KR830001017B1 - Mass transfer device - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Mass transfer device

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gas absorber.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of different scales along line A-A of FIG. 1. FIG.

3 is a schematic view of a continuous distillation apparatus according to the present invention.

4 is a schematic representation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 suitable for vapor recompression.

The present invention relates to a device for mass transfer between two fluidized beds (at least one liquid).

"Mass transfer" means the movement of at least a portion of the solute material relative to the first fluid phase, from the second fluid phase to the first fluid phase, or vice versa, in which case the first fluid phase is (a ) Is liquid, (b) incompatible with the second fluidized bed, and (c) has a greater density than the second fluidized bed. The absorption and distillation methods widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries are typical mass transfer methods. If the mass transfer method involves solute transfer, from liquid to gas, or vice versa, the method may be a "gas-film controlled" or "liquid-film controlled" mass transfer method. In the "gas-film controlled" mass transfer method, such as the absorption of ammonia into water from ammonia / air mixtures, the mass transfer rate is mainly limited by the diffusion of the solute through the gas phase. The "liquid-film controlled" mass transfer method, for example, in the absorption of oxygen from water to air, is limited by the diffusion of the solute through the liquid phase. If the mass transfer method involves the transfer of solutes from the first liquid to the second liquid, this method is a "liquid-film controlled" mass transfer method, and the mass transfer rate is primarily due to the diffusion of the solute through one of the liquids. Limited.

The mass transfer rate is conveniently expressed as the mass transfer coefficient. For gas-film controlled and liquid-film controlled mass transfer methods they are called K _G and K _L , respectively.

As can be seen from British Patent No. 757,149, the mass transfer speed between the two fluidized beds increases as the fluid accelerates to about 2,000 m sec ^-2 , while they flow through the usual obstruction in a rotary mass transfer device. .

As described above, the inventors of the present invention have a mass transfer velocity of at least 80% between two fluidized beds and consist of strands, fibers, fibres, or filaments, and the fluid flowing through the pores is about 5,000 m. It was found to be further enhanced by using a permeable member that rotates to receive an average acceleration of sec ⁻² or higher.

The present invention thus provides a device for carrying out mass transfer between two fluidized beds (at least one liquid), which is adapted to load fluid into a permeable member (as described below) rotatable on an axis. A device for releasing at least one of the fluids or derivatives thereof from the device and the permeable member, the permeable member having at least 80% of voids and consisting of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments and through the pores thereof And the flowing fluid rotates to receive an average acceleration of at least about 5,000 m sec ^-2 .

"Permeable member" means (a) fluid passes through its pores, and the wall surface of the pores provides a flexible and continuous passage through which fluid can flow, and (b) fluids flowing through it Means the absence of a device according to the invention, which rotates to receive an average acceleration of at least 150 m sec ^-2 .

In the device according to the invention it is preferred that the average acceleration received by the fluid is greater than about 5,000 m sec ^-2 , as the speed of mass movement is sometimes surprising when the average acceleration is increased to about 5,000 m sec ^-2 or more. Because we increase as much.

The present invention also provides a method of carrying out mass transfer between two fluidized beds (at least one liquid), in which the two fluids penetrate the permeable member together with a first fluid in which the two fluids flow radially outward from the axis. The fluid consists of charging the above-mentioned fluid into a permeable member that rotates the permeable member about an axis such that the fluid ^undergoes an average acceleration of at least 150 m sec ^-2 as it flows through the permeable member, the permeable member having at least 80% voids. And composed of strands, fibers, fibrils, or filaments, wherein the fluid flowing through the pores thereof is rotated to receive an average acceleration of at least about 5,000 m sec ⁻² .

The permeable member has at least 90% voids and is preferably composed of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments. In particular, the permeable member preferably has at least 93% voids, even more preferably at least 95% voids.

The permeable member preferably has a contact area of at least 1500 m ² / m ³ , in particular at least 3,000 m ² / m ³ .

By "contact area" is meant the surface area of the permeable member which the derivative can contact per unit volume of the permeable member.

The average acceleration a _m is defined by the following equation.

Food

By "pore" is meant the total volume percent of the permeable member, which is a glass space, and "fluid" means a substance or mixture of substances, which is a gas or a liquid at the temperature and pressure conditions under which the inventive device is operated. For example, if the second fluid is a gas it may be a kind of gas or a mixture of gases and the first fluid and / or the second fluid (if it is a liquid) may be a pure liquid or a solution of one or more solutes in the liquid. And solutes may be gases, liquids or solids.

When the permeable member is formed of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, each strand, fiber, fibrils or filaments is merely in physical contact with adjacent strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, such as, for example, agglomerates of fibers. They may be mechanically bonded to one another, for example by knitting, or they may be jointly bonded, for example by fusion or by forming a so-called metal skeleton.

Where the permeable member consists of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, each of the strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments has an equivalent diameter of less than 150 microns, in particular less than 30 microns and a single strand, fiber, fibrils or The filaments form a significant portion of the pores of the permeable member because this sometimes promotes mass transfer. For example, the permeable member may be formed from a tape knitted into wire mono-filament.

The equivalent diameter de is defined by the equation

(Coulson and Richardson's "Chemical Engineering", vol 1, 2nd Edition, 210)

As a feature of the invention in which the permeable member rotates such that the fluid flowing through its pores receives an average acceleration of at least about 5,000 m sec ⁻² , the permeable member may contain a conventional closure material.

Such occlusion materials include intarox saddles, latching rings, pottery shavings, glass beads, and the like. However, the permeable member preferably has a void of at least 80% and is composed of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, because in this way material movement is sometimes enhanced.

The cross-sectional shape of the strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments (if they are used) can be, for example, annular, triangular, cruciform or triskelion, although annular is preferred.

The permeable member preferably has a plane of symmetry if there is an axis of rotation, for example in the form of a permeable rod that is perpendicular to the axis of the permeable rod and rotates on an axis away from its midpoint. It is particularly preferred that the permeable member has a plurality of symmetrical planes, in which case the symmetrical planes intersect at a line coinciding with the axis of rotation, for example in the form of a permeable rod that is perpendicular to the axis of the permeable rod and rotates at an axis coinciding with its intermediate point. Most preferably, the penetrating rod has an axis of symmetry coinciding with the axis of rotation, for example the penetrating member is in the form of a ring that rotates around its axis of symmetry. If the permeable member is in the form of a ring, the outer diameter of the ring is typically in the range 25 cm-5 m, and its inner diameter is typically in the range 5 cm-100 cm.

The permeable member may be an integral component or a plurality of discrete components. When the permeable member is united, pores may be formed, may have pores formed therein, and may be arranged to form pores between the portions thereof. Each component may be permeable when the permeable member consists of a plurality of discrete components, or alternatively each component may be non-invasive. Sometimes when the permeable member is formed of each component these components are preferably strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, in which case the pores of the permeable member are between their components. Sometimes the permeable member is integral and mechanically self-supporting because it is reduced by the use of its voids. It is sometimes convenient to form the permeable member into a suitably formed portion of a mechanically supporting material, such as a fan or arch portion.

The permeable member may be formed of a material having a mechanical strength that supports the stresses arising in the material during the rotation of the permeable member at the rotational speed used. The substance preferably resists corrosion by the fluid or reaction with the fluid. Typically the material forming the permeable member is glass, plastic such as silicone resin or polyretrafluoroethylene, or chemically resistant metals such as stainless steel, nickel, titanium or tantalum. Alternatively, the material may be a mixture of two or more materials in a suitable arrangement. For example it may contain a corrosion resistant coating such as glass or strand against corrosive supports such as corrosive metal strands.

While the permeable member is convenient to be homogeneous, we do not rule out the possibility that the permeable member may be a mixture. For example, it may be a ring-like mixture of a wire mesh surrounded by a ring of metal skeletal bubbles.

Representative examples of materials suitable for use as the permeable member in the device of the present invention include, in particular, coils of woven tapes, sintered materials, knitted wire mesh, skeletal bubbles, and the like.

"Skeleton foam" means a relatively rigid reticulated bubble, typically a metal or a pottery. Such bubbles may be metal-coated in agglomerates of fibers, such as felt, or in open-cell bubbles, such as open-cell polyurethane bubbles, and then dissolved or otherwise removed to remove three-dimensional mesh It is produced by metal meshes in the form of a plurality of thin strands or fibers interconnected in a structure. By "relatively robust" it is meant that the matrix can withstand centrifugal forces and other loads exerted upon the operation of the device according to the invention without undergoing significant deformation. When there is a considerable amount of deformation described above, there is a tendency for the pores of the bubbles to be sealed, thereby unduly restricting the flow of the fluid through them. Metal skeleton bubbles also have the additional advantage of being able to easily produce them to a certain size and to sufficiently deform them into a form suitable for mounting in the device according to the invention. As the contact area to the permeable member increases, the pressure drop of the permeable member increases.

If the permeable member is mechanically non-self-supporting, for example composed of an integral component arranged to form pores between its parts, or a plurality of separate components, and in the case of a mixture, the permeable member in the desired shape A device is sometimes needed to hold and maintain its permeability. The above-mentioned device is preferably in the form of a member rotatable on the same axis as the penetrating member (hereinafter referred to as "rotating member"). In this case, the permeable member is disposed. Furthermore, when the permeable member is mechanically self-supporting, it is sometimes desirable for the permeable member to be disposed on the rotating member.

When the rotating member is used, the permeable member may be disposed on all or part of the rotating member. The size of the permeable member and its placement on the rotating member can be determined by the density and contact area of the permeable member and by the flow characteristics of the fluid. In the case where the permeable member is arranged on a part of the rotating member, it is sometimes desirable that the permeable member is arranged on the radially outer part of the rotating member, because the distance from the axis acts on the fluid to form a layer. This is because the magnitude of the centrifugal force increases and thus the thickness of the layer decreases. When the permeable member is disposed on a rotating member having an axis of symmetry coinciding with the axis of rotation, it is preferred that the permeable member is distributed symmetrically about the axis so that it maintains a dynamic balance when the rotating member rotates.

When a rotating member is used, it is characterized by (a) mechanical strength at which the rotating member withstands the stresses in the material during the rotation and (b) corrosion resistance to withstand the environment in which the rotating member can come into contact with it during use. It can be produced with a material having. Representative materials from which the rotating member can be produced are in particular stainless steel, mild steel, brass, aluminum, nickel and monnell. The selection of suitable materials is not a problem for those skilled in the art.

The speed at which the permeable member is rotated depends in particular on its porosity, the production of the required fluid and the radius at which the fluid flows in the permeable member. The minimum speed at which the permeable member is rotated is sometimes determined by the flow characteristics of the liquid. The maximum speed at which the permeable member is rotated is controlled by the mechanical strength of the permeable member and, when used, by the mechanical strength of the rotating member. If a rotating member is used and this is in the form of a hollow stainless steel disc with permeable members disposed, a typical rotation speed of 1,000-3,000 rpm for a 0.5 m diameter disc and 500-2,000 rpm for a 1 m diameter disc may be 400-1,000 rpm for the disc. As the speed of rotation increases, the thickness of the liquid layer on the walls of the pores of the permeable member decreases at a particular distance from the axis of rotation.

In general, the rotational speed is in the range of 50-10,000 rpm, preferably 100-5,000 rpm, particularly preferably 500-2,000 rpm.

The rotational speed of the penetrating member can be easily calculated with a predetermined average acceleration and a predetermined radius of the fluid flowing in the penetrating member.

It is sometimes advantageous to make the axis vertical when the axis of rotation is horizontal or vertical or at an angle between them. When an annular penetrating member is used, a typical rotational movement is exerted on the penetrating member by a shaft protruding from the plane of the ring along the axis. (Eg from the top and / or bottom if the axis is vertical). The permeable member can be rotated by, for example, a variable fluid drive and its pulley can be driven from the electric motor by a belt or by turbo-propulsion.

Bearings for rotating members may be well known in the art, for example, conventional radial and thrust bearings.

In the method according to the invention the flow direction of the second fluid is determined by the relative density of the two fluids and the flow velocity of the two fluids. It is also possible to manipulate co-flow or countercurrent motion.

The flow of liquid through the pores of the permeable member is a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, ie radial flow, but does not exclude the possibility of a small component flow parallel to the axis. By using a penetrating member having a radial thickness substantially greater than an axial length, such as a disk-shaped penetrating member and charging the first fluid uniformly along the axial thickness of the disk, the flow of the first fluid has an axial component. It can be seen that the probability is reduced. For example, if the permeable member is disc shaped, it may have a diameter of 80 cm and an axial thickness of 20 cm.

At least most of the first fluid or derivative thereof is released from the penetrating member adjacent to the radial outer perimeter of the penetrating member. Thus, a device is provided which minimizes the release of liquid material away from the radial outer circumference of the permeable member. For example, if the permeable member is annular, it can be formed in an integral appearance in its two planes, or the disc can be kept in contact with each of the above-mentioned planes, or if one is used the rotating member can It may be suitable for preventing the above-mentioned emission away from the radial outer circumference. For example, the rotating member may be a hollow disk on which an annular penetrating member is disposed. The plane of the permeable member forms a seal with the plane of the hollow disk.

If a counterflow flow is used, a device is needed adjacent to the radial outer circumference of the penetrating member to be away from the axis of rotation and preferably to fill the penetrating member with a second fluid.

As the first fluid flows radially outward through the rotary permeable member, the pressure received by the first fluid increases. Thus, in order to fill the permeable member with the second fluid when countercurrent flow is used, the second fluid must be maintained at a pressure greater than the pressure of the first fluid at the position of the permeable member where the permeable member is filled with the second fluid.

When the penetrating member is supported by the rotating member, the device by transferring the first fluid to the penetrating member typically contains an orifice in the rotating member through which the fluid flows. The conveying device is conveniently arranged in the axial direction when the rotating member is a hollow disk but does not rule out the possibility of being installed in the middle of the device for filling the permeable portion with the rotating shaft and the second fluid. If the first fluid is a mixture of components they can be transferred to the permeable member via the same or separate conveying devices. For example, they can be conveyed through centrifuge tubes.

When the permeable member supported on the rotating member is used in the device according to the present invention, the device for discharging the first fluid or its components or derivatives from the rotating member contains one or more orifices around the rotating member away from the rotating shaft. Through the orifice the fluid is released as a spray. For example, in the case where the rotating member is a hollow disk in which an annular permeable member is disposed, the orifice is conveniently in the form of a slit extending circumferentially on the wall of the hollow disk, which is preferably continuous, or Multiple orifices may be equipped.

When the permeable member supported on the rotating member is used in the apparatus of the present invention, the device for discharging the second fluid or its components or derivatives from the rotating member may be adapted to provide at least one orifice to the rotating member through which the second fluid or its components or derivatives flow. It contains. If the rotating member is a hollow disk in which the annular permeable member is arranged, the orifice is conveniently arranged in the axial direction.

If a permeable member or a rotating member is used, it is convenient to be mounted in a stationary fluid collection device such as a housing, for example, and in the case of a fluid collection device fluid or components or derivatives thereof released from the permeable member away from the axis of rotation can be collected. . Furthermore, if the stationary fluid collection device is a sealed housing, the second fluid can be filled into it and then filled into the permeable member, for example via an orifice suitably disposed on the rotating member. The permeable member and the rotating member are mounted to the fluid collector when it is used in the apparatus of the present invention so that the fluid discharged from the penetrating member away from the rotating shaft does not come into contact with the released fluid adjacent to the rotating shaft. In contrast, the permeable member or the rotating member is provided with a circumferentially soft passage in which it is used, through which the first fluid flows.

The residence time of the fluid in the permeable member is a function of the radial dimensions of the permeable member, the properties and permeability of the permeable member, the rotational speed, and the flow rate of the fluid. These parameters interact with each other to affect residence time. For example, if the radius (of the disc permeable member) increases, the other parameter that keeps the residence time constant increases; if the flow rate increases, the other parameter that keeps the residence time constant decreases; If increasing, other parameters that keep the residence time constant decrease.

In order to regenerate the permeable member having a large area of liquid surface, it is preferable that the liquid first and / or second fluid wet the entire wall surface of the pores of the permeable member. In order to enhance the wetting of the permeable member, the surface of the pores of the permeable member is preferably coated with a wetting agent, or preferably the wetting agent is applied to at least one fluid.

Each of the plurality of permeable members is equipped with a suitable fluid collection device (typically a housing), but does not exclude the possibility that a cylindrical passage as described above and a removal device associated therewith may be used. If desired, suitable pumps may be provided interconnected side by side to adjacent permeable members.

The invention therefore also provides a device for moving a substance between two fluid phases (at least one liquid), which device is at least 150 m sec ^-2 with a first fluid in which the fluid flows radially outward away from the axis of rotation. The permeable member flows through the pores of the permeable member at an average acceleration of and the wall surface of the pores consists of a plurality of permeable members connected in series to provide a serpentine continuous surface through which the fluid flows, each penetrating member having at least 80 It is characterized by having a void of% and composed of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, and the above-mentioned pores rotating so as to receive an average acceleration of about 5,000 m sec ^-2 or more.

Each permeable member is preferably annular, more preferably the axis of each ring coincides with the axis of rotation.

The material and structure of the permeable member and the material and structure of the rotating member (if it is used) can be selected according to the nature of the mass transfer occurring therein. For example, when the endothermic reaction takes place in the apparatus of the present invention, the permeable member and / or the rotating member may be equipped with a heating device such as an electrical resistance wire, and when the exothermic reaction occurs in the apparatus of the present invention, the permeable member and / or the rotating member It may be equipped with a cooling device such as a cooling coil.

The device according to the invention can be used in particular for absorption, desorption, countercurrent extraction, distillation and homogenization methods.

The absorption method which can be carried out in the apparatus of the present invention may be a physical method such as, for example, absorption of ammonia, nitric oxide, or hydrogen chloride in water, absorption of ammonia in brine, or absorption of nitric oxide in nitric acid, or absorption method. Absorption of sulfur dioxide in lime oil to form calcium sulfite; Absorption of oxygen / air mixtures for oxidizing hydrocarbons such as cumene, cyclohexane or xylene; Absorption of sulfur trioxide on sulfonation of organic compounds, in particular C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ α-olefins; Absorption of chlorine or bromine for chlorination and bromination of paraffins and olefins; It may be a physical method such as absorption of chlorine in caustic soda solution for the preparation of hypochlorite salts.

Desorption methods that can be carried out in the apparatus of the present invention include, in particular, removal of reaction by-products such as ethylene glycol from the polymerization melt of polyethylene terephthalate "monomers"; Deodorization of natural oils and fats such as cottonseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and laards by treating oils or fats with steam; Volatilization of organic substances from aqueous solutions such as removal of acetone from water by air; And removal of ammonia and carbon dioxide from brine. Sometimes this desorption method is carried out under reduced pressure, typically 1-10 mmHg.

Extractions that can be carried out in the apparatus according to the invention include, inter alia, extraction of benzene, toluene and xylene from napra reforming, for example using diethylene glycol or sulfolane as extractant; Dehydration of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride with oleum; There is extraction of formic acid and acetic acid from the so-called black liquor of the cellulose industry with methyl ethyl ketone.

Distillation that can be carried out in the apparatus of the present invention includes in particular separation of ethylbenzene from xylene, separation of C ₂ hydrocarbons (ethylene from ethane), separation of C ₃ hydrocarbons (propylene from propane), separation of aromatics, mono- Separation of di- and trimethylamine and ethylamine, separation of isopentane from hard napras, and propylene oxide / water separation.

When distillation is performed in the apparatus of the present invention, a liquefaction apparatus such as a condenser is required to liquefy the vapor discharged from the permeable member, and a vaporization apparatus such as a boiler is required to evaporate the liquid. The vapor is then charged into the permeable member. It is preferable that a plurality of permeable members each having a fluid collection device coupled thereto and supported by the rotating member are connected in series, and auxiliary devices such as a liquefaction device and an evaporator are installed in the serially connected members to form a distillation device.

The present invention thus also provides an evaporator, which comprises a plurality of permeable members, each of which is connected in series with a fluid collector, which can be arbitrarily rotated about a coaxial axis, an evaporator for evaporating liquid, and the series described above. It consists of a liquefaction device for liquefying the vapors released from the connected members, each having a permeability of at least 80% and consisting of strands, fibers, fibres, or filaments, and the fluid flowing through its pores. Rotatable to receive an average acceleration of 5,000m sec ^-2 or more.

When continuous distillation is performed in the distillation apparatus described above, the point at which the liquid feed is supplied to the distillation apparatus is determined by the composition of the liquid feed. The aforementioned points are easily determined by those skilled in the art. The low boiling point and high boiling fractions of the above-mentioned feed flow through the permeable member from the above-mentioned point to both ends of the series connected members which are respectively released as vapor and liquid. The vapor is liquefied in the liquefaction apparatus, part of the liquid is collected and part is returned to the above-mentioned serially connected members. Some of the liquid discharged from the in-situ penetrating member is collected and some is evaporated in the evaporator and the resulting increase is returned to the in-situ penetrating member.

The distillation apparatus of the present invention is suitable for the so-called "steam recompression", "steam recompression" means the compression of steam and the extraction of heat from the heat exchanger. Steam exiting the in-medium permeable member is compressed in the compressor, from which the hot steam and / or liquid is fed to the heat exchanger via an expansion device. In the heat exchanger the hot steam and / or liquid loses heat, which is absorbed by a portion of the liquid discharged from the permeable member in series, which therefore requires less heat from the boiler for evaporation. In this way, the overall energy requirement of the distillation apparatus is reduced. The compressor is driven by a drive shaft that rotates one or more permeable members.

Referring to the present invention in detail based on the accompanying drawings as follows.

A hollow shaft 4 is provided in the hollow disk having the stainless steel bottom 1 and the organic glass lid 3 fastened to the wall 2 and the wall 2 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The hollow shaft 4 communicates with four radial passages 5 in the bottom 1 leading to the holes 6 through which the fluid flows. The wall 2 is equipped with a lip 7 which engages with the annular groove 8 of the lid 3. A metal skeletal bubble, typically a ring 9 of Retimet 80, supported on a hollow disk between the bottom and the lid by a radially inwardly arranged wire mesh 11 and a radially outwardly arranged wire mesh 12 is annular. To form a permeable member. Two concentric tubes 13 and 14 protrude through the lid 3 via the gas-sealed seal 15. The outer tube 13 is in communication with four fan sprays 16 through which fluid is supplied to the ring 9. The hollow shaft 4 is rotatably mounted to the roller bearing in the bearing housing 17, the housing 17 being mounted to a stationary fluid-collecting device in the form of a housing of stainless steel 18 equipped with holes 19. Attached. An electric motor (not shown) provides electric transmission to the hollow shaft in a "V" type belt transmission.

In operation, the hollow disk is rotated and the liquid is supplied to the metal skeletal bubble 9 via the tube 13 and travels radially outward through the bubble 9 between the wire mesh 12 and the wall 2. The space is filled and discharged through the passage formed by the leaf 7 and the groove 8, the gas being supplied to the apparatus via the hollow shaft 4 and the passage 6 to the wall 2 and the wire mesh. Enter the fantasy space between the 12. Liquid in the space between the wall 2 and the outer net 12 prevents gas from leaving the wall 12. Liquid may be collected in the housing 18 and discharged through the aperture 19 as needed. In FIG. 3, a number of stationary housings 20, 21, 22, 23, condenser 24 and boiler 25 are mounted to drive shaft 26. The drive shaft 26 rotates the permeable member supported by the rotating member (not shown) mounted in the housings 20, 21, 22, and 23. Liquid conduits 27, 28, 29 and vapor conduits 30, 31, 32, equipped with suitable pumps (not shown), are connected to each other with adjacent housings. A vapor conduit 33 and a liquid conduit 34 equipped with a splitter 35 connect the condenser 24 to the housing. Supply conduit 39 is attached to liquid conduit 28.

In operation, the drive shaft 26 is rotated by a motor (not shown). The feed liquid enters the distillation apparatus through feed conduit 39, mixes with the liquid in conduit 28 and then contacts the vapor flowing radially inwardly through the permeable member in housing 22 and in the housing 20. It flows radially outward through the permeable member. A portion of the low boiling fraction in the feed liquid is extracted and travels through the conduit 31 with the vapor to the permeable member in the housing 21, while the high boiling fraction is with the liquid in the housing 23 through the conduit 29. Move to the permeable member. The high boiling fraction discharged from the housing 23 flows through the conduit 37, part flows through the splitter 38 to the storage tank, and the other part is supplied to the boiler 25. Steam exiting the boiler 25 passes through the conduit 36 to the permeable member in the housing 23. The vapor flows through the permeable member until low boiling fraction is released into conduit 33 and flows to condenser 24. Liquid from the condenser passes through conduit 34, a portion of which flows through the splitter 35 to the storage tank, and the rest returns to the howling.

In FIG. 4, the compressor 40 is mounted to the drive shaft 26. Vapor conduit 33 and liquid conduit 41 connect the compressor to the housing and heat exchanger 42, respectively. The liquid conduit 43 with the splitter 44 connects the heat exchanger 42 to the housing.

In operation, the low boiling fraction is discharged from the housing and passes through the conduit 33 to the compressor 40. In this case, the compressor 40 compresses the low-boiling fraction described above to form a liquid. The liquid passes through the heat exchanger 42 through the conduit 41. In this case the liquid in the heat exchanger 42 loses heat because the heat is absorbed by the high boiling point flow. The liquid cooled from the heat exchanger passes through conduit 43, a portion of which flows through the splitter 44 to the storage tank, and the rest returns to the housing.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1

An annular penetrating member with an inner radius of 4.7 cm and an outer radius of 9 cm, formed of Knitmesh 9031 (contact area 1650 cm ^-1 , 94% void), was mounted on the hollow disk as shown in FIGS. It was. The deoxygenated water was supplied to the hollow disk at a flow rate of 17 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ³ sec ⁻¹ while rotating at 2,850 rpm, to flow radially outward through the pores of the knit mesh, and air was flowed radially inward. Oxygen concentration in water emanating from the disc was measured using a dissolved oxygen probe. The process was repeated at a rotation speed of 3,350 rpm. In another experiment, hollow disks were filled with glass beads (1.5 mm diameter, contact area 2400 m ⁻¹ , voids 50%) and the process was carried out at the same water flow and rotational speed. The so-called "volume mass transfer coefficient" K _L ^a was calculated using the following equation.

Eating

The results are shown in Table 1, and as can be seen from Table 1, increasing the void of the permeable member at a particular average acceleration increases the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K _L0 ), and increasing the average acceleration increases the volumetric mass transfer. Coefficient is increased.

TABLE 1

Example 2

An annular penetrating member having an inner radius of 4.75 cm, an outer radius of 9 cm and a depth of 2.54 cm, formed of Retimet 45 (contact area 2,400 m ² / m ³ , void 96%), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Mounted on the same hollow disk. While rotating the disk to ^{1,450rpm 16.7 × 10 -5 m 3 sec} -1 flow rate as to transport the de-prime number to the hollow disc through the pores of the mat 45 and the retina flow radially outward of 16.7 × 10 ^-4 m ³ sec ^- Air was transferred to the hollow disk at a flow rate of ¹ to flow radially inward. The oxygen concentration in the water filled in the hollow disk and in the water discharged from the hollow disk was measured using a dissolved oxygen probe. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L ^a was calculated using the equation of Example 1. Other processes were performed at increased rotational speeds and the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, as the average acceleration increases from about 5,000 sec ⁻² , the volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases significantly.

Example 3

An annular penetrating member having an inner radius of 4.8 cm, an outer radius of 9.2 cm and a depth of 2.54 cm, formed from a glass fiber knitted tape (nit mesh 9,048, contact area 1,000 m ² / m ³ , void 95%). The hollow disc was mounted as shown in FIG. 2. The deoxygenated water was charged into the hollow disk at a flow rate of 8.3 × 10 ^-5 m ³ sec ^-1 while rotating the disk at 1,000 rpm, and the radial flow outward through the pores of the glass fiber tape, and the air was 8.3 × 10 ^-4 m ³ Charged into the expansion disk at a flow rate of sec ⁻¹ and flowed radially inward. Oxygen concentrations of the water charged into the hollow disk and the water discharged from the hollow disk were measured using a dissolved oxygen probe. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L ^a was calculated using the equation of Example 1. Another process was carried out at a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm.

For comparison, the above-described process was repeated using an annular member formed of 4 mm diameter glass beads (contact area 900 m ² / m ³ , feed 38%).

The results are shown in Table 3, and as can be seen from Table 3, formed of the same material and composed of strands, fibers, fibres, or filaments, having higher voids compared to permeable members having almost the same contact area. The permeable member has a high mass transfer coefficient.

TABLE 3

Example 4

Figure 1 shows an annular permeable member (inner radius 4.5 cm, outer diameter 9.2 cm, depth 2.54 cm, contact area approximately 350 m ² / m ³ and void 98%) formed from a tape woven from 120 micron diameter stainless steel monofilament. And a hollow disk as shown in FIG. The deoxygenated water was charged to the permeable member as in Example 1 while rotating the disk at 2,000 rpm with a flow rate of 8.33 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ³ sec ⁻¹ and air at a flow rate of 8.33 × 10 ⁻⁴ m ³ sec ⁻¹ . Oxygen concentrations of charged water and discharged water were measured as in Example 1, and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was calculated using the equation of Example 1.

As comparative experiments, permeable members having the above-described radius, depth and contact area formed of tape woven from stainless steel monofilaments of diameters 150 and 250 microns were used, respectively. The results are shown in Table 4, and as can be seen from Table 4, the rotatable mass transfer device in which the permeable member consists of a filament having a diameter of 150 microns or less has a rotatable material in which the permeable member has a diameter of 150 microns or more. The mass transfer coefficient is higher than that of the moving device.

TABLE 4

Example 5

Example 4 was repeated with an annular permeable member (inner radius 4.5 cm, outer radius 9.2 cm, depth 1.27 cm) formed from Retimet 80 (contact area 5600 m ² / m ³ , equivalent diameter of strand 80 microns). The capacity mass transfer coefficient was 1.503 sec ⁻¹ .

Example 6

Example 5 was repeated using an annular permeable member formed of Retimet 45 (contact area 2,400 m ² / m ³ , equivalent diameter of strand 160 microns). The capacity mass transfer coefficient was 0.795 sec ⁻¹ .

Claims (1)

As detailed above and shown in the figures, the permeable member has a void of at least 80% and consists of strands, fibers, fibrils or filaments, and the fluid flowing through the pores has an average acceleration of about 5,000 msec ^-2 or more. (A) moving the fluid through the pores of the penetrating member, the wall surface of the pores providing a tortuous and continuous passage through which the fluid can flow, characterized in that the fluid is rotatable Flowing through the pores with the first fluid flowing away, the permeable member rotatable on the shaft such that the fluid described above has an average acceleration of at least 150 m sec ⁻² , a device for charging the fluid into the permeable member, and the fluid in the fluid from the permeable member Mass transfer between two fluidized beds consisting of a device releasing at least one or a derivative thereof, at least the first fluidized phase being a liquid Performing device.

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