KR820001338Y1 - Multi-walled break water - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Double wall breakwater

1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional rock wall.

2 is a diagram showing the breaking capacity of the conventional rock wall.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the rock wall according to the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view of the rock wall by line IV-IV of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing the breaking capacity of the rock wall shown in FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG.

8 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG.

10 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

12 is a cross-sectional view of a rock wall taken along line XII-XII in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the breaking capacity of the rock wall shown in FIG.

14 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

15 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a rock wall taken along line XVII-XVII of FIG. 16. FIG.

18 is a cross-sectional view of another rock wall according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan sectional view of a rock wall by XIX-XIX ship of FIG.

The present invention relates to a breakwater rock wall having a breakwater capability for a wide range of waves having different wavelengths and can also be used as a breakwater.

In general, in the harbor, vertical rock walls are installed in the front of the sea. However, since the incident waves are reflected as such rocks, the front of the rock walls is extremely high due to polymerization with the incident waves. There was an inconvenience in that the height of the wave against the rock wall was increased, as well as causing a hindrance to the ship's voyage and unloading operation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a rock wall having a wave breaking ability against a wide range of waves having different wavelengths, and another object of the present invention is to separate a plurality of front walls and their front walls having openings having different sizes on the front surface of the rear rock wall. The purpose, features and advantageous lighting of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings.

1 shows the structure of a conventional rock wall, which is the base of the seabed base 1, the impermeable posterior wall 2 standing perpendicular to the base 1, and the base of which is higher than the water surface. (1) a front wall (3) having a plurality of openings (5) standing vertically slightly away from the rear wall (2) above, the front wall having the same height as the rear wall (2), Sleeve 6, which is designed horizontally forward from the upper end, which is connected to the upper end of the front wall 3, and has a drainage chamber 4 between the rear wall 2 and the front wall 3, the front wall 3, and the running room. (4) It consists of several opening 5, the sleeve 6, etc. As shown in FIG. 1, when the peaks of the waves reach the front wall 3, the front wave height of the front wall 3 rises. Thus, waves are introduced into the oil chamber 4 through the opening 5 of the front wall 3 due to the difference in the water level between the oil chamber 4 and the front wall 3.

If the surface of the oil loss 4 rises after a half cycle, the external water surface is lowered as in the two tangents of FIG. 1, and the water in the oil chamber 4 flows into the oil chamber 4 through the opening 5 Inflow.

At this time, the energy is lost by the vortex A 'generated, and thus the breakthrough is performed. The energy loss of the waves due to vortices A and A 'is proportional to the third power of the flow rate of water passing through the opening 5, and the ability of the breakwater is the thickness b of the front wall 3, the diameter of the opening 5, and the front wall ( It is related to the ventilation rate (通風 率) of 3) and the width l of the running water room 4.

In order to maintain the maximum breaking capacity and to reduce the reflected wave height to a minimum, the diameter d of the opening 5 is d-Hi equal to the wave height Hi, the ventilation rate of the front wall is 20% to 35%, and the front wall 3 The best results are obtained when the thickness b is 20% to 40% of the depth h, and the full width X, which is the sum of the width l of the oil chamber 4 and the thickness b of the front wall 3, is about 15% of the wavelength L. By designing the rock wall as a relational value such as this, a constant X is calculated, the respective reflectances Kr for each wave of each wavelength are obtained, the reflectance Krs on the vertical axis and X / L on the horizontal axis are plotted as shown in FIG. .

From this chart, it can be clearly seen that the reflectance Kr is minimum when X / L is approximately 0.15. Considering that a reflectance Kr of 0.3 or less is sufficient to maintain the desired calm, such a rock indicates that it has the most prominent breakthrough capability for waves with wavelength L of approximately X / 0.15.

However, the range of wavelengths for such a good breaking ability is very narrow, and when wavelength becomes shorter or longer than the above-mentioned value, the reflectance Kr rapidly increases. As a result, such conventional rock wall breaking capacity is not sufficient in an ocean with waves of various wavelengths.

3 and 4 show a rock wall composed of a seabed crisis portion 11 and an impervious wall 12 or the like standing perpendicular to the base 1 higher than the water surface. The first front wall 14 and the second front wall 15 are slightly separated from each other, and the second front wall is constructed to be parallel to the first front wall vertically on the front base portion 11 of the rear wall 12, and the rear wall 12 Have the same height as

The upper ends of both the first front wall 14 and the second front wall 15 are interconnected by support sleeves 16 from the upper end of the rear wall 12.

The first front wall 14 and the second front wall 15 each have a plurality of openings 20, 21, which are arranged uniformly, the diameter of the opening 20 being larger than the diameter of the opening 19. Big. All openings 19 and 20 are arranged such that none of them have a common axis.

The shape of the openings 19 and 20 may be polygonal. The thickness b ₁ of the first front wall 14 is greater than the thickness b ₂ of the second front wall 15. As shown in FIG. 3, the first oil chamber 17 is composed of first and second front walls 14 and 15, a base 1, and a support sleeve 16, and a second nursing chamber 18. The second front wall 15, the rear wall 12, the base 11 and the support sleeve 16 and the like.

Upper ends of each of the first and second oil reservoirs 17 and 18 are ventilated through the openings 14 and 15, and bottoms of the first and second oil reservoirs 17 and 18 respectively receive one wave through the openings 19 and 20. Induce.

The width l of the second oil chamber 18 is larger than the width b ₀ of the first oil chamber m, for example, may be several times larger.

The width l of the first and second oil chambers as described above is b _o , the thickness b ₁ and b ₂ of the first and second front walls, the diameters d ₁ and d ₂ of the openings of the first and second front walls, Therefore, it may be changed.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the peak of the wave reaches the first front wall 14, the water surface in front of the first front wall 14 rises. Therefore, the wave flows into the first oil chamber 17 through the opening 20 by the water level difference between the water in the first oil chamber 17 and the water in front of the first front wall 14. Further, water in the first oil reservoir 17 flows into the second oil reservoir 18 through the opening 19. When the water level in the second oil chamber 18 rises after the half cycle of the wave, the external water surface is lowered as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2, and the water reaches the first front wall 18, The water level in front of the front wall goes down. Water in the third oil reservoir 14 flows out from the second oil reservoir 18 to the first oil reservoir 17 through the opening 19 and from the first oil reservoir 17 through the opening 20. Spills out. The waves are much weaker by the vortices generated in the openings 19 and 20.

As described above, the waves are weakened by the vortices generated on both sides of the first and second front walls 14 and 15, so that the waves are also broken by the rock walls. Since the openings 19 and 20 are not formed on a common axis, the rock wall viewed as a wave having various wavelengths can act as a breakwater. The measured reflectances of the rock walls shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are shown in FIG. 5 in the same way as in FIG.

Comparing FIG. 5 and FIG. 2, the rock wall of the present invention has the same breaking capacity not only for the long wave but also for the short wave, and the breaking range of the present invention is much wider than the range of the conventional breaking capability.

Considering the waves with short wavelengths, the reflectance Kr does not increase much but remains in the range of 0.1 to 2.0. In general, the reflectance Kr is low for X / L. As a result, it is clear that the rock wall of the present invention has a superior breaking capacity compared with that of FIG.

Considering waves with long wavelengths, the first and second front walls act as a single wall of full width b = b _o + B ₁ + b ₂ for the waves, as is apparent from FIG. When L is 0.12, it represents the minimum value of the reflectance. Therefore, the full width X becomes about 12% of the wavelength L. It can be seen that a rock wall having a full width X = 0.12L, which is shorter than a conventional rock wall having a single front wall X = 0.15L, exhibits sufficient breakwater capacity.

In the conventional rock wall having a single front wall, energy loss is caused by vortices generated on both sides of the front wall, but in the rock wall of the present invention having two front walls, energy loss is generated on both sides of the two front walls. Generated by the vortex Accordingly, the thicknesses b ₁ and b ₂ of the first and second front walls 14 and 15 may be thinner than those of the conventional rock wall having one front wall.

In view of this fact, the present invention can reduce the amount of material to be used as a rock wall and the same weight as compared with a conventional rock wall having a single front wall.

6 and 7 is another embodiment of the present invention as described above, except that the rock wall is formed in the horizontal portion and the recess portion horizontally with a certain distance. In such a configuration, the development of the vortex in the second oil chamber 18 is promoted by the rear wall, and more effective breakwater is achieved.

8 and 9 show another embodiment according to the present invention. In such a configuration, the thickness of the second front wall 15 is 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the thickness of the first front wall 14, and the ventilation rate of the second front wall 15 is the first front wall 14. 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the ventilation rate.

The width of the first oil chamber 17 is almost the same as the width of the second oil chamber 18.

The opening 19 of the second front wall 15 is formed at the bottom thereof below the water level, and the second oil reservoir 18 is not ventilated but is led to the water of the first oil chamber through the opening 19.

Since the second oil chamber 18 is closed to the atmosphere, the air at the upper end of the second oil chamber 18 acts as a damper as to whether water flows in or out, and thus the resistance received by the water is very large. The energy loss of water is very large.

That is, when a wave having a wavelength of L ₁ = X ₁ /0.12 flows into the width X ₁ from the first front wall 14 to the rear wall 12, the water is formed in accordance with the long wavelength of the second front wall 15. Flowing freely through the opening 19, the second runoff chamber 18 exhibits the same breaking capacity as the rock wall without the second front wall. On the other hand, when a wave having a wavelength of L ₂ = X ₂ /0.12 flows into the width X ₂ from the first front wall 14 to the second front wall 15, the second front wall 15 is formed according to a short wavelength. It has a great resistance to the flow of water and acts like a wall without openings. Thus, for such a short-period wave, this rock wall acts as a breakwater as a rock wall of full width X ₂ .

In order to break a wave having a wavelength range from L ₁ to L ₂ , a rock wall having a breaking capacity for the range of X ₁ is almost 0.12, L ₁ is X ₂ 0.12 and L ₂ is almost 1 The second front wall is formed. For example, when the depth h is 8 m, for waves having a period of 5 to 10 seconds, L ₁ is 84 m and L ₂ is almost 35 m. Therefore, if X ₁ is almost 10 m and X ₂ is almost 4.2 m, a rock wall showing a breakwater capacity kr to 0.1 to 0.2 is formed for such waves.

10 shows another rock wall according to the present invention. This rock wall has a structure as shown in FIG. 3 except that the second front wall 15 is inclined at an angle δ from the sea so that its upper part is closer to the rear wall than its lower part. It is easy to see that this rock wall functions as shown in FIG. Furthermore, when the peaks of the waves reach the first front wall 14, the water flows into the first runoff chamber 17 through the opening 20 and then hits the second front wall 15. Since the second front wall 15 is inclined, the hydraulic pressure p acts perpendicularly to it and the horizontal element p 'of the pressure p is equal to sinδ, and the vertical element p "of the pressure p contributes to the stability of the rock wall.

11 and 12 show yet another rock wall according to the present invention, except that the rear wall 22 is inclined at an angle α to the sea such that its upper end is further away from the sea than its lower end. Same as shown in Figure 3. An inclined rear wall 22 adjacent the embankment is located above the base 21. The first sleeve 926 protrudes from the upper end of the rear wall 22. The front portion of the support sleeve 26 is interconnected to the upper ends of the first and second front walls. The first front wall 24 and the second front wall 25 each have a plurality of openings 30 and 29. The first oil chamber 27 is located between the first and second front walls 24, and the second oil chamber 27 is located between the second front walls 25 and the rear wall 22.

When the peaks of the waves reach the first front wall as shown in FIG. 11, the water level in front of the first front wall 24 rises, and the water flows in the first oil chamber 27 and in the same manner as described above. It enters into the 2nd flow chamber 28. The water energy is partially dissipated by the excess current generated in the openings 29 and 30. The water further rushes against the inclined rear wall 22 and the downwardly swept overcurrent arises from the difference in the velocity of the water in the upper and lower portions. The speed of water is the fastest at the surface and decreases with depth. In other words, the energy of water changes into the energy of fire in this region. When the water surface in the second reservoir 28 rises in the accompaniment climate and the external water surface falls as shown in FIG. 11, the peaks of the wave reach the first front wall 24, at which time the water reaches the opening 29 Through the 30, the second and first runoff chambers 28 and 27 flow out. The water is further reduced in energy by the vortices generated in the openings 29 and 30. Thus, the waves are broken by rock walls. The inclined rear wall 22 enhances the generation of overflows close to the rear wall in the second runoff chamber 28 and reduces the influence of the embankment pressure on the rock wall.

The measured reflectances of the rock walls shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are shown in FIG. 13 in the same way as shown in FIG. The same results as described for the rock wall shown in Figures 3-5.

In such a case, it is possible to perform the function of the rock wall as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, to shorten the full width X and to reduce the weight of the rock wall. In general, however, the weight reduction of the rock wall results in a decrease in the force for supporting the rock wall from the dike pressure, thus minimizing the influence of the dike pressure, which is explained by the inclination of the rear wall at an angle α away from the sea as described above. It is done. For example, when the angle α of the inclination is 60 °, the dike pressure is reduced by 40% compared with the case of the vertical rock wall.

By inclining the right wall, the width 1 of the second runoff chamber 28 is substantially shortened, but this does not reduce the breaking capacity of the rock wall. In this case, the full width X is measured at the water surface. Considering the horizontal water flow in the second reservoir 28, the closer to the water surface, the faster the speed of water. Thus, when observing a rock wall with a vertical rear wall, the storage close to the subwall contributes to the generation of an excess that substantially dissipates with the energy of the wave. Thus, even if this non-contributing part is removed by tilting the rear wall away from the sea, the bank's embankment capacity is not reduced.

14 shows another rock wall according to the present invention. This rock wall is identical to that shown in FIG. 8 except that the rear wall 22 is inclined at an angle away from the sea in the same manner as the rock wall shown in FIG. It is clear that the same result is achieved compared to the rock wall shown in FIG. Figure 15 shows another rock wall according to the present invention.

The rock wall is built on the base 50 formed on the base of the seabed having a height h ₂ . The subsurface depth h ₁ of the rock wall is equal to or greater than 30% of the ocean depth h. The base 50 is composed of a wall supporting the embankment 23 together with the rock wall. The rock wall is as shown in FIG. 11 except that the upper end of the rear wall 22, which is inclined at an angle β with respect to the vertical, is inclined forward at an angle with respect to the water perpendicular to the water surface. The vertical front surface of the base 50 is flush with the vertical front surface of the first front wall 24.

In this case, since the rock wall is built on the base 40, it is very easy to build the rock wall as compared with the rock wall. Moreover, the embankment pressure portion is supported by the base, and along with the base the rock wall builds a stubborn wall against the embankment pressure. Rock walls are conventionally built deep in water.

16 and 17 show another rock wall according to the present invention. The rock wall is the same as that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 except for the addition of a plurality of vertical bulkheads transversely passing the full width of the rock wall in the longitudinal direction at a certain interval. Widths of the first and second runoff chambers 37 and 38, thicknesses of the first and second front walls 34 and 35, sizes and shapes of the openings 40 and 39 formed in the first and second front walls, and The distance between the two bulkheads is determined by the wavelength of the breakwater. The water flow of the second front wall 35 is one third of the water flow of the first front wall 34. When the waves become perpendicular to the rock wall, ie the first front wall, the waves are blasted by the rock wall in the manner described above.

Furthermore, if the waves are not perpendicular to the rock wall as indicated by arrow a in FIG. 17 or are paralleled as arrow b in FIG. 17, the first and second runoff chambers 27 ( 28 is separated by partitioning the partition 41 in the longitudinal direction, the water surface in front of the rock wall is repeated up and down mutually by the water passing through. The waves are broken by the wall in the same way as the angular waves by the device of the bulkhead, since their fluctuations differ in phase, but water cannot flow from one compartment to the next. Obviously, the inclined waves and the horizontal waves like the vertical wave are blasted by the rock wall of the present invention.

18 and 19 show another rock wall according to the present invention. The rock wall has the same structure as shown in FIG. 11 except for the plurality of vertical bulkheads 41 having the full width of the rock wall transverse in the longitudinal direction at a certain interval, and achieves the same result as described above. Can be.

As described above, waves having various wavelength ranges are blasted by the rock wall according to the present invention. The rock wall according to the present invention can be constructed by various conventional methods such as piling, concrete, ie a Caisson system, for joining various blocks.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the present invention can be applied to any case where any kind of breakwater is required to reduce the impact of the waves, which has not been described for the special construction of the rock wall absorbing the impact of the generated waves.

Claims (1)

In the breakwater, there is provided a non-porous wall having a vertical surface on the sea electrical storage surface, and a plurality of perforated walls vertically arranged in parallel with and spaced apart from each other in front of the non-porous wall and the non-porous wall and this. It communicates with the outside through the perforated wall outer hole and between the perforated walls adjacent to each other and through the perforated wall outer hole, and the hole area of each perforated wall is positioned at the foremost in the direction of the wave. A double wall breakwater, wherein a portion of the perforated wall located behind the water is formed to be smaller than that of a part of the flowing water chamber submerged under the surface of the water.