KR820001158B1 - Manufacture of fibers from attenuable materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and apparatus are disclosed for converting a stream of attenuable material into a fiber by a two-stage attenuation technique, the two stages being effected sequentially by employment of a gaseous jet and a gaseous blast, thereby producing a single long fiber from each stream of attenuable material.

Description

How to form fibers from elongate material

1 is a schematic elevation view showing a partial cross-sectional view of a main member of the fiber forming and collecting device of the present invention.

2 is an enlarged schematic perspective view showing an operating state of the three oil forming apparatus of FIG.

3 is an evenly enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the elements constituting the fibrous center taken through the plane of the jet spinning orifice.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken by the IV-IV line of FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the main elements of a fiber forming apparatus representing a dimension considered in practicing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing the dimension between orifices for adjacent jets.

7 is a cross-sectional view of a bushing tip for supplying elongate material.

* Detailed description of the symbols in the drawings

8: (Main gas flow generator) 9: (Main gas flow generator) nozzle

10: main gas flow 11: jet manifold box

12 connection part 13 collector

14, 15: jet spinning orifice A: merger

16: glass source 17: bushing

18: glass supply end 18a: (main gas supply) orifice

19: metering orifice G: flow of bulbous glass

S: flow of glass 20: perforated conveyor or belt

B: Fiber 21: Wall

22: suction chamber 23: tube

24: fan j: jet center (deep)

i: Coat of gas (with inhaled air) tu: Upper upwind

tl: Lower right upstream L: Laminar flow band

T: Secondary Toll

The present invention relates to a method of forming fibers from an elongate material, and in particular, the present invention is intended to form fibers from various types of elongate material, but has a composition similar to that of glass that is melted by various thermoplastics, in particular heat. It is particularly suitable for thinning the same minerals.

As described in the prior art US Patent Application No. 762,789, the present invention is adaptable to not only various minerals but also to elongate organic materials such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyamide. Since the device or apparatus of the present invention is particularly useful for elongating glass and similar thermoplastics, the following description takes the case of glass as an example.

In the patent application described above, the applicant has disclosed a technique using a rotary airflow or a whirlwind in enlarging the molten glass. This technique is referred to as torsion. For example, in the aforementioned U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,885,940 and 3,874,886, the jets are directed into a larger blower to develop a pair of counter-rotating gusts, thereby creating an interactive zone containing such gusts. The flow of molten glass into the zone has been described to result in an elongated glass flow.

In the devices described in US Pat. Nos. 3,885,940 and 3,874,886, the orifices from which the flow of glass carried to the interaction zone are located at or near the boundary of the blower. In Applicant's patent application 557,282, U.S. Patent No. 4,015,964, glass orifices are arranged in relation to the interface of the blower and the flow of glass is caused by gravity as an interaction zone created by the interaction of the jet and the larger blower. This torsion arrangement to be transported has been described.

Conventionally, in US Patent Application Nos. 762,789 and 676,755, glass orifices and jet orifices are arranged from the interface of blowing and the flow of glass is conveyed to the interaction zone of jets and blowing by the action of jets. In the above-mentioned patent application, the flow of glass is made to be subdivided into two stages: one stage in jets and another stage in blowing.

In addition, in the applicant's patent application 762,789, the secondary or conveying jets carrying the glass as the interaction zone with the blower allow to develop a stable layered flow zone between the pair of rotating rotors, and the flow of the glass is layered. It is conveyed to the flow zone and then enters the area of rotary airflow of the conveying jets. This rotary stream merges with the downstream flow of the conveying jets before the conveying jets reach the main blowing wind. As pointed out in this application, which is US Patent Application No. 762,789, the above-mentioned operation is a two-step elongation.

The first stage occurs when under the influence of the conveying jets of glass flow, and the second stage occurs when the conveying jets and the partially tapered glass flow enter the interaction zone of the conveying jets and the blowing.

As described in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent Application No. 762,789, the rotary flow of laminar flow zones and conveying jets develops as a result of the reversal of the individual conveying jets provided at the fiber forming center, which is a route of the jets. You will be affected by the use of a guide to change it. This shift in conveying jets, as caused by the aforementioned U.S. patent application 762,789, contributes to stabilizing the operation even though the glass is transported to the conveying jets at a distance far from the boundary of the main blower. .

The main purpose of the present invention, together with US Patent Application No. 762,789, is to stabilize glass or other elongate materials by the development of stratified flow zones between rotary air streams generated in jetting apparatuses. The jet apparatus of the present invention is somewhat different from the case of the above-mentioned patent application, but has several advantages unique to the technology of the present invention in addition to the advantages thereof. This fact is described below.

In the present invention, the transport jets are arranged in pairs (one pair at each fiber formation center) without using a structural device to guide or redirect individual transport jets to each fiber formation center. Each pair of jets facing the transition side lying on the common plane causes them to collide with each other in the common plane, and the combined jets of the pair of jets unfold laterally toward the opposite side of the common plane of the jet axis. do. According to the present invention, the mixed jets in which the pairs of jets are combined and spread to the side are combined with the pairs of jets so that the jets in which the pairs of jets are combined and collide with the jets combined by the adjacent jets are combined. Constrained by positioning H close enough. By limiting the unfolding mixture of jet stream pairs, a stratified flow zone develops between the arranged pair of rotary streams in the jet stream and the rotary stream pair.

In the device of the present invention the flow of glass or other elongate material is fed towards the jets in the area of the layered flow zone at a location that is on the common side on the jets side and offset on one side of the two jets. As a result, although the flow of glass is slightly enlarged, the present invention is directed to intercept the mixed jets of the blower jet pairs so that the flow of glass is further increased.

Another feature of the present invention is the use of two jets with two jets having approximately the same dimension for each fiber forming center. Preferably the kinetic energy of these two jets is substantially the same.

In the technique of the present invention, a rotary air stream generated from the mixed air streams of each pair of jets converges downstream of the layered flow zone, and the combined jet streams proceed in a direction penetrating the interface of the main blowing wind. This penetration, which generates the interaction zone, is characterized by the generation of a pair of rotary airflows by the torsion technique described in the above-mentioned US patent.

Thus, the flow of each glass is subject to primary gas blowing between the rotary airflow pairs created by the transporting jet pairs, and the partially elongated glass flows are more likely to interact in the mixed transport jets and the main blowing zone. It is elongated. In this way, two-stage elongation of one strand of fiber is effectively achieved and an uncut long fiber is produced.

It will be described in detail according to the accompanying drawings, along with other things that occur in the art how to achieve the above-mentioned objects and advantages.

In FIG. 1, the blower or combustor is indicated by 8, which has an emission barrier 9 through which blower 10 is released. In the illustrated figure, this emission occurs in the horizontal direction, but the emission may be directed in the other direction.

Manifold 11 for compressed air and angled compressed gas medium is supplied gas from supply line 13 via connector 12. As can be seen from the second and third degrees, this manifold 11 is connected to a pair of jet orifices 14 and 15.

This series of jet orifices is represented by the numbers 14a-15a, 14b-15b, 14c-15c, 14d-15d, 14e-15e in FIG. The jets from each pair of jet orifices are represented by the corresponding numbers, and in this relationship, three pairs of jets are shown in the perspective of FIG. 2 and only one pair of jets (aa) are shown in FIG. It should be noted that.

As generally indicated in FIG. 1, pairs of jets at the center of fiber formation, for example jets a-a, collide with each other in their common plane to produce mixed transport jets as shown in FIG. 1a. In this, the elongate material is subjected to its primary stage of elongation. The mixed jet proceeds downward and penetrates blower 10 to create an interaction zone between the jett and the blower, which is used for the second stage of thinning.

In the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the glass source is generally illustrated at 16, which has a view 17, which has a series of side-by-side glass supplies 18 fed through a metering orifice 19. Have Bulbous or conical glass G is discharged from the device 18 from which the flow of glass S is carried downwards, one of which is contained in each fibrous center.

The fibers produced at the series of fibrosis centers arranged across blow 10 are deposited on the conveyor or belt 20 in the form of fiber blanket B as shown in FIG. This fiber is deposited in a confined yarn by a flat kit-like structure as indicated by 21. Prepare the suction box under conveyor 20 as indicated by 22. This box is connected to the tube 23 with one or more suction fans as outlined in 24.

The effect of elongation by the apparatus described above is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 degrees.

As already indicated above, the action of each fibrotic center is associated with the action of jets in adjacent fibrotic centers. The description shown in FIG. 2 shows the overall action of the fiber formation center corresponding to the jet b-b, but only a part of the action occurring at the fiber formation center of the jets a-a and c-c. In FIG. 3, the action at the fiber-forming center indicated by the jet a-a is enlarged. It should be noted that the jet causes the flow of ambient air as soon as the jet is ejected from the orifice. Thus, as can be seen in FIG. 3, each of these jets is composed of a gas covering the surroundings, including the flow of the central jet core represented by the letter j and the induced air represented by the letter i. Covering this area expands rapidly as jets progress, and the jet core remains as a relatively short cone-shaped center as shown in FIG. This core has a jet velocity as it exits the hole, but the induced air flow covering it decreases as the jet progresses.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, several arrows are used to indicate the flow of induced air by jets.

If a pair of jets of substantially the same kinetic energy and substantially the same size per unit volume are used so that these two jets have axes in common plane and they can converge and collide at acute angles, Mixed jets are spread out to the side.

That is, it is unfolded in a direction transverse to the common plane of the axes for the two jets. In the present invention, the pair of jets and the planes of these axes are positioned close enough to each other so as to be prevented by the collision of the mixed airflow by the airflow pair and the mixed airflow of the adjacent airflow pair by which the mixed airflow is spread sideways. Due to the collision of adjacent jet pairs, two pairs of small rotary airflows are developed in each jet. The vertices of each pair of rotary airflows are then arranged to face away from the common plane relative to the jet axis. The pairs (shown in tu-tu) above these small rotary streams, as seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 degrees, face each other in the upper axis of the rotary stream as indicated by the direction of the arrows in FIG. Has formed a rotary airflow that rotates in a direction away from each other. On the other hand, the lower pair of rotors (indicated by tl) rotate in opposite direction, as shown by the arrow in FIG.

The layered flow zone L associated with the rotary airflow develops between the two pairs of rotary airflows in the region where the jets collide with each other. This zone flows intensely into the air where the glass flows into the laminar flow zone next to the upper pair of rotors. As clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3, the flow S of glass develops from the glass google, which is positioned at a point offset horizontally from the jet emitter.

However, glass bulb G is in conditions that can or may be elongated when exiting the emitter, and the flow S of glass, which can elongate, is L-directed into a laminar flow at the position of the horizontally canceled bulb. As a result of this divergence, the induced air flows inwardly, allowing the elongated material to be transported to the laminar flow zone. In fact, even when the glass discharge device 18 is slightly misaligned with respect to the blower airflow pair, this misalignment is automatically compensated by the induction air flowing in to direct the flow of glass to the proper position.

From the above, the induction air is removed by carrying the elongate material in the conditions where the elongation can be made and the development of a layer of laminar flow zones at each fiber-forming center. It can be seen that the transfer of the enteric material to the laminar flow zone automatically compensates for the misalignment, thereby stably introducing the enteric material into the system.

The arrangement and the action of the flow of induction air described above result in the introduction of the elongated material into the system stably even when the glass feeder is far from the jet ejector. This fact is desirable to maintain proper temperature control of the glass ejector and jet ejector.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the rotary airflow pairs tu and tl merge under the stratified zone L, and as the airflow proceeds downward, the rotary airflow loses their identity. This is shown by the cross-sections of the two pairs of rotary air streams occurring with the jets c-c (right direction in FIG. 2). The combined jets of each pair of jet streams advance downward to penetrate air as shown in FIG. 2 (here, the jets by the jet pair t-t are shown). In the flow of blowing, the jets initiate an interaction zone characterized by another rotary airflow pair, denoted by T. This interaction is defined as torsion, which is described in detail in the above-mentioned US Pat. Nos. 3,874,886 and 3,885,940.

It can be seen that the plane including the jet axis cuts the blow in a direction substantially parallel to the flow direction of the blow.

Also, as can be seen in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, each flow S of the glass is first elongated at the jet between the point where the laminar flow zone or glass is introduced and the jet passes through the air blowing, This partially thinned stream is more elongated than in the interaction zone between blowers and jets. As shown in the figure, these two-stage elongated glass proceeds without disrupting the flow of glass so that each flow produces one fiber.

The action of the jets at each fiber-forming center can be achieved by using a pair of rotary airflows with substantially the same kinetic energy per unit volume, especially in the development of a pair of rotary airflows with interspersed zones between stratified flows. In addition, each pair of jets should have approximately the same cross-sectional area and cross-sectional shape. However, if the kinetic energy per unit volume of each jet is the same, a slight difference in wind pressure may be tolerable considering the relationship between the cross-sectional areas of two pairs of jets.

Moreover, each jet orifice need not have exactly the same cross-sectional dimension in a direction that crosses or parallels the common plane of the two jet axes. In addition, these two dimensions do not have to be the same for each pair of jet orifices. However, it is better for the cross-sectional dimension to be the same for each jet and each pair of jets. Also, the jet dimensions of adjacent pairs should be equally developed to uniformly develop a rotary airflow pair with interlaminar flow zones when the mixed jet streams of each jet pair extending laterally collide with the mixed jets of adjacent jet pairs. It is desirable to. The uniformity of the jets at each fiber forming center makes uniform the fiberization conditions in the torsion zone caused by the jets penetrating the blowing air.

If necessary, jet streams from each jet pair can be used for the purpose of fiber elongation without using a blower. However, for most purposes and especially when relatively relatively elongated fibers are desired, it is advisable to use not only the primary elongation affected by the jets, but also the secondary elongation caused by the jetting through the blowing.

In order for the jets to penetrate into the blower, when the jets reach the blower, the kinetic energy per unit volume of the jets must be greater than that of the blower.

In order to create a laminar flow zone in which the flow of glass is introduced without being destroyed, it is important to make the jets so that the axes of the jets face the common plane and collide with each other at an acute angle on this plane, for example, an angle in a later defined range. .

Several different phosphorus were also observed, as shown in FIG. 5, 6, 7 and the table below.

5 illustrates three main components of the fiber forming center. In other words, a device for developing a blower, a device for developing a jet, and a device for introducing a fine material are described. These three devices are shown in a fragmentary cross-sectional view in the same manner as in FIG. In Figure 5, symbols and descriptions are applied to define various factors, such as dimension and angle. These are explained by one or another table below. Some of these signs and descriptions are also shown in FIG. 6 and FIG.

These tables contain typical values as well as ranges for dimension and sign.

In considering the sign or description, reference is first made to Buchen 17 and the device 18 for feeding the elongate material. This is shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE I

As for the glass feeding orifice, the glass or elongate material can be supplied with a fibrous center by a series of individual supply orifices, or the glass or elongate material can be supplied by a feeder having an elongated hole. It is common to use the latter case when using multiple fiber forming centers in the manner described in patent 3,885,940. Each pair of jets at the center of each fibrous formation produces induced air flow that pulls the flow of elongated material into the low pressure or laminar flow zones, which is a trend in the use of conventional elongated feeders. The glass is subdivided to form a flow of glass and each one of them enters a layered flow zone.

In this case, each glass cone is automatically placed in the plane containing the axes of the corresponding jet pair.

For jet orifices, as described in the figures of the present invention, each pair of orifices may be engaged with a common manifold or feeder. However, if desired, the top and bottom jet orifice pairs can be combined with separate double manifolds.

Jet supply is shown in the table below.

TABLE II

Blowing air is shown in the table below.

TABLE III

In addition to the preceding dimensions and angles contained in the three main components of the device, any interrelationship of these components should be noted, which is given in the table below.

Table IV

_Referring to the symbol X _BJ, in the description of FIG. 5, a blow nozzle (relative to the direction of the flow of the blower) is located at a position above the intersection point of the jet axis, and X _BJ is represented by a negative value.

The number of fibrillation centers can be as high as 150, but in a typical installation of fiberizing glass or similar thermoplastics, a buoy with 70 ejectors is preferred.

Referring to the operating conditions, the operating conditions of the apparatus according to the present invention vary according to various factors, for example, the characteristics of the elongate material.

As mentioned above, the device of the present invention can be used to elongate a wide range of elongate materials. In enlarging glass or other inorganic thermoplastics, the temperature of the bushing or feeder, as well as the specific material to be fiberized, will vary. The temperature range for this general type of material is between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C. For typical glass compositions, the viewing temperature is about 1480 ° C.

The take-out speed is about 20 to 150 kg / hole per 24 hours, typical values are about 40 to 60 kg / hole per 24 hours.

Values as shown in the table below for jets and blowing are also important. Here, the following symbols are used.

T = temperature, P = pressure, V = velocity, ρ = density

TABLE V

Table VI

When using jets and blowers, the width of the mixed jets must be narrower than the blower's width, the cross section must be smaller than the blower's cross section, and the jets penetrate the blowers in order to develop an interaction zone where secondary or torsional behavior under sub-longation occurs. Consideration should be given. To do this, the mixed jets must have a greater kinetic energy per unit volume than the blowing in the area being operated. Typical kinetic energy ratio between jets and blowing is 10: 1. Therefore, the kinetic energy values given in Tables 5 and 6 above indicate (ρV ² ) J / (ρV ² ) B = 10.

The above-mentioned technique is useful for fiberizing various kinds of materials in several respects. It is particularly useful for thermoplastic mineral compositions such as glass and similar materials. Thus, the stability of the feed is given despite the fact that the main components are separated from each other, including the glass feeder, the jetting device and the blower generator being separated from each other or spaced apart. In addition, it is possible to more accurately control the relative temperature dominated by the various components by the separation of these components, the temperature control is preferable for the low fiber efficiency.

The technique according to the present invention allows the development of rotary airflow pairs in jets and thus the use of jet pairs that collide with each other to provide stability of supply without the use of other mechanical devices that affect the direction of the jets.

This fact is desirable because it minimizes the structural portions near the glass feed, thereby reducing the unfiberized glass that adheres or deposits to these portions. It is also desirable to remove structural elements in the jet's path as structural mechanical elements need to be positioned very accurately. There is also no problem in placing mechanical elements on the jet's path by using jet pairs consistent with the present invention.

In view of the above facts, the fiberization technique according to the present invention provides certain desirable properties and advantages, including the following description.

In the practice of the present invention, a jet pair at the center of fiber formation is used to transport the elongate material to the torsion zone resulting from the interaction of the mixed jet and the blower gas. The use provides safety for the introduction of worldly substances into jets and back to the torsion zone in the blower. Moreover, this stability can be achieved simultaneously by providing adequate spacing between the main components of the fibrous center: the device for developing the jet of equipment for introducing the elongate material, the device for developing the blower. This separation of the main elements of the fibrosis center is very important for a number of reasons, especially because it avoids the transfer of excessive heat from one element to another. In this view, the optimum temperature conditions desired for the three components of the fiber-forming center can be established and maintained.

In connection with the above description, jet feed streams, such as compressed air, preferably use temperatures near room temperature. On the other hand, both the elongate material and the apparatus for developing a glass-blowing, for example, preferably maintain a relatively high temperature. Such a preferable temperature difference can be effectively made by the apparatus of the present invention.

This is because the arrangement of the present invention can be high by significantly separating the components.

In addition to the above description, the arrangement of the present invention can obtain the advantages mentioned above without the need for a structural arrangement on the path of each jet or the path of mixed jets of jet pairs emerging from the fiber-forming center. Thus, the spreading of jets laterally is provided by the collision of each pair of jets. In addition, constraining the spreading can be achieved by placing adjacent jet pairs close enough to each other such that the unfolding laterally from each fiber forming center causes the jets to collide with the adjacent jets. In this way, lateral limitations to the mixed jets, which develop the rotary airflow pair and each have a stratified flow zone interposed therebetween, are achieved without the need for using a structural device adjacent to the jet's path.

Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the corrosion, heat deterioration, and the problem of locating the structural device accurately when using the structural device to develop the jet stream zone.

Claims (1)

A pair of axes of gas jets having almost equal kinetic energy per unit volume collide each other with each other by forming at least one pair of gas jets that are substantially in the same plane and also converge. The gas sucked by one of the two gas jets outside the angle between the two gas jets by expanding the flow formed by the combination of the jets in the transverse direction and making it possible to elongate it. A method for producing a fiber from an extensible material by elongation with a gas stream, characterized in that it is supplied in a zone.

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