °. This signal is combined with all of the in-phase signal from the other device pair, applied to the discriminator 280, and then demodulated.

가 증폭기(268)에 의하여 증폭되어서 혼합기(270) 및 안테나소자(244)를 통해 역방향 선루우프의 주위로 전송된다. 증폭기(268)는 제한증폭기인 것이 바람직하다. 발진기(272)는 주파수 2c의 신호를 혼합기(270)에 제공한다. 이 신호의 주파수는 대략 수신된 기준 반송주파수의 2배이며, 그 차이는 전술한 바와같은 기준 오프셋 주파수이다. 그 결과 전송된 신호 c-a-

'는 입력신호에 대하여 공간 위상이 반전된다. 발진기(272)는 또한 변조기(246)에 의해 변조되어서 이와같이 변조된 신호를 모든 어레이 소자들에 공급하며, 따라서 최종 신호는 c-a-

'+

West이다.At the same time, the carrier signal c + a- from the band pass filter 264

Is amplified by the amplifier 268 and transmitted through the mixer 270 and the antenna element 244 around the reverse sunroof. The amplifier 268 is preferably a limiting amplifier. Oscillator 272 provides a signal of frequency 2c to mixer 270. The frequency of this signal is approximately twice the received reference carrier frequency, the difference being the reference offset frequency as described above. As a result, the transmitted signal ca-

Is inverted in space phase with respect to the input signal. Oscillator 272 is also modulated by modulator 246 to supply this modulated signal to all array elements, so the final signal is ca-.

'+

West.

The selector 210 controls the bandpass frequency of the band pass filter 264. When inactive, the subscriber device is adapted to receive the frequency so other subscribers can call it. On call, the selector is fixed at the frequency of the desired subscriber in this case.

'를 갖는 혼합기(260)(제9도)로부터의 입력신호 c+a+

'와 혼합되어 고정 소 대역통과 필터(284)를 통과하여서 출력신호

를 발생시킨다. 고정 소 대역통과 필터(284)의 출력은 오프셋 발진기(280)로 부터의 오프셋신호와 혼합기(286)에서 혼합되어서, 소기의 출력인 신호 c+a+

'를 발생시킨다.For convenience, it may be desirable to adjust one oscillator frequency rather than to tune several filters. In this case, the band pass filter 264 may be replaced by the apparatus of FIG. The offset oscillator 280 provides a signal at a frequency controlled by the selector 210. If a predetermined offset frequency a is selected, it is frequency c and spatial phase

Input signal c + a + from mixer 260 (FIG. 9)

Mixed with 'and passed through a fixed small bandpass filter (284)

Generates. The output of the fixed small bandpass filter 284 is mixed in the mixer 286 with the offset signal from the offset oscillator 280, so that the desired signal c + a +

Generates'.

11 illustrates another embodiment of a processing apparatus 300 for use with a modulation separation system at node 100, where the control carrier frequency is located within the modulation band, if necessary. If the carrier frequency is within the modulation band, the node processing apparatus must be used with a subscriber station of the type as shown in FIG. The processing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 11 may be replaced by both the control carrier signal processing apparatus 110 and the modulated signal processing apparatus 112.

+

West와 c+a+θ+

East는 한쌍의 스테이션으로 부터 동쪽 변조채널을 받아들이는 혼합기(301,302) 및 서쪽 채널을 받아들이는 혼합기(304,306)에 인가된다. 역방향 발진 루우프가 가입자 스테이션과 적절하게 이루어져 신호 c+a+θ+

East를 수신 안테나(102)입력에 제공될때, 혼합기(301), 필터(308), 필터(310) 및 제한증폭기(332,334)는 주파수 c+a의 반송파(C_E)를 발생시키도록 작동한다. 동시에,

East변조는 공간 위상이 없이 필터(310)의 출력측에 전개된다.Signals from receiving antenna 102, i.e. c-a +

+

West and c + a + θ +

East is applied from a pair of stations to mixers 301 and 302 that accept the east modulation channel and to mixers 304 and 306 that accept the west channel. The reverse oscillating loop is properly made with the subscriber station and the signal c + a + θ +

When East is provided to the receive antenna 102 input, mixer 301, filter 308, filter 310 and limiting amplifiers 332 and 334 operate to generate a carrier C _E of frequency c + a. At the same time,

East modulation is developed on the output side of filter 310 without spatial phase.

The carrier signal C _E at the output side of the filter 308 holds the spatial phase θ of the input signal, and this carrier signal C _E is transmitted to the new amplifier 311. This is the path of the reverse oscillating loop, and the linear amplifier 311 provides a gain for holding the selected carrier signal.

+

West의 인입신호로 부터 끌어낸다. 필터(312)는 단지 c-a에 근접한 주파수만을 통과시키며 공간위상각(θ)을 보존시킨다.In a similar manner, the control return signal C _{E with} frequency ca is generated by the operation of mixer 304, limiting amplifiers 334 and 335, filter 312 and mixer 306.

+

From the West's incoming signal. The filter 312 only passes frequencies close to ca and preserves the spatial phase angle [theta].

+

West와 혼합되면, 그 결과 형성된 차동 주파수는

West로서 공간 위상각이 없이 필터(314)의 출력측에 나타난다. 필터(312)의 출력은 증폭기(316)로 공급되는데, 이 증폭기(316)는 노드와 서쪽 스테이션 사이에 역방향성 발진 루우프에 이득을 제공함으로써 제어반송신호(C_E)를 전개시키는데 사용된다.This signal is input from mixer 306 to c-a +

+

When mixed with West, the resulting differential frequency is

West appears at the output side of filter 314 without a spatial phase angle. The output of filter 312 is fed to amplifier 316, which is used to develop the control transfer signal C _E by providing a gain in the reverse oscillating loop between the node and the west station.

)=2c+θ+

이다. 이 신호는 혼합기(322)에서 선형 증폭기(34)의 출력과 혼합되며 혼합기(324)에서 필터(310)의 출력, 즉

East와 혼합되어서 c-a+

+

East의 신호를 발생시킨다. 이와 동시에, 증폭기(316)의 출력은 혼합기(326)에서 필터(320)의 출력과 혼합되어 2c+θ+

(c-a+

)=c+a+θ의 신호를 발생시키며, 이 신호는 혼합기(328)내에서 필터(314)의 변조출력과 혼합되어 c+a+θ+

West의 신호를 발생시킨다.Two loops are operated simultaneously between these stations and the nodes so that the west station can operate the east station. For this purpose, signals from amplifiers 317 and 316 are fed to mixer 318. The signal with the final frequency sum is selected from filter 320, which is c + a + θ + (c-a +

) = 2c + θ +

to be. This signal is mixed with the output of linear amplifier 34 at mixer 322 and the output of filter 310 at mixer 324, i.e.

Mixed with East c-a +

+

Generates East signal. At the same time, the output of the amplifier 316 is mixed with the output of the filter 320 in the mixer 326 so that 2c + θ +

(c-a +

generates a signal of = c + a + θ, which is mixed with the modulation output of filter 314 in mixer 328 to c + a + θ +.

Generate the signal of West.

West는 입력측에서 공간위상각(

)과 연관되어 있으며 또한 동쪽으로 부터 수신된 공간위상각(θ)과도 연관되어 있기 때문에, 서쪽으로 부터의 변조파는 동쪽으로 전송되어 있으며, 또한 동쪽으로부터의 변조파도 서쪽으로 전송되어 있다. 이 변조파가 동쪽으로 전송될 수 있도록 하기 위하여서는 공간 위상의 방향이 반전될, 즉-θ로 변할 필요가 있는데, 어떤파를 받아들인 방향으로 이것을 되돌리기 위한 역방향성 어레이에 있어서는 이 어레이 소자들상의 신호의 위상 방향을 반전시켜야 한다는 것은 당업계에 널리 공지되어 있다. 이들 신호를 주파수가 2c인 기준 발진기(118)로 부터의 신호와 혼합기(330)내에서 혼합시키면 상술한 바와같은 반전이 달성된다. 송신 안테나(104)로의 최종 출력은 2c-(c-a+

East)=c+a-

-

East이며, 이와 마찬가지로 c-a-θ-

West이다.At this time,

West is the spatial phase angle at the input side (

), And also the spatial phase angle (θ) received from the east, the modulated wave from the west is transmitted to the east, and the modulated wave from the east is also transmitted to the west. In order for this modulated wave to be transmitted east, the direction of the spatial phase needs to be reversed, i.e. changed to -theta. It is well known in the art to reverse the phase direction of a signal. The inversion as described above is achieved by mixing these signals in the mixer 330 with signals from the reference oscillator 118 having a frequency of 2c. The final output to the transmit antenna 104 is 2c- (c-a +

East) = c + a-

-

East, likewise ca-θ-

West.

는 서쪽 터미널 방향의 공간각도를 나타내므로, 신호 c+a-

-

East가 서쪽 터미널로 보내어질 것임은 명확하다. c+a는 서쪽 터미널에서 받아들일 수 있는 반송파(C_W)의 주파수이지만, 동쪽 터미널에서 발생한 변조

East를 함유하게 될 것이다. 이와 마찬가지로, 신호 c-a-θ-

West는 동쪽 터미널로부터 받아들인 공간각도 θ를 가지므로, 이 신호는 동쪽 터미널 스테이션으로 보내어질 것이다. 전송된 반송파(C' E)의 주파수는 c-a일 것이며, 이 반송파는

West의 변조를 함유할 것이다. 이와 같이, 다수의.값(A₁,A₂,A₃, …,A_n)을 갖는 적절한 주파수 지정장치에 의하여, 노드는 터미널 스테이션 쌍들 사이의 변조파를 적절하게 방향 변경시킨다. 각각의 값은 특정한 쌍을 설정할 것이다. 노드소자는 각 값 A(및 사용될 이중 채널)에 대해 제11도와 등가인 단일 장치로 가져야만 하는데, 이에 의하여 전술한 바와 같이 채널들 사이의 혼변조를 방지할 수 있다.

Represents the spatial angle in the west terminal direction, so the signal c + a-

-

It is clear that East will be sent to the west terminal. c + a is the frequency of the carrier (C _W ) acceptable at the west terminal, but modulation at the east terminal

It will contain East. Similarly, the signal ca-θ-

Since West has a spatial angle θ received from the east terminal, this signal will be sent to the east terminal station. The frequency of the transmitted carrier (C 'E) will be ca, which is

It will contain the modulation of West. As such, with a suitable frequency designator having a number of values A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ ,..., A _n , the node appropriately redirects the modulated waves between the pair of terminal stations. Each value will set a specific pair. The node element must have a single device equivalent to FIG. 11 for each value A (and the dual channel to be used), thereby preventing intermodulation between the channels as described above.

West 및 c-a-

West)를 전송시킴을 주목하여야 한다.In the embodiment of FIG. 11, not using three signals (i.e., modulated waves Me, Mw and carrier c) as in the embodiment of FIG. 6, only two modulated signals per dual channel (i.e., c + a-

West and ca-

It should be noted that West is transmitted.

Conferences between stations are made by issuing station invocations to a number of other stations in the manner described above. The conference initiator then connects his instrument across the inputs and outputs of the various channels.

If each caller wants to talk to all other conference callers individually, each terminal will call the rest of the conferences after the conference has started.

Another method of conferencing is to assign the same channel designator A ₁ to multiple stations, for example ten stations. Therefore, calling any one of these stations will answer all stations so that all callers can receive or send information from other callers.

In order to prevent the transmission power from being disturbed by the weak reception signal, a method of providing an offset in the reception and transmission frequencies is commonly used. These conditions are not emphasized in the foregoing description, but are intended to simplify the description. Such an offset frequency can be easily achieved, for example, by adjusting the reference oscillator 118 in the node to be different from 2c to z. Similarly, subscriber station oscillator 240 may also be adjusted to provide an accurate match offset so that the reverse loop operates in separate up and down frequency bands.

The offset frequency z may vary depending on the communication path. For example, the subscriber station may be in the node's field of view. Each node can transmit to subscribers on the same frequency channel. However, node A needs an offset frequency of Z ₈ to complete the loop, whereas node B uses an offset frequency of Z _b . The subscriber can select any path by selecting the offset frequency without changing his reception frequency.

This operation is practically important when two subscribers are located in the same direction for Node A but not for Node B. If these two subscribers are served by using the same receive frequency channel, one subscriber may change its station's ropeset frequency to receive from another node. Indeed, it is possible to reuse much more frequencies.

Similarly, the subscriber may be assigned a specific offset frequency Z as well as a specific reception frequency f. In this case, if the number of allocations of different frequencies is n _f and the number of allocations of offset frequencies is n _z , the total number of subscriber channels will be n _f n _z .

In many cases, if the number of subscribers is equal to n _f n _z and they are uniformly distributed and n _z is equal to the number of independent beam positions, no disturbance will occur. This reduces the frequency allocation for n subscribers to √n.

Interferometer methods, well known in the art, can be used in nodes and inverted terminals to observe the spatial phase angle between array elements and to determine the direction from which the signals will be received. According to the present invention, since the carrier signal can be easily confirmed, the above measurement is easily performed. Moreover, since the system requires a complete loop to work, it can send a modulated signal around the loop to measure the distance from the time delay observation between subscribers and intermediate nodes. These data can be used to calculate the location of communication subscribers.

Therefore, the foregoing are preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

Having at least one node station and at least one node station to allow the subscribers to exchange information with each other in a communication link between the subscribers, the first being between one of the subscribers and the node Means (32,36) for forming a retrodirective loop and means (34) for forming a second reverse directional loop between the other subscriber and the node only when the first reverse directional loop is operable (34). And means (100) for allowing said subscribers to exchange information by receiving information destined for said other subscriber at said node. Having at least one pair of subscriber stations and at least one node station each corresponding to a specific signal frequency in order to enable the subscriber stations to exchange information in a communication link between subscriber stations; Means 204 for generating and transmitting a signal having a frequency related to a particular signal frequency to be connected to another subscriber, the signal transmitted by the first subscriber station at the node and the noise generated by the second subscriber station Or generating and transmitting a signal of a specific frequency to each of the subscribers in response to an irregular signal to form a reverse loop between each subscriber and the node so that information can be transferred between the subscribers by the node. Communication Including Means 100 system. A node for use in a communication system comprising at least two subscriber stations, said node having a first control carrier signal of a particular frequency transmitted by one of said subscriber stations and a frequency related to a characteristic frequency of said first control carrier signal. An antenna 102 for receiving a carrier signal, control for combining the first and second control carrier signals to be coupled to the antenna 102 to receive the first and second control carrier signals and to produce a control carrier signal of a particular frequency; A carrier signal processor and a control carrier signal processor, wherein the control carrier is transmitted to each subscriber station so that a reverse oscillation loop can communicate between the subscriber stations and the node. Formed Node containing the antenna 104. A node for use in a communication system comprising at least two subscriber stations, the first and second control carriers having associated frequencies from each of the subscriber stations being received and a reference carrier of a particular frequency created and transmitted to each subscriber station. Means 110 for forming a reverse loop between each subscriber station and the node and from one of the stations as a second means 112 connected to the first means and adapted to receive information bearing signals from the subscriber station. By combining the information signal with the control carrier signal from the other station, the information bearing signal is redirected from the transmitting subscriber station to the receiving subscriber station to enable information communication between the subscriber stations. Node containing the second means (112) for.

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