KR810000868B1 - Homogenization method - Google Patents

Abstract

A homogenization method particularly applicable to fuel oil containing water and/or coal dust is described. Homogenity is achieved by supplying the substances(35) to be homogenized between cooperating surfaces, one is the internal circumferential surface (32) of homogenization chamber and the other is the external circumferential surface of the coaxial stack of discs (31), by passing the path of rolling of the discs to cause disintegration of phases insoluble in the liq. and by withdrawing the homogeneous liq. from the other end of the chamber beyond the path of rolling movement of the discs.

Description

Homogenization of mixtures of immiscible substances

1 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a device used in the present invention.

2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus of FIG.

3 is a schematic representation of the homogenization mechanism according to the present invention.

4 is an arrangement diagram for producing a homogenizing liquid according to the present invention and supplying it to an internal combustion engine.

5 is a movement path when material moves around a tire circumference of the apparatus used in the method of the present invention.

Figures 6a, b and c schematically show the principle of homogenization of immiscible phases.

Figure 7 is a triangular diagram showing the composition range of ductile and pumpable coal-oil-water mixtures.

The present invention relates generally to a method of homogenizing a mixture of substances which are considered to be immiscible, and more particularly to the preparation of a fluid homogeneous mixture of fuel oil and water or coal.

When oil and water are mixed together and left to stand, oil is generally separated into two layers while forming an upper layer. This is because oil and water are generally insoluble. In contrast, a mixture of acetone and water forms a single phase because the two substances are mutually soluble in some proportion. This phenomenon also occurs when solids are mixed in the liquid. If the solid is coal and the liquid is water, the coal is insoluble in water, resulting in two layers, but if the solid is salt and the liquid is water, a suitable proportion of salt is soluble in water, forming a single phase. In the case of solutions, diffusion occurs uniformly across all components, in the case of two or more liquids, or in the case of one or more liquids and one or more solids, so that the composition of any micropart in the solution is the same as that of the total solution and therefore Eden is called "homogeneous". In contrast, mixtures of mutually insoluble substances are generally not homogeneous because more than one phase is present. Only when the particle or droplet droplets are very small in size they are said to be 'approximately homogeneous' because they are evenly distributed in the other phase (s). However, these approximate homogeneous mixtures that have already been prepared do not have the properties of homogeneous solutions that keep their composition constant. Over time, this dispersion tends to break down and components separate from it. However, if a mixture with a sufficiently small particle or liquid particle is produced, it is retained almost homogeneously by the phenomenon of electrostatic discharge, surface tension, or Brownian motion when the mixture becomes 'approximately homogeneous', thus returning to its original state. It is reasonable to expect not to come. This can only be expected if the size of the liquid particles is about 1 μm (10 ⁻⁶ m).

In the present invention, the mixture and the liquid and solid particles of the dispersed phase is a little large, the mixture is 'homogenized' or 'homogeneous' enough to maintain the homogeneity for a long time even if the viscosity of the resulting mixture is not forever. . As used herein, the term phase refers to the presence of mutually insoluble liquid (s) / liquid (s) or solid (s) / liquid (s).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for homogenizing the mixtures mentioned above. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of grinding a material to be mixed with a liquid to a sufficiently small date size by applying a strong compressive force and a shearing force together with a mixing operation. Therefore, according to the present invention, the material to be homogenized is formed in which the inner circumferential surface of the homogenization chamber forms one surface and the first outer circumferential surface of the coaxial stack of disks having cylindrical or sub-spherical corners forms the other surface. Feeding between the mutually cooperating surfaces, the disks are rotatable about a common axis to rotate around the inner circumferential surface of the seal to form a disk swivel on the inner surface and as the material passes through the homogenization chamber under gravity. In order to disintegrate phases or phases insoluble in the liquid between the disks in the rotational engagement point region and the circumferential surface, the material is passed through a disk slewing furnace, and the homogenizing liquid obtained from the other end of the seal Recovered beyond the rotary motion path and the disk is directed to or from the inner surface of the chamber during the rotary operation. It provides a method of homogenizing mutually insoluble liquids or liquid (s) and solid (s) that are not mechanically obstructed by distant motion and are configured such that the pressure between them and the seal surface is generated only by centrifugal forces.

The method of the present invention is particularly advantageous because the device used in the present invention also allows for a number of other operations that aid in the homogenization of the material. First of all, the mixing of the materials may be supplied to the upper portion of the primary disk either separately or in a pre-mixed state. The resulting crude mixture is subjected to complex homogenization of a disk path consisting of the following 44 kV mechanism;

1. High compressive force between the disk and the circumference of the grinding chamber (hereinafter referred to as a tire).

2. High shear force at the angle of nip between the ear and the tire

3. Acute Stirring in the Waves Across the Disk

4. Dusting of the Homogenized Mixture from the Disc Inside the Tire

The homogeneity achieved by the merging effect of the four mechanisms on the disc is gradually increased by allowing the material to be homogenized to be continuously acted on by the tire until the required degree of homogenization is achieved.

The apparatus used is designed so that a significant amount of the mixture can be processed, either in batch or continuous treatment. This is in contrast to the low volume device used in milk homogenization, where the material to be homogenized is passed through a narrow metal slits. The apparatus used in the present method can be used even when one of the phases is a solid or very viscous liquid because sufficiently high compressive force and shear force destroy or crush them.

The method of the present invention is usually applied to bond liquids and liquids or solids with mutually insoluble liquids. It is especially valuable for supplying fuel oil to ships. Due to the heaviness of the fuel used, the ship's fuel tanks should be cleaned periodically using aqueous media. After cleaning, there is usually some water left in the tank, which flows into the engine and becomes unevenly distributed in the fuel. As a result, the fuel does not burn well and causes engine malfunction. If the device is passed during the delivery of the fuel oil to the ship's engine, this water will be dispersed in the fuel oil and thus no such malfunctions will occur. As long as water is evenly distributed in the fuel, it is often desirable to have a small amount of water in the fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine. Evenly distributed water in the fuel to be supplied to diesel engines or boilers enhances fuel micronization. Furthermore, the presence of water vapor during combustion can lead to gentle combustion enhancement, which reduces emissions of solids and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases.

The process of the present invention is also valuable for producing a homogeneous mixture of fuel and carbon, thereby replacing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel with some solid hydrocarbon fuel, thereby providing a reforming fuel having flow characteristics associated with the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The method of the present invention sufficiently reduces the particle size of the coals added to the liquid hydrocarbon fuel, resulting in a homogeneous dispersion of coal in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel. In view of the life of the known crude oil, when a large amount of new coal mines are found, this provides an easy way to reduce the consumption of liquid hydrocarbon fuels while expanding the coal market.

As far as the production of a homogeneous mixture of oil and coal is concerned, the process of the invention breaks the coal particles into 10-15 μm. This particle size is different from the conventional particle size of conventional unanalyzed coals burned under hydrocarbon fuel addition. Such incomplete combustible mixtures generally contain coal with a particle size of 100-200 μm. Although it is desirable to add as much pulverized coal as possible to the liquid hydrocarbon fuel, if the resulting liquid contains more than 40% by weight coal, the resulting mixture can no longer be pumped, so there is an upper limit on the amount of coal used. Will be. If the oil contains water in the coal ash, the amount of water should be homogeneously distributed in the oil to obtain a flammable fuel, and the maximum amount of water that can be present in the combustible material, ie oil or coal-containing oil, is 30 Weight percent. Generally, the amount of water is about 10% by weight when both the effective minimization of solids formation in the exhaust gas and the optimization of combustion are carried out simultaneously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is attached with reference to better understand and show how the invention is carried out.

With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, this apparatus consists of a rotating assembly supported by the casing 8 shaft 9 in which two main parts, ie, the cylindrical tire 4, are fixed. The shaft 9 is rotated in the bearings 10 and 11 in the casing 8 and the shaft 9 is connected to the drive member (not shown) via the casing 8. Two rotating plates 12 and 13 are fixed to the shaft 9 with a number of disk stacks between them. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the three stacks each contain 20 disks. However, the stack and the number of disks in each stack depend on the size of the casing 8, in particular on the size of the tire 4. The rotor plates 12 and 13 have bearings 14 and 15, respectively, which support the drive shaft 7. Each of the disks 3 has a central hole, through which the disk stacks are formed on the drive shaft 7, and all the disk stacks thus obtained are rotated as shown in FIG. 13) is introduced on the drive rotation axis between. As shown in FIG. 1, the other two disk stacks similarly occur around the drive shafts 5 and 6.

When the driving member is actuated and the shaft 9 is rotated, the rotating plates 12 and 13 fixed to the shaft 9 transmit the driving force to the driving rotary shafts 5, 6, and 7 It is rotated radially from the shaft 9 by centrifugal force until it contacts the cylindrical tire 4. The friction between the disc 3 and the cylindrical tire 4 causes the disc stack to rotate in the direction of the tire as shown by arrow 19 (FIG. 1). When this state is reached, the material to be homogenized is introduced into the casing 8 through the injection tube 20 via a valve on the rotary plate 13. As it rotates, the rotating plate 13 distributes the material evenly around the circumference of the casing and the mixture flows below the surface of the tire 4 by the action of gravity. Flowing from the plate 13 below the surface of the tire 4 exerts a lot of action on the disks of the stack of disks, and consequently the co-mix of the crude mixture until it is acted upon by the lowest disk of each stack. Homogenization is achieved. Since the diameter of the center hole 17 of each disk is larger than the diameter of the drive rotary shaft 7, each disk can operate freely. For example, when a relatively large particle of one phase is introduced into the disc, it moves radially inwards towards the axis 9 as it passes through the particle phase. Repeated passage of the disk over the particles or liquid particles causes them to pulverize rapidly, dispersing the fragments in the continuous phase.

The homogeneous mixture obtained by passing through the bottom rotating plate 12 is discharged through the outlet pipe 21 by the casing 8 is collected at the bottom.

The casing 8 may always contain a large amount of mixture to be homogenized. However, it does not contain a full mixture. Referring now to FIG. 4, a mixture of a certain volume to be homogenized is carried out in accordance with the working volume of the apparatus used to carry out the process of the invention and in particular to obtain a reformed fuel oil which is fed into the homogenization mixture, in particular the internal combustion engine. The arrangement diagram held by the casing 8 is shown. The arrangement of FIG. 4 includes an injection tube 50 for supplying a material to be homogenized to a homogenization device 52 having a shape as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The supply of material is made via the control valve 51. After homogenization, the homogenized mixture is collected in a receiving tank 54 and then discharged through an outlet tube 57 as required. The level controller 55 controls the level of the homogenizing mixture in the tank 54 and is connected to the control valve 51 so that the homogenizing contaminant flows out of the tube 57 and flows into the tank 54. When the level at is lowered, the level controller 55 notices a drop in the liquid level and sends a signal 56 to the actuation control valve 51 to send a flow to the homogenizer 52. The signal 56 sent from the level controller 55 to the control valve 51 can be of any type but is generally pneumatic or electronic. A preferred form of adjustment made by the level controller 55 is proportional adjustment. The proportional adjustment opens the control valve 51 to the extent determined by the liquid level between the high and low levels in the tank 54. The lower the liquid level, the more open the valve. If desired, an automatic high and low level alarm can be installed to shut off all devices if the liquid level exceeds the level in the tank 54 due to a malfunction.

Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the disc 31 is driven by the rotation shaft 33 to rotate the circumference of the tire 32. The disk 31 and the rotating shaft 33 rotate around the axis 34 of the homogenizer and rotate at a speed of wrpm with R being the effective radius from the shaft 34 to the center of gravity of the disk. The radial force F acting on the tire from the shaft 34 is MW ² R (where M is the disc mass). This force F compresses the non-homogenized mixture 35 into a thin film 36 between the disc 31 and the tire and exerts a high shear force in the direction of the narrow angle 37 with respect to the liquid. Particles or liquid particles thicker than the thin film 36 receive almost the compressive force F. The direction of rotation of the disk is as indicated by arrow 38 and as the disk moves around the axis 34 at a rate of wrpm, a wave 39 of un homogenized mixture is created in front of the disk. As indicated by the arrow, the flow of the inner wave 39 is very disturbed, and the liquid is continuously compressed from the narrow angle 37 to achieve excellent mixing.

As the homogenization mixture is squeezed out continuously, a wave 39 is produced which is located in front of the disc in the direction of the arrow 42 from the narrow angle 37. The very disturbing flow pattern present in wave 39 consists of one (or more) large vortices 41 and a few small vortices between narrow angle 37 and vortices 41. The radius of the vortex 41 is about one fifth of the radius of the disk 31 so that when the vortex 41 moves forward of the disk 31, it is five times faster than the disk 31, ie the arrow 38 of the disk 31. If the rotational speed in the direction is wrpm, the rotation speed is 5w.rpm. When the radius of the disk 31 is R1, the centrifugal acceleration caused by the object on the disk circumference is w ₁ ² r ₁ , which is an acceleration of forming the spray 40 on the opposite side of the disk with respect to the wave 41. However, the centrifugal acceleration in the vortex 41 is (5w ₁ ) ² = 5w ₁ ² R ₁ , which is five times greater than the centrifugal acceleration produced by the disk 31.

If a multiphase mixture is present in the vortex 41, the more dense phase moves forward of the vortex circumference, thereby closely adjoining the circumference of the disc 31, which is a small vortex in the narrow angle 37. After that, it becomes a thin film 36 under the disk 31. If the dense phase is a viscous liquid, the high shear forces between the vortices decompose the larger particles into smaller particle sizes until a homogeneous continuous phase. If the viscosity of the liquid is such that the shear force between the vortices is not large enough to break up the large particles, it should be sent into the narrow angle 37. This is because the liquid particles having a relatively large inertia react slowly and rapidly change in the liquid stream to be sent to the narrow angle 37 and compressed under the disk 31. The same mechanism applies to the presence of solids in polyphase liquids, ie solids, which tend to be denser than liquids, collect on the vortex circumference, where adjacent particles slide or hit each other, reducing their size by grinding and gradually narrowing them. And into the thin film 36 under the disk 31. Thus, the vortex in the severely disturbed wave 39 serves to sort large particles of dense phase and dispersed phase into the narrow angle 37 selectively.

Considering that the homogenization mechanism in the wave 39 occurred in an instant, it can be seen simply. In fact, the wave 39 moves forward around the circumference of the tire circumferentially at the speed of wrpm, so when the particle revolves around the circumference of the vortex 41, it is not circular but moves around the hypocycloid as in the fifth. The fastest circumferential change, that is, when it moves the tightest radial bends, will receive the largest circumferential force at point A, for example. When A represents the point on the disk's circumference that is closest to the hypopoid, the particle or liquid point deviating from the vortex 41 on the point A is immediately affected by the viscous toughness by the rotating disk 31. This results in a smaller vortex or goes into the narrow angle 37 and passes under the disk 31. In addition, because the disk 31 is one of the stacks, the non-homogenized mixture forming the wave 39 cannot escape from the narrow angle 37 by raising or lowering the cylindrical tire 32 up. The only passage through which liquid can go is to the thin film 36 into the wave 39 or down the disk in front of the disk.

As described above, when the disc passes through the circumferential point of the tire 32, the multiphase mixture forming the thin film 36 is deviated from the compressive force F, and the part which is also in contact with the surface of the disc is the high rotation of the disc. Because of the speed, it sticks out of the disk and produces a spray as indicated by the six arrows 40. The space between the discs is thus filled with a spray of homogeneous mixture.

The method described so far shows multiple homogenization of one disc in one pass. This is repeated by multiplying the number of disks per stack by the number of disk stacks, resulting in a sufficient homogenization of a total of 60 in the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Therefore, in particular, the four homogenizing actions mentioned above: (I) high compressive force between disc and tire (II) high shear force at narrow angle (III) high agitation in the wave in front of the disc and (IV) device of homogenized mixture from disc Spraying is made around the inside. In addition, when the material to be homogenized rotates on the upper surface of FIG. 13 (FIG. 2), a certain amount of premixing takes place. 2, only one injection tube 20 is shown. However, several such tubes can be combined to introduce several materials into the homogenizer at a constant rate prior to homogenization. A significant amount of premixing occurs when the separated material is dropped on the rotating plate 13, thereby eliminating the need for mixing separately. In addition, pre-mixing is achieved by metering and supplying various materials into the injection tube (20). A high compressive force F is required if the multiphase mixture to be homogenized has a high degree or contains solid particles or very viscous liquid particles. This can be done by using a large and heavy disk because the M value is high in the structural formula MW ² R. Geometrically, however, only three disk stacks are allowed, as in FIGS. 1 and 2. However, if the polyphase liquid does not contain solids or high viscosity components and the viscosity is low, a smaller compact disk that rotates at a larger radius may be used because of the low compression force. In this case it would be possible to supply three or more disk stacks in the apparatus used.

Particularly important in carrying out the method of the present invention is the homogenization of phases in which the mechanisms (I) and (II) are mechanically very viscous in four homogenization mechanisms with different actions. Mechanisms (III) and (IV) are particularly important when handling multiphase liquids in a branch plot and for dispersing the mechanically strong phases pulverized by mechanisms (I) and (II). Most of the energy required for homogenization is consumed when a relatively small volume of polyphase liquid is compressed into the membrane 36 (FIG. 4) by the compressive force F and subjected to high shear forces in the narrow angle 37.

The increase in viscosity as the homogenization proceeds is a hallmark of homogenization of polyphase liquids. The process of homogenization of the two-phase mixture is illustrated by Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings in which each phase is represented by a circle and a triangle, respectively. In Fig. 6a each phase forms two layers and local mixing can occur at their contact surfaces. After being partially homogenized, the two phases are coarsely mixed as shown in FIG. 6b and, when fully homogenized, as in FIG. 6c. The compositions of Figures 6a and 6c are chemically identical but physically different. This is particularly evident when considering the viscosity of the mixture. Viscosity is a measure of the speed of movement of a liquid mixture when a shear force is applied. If the shear force is applied to Fig. 6a as shown by the arrow, the two phases move as a whole by the relative movement force generated along the dotted line A-B in which the phases are in contact with each other. However, if the same shear force is applied to Figure 6C, there is no clear boundary, so relative movement occurs along the stepped dotted line C-D. The dashed line in FIG. 6C is longer than in FIG. 6A, indicating that the viscosity of the homogeneous mixture is higher than that in the unhomogenized state. However, the shear force once applied to the homogeneous mixture causes the liquid to move, and the multiphase homogeneous mixture exhibits non-Newtonian flow characteristics, resulting in a change in viscosity. For example, when a multiphase mixture of oil and water is homogenized, the high viscosity just before the mixture flows drops suddenly as the mixture begins to flow. That is, the mixture becomes thixotropic and the resulting mixture is in a pumpable condition. This is important when drafting reformed fuel compositions for internal combustion engines, especially ship engines.

However, it is not enough that the composition is pumpable. Pumpability is only a problem when coal in oil is incorporated, while the amount of water that may be present is limited by flammability requirements. Finally, Figure 7 shows a triangular diagram of the coal-oil-water mixture. In the figure, point A represents 100% by weight of coal in which no oil and water exist, and point B represents 100% by weight of water and point C represents 100% by weight of oil. Line AC represents a coal-oil mixture that does not contain water, for example, the point G represents 60% oil and 40% coal. Line DE is a line showing the change of coal-oil mixture in the presence of 30% by weight of water. Point H represents a three phase mixture of 40% by weight coal, 30% by weight water and 30% by weight oil.

First, when studying coal and oil mixtures, if the coal is homogenized into oil, the viscosity of the resulting liquid will increase until 40% by weight of coal, i.e. point G, so that the mixture can no longer be pumped. . The same is true if the liquid is not pure oil but oil and water. After all, when fuel is pumped, compositions containing more than 40% by weight coal, i.e. AFG areas, should be ignored. Thus, trapezoidal GFBC remains in the area where the composition is pumpable. However, only mixtures in the Sadieripe ADEC zone can burn because mixtures that are noncombustible and contain more than 30% water, ie the local DBE, cannot burn. The composition where the trapezoidal GFBC and ADEC partially overlap and thus both combustion and pumping are within the parallelogram GHEC, where the X point is a typical composition of 60% oil, 20% coal.

Claims (1)

One side of the homogenized material 35 is formed with the inner circumferential surface 32 of the homogenization chamber 8 and the other side is the first outer circumference of the coaxial stack of disks 31 with cylindrical or sub-spherical corners. Feeding between the cooperating surfaces formed into the surface, the disks are rotatable about the common axis 33 to rotate around the circumferential surface of the homogenization chamber to form a disk rotary path 38 on the inner surface and material Dissolve phases or phases that are insoluble in the liquid between the disks and the circumferential surface within the rotational junction area (36,37,39,40,41) as the material passes through the disk rotary furnace and through the homogenization chamber under gravity. And recovers the homogeneous liquid obtained at the other end of the thread by rotating the disks (21), and the disks are not subjected to mechanical disturbances to the movement toward or away from the inner surface of the thread during the rotational operation. , Pressures between these and the actual surface of the way to homogenize the mutually insoluble liquids or a liquid and a solid that is configured to be only generated only by the centrifugal force.

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