KR820001135B1 - Improvement in building frameworks - Google Patents

Abstract

a lot of vertical columns constructed by linking a foundation with basic building members separated from each other in a lengthwise direction; a lot of horizontal beams with ends linked to said vertical column forms a story and supports a surface covering material like a structural material of a floor; connecting means has joining means which link said basic building members by meeting those basic building members' end parts with each other and supporting members which connect and support said horizontal beams.

Description

Construction framing

1 is a perspective view of a skeleton.

2 is a front elevational view of a partially cut away skeleton.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the center of the coupling device according to the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a beam forming a frame along the line IV-IV of FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the beam along the line V-V of FIG.

6 and 7 respectively show a plan view of the coupling device from two different positions, and a cross-sectional view taken along the line of FIG.

8 is an exploded view of a partially cut coupling device.

9 and 10 are detailed perspective views of the framework viewed from both installation positions.

The present invention provides a foundation, a plurality of vertical pillars are made by connecting each separated base material to each other in the longitudinal direction to make each one complete, at least partially positioned up and down each other to form a building layer On the other hand, while supporting the surface cover material, such as the floor structure material, the end is a plurality of horizontal beams that can be connected to each other to support the vertical pillar, and the coupling for connecting the base material of each vertical column described above to each other It relates to a construction frame consisting of a coupling device containing a support material for supporting the material and the beam connected to the coupling device.

Houses can be built using prefabrications of various sizes. Using such ready-made materials, instead of a place to build a building, for example, a part of the completion of the building can be achieved directly at the factory. Therefore, the time required to construct a building can be saved, and at a lower cost, more freedom in the selection of materials allows more accurate drying. The above is only a small example of the changed conditions and advantages that can be obtained with ready-made materials, and ready-made materials having various shapes and sizes can be selected according to the desired purpose and advantages. In most cases, the advantage is that any number of ready-made materials can be used in various parts of the building, regardless of the layout and size of the building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for building framing, which is composed of units that can be used for various purposes in various ways.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus which can reduce manufacturing costs by satisfying various functions.

The object of the present invention is that the above-mentioned objects are provided at the upper end of the base material forming the bottom at each connection point between the vertical base material is provided with a support material for supporting the four beams preferably perpendicular to each other at the end side to the side On the other hand, the first part of the joining material is provided to connect the vertical base materials to each other at the end, so that it is combined with the second part of the above-mentioned joining material installed at the lower end of the base material which forms the upper part at the connection point between the two vertical base materials. By achieving this.

An example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1, the main structure of a frame consists of several vertical pillars 1 supported by the base 3 by the board 2. As shown in FIG.

The base can be bare, and the plate (2) can be placed directly on it. However, special foundations such as foundation plates, columns or any other foundations known in the building art can be made and used. Several beams 4 extend between the vertical pillars 1. The horizontal beams 4 extend inwardly from the column and form an angle of 90 ° and 180 °, respectively. However, the number of beams extending from the column depends on the location of the column in the design of the building. Therefore, only two beams extend from the pillars at the corners of the building perpendicular to each other, while the pillars located between the corners along the outer wall of the building support or support two beams at an angle of 180 ° to each other. It supports three beams at an angle of 90 °, one of which extends inwards towards the center of the building. The pillar located in the center of the structure can support four beams, but there may be only two or three beams.

The beam 4, on the other hand, supports a workpiece 5 for the purpose of supporting or forming a horizontal surface of a building, such as a floor or ceiling. In the following, the material 5 is referred to as floor structure material. But at the top of the building they form a roof. The flooring structural material 5 is supported by the beam 4 as mentioned and by this arrangement extends in a straight line between their support points on the beam. However, in the case of a roofing material, the shape of the material may be triangular to form a sloping roof, or may be an angular shape to form a sloping roof like a sloping ceiling. However, since such changes are obvious to those skilled in the art, hereinafter, the material 5 will only be described as a flooring material for simplicity.

As is more apparent in FIG. 1 the columns have different lengths. Thus, columns extend through several floors, and as such a connection supports two or more beams of beams spaced one level apart. It is also evident that some of the pillars are already finished in the one-story parquet, extending only between the plate 2 and the first beam 4.

In this way, the length of the pillar is different depending on the form of the construction and the position of the pillar. However, as seen from the point of view of manufacturing and handling, the columns are separated as longitudinal materials in order to limit the number of different materials forming part of the assembly in order to benefit. In order to keep the height of the roof as standard, there are two types of pillar materials, namely, the lower base pillar material extending from the plate to the first beam (4) and the layer pillar material (7) extending between the two layers. Can meet the need. Each pillar material 6 and 7 supports a coupling device 8 arranged to attach one, two, three or four ends of the beam 4 at the upper end thereof at the same time. It is possible to connect the lower end to the upper end described above. The end of the beam 4 supports the devices arranged to engage the coupling device 8. In the following, the column materials will be described in more detail as well as their coupling devices and beams.

According to FIGS. 4 and 5 the beam 4 is shown in a Z-shaped shape with a web 9, an upper flange 10 and a lower flange 11. A plate 12 is attached to the underside of the upper flange 10, which has a tip and protrudes out of the beam tip (FIG. 6) and is equipped with a hole 16. The plate 12 is supported by the welded flange 13 on the one hand by the end plate 14 on the other hand and occupies the end position of the beam 4 with the groove 15 at the bottom.

The coupling device 8 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. Each coupling device is divided into two parts, one of which is located at the upper end of the pillar material 6 and 7 and the other is located at the bottom of the pillar material. The joining portions located at the upper end of the column material include a plate 17 inserted and welded slightly downward from the end of the rectangular vertical side of the column, with four pins 18 protruding from the plate 17 described above. Each of them is provided with a groove 19. The rod 20 extends up and down from the plate, and the lower end of the rod supports the support plate 21, and four Z-shaped supports 22 are connected in the side, which is the support plate 21. It may be connected to the round side 23 connected to the side. Each support 22 is in front of one of the square sides and just in front of the hole 24 of the aforementioned side. According to FIG. 6, the support 22 can, on the one hand, occupy an out-of-position shown on the left side of the drawing, and on the other hand, the support can be vertically occupied by occupying an inwardly-positioned position just shown in the drawing. It can be on the inside of the side.

The portion of the coupling device 8 at the lower end of the column includes a plate 25 having a keyhole-shaped hole 26, as shown in FIG. 7, which is welded to the column. It is a large, rounded area. The wide circular part may slide over the pin 18 while the narrow and long part fits into the waist formed by the groove 19 and does not fit into the outer part of the pin 18. In addition, the plate 25 has a central hole 27 for the rod 20. At the top of the plate 25, a plate 28, which is different from the plate 25, is welded to the lower end of the column material, which is completely loose and rests on the plate 25 at its own weight. This loose plate 28 has four holes 29 (Fig. 8) which are so large that they can pass over the outside of the pin 18. These holes are located just in front of the ends of the narrow portions of the holes 26 and concentrically form the hole ends thereof. Since the plate 28 is rectangular in shape, it fits inward to the square side of the column in the guided position as described above. The plate 28 is accessible from the outside through the hole 30 in the pillar material. As can be clearly seen in the figure, in particular in Fig. 8, the plate 17 occupies a recessed position of the upper end of the column material and the groove 31 (Fig. 8) is provided on the side of the column material. Very deep so that the plate 12 on the beam 4 can be located slightly below the remaining corner 32, which indicates the shortest end of the column. It is essential that the short distance between the plate 12 and the end of the corner portion 32 equal to the distance (third degree) at which the plate 25 protrudes below the lower end. The plate 25 is somewhat thicker than the width of the groove 19.

Although the main part of the frame and the coupling arrangement of the beam and beam have been described, additional materials are needed to form a complete frame. Therefore, the pillar 6 has a screw 33 at the lower end thereof so as to extend to the base plate 2 through the reinforcing portion 34. The base plate 2 is made by casting the concrete around the reinforcement 34. Since the height of the screw 33 relative to the base plate 2 can be adjusted by the nut 35, this arrangement allows the frame to be leveled horizontally regardless of the base plate having a different height from each other.

Furthermore, the beam 4 (FIG. 2) supports several brackets 36 used for the purpose of supporting the flooring structural material 5. There are also several holes 37 in the lower flange of the beam 4. The flooring material is designed as a channel beam with a web 38 and is equipped with three chute-shaped bends touching the edge flange 41. The chute-shaped bend 39 is seated relative to the bracket 36, and has a hole corresponding to the edge flange 41 and the hole 37, so that the flange 11 of the corner flange 41 and the beam 4 The bolts 42 may be attached to each other. The beam 4 has several holes 43 suitably for guiding the conduit. Furthermore, the framework has several covering materials. As shown in FIG. 2, the Z-shaped cover plate 44 is attached to the lower flange 11 of the beam 4 by a bolt 45 while occupying the position immediately below the beam 4. The cover plate 44 has a lower flange 46 which is fixedly connected to the main face lining of the building. The uppermost column 7 can support the base plate 47 of the roof at its upper end. This plate may be attached to the rod 20 protruding upwards, thereby providing an internal groove in which the thermal screw 48 is fixed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the pillars and beams of the frame form several open rectangular openings. These openings are divided into smaller areas to secure windows and doors. This work is done by vertical struts 47 (FIG. 10) and horizontal intermediate beams 48. These introductions are made in tubular form. In this arrangement the vertical strut has a pair of holes 49 in the shape of a keyhole resembling a hole 46 to one side at its upper end, each hole being on the side of the central center hole 50. A grooved pin 51 is attached to the beam, which is similar to pin 18 and surrounds the center pin 52 in a stacked arrangement. The pins 51 and 52 are attached to the web 9 of the beam 4 while the upper flange 10 has several holes 53 so that it is just in front of the pins 51 and 52 when the beam is installed. Located. The strut 47 has a pin 54 at its opposite end in addition to the holes 49 and 50 described above. Several holes 55 arranged in a stack are provided along the posts. On the other hand, the intermediate beam is equipped with a pull lock 56 which can move through the hole 57 in the beam side.

At the time of framework installation, the base plate 2 is first placed on the base 3. As mentioned, they can be positioned directly on the foundation when they are rigid, or alternatively they can be placed shallowly or deeply in plate holes. Plates may be placed on the bottom of pillars or on columns, and the plates may be replaced by complete drying of the mold concrete.

When the basic drying is completed, the column material 6 is placed and placed in the hole of the reinforcing member 34 by the bolt 33, and horizontally adjusted by the nut 35, all the column materials have almost the upper end. It is located at the same level. Since the lower beam 4 is in fact installed, the framework consists of a pillar material 6 which is a support.

The beam 4 is simply installed by a plate with a hole 16 which slides over the pin 18 and rests in a recessed position between the corner portions 32 of the column. Substituting the support 22 when installing the beam is out of the way so that the groove 15 of the plate 14 is assembled to the support described above as shown on the left side of FIG.

In this way the beam 4 is firmly supported at its end and, like the determination of position, cannot swing by supporting the beam itself. The now formed frame can be positioned more precisely horizontally by the nut 35.

The pillar layer 7 is fixed when the first layer of the frame is formed and the frame has one or several floors. However, as implied in Figure 1, a certain part of the framework is covered by the first floor, at which point, for example, a roof balcony is built. Before connecting the upper pillar material (7), the shape of the upper end of the pillar material (6) is shown in FIG. Thus, the plate 12 of the beam 4 hangs on the pin 18, and the beam projects directly from the side of the column. Fins 18 and rods 20 extend upwards over plate 12.

6 shows four beams connected to the pillar material, but may also connect one, two or three beams instead. If fewer than four beams are connected, no washers are used on pins 18. The washer has the same thickness as the plate 12. The upper pillar 7 according to FIG. 7 has a more circular portion of the hole 26 sliding down over the pin 18 with the same pillar sides displaced by about 45 ° from each other. The plate 25 of the upper column rests against the plate 12 and each washer mentioned. The plate 25 shows a corner, which is cut so as to be able to rotate inside the corner portion 13. As mentioned, these corners protrude upwards over the top of the upper column. Thus, the column material can move and the movement is made at an angle in which the sides of the column material are in line with each other. The end of the narrower portion of the hole 26 also faces against the waist of the pin 18 in the groove 19. As can be seen, the top surface of the pin 25 is behind the flange on which the groove 19 ends and the column is firmly fixed by this arrangement. In rotation, the rod 20 acts as a guide.

The upper pillar material 7 first slides over the pin to its position showing angular displacement with respect to the lower pillar material so that the tip of the pin is just in front of the plate 28 at the side of the hole. This means that it was lifted by the plate 28 pin. However, when the column material is in the locked position the pin will be in front of the hole 29 and the plate 28 will fall beyond the pin. The pillar material is thus locked so that it cannot be turned and is freed from the lower pillar material again. However, if you want to turn back the column material for the purpose of dismantling is to insert a pointed fork-shaped tool into the hole 30 to lift the plate 28. So far, the above-described functions can be clearly seen in the sixth, seventh and eighth degrees. 8 shows the end of two pillars with beams and a coupling device just before the installation work described above.

Upon connecting the struts 47 they are pivoted to the position shown in FIG. 10 so that the keyhole shaped hole 49 can slide over the pin 51 with its wider portion. Therefore, the pin 52 inserted into the hole 50 serves as a guide device. Rotating the strut to the vertical position will lock the narrower portion of the hole 49 relative to the grooved pin 51. At the end of the movement, the protruding pins 54 engage the upper beam 4. However, because this beam has been calculated to have a constant yield, the strut can be rotated against the spring force until the pin 54 fits into the hole 53, and the pin 51 is also narrow in the hole 49. It is in the locked position at the end.

In terms of length, the middle beam 48 is adapted to the distance between the two struts 470 and pulls the bolt of the lock back and inserts the beam between these two struts. Holes arranged in pairs in the middle beam 48 Placed in front of (55) to fix it and then push the bolt to suspend the intermediate beam on the protruding bolt inserted into the hole (55).

As can be seen in the above description of the brackets 36 on the beams 4 the flooring material is placed on the beams 4 and connected to the lower flange 11 by edge flanges 41. .

The fixing operation is made by putting the bolt and nut 42 through the hole 37 and the edge flange 41. Furthermore, the bracket 36 is equipped with a screw connection hole of the flooring material.

The frameworks required in the manner described above can be constructed in the desired size and shape. Multiple floors can be installed by attaching more pillar material 7 to the upper end of the lower pillar in the manner described above for the coupling device 8. The number of struts 47 and intermediate beams 48 depends on the number of openings in the wall separated from the main face of the building. In general, for windows, two intermediate beams are required, one at the top and bottom edges of the window, while the door opening requires only one intermediate beam at its upper edge. After completing the framework, the surface covering material is placed. Insulation can be inserted between the floor and ceiling materials. On the surface on which the beam 4 and the pillar material 7 are formed, the building material is inserted into the main surface material and the windows and doors, respectively. Insert the separated wall material into the rectangle inside the case with the door. These wall materials may be completed in the form of blocks completed as a whole, or inserted in the form of multiple layers of panels. The characteristics of the panel may be different depending on the function of forming the main surface of the exterior of the building. Windows and doors can be inserted into openings in the form of properly finished materials, including chassis.

The chassis described above can be suitably installed on the outer side with a pull-back device, which directly clamps the workpiece onto the peripheral edge of the opening. The roof may be formed by properly placing the roof material on the superstructure material and may be equipped with suitable tightening connections. However, since the above-described auxiliary device for completing the frame of the finished building is not the subject of the present application, it will not be described any more.

The above-described framework of the present invention is intended to be made first of steel, while the additional material required for the completion of the building can be made of panel-shaped material based on wood or plastic.

However, steel or aluminum plates can be used for the main surfaces of roofs and buildings, for example. In addition to steel, other metals such as light metals may also be used as special cases for all or part of the frame. Depending on the material, the manner in which the constructions are erected may vary to some extent in addition to those described above, which essentially permits welding in forming beams and columns as coupling devices.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a framework that can be easily dried and dismantled as needed without the need for any special tool and essentially without the use of a tool. In addition, according to the present invention, materials can be connected without using highly loose parts. Thus, no loose parts of bolts or similar form are required to connect the pillar material, beams, props and intermediate beams. This arrangement does not cause any parts to be lost in a very short time frame, but bolts or similar small materials are likely to be lost. The various materials are extremely highly suitable for filling into containers, so the pillars for this purpose do not show any protrusions along their sides. The ring 22 provided on the side can be rotated inward as already described above. The object of the present invention is to make a framework suitable for drying in distant places, in particular difficult to work with. Due to the fact that the frames can be completely disassembled and are easy to pack, they occupy the minimum required volume during transportation, so that even relatively large buildings can be transported in one or a few containers of standard sizes. It is of great importance that the risk of an incomplete building is completely eliminated by the loss of bolts or the like, which may occur in some cases where the distance is far away, since the small parts are omitted to the maximum. Since the framing can be easily installed, the exterior of the building can be quickly built so that the work can be completed under the roof inside the building. This is very important when building buildings in areas where climate is undesirable.

Claims (1)

As detailed in the text and shown in the figures, the upper end of the base material 6, which forms the bottom at each connection point between the vertical base materials, supports four beams which are preferably orthogonal to each other at their ends. Support material (18,22) is permanently installed, while the first part (19) of the joining material for connecting the vertical basic materials to each other is provided so as to be upper at the connection point between the two basic basic materials. Foundation bases (2,3), each separated base material (6,7), characterized in that it is to be combined with the second portion 25 of the above-described combination material provided at the lower end of the base material (7) By connecting the ends to each other in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of vertical pillars (1), each of which is made one by one, are positioned at least partially above and below each other to form a layer of a building. A plurality of horizontal beams (4), each supporting a surface cover material such as a lou structural material (5) and at the same time the ends thereof are connected to and supported by a vertical column, and the basic material (6, 7 to a joining device 8 which contains a joining material 19, 25 for connecting the ends 7) to one another and a support material 18, 22 for supporting the beam 4 with the joining device 8. Constructed structural frame.

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