KR810001485B1 - Crankhaft welded together from individual elements and method of making same - Google Patents

Abstract

Thd dividing line between the components, can be either to give a crank web and two half crank pins, or a half main shaft pin and a half crank pin. Each part is provided with all the necessary lubrication channels before the welding operation. The two adjacent parts are centered with each other by means of drillings, such as the drillings(4) provided in the face-end of the crank pin(3) or the main shaft pin(2) and fitted with centering lugs(5). Before welding the faces are provided with a ring shaped slag groove(7) positioned around the centering lug (5) and between the latter and the groove concentrically a ring-shaped lubricating groove(6) is machined-in, into which all lubricating channels are terminating.

Description

Manufacturing method of assembled joint crankshaft

1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a crankshaft according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

The present invention relates to a crankshaft formed by welding individual parts, wherein each part comprises one crank web and two half crankpins or one half crankpin and one half. Center pins and slag ring grooves are provided on the cross-sections of the half pins or journals, respectively, including the main shaft journals, each of which is provided with all necessary parts prior to welding. Lubrication channels are provided.

The crankshaft thus constructed and manufactured is already known from the German Patent Application Publication Nos. 2, 107 and 130.

In this known crankshaft, one of the two-sided cross sections to be welded to each other of the half ring pin and the main shaft journal has a centering protrusion inserted into the hole of each other cross section.

However, it has been found that different formations of cross sections have an adverse effect during drop operations as well as during forging operations. Slacking grooves are provided in the immediate vicinity of the centering device. Lubrication passages extending from one bearing area through the crankshaft to the other bearing area are formed in each crankshaft part consisting of two parts. On the other hand, a cross section of each part is provided with a centering projection having a centering hole extending in parallel to the axis of the crankshaft and formed at the center thereof.

Further, the passage extends obliquely through the crank web from the centering hole of the adjacent weld joint.

Both passages of electricity meet with each other inside of each crankshaft part to form a lubrication path.

This type of fabrication is expensive because it requires accurate drilling.

Moreover, if each hole is to be long and long, it will be lacking in accuracy, which is very detrimental. On the other hand, it is often necessary to make a complicated lubrication passage since the inclined passage through the crank of the crankshaft cannot be a single passage.

Although this is possible, the holes will be relatively long.

Finally, in the above-mentioned form, the lubrication passage guided to the bearing surface is designed as holes arranged adjacent to the welding surface of only one of the half journals, which holes must intersect with the axial holes. do.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the crankshaft of the type mentioned above, simplifying the fabrication of individual parts as well as their assemblies, thereby reducing the cost, and in particular, making the lubrication passage easier to produce and mass production. It is to make it.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The crankshaft of the present invention is formed by welding each part, each part comprising one crankweb and two half crankpins or one half crankpin and one half main shaft journal, and half pins or Each section of the journal is provided with a centering device and a slack ring groove, each of which is provided with all the lubrication passages required prior to welding.

The foregoing mainly comprises at least one hole in which the centering device is formed centrally in each cross section of the half foot crank pin or main shaft journal, and also includes a centering pin adapted to be inserted into two adjacent holes. It is further characterized in that an annular lubricating oil groove is provided between the slack ring groove and the centering device on one side and on the other side.

The crankshaft of the present invention is further characterized in that all lubrication passages provided in the crank web, as well as radially extending lubricating passages for each bearing face, are guided to or extend from the annular lubricant grooves.

With the design of the centering device, which consists of a centering pin, all parts of the crankshaft have the same shape, so that they can be produced as forging dies, which can be significantly miniaturized when divided in the plane of the crank web. Can be.

By the forging method, a suitable tissue can be formed. This applies to all parts of the crankshaft manufactured together with counterweights, and the desired weight change can be compensated for by the installation of the holes if desired.

Also, the machining of all cross sections is always the same so that no continuous readjustment of the machines is necessary. Aside from the advantages of the cyclic lube grooves being easy to manufacture, the lubrication channel leading from one division to the other through the crank web can be formed in the most suitable area, so the length can be minimized and the required bends Has the important advantage that can be eliminated.

The creation of radial lubrication channels in the welding plane simplifies the fabrication process and furthermore, the advantages of using electron beam welding, as will be explained later, are that the beam can start in the aisle and there is no need to pre-drill holes to a predetermined depth. Is provided.

These lubrication passages partially intersect the slack ring grooves to provide adequate ventilation.

Further, according to the invention, by providing an auxiliary fixing bolt for accurately positioning the crank webs with respect to each other on the outside of the slack ring groove and the annular lubricant groove in the cross sections of each crank pin or main shaft journal in contact with each other, the crank web The precise angular position of can be achieved and there is no need for time consuming alignment of the crankshaft.

The manufacturing method of the crankshaft according to the invention, by symmetrically designing the respective parts, preferably drop forging, processing both the crank pin portion and its cross section, prefabrication of all the half main shaft journals, and all the lubrication channels Perforations, positioning each two half crankpins adjacent to each other and correcting the misalignment, joining the two half crankpins together by electron beam welding and in this case directing the electron beams to the radial lubrication channel. From this, the welding head is rotated once and the electron beam is returned to the lubrication passage to complete the welding. At the same time, the depth of the electron beam to the slack ring groove or the depth of the slack ring groove is slightly exceeded. By welding, machined half main shaft journal and its cross-section, and each half main shaft Position the journals adjacent to each other and correct the misalignment, and join the two half main shaft journals together by electron beam welding, and in this case, direct the electron beams to the radial lubrication channel. After turning the welding head once, the electron beam returns to the lubrication passage to complete the welding, and the welding is performed by adjusting the depth of the electron beam to the slack ring groove or the length slightly over the slack ring groove. The main shaft journal is precisely ground and the end of the radial lubrication passage is mechanically rounded in one working step.

According to this manufacturing method, the end can be mechanically rounded in one working step because the crank pin is processed on the fly, the welding process is carried out in a very short time, and only a short diameter lubrication path is arranged on the outer surface of the crankshaft. . Therefore, the machining of the main shaft journal can be done only after the crank pin is welded, and even slightly but unacceptable length deviation can be avoided.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings will be described an embodiment of the present invention;

1 shows a portion of a crankshaft with crankweb 1 and half or jushaft 2 and half crankpin 3 according to the invention. Each crankweb 1 and two crankpins 3 or one crankpin section 3 and one main shaft journal 2 together are formed in one piece and are preferably forged by dropping.

The main shaft journal section 2 and the crank pin section 3 are provided with a centering hole 4 through which the tooth pin 5 is inserted. An annular lube groove is provided around the center ring pin, one side of which is provided in the crank pin journal 2. The side part is provided in the adjacent crank pin part 3.

The annular lubricating oil groove is surrounded by the annular slack ring groove 7 with a fairly small cross sectional area.

The lubrication passage 8 extends from the annular lubrication groove 6 of the part 2 or 3 to the other pin portion included in the same part, so that the lubrication passage 8 forms the shortest passage between the two annular grooves. Finally, the lubricating toll 9 extends from the annular lubricant groove 6 to each bearing face 10 in the radial direction.

Each of these lubrication tanks 9 is half-milled in the pin portion and intersects with the slack ring grooves to allow ventilation of the slang ring grooves. As shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to install a fixing bolt 11 for accurately setting the angular position between two crank webs on the outer side of the annular slack ring 7. Eccentrically arranging one or more centering bolts is also within the scope of the present invention, but this arrangement cannot be mentioned because it is more complicated and expensive.

Claims (1)

In the method of manufacturing the assembled joint crankshaft, each part consisting of the crank web (1), the half main shaft journal (2) and the half crank pin (3) is forged symmetrically, especially in a forging dies. , Finish the cross sections of the crank pin sections 3 and 2, prefabricate all half main shaft journals 2, drill all lubrication channels, and position each two crank pins adjacent to each other. After correcting the misalignment, the two half crank pins are joined to each other by electron beam welding, and in this case, the electron beam is directed to the radial lubrication passage, and the welding head is rotated once, starting from the electron beam. Return to the lubrication passage to complete the welding and adjust the slack ring groove that is deep enough to reach the slack ring groove. Welding, the half main shaft journal and its cross section are machined completely, each of the two main main shaft journals are placed adjacent to each other and the misalignment is corrected. By joining each other, and in this case, the electron beam is directed to the radial lubrication passage, and the welding head is rotated once from this point, and the electron beam returns to the lubrication passage to finish the welding. Welding is carried out by adjusting the slack ring groove to the depth that extends to the slack ring groove, and precisely grinding the crank pin and the main shaft journal, and radially extending the end of the lubrication passage in each up stage. Method of manufacturing a prefabricated crankshaft, characterized in that the mechanical rounding.

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