KR820001059B1 - Process of treating fabrics with foam - Google Patents

Abstract

A process treating porous textile substrates by aq. froth compns. which contain textile-treating substances, e.g., resins or dyes, is described. Said aq. froth compns having half-life of 1 - 60 minutes break on contact with the textile, are rapidly absorbed, and leave the surface of the textile essentially dry to the touch. The froths contain 5 - 75 wt % textile treating agent, 0.2 - 5 wt% foaming agent, 0 - 5 wt% wetting agent, and extra water.

Description

How to Treat Woven Fabrics by Foam

The figure shows the relationship between the action of the foam in the porous material and the pressure of the foam for explaining the embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for treating a porous substrate with a foam as a treating agent.

Treatment of fiber materials with various chemicals, dyes, resins, etc. has long been done using aqueous baths. In this method, the fabric is saturated in an aqueous bath containing the treatment chemical and the water contained in the fabric for pressurization or drying must eventually be removed.

Among the many methods that have been used to treat fabrics in the past, the most common one is the pad drying method, in which the fabric is immersed in a treatment solution, saturated, pressed between rollers, and then wound onto the rollers. Drying solidifies on a drying roll which is heated in any frame before. The amount of water retained in the fabric is usually controlled by the pressure of the press roll. In conventional methods, at least 50-70% water still remains, based on the weight of the fabric. The large amount of water contained in this way requires a tremendous amount of energy consumed for heating the fabric.

The amount of energy spent on spatling and drying the water in the fabric is many times that of heating the fabric to perform the desired chemical treatment step.

In addition to pad drying processes where water is removed by compression between rollers, several other methods have recently been developed for effective removal. In one of these methods, the saturated fabric is transferred to a jet press using a pressurized air stream sprayed outward at the point of contact between the fabric and the nip roll to reduce the moisture contained in the fabric. In this way, the residual moisture content of the fabric was reduced to about half as compared with the above-mentioned compression roller method.

Another method is to use a vacuum dehydrator. In this method, the wet fabric from the treatment tank is transferred onto a porous roll where a vacuum is formed to extract moisture from the fabric.

In some cases a roller coating method may be used, in which the treatment composition in aqueous solution is continuously transferred to the fabric and is governed by the conveying speed and the fabric speed of the treatment composition by the coating roller. In this method, the treatment composition remains on or near the surface of the fabric.

Several new methods have been developed for the uniform application of compositions on porous substrates over the past few years. Recently developed methods use foam in other forms. However, methods of using foam to treat fabrics and yarns still have a lot of room for improvement. In US Patent No. 3,697,314, filed October 10, 1972, a foam was made and the thread passed through the foam to coat the outer surface of the yarn with a foamed treatment agent. In this method, however, when the thread passes through the foam, the thread must pass through the foam assembly in order to distribute the agent evenly on the circumferential surface of the thread, and the foam may be applied to only one side of the thread or fabric. There is no suggestion for evenly dispersing and penetrating the treatment agent inside the fabric.

Early attempts to use foams in the processing of woven fabrics can also be found in US Patent 1,948,568, filed February 27, 1934. Here, the wovens are placed in a closed container and the foam is injected into the service by a pump and forced to penetrate into the woven fabric so that the foam is uniformly infiltrated on all sides of the woven fabric and the saturation of the woven fabric with the fabric treatment agent in the form of foam. Was. In this patent the weave remains fixed.

In addition, there are several fabric treatment methods using foam, but almost all industrial fields still use aqueous treatment tanks and immerse the fabric in the tank to apply the treatment material to the fabric.

As pointed out earlier, in this method, a large amount of energy is required to remove the moisture remaining in the fabric.

The present invention relates to a method for treating a porous substrate such as a woven fabric, a fiber yarn, paper, etc. by using the composition for fabric processing in the form of a foam.

The present invention forms an amount of textile treatment composition into a foam having a specified density, size, and stable half-life, and continuously passes the foamed treatment composition to the adaptation nozzle and passes the dry fabric to be processed through its nozzle. Dry fabric is brought into contact with the foamed treatment composition and the application nozzle simultaneously.

In this way, a predetermined amount of foam fabric treatment composition is absorbed into the fabric in the application nozzle. If necessary, the fabric can be recovered and further processed.

This method can also be used for fabrics that have not been dried before the foam fabric treatment agent is applied to the fabric surface.

By doing so, the drying step after the conventional fabric manufacturing step prior to the chemical treatment can be omitted.

The method according to the invention can be used to treat all porous substrates, ie wovens or substrates such as non-wovens, paper, wood, veneers and the like, with chemicals having functional groups usually used for their treatment.

Thus, the process of the present invention is suitable for use in flame retardants, waterproof or water repellents, latex treatment agents, softeners of fibers, lubricating agents, processing enhancers, dye or pigment treatments for dyeing fibers, whiteness enhancers or fluorescent varnishes, bleaches, adhesives for nonwovens, It can be used to apply materials commonly used in fabrics or similar substrates, such as washing agents or polymers, heating dispersants or other processing agents for polymerizing monomers, oligomers and the like. As already pointed out, the process of the present invention allows the treatment chemistry to be applied on the surface of a material without unnecessarily using a large amount of water.

The method of the present invention, which takes less energy for post-treatment of the treated substrate, has a distinct advantage in view of soaring energy costs and depleting natural gas and other fuels.

In the method of the present invention, the treating composition containing the agent is foamed in a foam forming apparatus. Functional treatment compositions or analogs used in the present invention are formulated compositions containing reactive or functional agents used to treat porous substrates, such as fabrics and papers, to impart desired chemical and physical properties.

These functional treatment compositions are used to make the foam applied to the substrate by the method of the present invention and also contain foaming agents, functional chemicals, wetting agents, water, and other additives.

The devices used to produce the foam are well known and several forms are currently available. The composition in foam form is transferred to a foam application nozzle and delivered from there to the surface of the fabric to be treated. The way the foam moves to the fabric is extremely problematic for uniform dispersion on the fabric. The way in which such transitions are made, the density and size of the foam, and the stability are found to be very important. If this method is performed properly, a uniformly processed fabric can be obtained.

There are also many advantages over the conventional methods, for example, the reduction of energy required for drying due to the use of small amounts of water, the suppression of pollution by water, the elimination of chemicals that accumulate in the fabric during drying, and only one side of the fabric, if necessary The possibility of treatment, and the possibility of adding various chemicals in succession without intermediate drying step.

Foam is commonly manufactured in commercial foam generators, which consist of a stirrer that mechanically mixes a liquid chemical composition containing a chemical treatment agent applied to a fiber and a gas such as air to form a foam.

The density of the foam, its average size, and the stability were found to be important factors in the manipulation of the present invention. The density of the foam is in the range of 0.005-0.3 g / cc, usually 0.01-0.2 g / cc.

The average size of the foam is 0.05-0.5 mm in diameter, usually 0.08-45 mm, with a half-life of 1-60 minutes and usually 30-40 minutes.

The density of foam and half-life of foam can be obtained by measuring the foam's weight by measuring the foam's weight by placing the foam with the volume measured in advance into a graduated experimental cylinder with known weight.

과 같은 액체부피가 계산된다. 반감기는 이러한 부피의 액체가 실린더의 바닥에 모아지는 시간이다. 포말거품의 크기는 적용노즐에서 체취한 포말 샘플로부터 측정하며 현미경 유리슬라이드의 밑면을 포말로 코팅시키고 그 슬라이드 양끝을 두 개의 슬라이드로 받쳐준뒤 10초 이내에 32배율의 폴라로이드

카메라로 즉시 사진을 찍어서 결정한다. 6.77㎟의 실제 슬라이드 면적에 해당되는 현미경사진 73×94mm 부분에서 거품의 수를 센다. 그러면 거품의 평균 직경은 다음식으로 결정된다.Of the total weight of the foam in the cylinder from the measured density and volume of the foam and the density of the precursor liquid

The volume of liquid, such as Half-life is the time at which this volume of liquid collects at the bottom of the cylinder. The size of the foam is measured from the foam sample taken from the application nozzle, and the bottom of the microscope glass slide is coated with foam and the two ends of the slide are supported by two slides.

Decide immediately by taking a picture with the camera. Count the bubbles in the photomicrograph 73 × 94 mm, corresponding to the actual slide area of 6.77 mm2. The average diameter of the bubbles is then determined by

Average size of bubbles

0.2-5% by weight of the composition used to make the foam, usually 0.4-2% by weight of the foaming agent, 5-75% by weight, usually 10-60% by weight of the functional chemicals, and water to balance the total composition It includes. In addition, as an optional component, 0.001-5% by weight, usually 0.001-1.0% by weight, of a humectant may be used. However, wetting agents are not always necessary and need not be used at all when the foaming agent exhibits sufficient wetting action.

As the foaming agent, any surfactant that forms a foam may be used. The composition is foamed in a conventional foam former using air or other inert gas. The amount of inert gas used here is approximately 5 times the volume of the liquid composition to be foamed, but 200 or more may be used.

In this way, a foam having a desired density and bubble size is formed. The specific components used to form the foam are important issues to form the foam that is uniformly absorbed into the substrate and allows the application of the desired amount of functional chemical. Suitable foaming agents used herein include ethylene oxide precursors of C ₁₁ to C ₁₅ straight chain secondary mixed alcohols. It contains 10-50 molecular weight, usually 12-20 ethyleneoxy units. And ethylene oxide precursors of alkyl phenols having a straight chain primary alcohol having 10-16 carbon atoms and / or a portion thereof or an alkyl atom group having 8-12 carbon atoms, which are 5-50 per molecule, usually 7 It has -20 ethyleneoxy units. Fatty acid alkanolamides such as coconet fatty acid monoethanolamide are also useful. Other suitable foaming agents include sulfosuccinate ester salts, i.e., disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N- (1,2-dicacarboxyethyl) -N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, diamyl esters Sodium sulfosuccinic acid, sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dioctyl esters on sodium sulfosuccinic acid, or the like. In addition, nonionic and anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, or amphoteric surfactants are often used, such as distearylpyridinium chloride, N-coco-beta-amino propionic acid (or N-tallow or N). Lauryl derivatives) or sodium salts thereof, stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, betaines, or betaines or tertiary alkylamines quaternized with benzenesulfonic acid. Such materials are already well known and they can be used together in addition to the aforementioned components. In addition, it is sometimes advantageous to use one or two or more of these surfactants in combination. In selecting foaming agents for a given composition, particular care should be taken to use those that do not react with other reactants or do not interfere with foaming and processing.

As already pointed out above, wetting agents can be used as needed to give the foam sufficient destructive and wettability and sufficient stability when pumping from the foam generator to the application nozzle. The foam is formed from a composition that is semi-stable, rapidly wets, and contains relatively high concentrations of the aforementioned components as compared to aqueous treatment compositions that have been used so far. The stability of the foam formed from these compositions should allow for the pumping of the foam from the foam generator to the applicator head, but also the foam should be crushed and absorbed immediately upon contact with the substrate surface. The grinding properties of the foam are very important. This is because if the foam remains on the surface of the substrate to be treated, there are spots, spots, or other unbalanced distribution on the substrate.

Half-life foams, as mentioned above, have been found to have a combination of stability that facilitates pumping and migration to the substrate and instability that accelerates wetting when contacted on the substrate. The presence of any humectant is particularly important when the foaming agent used produces a stable foam, but the wetting effect is relatively poor, resulting in a failure to achieve a uniform distribution on the substrate at a rapid and continuous rate. In such cases, a combination of a foaming agent and a wetting agent is used. Suitable wetting agents include thiol methyl nonanol and 6 moles of ethylene oxide, mixed C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ linear secondary alcohols or C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ primary alcohols and 7- There are 9 moles of ethylene oxide precursor, nonylphenol and 9 moles of ethylene oxide, and silicone wetting agents such as the following structures, and commercially available fluorocarbon wetting agents such as known perfluoroalkylated surfactants can also be used.

N is 5-25, m is 3-10, P is 6-20, and R is alkyl having 1-6 carbons.

The amount of wetting agent added to give rapid grinding and absorbency depends on the type selected and can be easily determined by first using a small amount. The concentration of carbon fluoride wetting agent was observed to be approximately 0.0001-0.5% by weight and the amount of silicone wetting agent was in the range of 0.01-0.3% by weight.

In addition, excessive use of these forms shortens the formation or stability of the foam, making it difficult to transport and pump the foam to the substrate. Therefore, a small amount of primary testing can be used to determine if such problems exist. Some foams have sufficient wettability and do not require the use of an auxiliary wetting agent.

It has also been found that more favorable results can be obtained by adding known foam stabilizers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrolyzed guar gum and the like.

The method according to the invention can be used to apply various functional chemicals to impart certain specified properties to the substrate. Thus, the process of the present invention is directed to flame retardants, water repellent or water repellent agents, ball palm or bacterial agents, permanent presses or laundry resistant compositions, emollients, lubricants, hydrophobic agents, dyes or pigment treatment agents, sizing agents, whiteness increasing agents, fluorescent varnishes, Used for the application of adhesives, latex treatments, laundry detergents, anti-dispersants for the polymerization of monomers or oligomers or polys, anti-stain or rust inhibitors, or those used in woven fabrics for similar purposes. Can be. An important point in the selection of functionalities or treatments is that it does not interfere with the formation of the foam, and it is necessary to maintain the various properties of the foam as it is transported to the nozzle of the foam generator. It should not affect premature crushing of the foam and its penetration into the substrate.

The process is not limited to special functional agents and combinations. Representative functional chemicals include dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea, dimethylol ethylene urea, dimethylolflophylene urea, urea formaldehyde resin, dimethylol urones, methylolated melamines and methylolated triazones. Carboxylated carbamates include ethyl, methoxy, ethyl, or isopropyl or butyl carbamates; epoxides include vinylcyclohexane dioxide, 2,3-dialyloxy-1,4-dioxane, 2,3-bis (2,3-epoxypropoxy) -1,4-dioxane, disrididiyl ether of bisphenol-A, bis (3,4-epoxybutyl) ether, terraquixylhydroxyethyl as flame retardant Phosphonium chloride polyvinyl chloride latexes, such as (N-hydroxymethyl-3-dimethylphosphono) propionamide, as waterproofing or water repellents such as aluminum formate, sodium formacetate, methylene ratio -Such as stilamides, and as antifungal and antibacterial agents, such as cooff-8-quinolinolate, dihydroxy dichlorodiphenylethane, zinc salts of dimethyldithio carbamic acid, and dihydroxymethyl undecenamide Latex processing agents include polyvinyl acetate latexes, acrylic latexes, styrene-butane latexes, and the like, such as polyethylene dimethyl stearate ammonium salts emulsified with softeners, and butyl stearate and diethylene as lubricants. Such as glycol stearate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and processing enhancers such as polyvinylacetate latexes, acrylic latexes and styrene-butadimen latexes. Acid Blue 25 (Color Index 62055), Acid Red 151 (Color) 26900), dyes of the direct dye red 39 (chromicity index 23630) dispersion system, such as red 4 (chromaticity index 60755), phthaloxyanine blue 15 (chromaticity index 74160) are used, and polyyl bialcohol, corn starch as sizing agents As a whiteness enhancer, 4-metal-7-tetylaminocoumarin crosslinking agents include sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, hydrogen phenoxide, dichlorodimethyl hydanroin, sodium perborite, and the like. Emulsified polymers of ethylene-vinyl acetate as binders, emulsified polymers of acrylics, vinyl-acrylic copolymers, and the like, as washing-resistant reagents, sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium N-methyl -N-oleoyl laurate, and primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, and as a heat dissipating agent for monomers and oligomers Acrylates, neopentyl glycol diacrylates, pentaeryltritol triacrylates, isodecyl acrylates, acrylated and epoxidized soybean oils and linseed oils; antistatic agents include ethoxylated stearyl As amine stains and rust inhibitors, acrylic synthetic resins and fluorocarbon emulsifiers are used.

The compositions used in the process of the present invention are prepared by mixing functional compounds, foaming agents, wetting agents and water with other additives as needed. This composition becomes a foam which is transferred to a foamer or nozzle where the surface of the substrate is treated.

In the production of foam, foam is generated by the bubbler from a certain amount of the composition. In this bubble step, care should be taken in controlling the amount of air injected into the bubbler, the amount of rotation of the stirrer, and rpm.

At this time, the rotation rate of the rotor is particularly important, and thus the size and half-life of the bubbles generated is almost determined. In addition, the correlation ratio between the supply of the composition and the supply of the gas plays an important role in determining the density of the foam.

The nozzle used to apply the foam to the substrate is of great importance in the successful implementation of the method of the present invention as it allows the substrate to be treated and the foam to contact each other. The nozzles of the processor are designed to have a constant width from one side to the other, large enough to allow the width of the woven fabric to pass therethrough. The spacing between the front and rear exits of the nozzle orifice can range from 10 mils to about 6 inches, or more, usually between 20 mils and 4 inches.

ECT로 표시된다.The width or spacing of such nozzle orifices is designed such that the mechanical contact time (MCT) is equal to or less than the parallel contact time (ECT) for the specified foam substrate combination. Expression MCT

It is displayed as ECT.

The mechanical contact time here refers to the time at which a given point on the substrate is exposed on the orifice of the nozzle during foaming. The mechanical contact time in seconds is equal to the orifice width in inches divided by the speed of the fabric in inches per second.

Equilibrium contact time refers to the time required for the substrate to absorb the foam at the rate at which the foam is supplied to the nozzle.

Additional foam will be absorbed by the substrate when the foam is under pressure.

Adjust to apply a constant pressure of 2-20 inches of water.

If the MCT is larger than the ECT, non-uniform results were obtained. In other words, it is not applicable when the rate of absorption is greater than the rate of foam supply.

However, there are cases where you want to make MCT larger than ECT. In such cases, staining or irregular shape remains in the width of the substrate as it passes through the processor during treatment, which is very beneficial when it is not desired to make the dye uniform. The nozzle orifices consist of two plates and an edge face which are separated from each other and have a length equal to the width of the substrate. The substrate is in contact with the tip of the head, which has a variety of points, tapered, flat, helical, jade, etc. to suit and seal the foam between the heads.

The angle between the substrate between the first lip contacted and the last lip contacted, and the application and lip faces, varies widely to maintain the seal between the substrate and the lip.

The ends of the orifices must be sealed to prevent foam loss. If MCT = ECT, manipulation is possible, but contact is made only at the entrance of the lower flow by the substrate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings are for the purpose of illustrating the practice of the invention, in which FIG. 1 illustrates representative interrelationships between the foam accepted by the substrate and the pressure on the foam.

This curve indicates the absorbency of the foam as measured by the total composition comprising water in a 4 oz / square yard 65/35 polyester / cotton woven fabric at 0.025 seconds of mechanical contact time.

It is surprising that such a large amount of foam was absorbed by the substrate at atmospheric pressure within a very short time of 0.025 seconds. This figure shows that 8% of the substrate weight and nearly 35% of the fiber volume are absorbed by the substrate under atmospheric pressure during this short mechanical contact time.

Also the absorption of foam by the substrate from the slope of the curve is substantially increased at low water pressure. In other words, a long equilibrium contact time increases foam absorption.

It can be seen that the absorption of foam is independent of the speed of the fiber as long as the nozzle orifice width is maintained at the same mechanical contact time. On the other hand, the absorption of the foam is affected by the properties of the fiber or foam.

At low levels of absorption (below 8wt% in Figure 1), abnormal conditions are caused, resulting in non-uniformity when applying chemicals. That is, it is larger than ECT between MCTs. Normal conditions can be reached if MCT = ECT. Control for uniformity of absorption uses water pressure. In this way, the mechanical contact time is controlled equal to or less than the equilibrium contact time. Preferred operating conditions can be achieved when the mechanical contact time results in a pressure in the 2 inch-10 inch hydraulic range on the foam in the nozzle.

In the process of the present invention, it is possible to apply a single functional agent or several functional agents onto a substrate, which can then be dried or processed simultaneously with drying. The amount of foam composition added to such a substrate is less than the limit of the moisture content of the substrate, and the treated substrate is stored in its dry state without roller treatment, or it is transferred again for other uses or other treatments. . Foamed substrates do not require drying after treatment. It is the only and unexpectedly desirable property of the present invention that the desired amount of foam composition can be used regardless of the initial dry state of the substrate as long as the substrate is not fully saturated upon treatment of the foam composition.

It is also within the present invention to apply two or more treatments or components with each functional chemical composition and application nozzle. This multiple application method is particularly advantageous when the individual treatments or reactants do not affect each other or are too reactive to each other to exist in one composition.

Foamed substrates can sometimes be subjected to heat treatment or radiation treatment depending on the composition applied and the desired purpose. The substrate so treated may be heat treated or exposed to nonionic or mild radiation for drying or for solidifying the applied composition. In any case, a known heat treatment method or a radiation treatment method for treating the composition can be used.

Infrared lamps, hot gases, ovens, heating rollers, or similar conventional heating devices may be used for drying or thermal curing, and ultraviolet radiation, gamma radiation, electron beam radiation or similar conventional methods are used for radiation curing. The absorption of the foam by the substrate is affected by the foam's properties, weight and structure of the substrate, and the initial dryness and degree of hydrophilicity of the substrate. Natural fibers such as wool, cotton wool, or linen are known to be more hydrophilic than synthetic fibers such as polyester, and thus the foam compositions are better absorbed and have a long-lasting touch after drying. Selective prewetting or postwetting of any part of the substrate causes the treatment foam composition to be moved towards the edge of the prewet or postwet part so that the unwet part remains uniformly dry without such a transition. The use of a foam composition containing a dye gives an effect similar to that effected by the binding dyeing method without binding the fabric by this method.

In particular, the fact that the foam was absorbed into the substrate at a very high rate is unexpected. In most cases the desired amount of foam composition was applied and absorbed for a short time within approximately 0.05 seconds or less. It was also an unexpected discovery that the foam could be applied over the entire substrate in a chosen form.

Apparatus used in the representative embodiment is a device for transferring the fabric from the unwinding roll to the application nozzle, a storage container for manufacturing and storing the treatment composition, a foam generator, a foam circulation device, a device for transferring the foam to the applicator nozzle, foam application It consists of a head and a nozzle device. You can optionally add devices such as ovens or radiation generators.

For application, the foam application nozzles were made of plexiglass to enable visual observation. However, other materials may be used. In a typical operation, the fabric is conveyed from the unrolling roll through the guide and the roll, and the foaming composition is applied to one side of the fabric when the fabric is in contact with the nozzle of the foam applicator head. Then the fabric is collected on rolled rolls

As the fabric passes through the foam applicator nozzle, the foaming composition is brought into contact with and absorbed by the fabric. The foam enters the foam chamber through the foam inlet point at the base and exits from the foam applicator head through the applicator nozzle slit and accumulates on the fabric. The foam was made by foaming the textile treatment composition. As the foam enters and fills the foam chamber through the entry point, its velocity is reduced before it enters the slit or orifice of the applicator nozzle.

It was observed that uniform coating of the foam on the substrate can be achieved when the grain of the applicator nozzle is in contact with the substrate. The first lip or upstream lip is not in contact with the substrate and the foam accumulates behind the applicator nozzle lip, forming a mass of foam and causing non-uniform application and penetration. If the second lip or downflow lip of the applicator nozzle is not in contact with the fabric, the accumulation of foam is pushed out of the nozzle slit so that portions of the fabric just pass through and thus the foam composition is applied unevenly. It was found from these that uniform application of the foam onto the substrate could be best achieved only when both lips of the applicator nozzle were in contact with the substrate. In some cases, particularly where MCT = MCT, good applications could be achieved when the fabric is only in contact with the downflow ribs.

The following equations are useful for determining the amount of foam composition entering the foamer and the amount of foam applied to the substrate. Formula I represents the amount of liquid foam composition expressed in ft ³ per unit time.

Equation II shows the amount of foam applied to the substrate expressed in ft ³ per unit time.

In the above expression

Vs = substrate speed (line speed), feet / minute

V ₁ = flow velocity of liquid, ft ³ / min

Vf = foam flow velocity, ft ³ / min

δf = foam density, lb / ft ³

C ₁ = concentration of liquid (solid matter),% ows

Ws = weight of substrate, lb / ft ²

Cs = amount of solid added to the fabric,% owf

λ = the width of the substrate or nozzle orifice being treated, ft

δ ₁ = density of the liquid foam composition, lb / ft ³

The apparatus used in Examples 1 and 2 is an Oucus mixer (model number 4MHA) which is connected to the foam processor head.

An amount of the composition is introduced into the mixer, foamed and transferred to the applicator by appropriate conduits.

The foam processor head consists of a foam chamber and a nozzle. The foam yarn is about 12 inches long, about 1.5 inches wide and about 1.5 inches high. In the center of the bottom of the foam chamber is a foam inlet through which a foam composition for processing red tide is introduced. At the top of the foam chamber is a nozzle, which is an elongated slit or orifice that opens in the longitudinal direction of the foam chamber.

The houses of the slit are inclined outward and the inclination angle in the downward direction is about 45 °. Two foam processor heads with different sizes of foam chambers of that size were used. The first processor head has a foam chamber measuring 12 x 1.5 x 1.5 inches with a volume of 390 cc. When viewed from the front of the foam chamber, which has a volume of 84 cc, the second processor head has a triangular structure.

In this case, the base of the processor head is angled and inclined from the center where the foam inlet device is located 1-0 inches deep at the end of the foam chamber.

Silicone wetting agent I has the following structure.

The test procedure used was as follows.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention.

Example 1

As a laundry resistance composition, what contains the following components is prepared.

DMDHEU: 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidone, 45% aqueous solution

Softener Ⅰ: Liquid Emil Zone of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene with 30% Solids

Foaming agent Ⅰ: mixing a primary straight-chain alcohols in the C ₁₁ to C ₁₅ in 20 mol of ethylene oxide to which a transition in the molecule.

Wetting agents Ⅰ: 9 mol of ethylene oxide to C ₁₁ in a mixture of linear secondary alcohols of C ₁₅ to which the switch in the molecule.

The composition for treating the woven fabric described above was foamed by a commonly used Oucus mixer. The resulting foam is transferred to the foam processor head described above, where the fiber is passed between slits of the foam processor nozzle at a rate of about 25 feet per minute to add about 9 weight percent of the chemical. The width of the slit of the foam application nozzle was changed. The details of this example are detailed in Table A below.

TABLE 1

Example 2

Treatment compositions of laundry resistant fabrics were prepared similarly as in Example 1 except for the silicone wetting agent.

The composition for processing the woven material was made to have a solid content of 39.8 weight%. The production of foam was also the same as in Example 1, with the resulting foam having a density of 0.05 to 0.06 cc per gram. The foam is treated to a wide fabric of cotton by the same method as in Example 1, wherein the nozzle is conveyed at a rate of 25 feet per minute. The nozzle slit is 25 millimeters wide and the process chamber volume is 390 cc. The solid part amount of the foam composition to the woven fabric is 6-7 weight%. The touch of the woven fabric treated with the foam composition after this treatment was a dry touch.

Samples of foamed fabrics are stored in plastic sealed containers until heat treated. After some time, the foamed fabric sample is heated directly without intermediate drying steps on the pinframe for 10, 30, 60 and 90 seconds at temperatures of 320 ° F and 360 ° F. In addition, at each temperature, one specimen is first dried at 300 ° F for 90 seconds and then for an additional 90 seconds.

The results are summarized in Table B by comparing the samples from this to a series of samples that were initially dried and cured by conventional methods after the foam application was completed.

From these results, it can be seen that excellent washing resistance properties are obtained by the method of the present invention, in which continuous treatment of the coating is used to apply the laundry resistant treatment composition to one surface of the woven fabric. It can also be seen that an intermediate drying step is not necessary to obtain good laundry resistance properties and such properties can be obtained from a short curing step of about 30-60 seconds at about 360 ° F.

TABLE 2

* Indicates the control of the specimen, dried for 1.5 minutes at 30 ° F, and then cured for 1.5 minutes at the curing temperature indicated by the general curing conditions. All specimens except those with these marks are not dry.

Example 3

A laundry resistant composition was prepared with the following components in the ratio of weight percent.

Liquid compositions generally contain small amounts of tracer dyes that are widely used, their density is 1.18 g / cc and the total amount of solids is 43.5 weight%. This was done using a commercially available Ease-E-foam generator (model number 1000) to produce a thin foam with a density of 0.073 g / cc through 16 times the air to liquid volume. Foam is produced by feeding a liquid composition to the foam generator at a rate of 564 cc / min.

The pressure of the foam generator head is 20 psig and the foam is transferred to the processor nozzles to uniformly treat the surface of the plate-shaped 50/50 polyester / cotton fabric, approximately 9 inches wide, weighing approximately 4 ounces per square yard. The fabric travels over the processor nozzle at a speed of 300 feet per minute for an MCT of 0.001 seconds.

Under these conditions, the pressure at which the fabric is foamed at the nozzle is 16.5 inches hydraulically and the amount of chemical processed at the fabric is about 8%.

The apparatus consists of a suitable supply, an induction roller of the collecting fabric, a device for delivering the foam from the foam generator to the processor head, and the processor head. The foam processor head consists of a foam chamber with a processor nozzle located at the top and a foam inlet in the center of the bottom, and the inner foam chamber of the processor head is about 9.5 inches long, about 1.75 inches wide, and about 2 inches high. Is about 33 cubic inches.

The processor nozzle has two thin hole heads located along the length of the foam chamber. The head is attached to the body of the foam chamber. The head is inclined at 45 ° from the foam chamber to the rear portion of the foam chamber. It is 0.046 inches long, 1.5 inches long, and the outside exit is also inclined at 45 °.

The foam entered the foam chamber past the inlet point at the bottom, filled at normal pressure, moved through the hole in the processor nozzle, and absorbed by the processor nozzle when in contact with the fabric.

The fabric traveled at the aforementioned speed of 300 feet per minute and was in contact with both outer outlets of the processor nozzle and it was observed that the foam was applied uniformly to the fabric.

Example 4

The washable composition was prepared to contain the following components in weight percent and include tracer dyes.

The liquid composition has a density of 1.18 g / cc and the total amount of solids is 43.9 wt% and also contains tracer dyes.

The foam is prepared using a device such as that described in the previous examples, through 25 times air relative to the volume of the above liquid composition. The resulting foam density is 0.048 g / cc and the foam head and line pressure at the processor head is 18 psig.

The foamed composition is heat treated and then passed through a foam processor nozzle to the surface of a 48 inch wide 65/35 polyester / cotton platen fabric, weighing approximately 4 ounces per square yard, using a commercially available render heater. Is processed. The fabric speed is maintained at 30 feet per minute for an MCT of 0.011 seconds and control of these speeds is done in a tender dryer. The tender dryer passes through at 42 ° F for 360 °.

The elongation of the fabric is maintained by shock rollers and idle rollers. The improvement here is that in the embodiment the idle roller is located about 6 inches below the top of the processor nozzle outlet about 12 inches from each side of the processor nozzle and the center of the nozzle orifice. Here, 8% of the foamed chemical composition is used.

This apparatus is the same as described in Example 3, but uses a larger scale with a distribution plate in the interior chamber. The inner foam chamber is sized facing the end of the foam inlet and is 60 inches long, 2.25 inches wide and 7 inches high from 5 inches above it.

The distribution plate is located 4 inches above the top of the foam chamber, past the length and overall width of the foam chamber. The distribution plate has 60 openings, each 0.07 inch in diameter, uniformly bonded to the surface, and separates the processor head from the lower and upper treatment chambers.

The foam enters the distribution chamber at an end that has a significant height. The uniform foam generation in the processing chamber causes the distribution plate or loom surface in the processor to pass through the processor nozzle. The hole in the processor nozzle is 0.032 inches wide and is 2 inches long. Inches.

Under these conditions, the pressure of the foam passing through the distribution plate is 4 inches hydraulically. It can be observed that the foamed composition under these conditions has excellent processing capacity.

Example 5

The composition is prepared by containing the following components in weight percent.

The liquid composition contains a tracer dye with a density of 1.18 g / cc and a total amount of solids of 43.5 weight%.

The composition is formed into foam by the treatment of several different procedures using a different commercially available foam manufacturing apparatus. The rotor of the Oucus Mixer (Model 4MHA) is run at 1740 rpm and the pressure is 30 psig. At pressures of 740 rpm and 16 psig, a foam of 0.09 g / cc density can be formed. The liquid composition is supplied at a rate of 564 cc per minute, with air passing through the ratio of air and liquid in a volume ratio of 13: 1. It can be observed that the foam generator has larger bubbles generated therefrom when operating at 740 rpm than when operating at 1740 rpm.

Next, as a commercial foam generator, the Ease-E-foam generator (model 1000) is operated by operating at 410 rpm and 20 psig.

Here, foam with a density of 0.092 g / cc was produced. The method of generating foam of this example is much more advanced than using an Oucus Mixer. The foam is treated on the surface of the 65/35 plate-like polyester / cotton fabric by the treatment process described in Example 3 with the same treatment apparatus as used in Example 3. The nozzle slit is 1 inch wide and the fabric travels over the processor nozzle at a speed of 300 feet per minute for an MCT of 0.0167 seconds. By using the Ease-E-foam generator to draw bubbles, the process can be processed more evenly. You can also run the Oucus Mixer at 740 rpm to generate bubbles. Incomplete treatment could be observed when the Oucus mixer was run at 1740 rpm to generate bubbles. This incomplete treatment results from the creation of small bubbles.

Example 6

The composition is prepared by containing the following components in weight percent.

Wetting Agent II: A proton with a linear secondary alcohol of C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ with ethylene oxad 7ol.

The liquid composition has a density of 1.18 g / cc and the total amount of solids is 43.5 weight percent. This is a commercially widely used Ease-E foam generator, which forms a foam by operating the rotor at 410 rpm while passing air at a ratio of 10 times, 13 times, and 20 times the amount of liquid. In the above, foams having the density described in Table III are produced. The foam is transferred to the processor nozzle and weighed 6 weights on the surface of three different fabrics: 65/35 polyester / cotton (fabric A), 50/50 polyester / cotton (fabric B), and 100% cotton (fabric C). It is treated uniformly by adding%. In this series, the fabric travels at 100, 200 and 300 feet per minute over the processor nozzle between the ECT and the MCT in the wide orifice opening. In addition to the foam, the width of the slit of the processor nozzle can be adjusted to 1, 3, or 4 inches with the processor head.

It can be seen that the width of the processor nozzle slit is an advanced treatment method obtained under these special conditions. This can also be observed as the foam at the processor nozzle flows with wide openings and at high speed as the foam structure changes.

The processor head uses the thing which can make the width | variety of a processor nozzle various in this embodiment. There is a treatment chamber next to the distribution plate 1 inch above the floor and is constructed similar to that described in Example 4. Processor head A has a distribution chamber 9 inches long and 1 inch high and 3 inches wide, with adjustable widths from 0.25 to 3 inches.

The distribution plate has 17 holes, each of which is 3/8 inch in diameter. The distribution chamber of processor head B is 6 inches wide, and the processing chamber can be adjusted to 6 inches or more in width, and the head has holes of this coefficient and size. The width of the nozzle is selected according to the width of the processing chamber, the selection being made according to the position of one of the outlets, and the two outlets form two sides of the processing chamber. Processor head B is used with nozzles greater than 3 inches wide. While the foamed composition is being treated in the fabric, the fabric comes into contact with both outlets of the processor nozzle. It can be seen that the conditions under which the fabric is treated are due to the width of the nozzle slit and the water pressure, as summarized in the following table.

TABLE III

Nozzle Slit Width, Inch (Hydraulic, Inch)

Example 7

It is prepared by including the following components by weight in the laundry resistant composition.

The density of the liquid composition is 1.18 g / cc and the total amount of solid components is 43.5% by weight. Using this composition, the air volume per liquid volume is 13 and 5 at the rotational speed 410 of the bubbler by the Ease-E-bubble which is generally used, and is foamed. The combination of the wetting agent is for the synergistic effect of the foaming agent and the wetting agent. The stable foam obtained here has a half-life of about 15 minutes and a density of 0.089 g / cc and 0.2 g / cc.

The head of the processor that uses the foam to process the substrate is 9 inches long and 2.5 inches high. Both sides have a space of 1 inch and the inclination angle of the top is 45 degrees.

The gap between these two sides is a nozzle orifice or a fin.

The foam is guided through the bottom into the nozzle processor, where the woven material moves through the nozzle at a rate of 100 feet in 1 minute to allow the MCT to be 0.011 seconds. In this treatment, excellent results are obtained.

Example 8

The composition is prepared by including the following components in weight percent.

The foam in this example has a density of 0.48 g / cc.

Such high density lacks stability and can be applied normally in the method of the present invention. In this embodiment, the humectant, itself is a humectant, and also serves as a foaming agent.

Example 9

Two compositions are prepared as follows.

This composition is formed into foam by the same method as in Example 7. Composition A did not form a stable foam with a density of 0.41 g / cc. Composition B forms a stable foam with a size of 0.243 mm and a density of 0.04 g / cc, with a bubbler of 210 rpm. This foam product is used to treat the head of the processor as in Example 7, wherein the foam produced from Composition B is applied to a 50/50 polyester / cotton woven fabric at a rate of 300 feet per minute and 9% of treatment is added. At this time, polyester / cotton was treated as a normal treatment method.

When the foam former was operated at 485 rpm, the resulting foams had the same density and 0.043 mm in size, but were not uniformly applied.

Example 10

The composition consists of the following components.

These compositions were produced into foam in a manner similar to that described in Example 7, and in this way could be produced in a satisfactory foam with a density of 0.09 g / cc. The composition contains a silicone surfactant I that can produce a foam having a foam half life of 14 minutes. The foam half life of the composition without the silicone was only 10 minutes.

Example 11

Two compositions containing the following ingredients are prepared.

The foam is produced by a treatment process similar to that described in Example 7, wherein the foam by composition A has a density of 0.09 g / cc and its half life is 5.5 minutes. And the foam density by the composition B is 0.09 g / cc and half life is 21 minutes.

When the foam was applied to 50/50 polyester / cotton and 100% cotton fibers, the composition was very good and evenly distributed. Foam application procedures and apparatus were as in Example 7.

Example 12

The next series of compositions were prepared with varying amounts of reinforcement added.

The components of the composition are as follows.

Composition A contains no strengthening agent and the viscosity is 5.2 cps at 23 ° C.

Composition B contains 0.1% of hydroxyethyl cellulose and its 1% solution has an LVT Bruch Wheeled viscosity of about 3000 cps at 30 rpm, 25 ° C. using an axis of No. 3.

The Brook Wheeled viscosity of the composition is 15.7 cps at 23 ° C.

Composition C contains 0.2% of hydroxy ethyl cellulose as above and is 30.4 cps at 23 ° C. of Brook Wheeled viscosities. Composition D contains 0.3 percent of the same hydroxyethyl cellulose as before and the Brewworkwheel viscosity is 83.1 cps at 23 ° C.

These compositions are produced in foam with a density of 0.045 g / cc, according to the method in Example 7.

The resulting foam is applied to 4 oz weight 65/35 polyester / cotton, or 100% cotton fabrics. The size of the distribution chamber of the processor head is 9x2x2 inches, and the size of the processing chamber is 9x2x0.75 inches. The slits of the processor nozzles are 0.75 inches wide.

The distribution plate has 15 holes and each is 3/16 inches in diameter. The outlet of the nozzle is inclined 5 ° inside. The amount of foam added to the fabric moving at a speed of 300 feet per minute is 6% by weight. The uniformity was very good upon application of compositions up to A-C and composition D was fine.

Example 13

The composition is prepared from the following ingredients.

The liquid composition density is 1.18 g / cc and the total amount of solids is 43.5%. An Ease-E-foam generator was used to feed 188 cc of composition per minute with a sufficient amount of air to the foam generator to produce a foam having a density of 0.02 g / cc.

At this time, the foam generator is operated at 400rpm. The foam is applied to the surface of the 50/50 polyester / cotton fabric using a device such as that described in Example 12, with processor nozzles of 1 and 3/16 inch openings located 5 ° inclined from the outlet.

The treatment of the fabric is at a feed rate of 300 feet per minute and the force of the material treating the fabric is 2.5 inches by hydraulic pressure. In this way, uniform treatment was possible.

Example 14

The results of the first wetting treatment of the fabric with 60% water in the method in the present invention will be discussed in this example. The composition is prepared from the following components.

The composition is run at 410 rpm using an Ease-E-foam generator to feed 125 cc of composition per minute resulting in a foam of 0.06 g / cc density. It is first treated on a plate-like cotton fabric first wetted with an apparatus as described in Example 12 at an opening 0.5 inches wide of the processor nozzle at a fabric transfer speed of 300 feet per minute. The composition was able to uniformly treat the wet fabric first, and the pressure drop over the fabric was 0.5 inches with hydraulic pressure. The pressure drop without pre-wetting treatment of the same woven fabric using the same foam was 25/8 inch by water pressure.

Example 15

The composition was prepared with the following ingredients.

The composition is fed at 564 cc / min while running the rotor at 410 rpm using an Ease-E-foam generator, and air is supplied at a rate of 15 times the composition by volume. Under these conditions foams of density 0.078 g / cc are produced.

The width of 13/16 inch will travel at a speed of 300 feet per minute for a 50/50 polyester / cotton platen fabric weighing 8 ounces per square yard under the same conditions as described in Example 13 using a nozzle with an opening slot. When added to the foam composition 4.5%.

This showed that the foam was treated evenly on the fabric. When passing through the fabric, the pressure drop was 27/8 inches by hydraulic pressure.

Example 16

The dye composition contains the following components.

The pH is adjusted from 5 to 6 with acetic acid and the rotor is run at 340 rpm using an Ease-E-foam generator to produce foams of different densities.

The foam is applied to a fabric of 100% polyester and 65/35 polyester / cotton by adjusting the nozzle orifice width of the processor head to 0.5 inch as in Example 12. The woven fabric moves the orifice passage speed to 100 feet per minute, with a total wetness of about 14% by weight.

When processing 100% polyester with foam A, the opening part of a nozzle is sealed with a tape, and a strip | belt-shaped thing is obtained from a woven material.

The foam is normally treated to the woven fabric as in other embodiments, and the finished woven fabric feels dry to the touch. The banded woven fabric after the curing of the treatment time is heated at 420 degrees Fahrenheit for 3 minutes to fix the dye. From this, a clean processed product was obtained.

In a similar way the entire fabric surface is stained by removing the take from the nozzle.

Foam A is applied to 65/35 polyether / cotton using the same device. The effect on the woven specimen was shown by the location of the stencil between the nozzle and the woven fabric. The stencil moves at the same speed as the fabric and the foam is ejected from the nozzle. The stained part of the woven fabric was normal staining, especially the stained area was clean. Foam B's are treated in 100% polyester in the same way, with the woven being completely dyed.

Here you can see the staining as a result of normal treatment. Woven fabrics are washed with water, roller treated, stored for 48 hours, and then heated to 420 ° F for 3 minutes to fix dyes. Here, a slight uneven part of the dyeing was observed, and when dropped in water, it became slightly marked after drying.

This is due to the fixing process of dyeing.

Example 17

The laundry-resistant dyeing composition contains the following components.

The above composition is diluted with 25% water and its pH is adjusted to 5-6 to form a foam in the same manner as in Example 16.

At this time, the density is 0.046g / cc, the half-life is about 9.4 minutes, the feed rate of the foam composition is 376cc / min, the ratio of air and liquid is about 25: 1. Such foams are used to treat 65/35 polyester / cotton woven fabrics, wherein the openings of the device and orifice used are as in Example 16. The weave is fed at a speed of 300 feet per minute with an MCT of 0.008 seconds. The added amount of DMDHEU of the woven material was 4.5% by weight and the dye was 1.5% by weight. The woven fabric is dyed in the dry state and the state of dyeing is normal. The treated fabric is heat treated at 420 ° C. for 3 minutes. In addition, the same foam is treated to the sample of the woven fabric in the same manner as described in Example 18.

As a result of these results, they are effective in rejecting the intermediate dyeing process in both washing resistance and dyeing resistance. There was no stain or rapid wetting even when the dye was fixed and washed, and there was no dye lost from the woven fabric.

Example 18

The following were manufactured with a dyeing composition.

* As described in Example 12.

The pH is adjusted to 5-6 with acetic acid and foam is generated using an Ease-E-foam generator as in Example 17. The density of this foam is 0.075 g / cc.

This foam is treated as in Example 17 using a 65/35 polyester / cotton cloth to bring the amount of dye added in the quantity%. The treatment uses the normal method. As a result, excellent dyeing effect was observed, and the same result was obtained for 3 minutes of heating at 420 ° F for fixing.

Some dye compositions are diluted with 5 times water. This was used to pet the woven fabric, which was tested for the degree of diffusion of the dye by AATCC test method 140-1974. At the same time, the foaming was carried out for the comparative test, and the transfer of dye was also measured in the same way. In the comparative observations, the woven fabrics treated with the concentrated dye composition according to the foam treatment method of the present invention did not find any shift of dyeing, but the excess of dye absorption and the Dye migration could be observed. The values obtained in this experiment were 4% and 48.8%, respectively.

Claims (1)

In applying the treatment composition on the surface of the porous substrate, the treatment composition is made into a foam having a density of 0.005-0.3 g / cc, which is continuously transferred to an applicator nozzle, and the substrate to be treated is continuously transferred. Bringing the substrate into contact with the foamed treatment composition and the applicator nozzle at a rate such that the mechanical contact time (MCT) is less than or equal to the equilibrium contact time (ECT) as indicated by the MCT <ECT consciousness. The nozzle is coated with a predetermined controlled amount of the treatment composition on the surface of the substrate, followed by recovering the treated substrate, wherein the treatment composition comprises 5-75% by weight of a chemical, 0.2-5 A process for treating a woven fabric with foam, comprising a foaming agent in weight percent, 0-5 weight percent wetting agent, and excess water.

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