KR880001790Y1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Circuit breaker

1 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional circuit breaker.

2 is a diagram illustrating the behavior of contact particles between the contacts of a conventional circuit breaker.

3 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of a circuit breaker in a circuit.

4 is an assembly view of FIG.

5 is an explanatory view of the behavior of the contact location in the contact between the circuit breakers in the circuit.

FIG. 5 shows the contact portions of the circuit breakers of FIGS. 3 and 4,

Fig. 5 (a) is a front view, Fig. 5 (b) is a top view, and Fig. 5 (c) is a side view.

7 is a principle diagram for explaining the interaction between the arc and the arc plate.

8 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the eye.

9 is an assembly view of FIG.

10 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the circuit breaker of the eye.

11 is an assembled view of FIG.

12 is an exploded perspective view of a circuit breaker showing another embodiment of the present invention.

13 is an assembled view of FIG.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing a main part of a further embodiment of a circuit breaker in a circuit.

15 is an assembly view of FIG.

Figure 16 (a) is a partial cross-sectional plan view of Figure 14;

FIG. 16 (b) is a side cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB of FIG. 16 (a).

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: fixed conductor 2: fixed contact

3: movable contact 4: movable conductor

5a, 5b: arc shield 6: conductor part

7: Permanent magnet 8: Blowout coil (magnetic drive device)

8 ': insulated tube 9: SOHO plate

10; Control mechanism 11: arc

12: insulation plate 13: arc runner

10a: enclosure 10b: gas outlet

6 ', 20: Magnetic flux plate (magnetic drive device)

The present invention relates to a circuit breaker, and more particularly, to a circuit breaker that improves the current-limiting performance at the time of breaking.

When an example of the conventional circuit breaker is shown, it has a structure as shown in FIG.

In the drawing,

1 is a fixed conductor, 2 is a fixed contact fixed to the end of the fixed conductor 1, and 3 is a movable contact, which is fixed to the end of the movable conductor 4 to be paired with and opposed to the electrostatic contact 2. It consists of: 9 is an arc board, and serves to cool the arc which generate | occur | produced between the contacts (2) and (3).

10 is a cautery mechanism part for opening and closing the movable conductor 4, and 11 is an arc generated between the contacts 2,3.

The conventional circuit breaker is configured in this manner and the operation thereof will be described next.

In Figure 1,

If the high dynamic contact (2) and the movable contact (3) are closed, the current flows from the power supply (not shown) through the fixed conductor (1) to the fixed contact (2) to the movable contact (3) to the movable conductor (4). (Not shown).

When an overcurrent, such as a short circuit current, flows to the load side, the operation mechanism 10 is operated so that the movable contact 3 is separated from the fixed contact 2 to block the current flowing to the load.

At this time, an arc 11 is generated between the movable contact 3 and the fixed contact 2 to generate an arc voltage between the fixed conductor 1 and the movable conductor 4. This arc voltage rises as the separation distance between the fixed contact point 2 and the movable contact point 2 increases, and at the same time, the arc 11 is pulled up by the magnetic force in the direction of the arc plate 9, and further increases. do.

In this way, the arc current extinguishes the arc 11 when the current is zero, and the blocking is completed.

The performance of the circuit breaker that operates in this way is to have a high arc voltage. As the arc voltage increases, the arc current flowing during the breaking operation is suppressed, and the magnitude of the current flowing through the circuit breaker is reduced. .

Therefore, the circuit breaker that generates high arc voltage has high protection against various kinds of electrical equipment including distribution lines arranged in series with the circuit breaker and has a selective cooperative blocking area or a simultaneous blocking area of circuit breakers connected in series. It will be enlarged.

In response to such a request, in the conventional circuit breaker, in order to exhibit a high arc voltage, the movable conductor 4 is separated at a high speed or the arc is extended by improving the shape of the deion arc plate. There was a drawback in that there was a certain limit on the rise of the voltage and no satisfactory results were obtained.

Prior to the description of the circuit breaker of the present invention, the behavior of the arc voltage between the fixed and movable contacts will be described.

In general, the arc resistance has the following relationship.

That is, ρt-1

R: Arc resistance (Ω)

ρ: arc resistivity (Ωcm)

ℓ: Arc length (cm)

s: arc cross-sectional area (cm 2)

In general, however, in a large arc of more than a few KA and a short arc having an arc length of 50 mm or less, the arc space is occupied by the contact particles, but the emission of the contact particles occurs in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface. The released particles have a temperature close to the boiling point of the contact metal material at the time of release, and are injected with electrical energy as soon as they are injected into the arc space, and are electrically heated at high pressure and at the same time, conducting electricity in a direction corresponding to the pressure distribution of the arc space. As it expands, it flows away from the contact at high speed.

In this way, in the arc space, the arc resistance ρ and the arc cross-sectional area S are determined by the generation amount of the contact particle and the emission direction thereof, and thus the arc voltage is also determined by the contact particle behavior. Such behavior of the electrode particles will be described with reference to the conventional circuit breaker as shown in FIG.

In Fig. 11, the arc and the x plane are the opposing surfaces which are the contact surfaces when the respective contacts 2 and 3 are in contact, and the Y plane is the contact surface and the conductor surface which are electrical contact surfaces other than the opposing surface x plane. In the drawing, the contour Z indicated by the constant chain line in the drawing indicates the outline of the arc 11 occurring between the contacts 2 and 3, and a, b, and c denote contact particles at the contact. Where a denotes contact particles emitted at the center of the opposing x surface, b denotes contact and conductor particles emitted on the contact surface and part of the Y surface of the conductor surface, and c denotes the middle of the contact particles a and b. The contact particles emitted near the periphery of the opposing surface x plane, which are the enemy positions, and the path after the discharge flows along each streamline indicated by the arrows m, n and o. Other code | symbols are the same as a 1st degree.

Since the contact particles emitted from the contacts 2 and 3 are heated at the taillight temperature of the contact metal, that is, at about 3,000 ° C., the conductive temperature is raised to about 8,000 ° C. or higher, or 20,000 ° C., at a higher temperature. The energy is deodorized and the temperature of the arc space is lowered, resulting in arc resistance.

Furthermore, the amount of energy desorbed by the contact particles in the arc space is high in temperature rise, and the temperature is determined by the position and the emission path of the electrode particles in the arc space at the contact point.

However, in the conventional circuit breaker shown in FIG. 2, the contact particle a emitted from the center near the x-facing surface desorbs a large amount of energy in the arc space, but the contact is emitted from the contact surface and part of the Y surface of the conductor surface. Particle b has a smaller amount of energy deodorized in the arc space than contact particle a, and the contact particle c emitted from the peripheral portion of the opposing surface x desorbs only the intermediate energy of the amount of energy desorbed by contact particles a and b. .

That is, the temperature of the arc space is lowered by deodorizing a large amount of energy in the flowing range of the contact particle a, thereby increasing the arc resistance ρ, but in the flowing range of the contact particle or C, it is impossible to deodorize a large amount of energy. The temperature decreases less, and therefore, the arc resistance cannot be increased, and furthermore, since arc occurs on the opposing surface x surface and the contact surface Y surface, the arc cross-sectional area is increased and thus the arc resistance is also lowered. Since the outflow of energy from the arc space by the contact particles is proportional to the electrical injection energy, if the injection amount is increased to the arc space of the contact particles generated between the contacts, the temperature of the arc space is greatly reduced, and as a result, the arc It can be seen that the arc voltage can be increased significantly by increasing the resistivity.

The above-mentioned limitation breaks the limit on the rise of the arc voltage in the conventional circuit breaker as described above, increases the injection amount into the arc space of the contact particle generated between the contacts, and at the same time magnetically the arc. By stretching, the circuit breaker that can raise the arc voltage is extremely high.

An embodiment of this invention is described according to the accompanying drawings.

3 and 4 show one embodiment of a high eye. (1) and (4) are fixed and movable conductors in which fixed contacts (2) and movable contacts (3) are fixed to their ends, respectively, which constitute fixed contacts and movable contacts, and both contacts have their respective contacts (2), (3) is arrange | positioned so as to oppose mutually so that attachment and detachment are possible.

(5a) and (5b) are formed of a high resistivity material having higher resistivity than conductors 4 and 1, respectively, and surround conductors 4 and 1 so as to surround the outer periphery of contacts 3 and 2. It is a built-in arc shield.

As the method for forming the arc shields 5a and 5b, a high resistance material such as ceramics is coated on the conductors 4 and 1 with, for example, a spray jet, or made of a high resistance material. Sticking to (4) and (1) can be considered.

Furthermore, as the high odor material, for example, high-resistance metals such as nickel, iron, copper nickel, copper alloy, copper alloy, iron carbon, iron nickel and iron chromium may be used in addition to organic or inorganic insulators.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a blow out coil, which is a magnetic drive device, with one end connected to the fixed conductor 1 and the other end connected to the conductor portion 6 insulated from the fixed conductor 1.

The Iburoout coil 8 is located on the side of the contact opening and closing part to create a magnetic flux that crosses the arc at a right angle when an electric current flows, so that the magnetic flux drives the arc in the direction of the arc plate 9 provided near the contact ( As in the third degree).

In addition, the size of the blowout coil 8 is a size which can include both the fixed contact 2 and the movable contact 3 of the erogye when viewed from the direction A of FIG.

Furthermore, 10 is an operation mechanism part for operating the movable conductor 4. Since the operation of the circuit breaker having the above configuration is the same as that of the conventional apparatus, the description thereof will be omitted, but the behavior of the contact particles and the like between the contact points will be described later because it is different from the conventional apparatus. In Fig. 5, (2) and (3) are mutually opposing contacts, and each of the fixed conductors 1 and the movable conductors 4 includes an arc shield 5a, ( 5b) is as described above.

Also, in the figure, x, a, e, m are the same as those shown in FIG. 2, Z _o is the outer periphery of the space of the arc 11 compressed by Io, and O _o The streamline of the contact particle c flowing through the path, and also Q reflects the pressure generated by the arc 11 by the arc shields 5a, 5b, and raises the pressure that was lowered in the conventional one without the arc shield. This is the part of the space marked with cross diagonal lines. The electrode particles between the contacts of the circuit breaker have the following behavior.

In other words, the pressure value in the space Q cannot be equal to or higher than the pressure value in the arc 11 itself, but displays an overwhelmingly high pressure value as compared with the case where the arc shields 5a and 5b are not provided. Therefore, the considerably high pressure of the space Q generated by the arc shields 5a and 5b becomes a force that suppresses the expansion of the arc 11 space, thereby "compressing" the arc 11 into a narrow space.

In other words, the compressed wires of the contact particles a, c, etc. generated at the opposite surface x are compressed and closed in the arc space.

Therefore, the contact particles generated in the opposing surface x effectively cools the arc space because the large amount of contact particles injected in the arc space deodorizes a large amount of energy which cannot be compared with the conventional one in the arc space.

Therefore, the arc resistance, that is, the arc resistivity is significantly increased, thereby raising the arc voltage extremely high.

As described above, it is added to the arc turn bodies 5a and 5b to install a blowout coil 8 and to actuate the driving force on the arc 11 by the magnetic flux generated by the blowout wood coil 8. Since the arc 11 having a high resistivity as described above is extended to the light-receiving house part and cooled by the arc board 9, the arc voltage between the high conductor 1 and the movable conductor 4 is extremely high. Will be done.

Although the outline of the arc extruding phenomenon of the circuit breaker of FIG. 3, FIG. 4 is as above-mentioned, the problem remains with respect to the small current like load current. For small currents, rather than the current-limiting performance, the breaking performance at the current zero, that is, the insulation recovery of the arc space at the current zero becomes a problem.

This is for the following reason.

Break current If

If = v / z

If: Breaking current

v: circuit voltage

z: Circuit impedance

In the case of a small current, the circuit impedance is much larger than the resistance of the arc and little downstream of the arc occurs.

Thus, the current zero is generated at a point defined by the circuit impedance.

In this situation, if the circuit impedance is large and the inductance is large, the instantaneous value of the circuit voltage at the current zero is high, and in order to enable the interruption, the insulation of the arc space must be restored to the voltage difference between the circuit voltage and the arc voltage.

On the other hand, when the large current interruption, that is, the circuit impedance is small, the current limit due to the arc is large, and the current zero also changes drastically in correspondence with the degree of current limiting, and becomes zero at the point where the insulation recovery power of the arc is sufficient. It can be blocked in the form having.

As described above, the small current interruption requires an extremely severe breaking performance in some cases than the large current interruption.

In this regard, the insulation recovery power of the space is to directly heat absorption by the elongation and cooling member of the arc lifter for a small current in order to obtain the thermal cooling power of the arc lifter. An arc board is an example of this kind of means, and is generally comprised by a magnetic body, and is easy to attract and extend an arc.

The relationship between an arc and an arc board is demonstrated by drawing.

In Fig. 7, reference numeral 9 denotes an arc extinguishing plate, 11 denotes an arc cross section, and current flows in a direction from the surface to the back surface perpendicular to the ground.

The magnetic field produced by this arc 11 is indicated by m in the figure.

In such a configuration, the peripheral magnetic field of the arc 11 is deformed under the influence of the arc plate 9 of the magnetic body, and the magnetic flux in the space close to the magnetic body is rarely indicated by F.

That is, it is pulled in the direction attracted to the arc extinguishing plate 9.

In this way, the arc is elongated and absorbed heat by the extinguishing plate 9, thereby strengthening the insulation recovery power of the light lifting peripheral part.

However, in the above-described arc shielding bodies 5a and 5b, the root of the arc is limited on the contact surface, so the distance from the arc plate 9 is also far, and thus the effective suction force is not applied, so the elongation of the arc is not sufficient. Do not.

Therefore, the cooling of the photovoltaic column at the current zero point is insufficient, and thus, the insulation recovery power for the small current is small, which has a problem in breaking performance.

It is another embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 that solved this difficulty.

In this embodiment, the arc shields 5a, 5b are formed with grooves 20 ', 20' facing outwards from the contacts 3, 2, and two grooves 20 ', 20'. Some of the conductors 4 and 1 are exposed to the contacts 3 and 2 continuously.

Since the grooves 20 'and 20' are opened in the direction of the arc plate 9, the arc 11 is guided to the grooves 20 'and 20' and the arc plate 9 is directed. It is pulled by the arc and the elongation of the arc can be made even more effective.

As a result, the arc positive column is directly contacted to the arc board (9) to be absorbed a large amount of heat here, so that it is sufficiently cooled, thereby increasing the insulation recovery power for a small current.

10 and 11 show another embodiment of the eye. (1) and (4) are fixed and movable conductors in which fixed contacts (2) and movable contacts (3) are fixed to their ends, respectively, which constitute fixed contactors and movable contactors, and both contactors respectively have contacts (2), (3) is arranged to face each other so as to be detached.

(5a) and (5b) are formed of a highly insulating material having a higher resistivity than the respective conductors (4) and (1) to surround the outer periphery of the contacts (3) and (2) on the conductors (4) and (1). It is a built-in arc shield.

One arc shield 5b is provided with a groove 20 'which opens in the direction of the arc runner 13 to be described later, and a part of the fixed conductor 1 is formed in the groove 20' with the fixed contact 2; It is exposed continuously. The method of forming the arc shields 5a and 5b and the material used are exactly the same as in the above-described embodiment.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a blowout coil which is a magnetic drive device, one end of which is connected to the high conductor 1 and the other end of which is connected to the arc runner 13. This blowout coil (8) is located on the side of the contact opening and closing portion, and when the spot of the arc is current from the fixed contact point (2) to the arc runner (13), the magnetic flux crossing the arc at right angles makes the magnetic flux near the contact point. It wound in the direction (same as FIG. 10) to make it drive in the direction of the arc board 9 provided in the inside.

In addition, the size of the outer coil 8 in the opening is a size that can include both the fixed contact point 2 and the movable contact point 3 at the time of opening when viewed in the direction A in FIG. 10.

The arc runner 13 is made of a good conductor and is mounted on the high conductor 1 through the insulating plate 12.

Moreover, 10 is an operation mechanism part for operating the movable conductor 4. The operation of the circuit breaker configured as described above is the same as that of the conventional apparatus, and the behavior of contact particles and the like between the contact points is as shown in FIG. 5 and the detailed behavior is effective as described above. Is raised very high.

As described above, in addition to the arc shields 5a and 5b, the blowout coil 8 is installed, and when the arc 11 is current, magnetic flux generated by the blowout coil 8 forms an arc 11. The groove 11 'is formed in the arc shield 5b for inducing the arc 11 to actuate the driving force and to facilitate the arc 11 transition to the arc runner 13. Thus, the resistivity is reduced as described above. Since the elevated arc 11 is extended by the light housewife again and cooled by the arc plate 9, the arc voltage between the high conductor 1 and the movable conductor 4 is extremely increased. 12 and 13 show another embodiment of the eye. (1) and (4) are fixed and movable conductors in which fixed contacts (2) and movable contacts (3) are fixed to their ends, which constitute fixed contactors and movable contactors, respectively, and both contact points respectively include contacts (2), (3) is arrange | positioned mutually so that attachment and detachment are possible.

(5a) and (5b) are each formed of a high insulating material having a higher refraction rate than that of the conductors (4) and (1), so as to surround the outer periphery of the contacts (3) and (2). Arc shielding body installed in

The method of forming the arc shields 5a and 5b and the material used are the same as in the above-described embodiment.

(9) is a sub-board installed near the contact point, on both sides of which is a magnetic body for sandwiching the contacts (2) and (3), and a pair of magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6', which are magnetic drive devices, are arranged. .

(7) is a permanent magnet provided between the magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6' and its outer circumference is covered with an insulated tube 8 'to prevent burnout by the arc. The magnetic poles of both ends of the permanent magnet 7 are exclusive of the magnetic flux between the magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6' and the arc current between the contacts 2 and 3, respectively. It is arranged to match the direction of).

The operation of the circuit breaker constructed as described above is the same as the conventional apparatus, and the behavior of the contact particles and the like between the contact points is as shown in FIG.

The actions and effects of the action of the contact particles in the arc of the arc shown in FIG. 5 are as described above, which raises the arc voltage very high.

As described above, the magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6' are installed in addition to the arc shields 5a and 5b to install the permanent magnets 7, and furthermore, between the magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6'. Since it is comprised so that it may correspond to the direction of the vector arc plate | board 9 of a magnetic flux and an arc current, a strong driving force is received in the direction of the arc positive beam main part and the arc plate 9.

As a result, the arc whose retractivity is increased by the arc shields 5a and 5b is elongated again and is divided and cooled by the arc plate 9, so that the arc between the fixed conductor 1 and the movable conductor 4 is reduced. The voltage rises extremely.

14 to 16 (a) and 16 (b) show another embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 10a denotes an enclosure, and reference numeral 1 denotes a high-conductor curved in a u-shape, and a fixed contact 2 is fixed to an end of the bent piece 1a.

(4) is a toggle mover made of a conductor that opens and closes by operation of the tissue mechanism part 10, and at one end thereof, a movable contact 3 is fixed. The bent piece 1a and the toggle mover 4 of the high conductor 1 respectively constitute a fixed contactor and a movable contactor, and both contactors are disposed to face each other so that the contacts 2 and 3 of the high contactor can contact each other. have.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a magnetic flux plate made of a substantially u-shaped magnetic body, and both end portions of the magnetic flux plate 20 face each other in a state where the fixed contact point 2 of the fixed conductor 1 is fixed at both ends. Doing. Moreover, the bottom part of the magnetic flux plate 20 is arrange | positioned between two parallel pieces of the u-shaped part of the highly conductive conductor 1.

The arc shield 5b is disposed on the fixed conductor 1 so as to surround the circumference of the fixed contact 2 of the high conductor 1, and the arc shield 5a is the outer circumference of the movable contact 3 of the toggle actuator 4. The method of forming and the material used are the same as those of the above-described embodiment.

Next, the operation will be described.

The operation of the toggle actuator 4 by the operation of the operating mechanism 10 is the same as the conventional one, but in this design, since the magnetic flux plate 20 is installed, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic field formed by the current flowing through the high conductor 1 is Since the extremely small and strong magnetic flux is generated, the arc 11 between the contacts due to the magnetic flux receives a strong driving force in the direction of the sub-board 9.

Next, the behavior of the contact particles of the arc column between the contacts 2 and 3 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 5, the detailed behavior of the contact particles in the arc space is the same as in the above-described embodiment, and there are numerous actions and effects to raise the arc voltage extremely high.

As described above, since the magnetic flux plate 20 is installed in addition to the arc shields 5a and 5b, the arc 11 between the contacts receives a strong driving force in the direction of the arc-proof plate 9 and thus the fixed conductor 1 The above-mentioned effect is further promoted by raising the arc voltage between the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

In the above embodiments, if the arc shields 5a and 5b are formed by coating, the arc shields 5a and 5b are formed easily at low cost. In particular, since the weight is smaller on the movable conductor 4 side, the moment of inertia becomes smaller, so that the release speed of the movable conductor 4 is faster and the arc voltage is increased.

In addition, although the arc board 9 is not necessarily required, it is more effective to use it.

Although the material of the arc board 9 is formed of a magnetic material or a nonmagnetic material, in a circuit breaker having a large rating, the temperature rise during the rated operation is a problem, which causes a large eddy current caused by the magnetic material. You can get rid of the same flaws.

In the above embodiment, a single pole breaker has been described as an example, but the present invention may be applied to each pole of the multipole breaker.

As described above, according to this design, by adding a simple device at low cost, the arc voltage can be significantly increased by far exceeding the limitations of the conventional circuit breaker, and thus high current limiting performance can be obtained.

Claims (6)

Between the conductors (1) and (4) and a pair of contacts which are movable and fixed contacts with contacts (2) and (3) fixed to the conductors, which are arranged to open and close the electrical circuit, and contacts which the contacts break away from Arc shields 5a, 5b, which are disposed on a conductor so as to surround the contact so as to suppress diffusion of the arc, and formed of a high resistivity material having a higher resistivity than the conductor, the arc shields 5a, 5b. An arc runner 13 formed of one of the movable and fixed contacts formed of a lower resistive material having a lower resistivity and installed at one end near the contact point so that an arc can be transmitted from the contact point. And a magnetic driving device for making a magnetic field in contact with the arc magnetic field generated between the contacts such that the arc is driven along the arc runner (13). 2. The arc shields 5a and 5b of claim 1 have grooves 20 'extending in the direction in which the arc flows at the contact, and the conductor surface exposed by the grooves 20' is exposed to the arc. A circuit breaker comprising the runner (13). 2. The magnetic drive device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic drive device is a broout coil (8), one end of which is connected to the fixed contactor and the other end of the magnetic contactor to the conductor portion (6) insulated from the fixed contact. A circuit breaker characterized in that the connection. 2. The magnetic drive device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic drive device comprises a pair of magnetic flux plates 6 ', 6' and two magnetic flux plates 6 'and 6' which are provided opposite to both sides of a space for contacting the contact. The rod-shaped permanent magnet 7 'is installed in the liver, so that the vector between the magnetic flux between the magnetic flux plates 6' and 6 'and the arc magnetic flux between the contacts generated during separation is matched with the flow direction of the arc. Circuit breaker, characterized in that. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic drive device is a u-shaped magnetic body provided around a conductor between both ends of the fixed contact. According to claim 1, wherein the conductor end of the fixed contact is bent into a u-shape, and the magnetic drive device is a state in which the vicinity of a contact on the conductor of the high contact is sandwiched from both sides, and both ends thereof face each other, and the bottom portion thereof is opposed. A circuit breaker comprising: a magnetic flux plate (20) made of a u-shaped magnetic body disposed between two parallel pieces of said u-shaped portion of said conductor.