KR800001120B1 - Method for manufacturing glass fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

It shows how to make flow of molten glass stream through flat orifice plates which is adjacently tightened altogether to get proper glass stream, how to draw glass fiber from molten glass of cone type formed from the orifices. It's required to keep the molten glass at the steady conetype by cooling which is quickly transferred in a mass to the orifice zone, to protect from leaking, to make flow along orifice toward the external pary of orifice zone a round the orifice plate and is gathered by projecting the very fast flow of glass against the plate, and to provide the source of gas.

Description

Glass fiber manufacturing method

1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for making glass fibers by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the bushing and orifice plate shown in FIG.

3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1 for showing the bushing and the orifice plate.

In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the production of glass fibers. As fiberglass is used in a wide range of applications, this interest is attracting increasing production of each fiber drawing device. As a method of producing glass fibers, a method of producing molten glass is usually made of individual fibers by passing through an orifice or nozzle in a bushing. However, the apparatus used in such a process is not only difficult to increase the output, but also requires a large amount of platinum, a complex orifice, a high pressure generator, a pressure resistant bushing, etc., and thus is expensive.

An obvious and difficult improvement method for increasing the productivity of the stretching apparatus is that molten glass installs a larger number of orifices for each bushing in which each fiber is formed. Until a few years ago, it was standard to produce 204 fibers in one bushing. However, after considerable research, 2,000 orifices can be installed in one bushing, and more recently, an archetype bushing used with high-pressure molten glass has been developed as a breakthrough in this field. Was installed. Of course, the number of bushings in the drawing device could be increased to increase the output of the device, but this method would increase the volume of the drawing device, complicate the operation of the device, and increase the production terminals, and also increase the number of fibers throughout the entire device. Has its own limitations, such as loss of uniformity. Thus, the practical limiting factor in the production of large quantities of fine fibers in the stretching apparatus is the function and number of orifices in each bushing.

One bushing (10 square inches) used in the present invention described herein may be provided with 102,400 orifices. The glass fiber production capacity is 51.2 times higher than that of the highest standard system currently used, and the production capacity is 17 times higher than that of the arch type bushing described above. Despite such tremendous results, the present invention is very simple in its concept and structure. In the embodiment of the present invention, the simplest bushing containing a minimum amount of platinum, the bottom surface of which is formed substantially flat, and which has a thin and flat orifice plate with a flat hole is used.

인치보다 짧은 경우에는, 용융 유리가 모세관 작용에 의하여 오리피스판의 저면을 따라 흘러가서 인접 오리피스의 섬유와 결합하여 이 섬유를 절단시키는 일이 빈번하게 발생하게 된다. 이러한 유동은 더욱 세력을 넓혀가며 무한정 계속됨으로써, 결국 부싱 전체에서의 유출(流出)을 초래하게 된다. 이때 오리피스판의 저면은 단 1개의 쓸모없는 구형(球形)의 유리로 뒤덮이게 되는 것이다. 한편 습윤각이 55° 이상인 비습윤성 합금 오리피스판의 경우에는 물론 오리피스들을 더욱 근접 배열시킬 수도 있으나, 이때에도 역시 구멍 사이의 간격은 이 구멍을 통과하는 유리 방울의 직경으로 제한된다. 비록 가장 우수한 비습윤성 함금이라 할지라도, 2개의 방울이 서로 맞닿게 되면 이 방울들은 즉시 합하여져서 1개의 커다란 방울을 형성하므로 오리피스판이 습윤되지 않을 수 없다. 이때 이러한 습윤 사이클은 나머지 오리피스들 사이에서도 계속됨으로써, 결국 부싱이 완전히 쓸모없게 되고 만다.Conventionally, a method of forming a flat orifice in a flat and wettable alloy orifice plate has been used, but there is a significant limitation in the degree of proximity between adjacent orifices. The distance between the circumferences of each orifice

If it is shorter than an inch, the molten glass often flows along the bottom of the orifice plate by capillary action to bond with the fibers of adjacent orifices and cut the fibers frequently. This flow expands further and continues indefinitely, resulting in an outflow of the entire bushing. The bottom of the orifice plate is then covered with only one useless spherical glass. On the other hand, in the case of the non-wetting alloy orifice plate having a wetting angle of 55 ° or more, the orifices may be arranged more closely, but the spacing between the holes is also limited by the diameter of the glass droplet passing through the holes. Although the best non-wetting alloy, when two droplets come into contact with each other, the droplets immediately merge together to form one large droplet, which forces the orifice plate to wet. This wetting cycle then continues between the remaining orifices, eventually making the bushing completely useless.

Another method using flat bushings and flat orifices is a method of sending flammable gas to the molten glass and bushings formed in a conical shape. This gas decomposes in contact with the hot glass coming from the bushing to form a carbon coating on the orifice plate and the molten glass. Since glass has low wetting properties on carbon or graphite, the carbon covering the glass droplets can cause the glass droplets to extrude without coalescing with each other. According to this method, since carbon on the molten glass exhibits an effect of reducing production, although the proximity of the orifices increases, the production of the entire process is still limited to a considerable extent due in part to the reduction effect. Moreover, in such a process, such a system is not safe because it is very difficult to effectively separate it once the outflow of molten glass occurs. As another method, there is also a method using a carbon insert arranged equiaxedly around each orifice. However, this method requires more space and requires the use of carbon under inert ambient conditions. These, of course, further increase the production cost of the process, and also because the glass fiber is preferably placed under oxidizing conditions, the surface of the glass fiber is susceptible to damage by inert gas present with carbon. Thus, this method also does not provide a satisfactory solution to the problem of increasing production. U. S. Patent No. 3,573, 014 also describes a method and apparatus for making glass fibers using an arched bushing as described above. In this method, a high pressure of substantially more than a weight pressure is applied to the molten glass to maintain the separation state of the glass and to prevent outflow from the bushing. In order for the bushing to withstand such pressure, the bushing must be made pressure resistant, thus providing pressure resistance as an arch type bushing. In such a method, glass fibers are separated using a so-called shower head effect in which molten glass is passed through an orifice in a bushing at a high pressure to maintain the separation state of each glass fiber. However, in order to implement such a method, high pressure drying and an additional device for making the high pressure drying are required, and thus the type of bushing that can be used in such a process is limited to a specific shape, and thus, There is also a limit on the number of fibers.

To develop a bushing with a large number of orifices to increase the production of glass fibers and at the same time provide an economical system, it is first necessary to separate each of the fibers formed and then to maintain their separation. need. Because glass has a high surface tension, the droplets are usually spherical. It is necessary to apply stress in order to break the glass drop into a fiber-forming cone. As the molten glass passes through the orifice to form a fiber, the base line of the fiber has a form of asymptotic cone for forming a fiber. As long as there is enough stress to maintain the conical geometry, i.e. generate some degree of concavity, the equilibrium between the fiber and the glass source will remain safe. However, without significant control over such fibers, the shape of the access cone cannot be maintained properly.

There are several means for cooling the glass fibers. The most standard is a means for sandwiching one or two rows of orifices in the form of sandwiches by fins on both sides and cooling the fins with liquid or air. As an example of this modification, hundreds of individual air streams are sent to or between each fiber through the holes between the fins or through air conduits with hundreds of needles on the surface. As a result, the base of one fiber or one row of fibers is cooled. These holes may also be drilled to allow the entire air stream to leak into or near the fiber base. In this method, the fiber is traversed down or blown down at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the fiber axis. Another example is described in US Pat. No. 3,695,858, which uses a pair of air jets for each filament formed, ie 20 air jets for 10 filaments. Each air jet is only a few thousandths of an inch away from each fiber and is at an angle of 45 ° upwards and downwards. The nozzle pairs are operated in cooperation with each other to form controlled turbulence to cool one row of widths as many as two tips inside the hood. In this method, the physical positional arrangement of the air reflectors is very important and therefore inevitably complicated.

This method also involves several problems that have been eliminated in the inventive process. That is, the nozzles, shocks, hoods, etc., must be positioned so as to be close to both the bushings and the orifices, and therefore, great care must be taken in positioning them or maintaining them. They also consume considerable energy in cooling the bushing and occupy valuable space on the bushing, thus substantially reducing the number of orifices used. Moreover, these nozzles, whites and hoods should be cleaned frequently as they serve as a container for receiving the concentrate from the molten glass, thereby forming a fly-cut that cuts the fibers and lowers the cooling effect. As a result, this method has the most serious drawback in that only a few rows of orifices can be cooled. When air traverses some orifice rows at an angle of 45 ° or less, the air sent to the next layer, as the air in the first layer or the next layer approaches the orifice plate in a thin film flow and wraps around the orifice plate, Cannot pass through this air film and cannot cool the conical glass. This air is laminated to form a continuous layer, so it thickens easily, so that no cooling effect can be exerted on very short fiber-forming cones. As a result, the air in the cone will cool the fibers in the first row too much and the fibers in the remaining rows will cool less. For this reason, air oriented at an angle of 90 ° -45 ° to the fiber axis is subject to significant limitations in the width of its cooling effect.

It is not difficult to cool the conical shape to form suitable for fiber formation because it can be cooled 360 ° for a single fiber, and even in the case of a fiber row having a width corresponding to 1 to 2 fibers. Whether it's a dog or not is not difficult. However, when thousands of orifices are closely grouped in one flat bushing, substantial cooling problems arise in order to make these thousands of cones the same in succession. If any one of the thousands of cones loses its shape, the wetting force immediately prevails and the molten glass flows into the adjacent cones, thus cutting the fibers drawn from these adjacent cones, and this cutting and wetting cycle By spreading radially further, the whole bushing finally leaks. It is therefore necessary to provide an economical way to increase the production of glass fibers by installing more orifices in the bushing, as well as to create an access geometric cone for fiber formation and to perform temperature control to maintain it.

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved process for producing fibers from hot melt materials.

It is a second object of the present invention to provide an improved method of producing glass fibers.

It is a third object of the present invention to provide an improved method for increasing the productivity of glass fibers from a single device.

It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide an improved method for increasing the productivity of glass fibers from a single bushing.

It is a fifth object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive and economical method of producing glass fibers.

A sixth object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing glass fibers from a high density orifice from a consumer electronics bushing.

It is a seventh object of the present invention to provide a method for producing glass fibers that can exhibit an improved temperature balance over the bushing and the fibers passing through the bushing.

The glass fiber manufacturing method by this invention is as follows.

(1) at least four rows of orifices spaced apart from each other so that the molten glass flows into each other are installed, and each molten glass flow is passed through an orifice plate which is generally flat. The fibers are drawn from conical molten glass formed in each orifice, and (3) a large amount of gas flow moving at a high speed upwards to the orifice section on the orifice plate, thereby a) cooling the conical molten glass to a stable conical shape. And prevents leakage by maintaining each conical separation state, and b) impinges the high flow gas on the orifice plate to remove stagnant gas in the vicinity of the orifice plate, and moves the gas along the orifice toward the outside of the orifice zone. Move in each direction and c) source of gas absorbed downward by the fiber. to provide.

Hereinafter, other features of the present invention will be described.

There are various advantages obtained by the present invention. As a fundamental problem, orifice plates and bushings are simple to manufacture and use much less expensive alloys than the commercial bushings used today. Compared with conventional bushings using tip orifices, the bushings used in the present invention generate less radiant heat and therefore the operator receives less radiant heat. Since less radiation occurs, the present invention uses less electrical energy. Compared with conventional bushings with the same yield, it will be appreciated how particularly advantageous as described above.

Since the orifice has a high density, the present invention increases the yield of the unit area of the orifice plate.

Furthermore, the shorter the orifice, the higher the extraction temperature from the orifice is due to the pumping action of the skin effect due to the cooling of the conical molten glass with air. Higher than conventional orifices. The fibers formed have good uniformity and do not require complicated manufacturing equipment. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary to use a complicated shock, a hood cover, an expensive gas other than the air mixed with a carbon coating gas to form a non-wetting carbon barrier, an arch type pressure bushing, a high pressure generator, and the like. Also, there is no need to use a non-wetting alloy. Furthermore, in the present invention, the simplest cooling means is used. Stable ambient conditions are established for thousands of fibers from a gas (eg, air) source installed relatively far from the lower orifice of the orifice, thereby maintaining the stability of each formed fiber.

In the method of the present invention, although thousands of orifices are arranged closely in one bushing, the size of the bushing compared to the production capacity becomes very small, the bushing used in the practice of the present invention is actually limited in length and width. Without this, the distance between the circumferences of each orifice can be as close as 0.001 inch. On the contrary, in the conventional standard bushings, the economic limit was actually only 2,000 orifices. The method of the present invention that deviates from these limitations not only greatly increases the production capacity but also reduces the production cost as compared to the methods that have been used so far.

In the present invention, the number of strands of fibers drawn from the bushing can also be controlled. The number of strands of fiber required for the end product application can be easily drawn from one orifice zone. In order to produce the final product, it will be necessary to produce strands of 1600, 2000, 3200, 4000, 20000 or more fibers in the bushing. According to the present invention, the roughening step can be omitted.

There is also considerable flexibility in selecting the winding speed according to the present invention, since commercially useful yields (ie, the weight of glass) are achieved by increasing the number of orifices and lowering the winding speed to reduce the probability of the fiber being cut. . It has been found that even with a relatively high winding speed no “snap outs” of large numbers of fibers are cut at the same time. Since the orifice plate is governed by a high-speed flow gas that moves upward along the orifice plate after flowing upward, the atmosphere near the orifice plate (contaminates the fibers containing impurities) and causes the fibers to be cut.) Is pushed around the cone, resulting in a clean cone.

Since the fiber passing through the coating binding agent applying roller is relatively dense, the loss of the binding agent is smaller than in the conventional process, and thus the consumption of the binding agent is also reduced. The frictional action between the fibers prevents the binding agent from being excessively buried in each fiber, thus reducing the amount of treatment liquid that is later removed from the fibers. Reducing the amount of treatment away from the fibers reduces the amount of airborne suspension, which keeps both the device and the workplace clean, providing a better environment for workers. In addition, rapid cooling of the glass reduces the amount of glass volatilized in the ambient environment, and also coolant gas that moves laterally out of the bushing can be removed from the operating portion to keep the operating temperature even lower.

As a result, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a fiber having excellent quality. That is, by rapidly cooling the glass (a ratio of 100: 1 compared to the bushing of the conventional form), reducing the amount of volatilization from the glass, a glass fiber having a composition almost identical to that of the glass in the molten jade is produced. Furthermore, much softer glass fibers can be obtained because the conical glass is substantially cooled even more by cooling by conduction or convection than by cooling by radiation.

The present invention can be carried out using conventional glass melting furnaces as well as conventional auxiliary devices such as bushing heaters, treatment liquid applicators and winding apparatuses. Modifications of the bushings and installation of suitable cooling gas means also enable the present invention to be implemented in current glass fiber actuators.

The present invention is readily implemented using a head of molten glass that is maintained at a depth of about 8-14 inches in a conventional glass melting furnace. Indeed, the invention may be practiced with molten glass tofu of only one inch or less.

To obtain a pressure higher than the pressure provided by the head of the molten glass, an apparatus which is expensive and difficult to maintain is required, but such pressure may be used if necessary. The temperature of the molten glass in the molten bath will clearly vary depending on the type of glass used.

For type E glass, it is a temperature of about 2100 ”-2400 ° F. (1150 ° -1315 ° C.). For each type of glass, the temperature of the glass melting bath in the glass melting furnace is conventionally selected according to conventional standards, which can be easily selected as the art in the art.

The orifice plate used in the present invention can be made of any alloy that can be used under glass fiber forming conditions. This alloy may be wettable or may be non-wettable. Standard platinum alloys of 80% platinum and 20% rhodium or alloys of 90% platinum and rhodium may be used. Platinum alloys (with creep resistance) stabilized with zircon oxide particles may also be used.

The surface of the orifice plate is generally flat. The use of an orifice plate having a small groove on the surface or a smooth unevenness does not adversely affect the practice of the present invention. The flat orifice plate is also bent when heated to form recesses or convexities in the orifice plate, but such curvature can easily be corrected. If necessary, rib or honeycomb structures may be provided on the molten glass side of the bushing to reinforce the orifice plate.

In the case of an orifice with a conventional tip, the gas (eg air) cools the tip to a temperature lower than the internal temperature of the bushing. As the tip cools, the molten glass flowing through the tip also cools and becomes more viscous and thus difficult to flow, so the tip serves as a heat valve to reduce the outflow of the glass. In the practice of the present invention, the metal temperature of the portion adjacent to the orifice should not be lower than the internal temperature of the orifice plate during operation so as not to have a severe adverse effect on the heat valve.

The thickness of the orifice plate should be chosen as a function of the size of the bushing, the strength of the alloy, the size of the orifice, the density of the orifice, and so on. In general, the thickness of the orifice plate need not exceed 0.06 inch, and an orifice plate of 0.04 inch thickness may be most suitably used. The orifice section in the bushing can easily be used with a minimum size of at least about 0.5 inches, and a minimum size of at least about 1 inch is sufficiently practical. Orifice sections may be used having a size of 10 inches by 10 inches. According to the conventional method, the heating means is provided in the orifice plate or the bushing. In general, heating is performed by an electric resistance heater.

The orifice in the orifice plate is generally about 0.1 inches or less in diameter and may be as small as about 0.020 inches in diameter. The arrangement of the orifices is a matter of choice and may be arranged in a square, hexagonal or other suitable form. In order to make the most of the area of the bushing, it is common that the distance between the orifice centers does not exceed about twice the diameter, and the distance between the centers is preferably about 1.25-1.7 times the diameter.

If the orifices are small, the width of the metal portions between adjacent orifices may be reduced to about 0.001 inches. It is clear that the spacing between the orifices depends in part on the thickness of the orifice plate alloy. If necessary, intervals without orifices may be installed periodically to reinforce the bushings. However, care should be taken when installing these gaps to prevent irregular air flow.

The orifice plate used in the practice of the present invention has a width corresponding to at least four rows of orifices, preferably at least about 10-11 rows of orifices, most preferably at least about 15 rows of orifices (ie each In the direction). According to the invention, the orifices in each row are arranged in close proximity to each other and the orifices in each row can be arranged at small intervals such that the molten glass that flows out with respect to the orifices in that row and the orifices in the adjacent rows merges with each other. This is, of course, the opposite of what is currently available. Orifice plates, which are typically considered to be leaking and will not maintain conical separation for actual production at the pressure and temperature of the glass in operation, may also be readily used in the present invention, because of the large amount of gas flow, Because it is maintained. If the orifice plate is covered with an outflow of molten glass and the pressure and temperature of the glass directly above the orifice plate are under normal operating conditions, such orifice plates can be used by practicing the present invention, even if continuous production is not normally possible. In production, at least 90% production efficiency is generally preferred. This degree of efficiency or more can be easily achieved by the present invention.

For practical manufacture, the orifice density is generally at least about 50 orifices per square inch of the orifice zone in the patern, preferably at least about 100 orifices per square inch, most preferably about 200 orifices per square inch. It is good. If the orifices are very small, they may have a density of about 500-1000 orifices per square inch. When the orifice is constant in size, the greater the orifice density, the greater the yield obtained per unit area of the orifice zone.

Although the orifice density is expressed as the number of orifices per square inch, the area of the area actually occupied by the orifice may be less than one square inch.

In this invention, it is especially preferable to use air, and the temperature of this air may be equal to room temperature, or may be heated or cooled. Water vapor, finely dispersed water, or small droplets of other liquids may be added to the air if necessary to increase the cooling capacity of the air. Other gases, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, may be used in combination with air or in place of air. Non-reducing gases or gaseous fluids, ie gases or gaseous fluids which do not form a reducing atmosphere in the conical and orifice plates, are generally preferred. Reducible gases are not preferred, but such gases (such as methane, ethane, etc.) may be used if necessary. At this time, however, it is necessary to use a large amount of expensive gas due to the following essential conditions, that is, the large cross-sectional area of the fast-moving gas surrounding the cone in asymptotic form to prevent spillage. There will be no.

Since the gas is used for cooling purposes, it is preferable to use a gas having a temperature close to or below room temperature (eg, about 100 ° F., ie, about 38 ° C. or lower). However, in the present invention, even if a gas having a higher temperature than this, for example, a gas having a high temperature of about 500 ° F. (about 260 ° C.), as long as the amount of air is increased correspondingly, the present invention is used by using the gas Can achieve the advantages.

For ease of explanation, the term air is used herein. However, the description herein is applied to other gas as it is.

In one method of starting the method of the present invention, the temperature of the orifice plate, which has been maintained at about 1000 ° C from the previous moment of stopping operation, even if gradually starting up, is within the devitrification temperature range of the glass, that is, In the case of E-type glass, the temperature rises to a temperature range of about 1083 ° -1105 ° C. This causes the misleading of the thin glass layer on the inside and top of the orifice plate to rise to this temperature. However, most of the glass inside the bushing, which is maintained at a temperature of about 1150 ° -1315 ° C., is not affected. When a small amount of glass in close proximity to the orifice plate passes through the orifice, the glass passes through the orifice as a separate flow, so that the orifice plate is wet or does not flow out of the orifice plate, even if the orifice plate is made of a wettable alloy. Do not. This rather cooled glass does not act as a pure Newtonian fluid, but has some crystals grown inside it. When the fibers thus formed are fragile, this small amount of devitrified glass can be removed quickly and completely if the temperature of the orifice plate is raised to be higher than the devitrification temperature range of the glass, and at the same time, the air cooling is carefully handled and slowly drawn out. In which case the glass can be handled in a standard manner.

In a somewhat different method of operation to increase the starting speed, the viscosity of the glass formed by raising the temperature of the glass proximate to the orifice plate by raising the temperature of the orifice plate itself decreases, which causes the glass to melt in the bushing. Under pressure, it begins to pass through the orifice in the bushing or orifice plate rapidly. The bottom of the orifice plate begins to run out due to the wettability of the glass and the compactness of the orifice.

At the same time that the amount of spilled glass reaches a weight sufficient to provide the initial fibrillation force, the flow rate of the glass through the orifice must be reduced, otherwise the separation will not be possible. .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow amount can be adjusted by controlling the temperature of the orifice plate.

In another embodiment of the present invention, while maintaining a constant current to the orifice plate while advancing the normal flow of air to the orifice plate to reduce the temperature of the orifice plate to reduce the flow of glass through the orifice plate, thereby To achieve a separation state. Once the separation state is achieved, the airflow is reduced to raise the temperature of the orifice plate and perform the function as described above.

When glass droplets pass through the orifice and flow out of the lower part of the orifice plate, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the orifice plate to or near the throw-away temperature of the glass, whereby the orifice plate serves as a heat valve for the molten glass. do. By lowering the temperature by 50 ° -150 ° C., the flow of the glass through the orifice is actually stopped, and the outflowing glass flows from the bottom of the orifice plate or is drawn into individual glass fibers. When the glass is gradually pulled out, a separation state occurs, and one cone is formed in each orifice, and one fiber is drawn from each cone. As another method of releasing the flow, there is a method of bringing out a drop of glass into contact with a glass rod or the like and then slowly removing the rod from the orifice plate. The condensed spilled glass droplets are welded to the rods due to the heat of the molten glass, so that when the rods are pulled out, the massive droplets that flow out can be formed of individual fibers drawn from several orifices.

The initial spinning speed is generally about 0.5 inches per second to prevent the lack of glass needed for fiber formation and to slowly draw the glass on the surface without accidentally cutting it into the larger mainstream required for fiberization. Should be enough. The drawing is continued carefully at this low speed until the outflow at the bottom of the orifice plate is extinguished and the separation is achieved.

When cleaning the orifice plate a considerable resistance was experienced by the glass showing a tendency to adhere to the orifice plate. Because the tensile strength and self-wetting energy of the glass is greater than the wetting energy of the orifice plate by the glass, the dynamic glass draws almost all the static surface glass on the orifice plate into its moving column. Thus, on the orifice plate it is almost completely cleaned except for a glass layer that is only about 0.001 inches thick. If the drawing operation continues carefully and slowly without interruption, each orifice on the orifice plate is no longer present with surface glass on the orifice plate, and when the glass drawn through each orifice is the final and only source of fiber. From the very thin fibers are pulled out. At this moment, it is necessary to heat the orifice plate slightly to increase the flow of glass through the orifice, thereby preventing the breakage of the fiber due to the lack of glass necessary for fiber formation. As the heat inlet side gradually undergoes heating to change and limit the flow of glass from each orifice, the glass fibers drawn from each orifice can be wound around a collet rotating at a very low speed. do. The rotational speed of the collet and the temperature of the orifice plate controlling the flow rate through the orifice plate can be increased gradually at the same time, while the maximum drawing speed at the highest temperature is achieved by the pressure of air cooling (which will be described later). Until it is reduced harmoniously.

Carefully adjust and adjust the temperature of the orifice plate, the speed of the cooling air, and the stretching rate to increase the production rate from the initial start-up of the manufacturing apparatus where the fibers are drawn at a rate of about 0.5 inches per second to the desired fiberization rate. . As long as the cone formed at the bottom of each orifice remains asymptotic, the glass will wet itself more easily than wetting the wettable orifice plate, so that the glass will flow along the orifice plate and try to drain the orifice plate. Contrary to their tendency, the flow continues and is drawn through the orifice to form glass fibers. The molten glass passing through the orifice is continuously formed of fibers so that no outflow occurs. In a simple practice of the present invention, these cones can be observed while manually controlling the parameters by placing a microscope with a magnification of about 7-20 times near the bottom of the orifice plate. By continually observing the cone, the operator can carefully observe the relationship between the stretching temperature and the increase in the stretching speed while visually controlling the air velocity to maintain the asymptotic shape of the fiber forming cone. Of course, after a considerable repetition of the test, these correlations can be computerized to significantly save adjustment time and increase the output of each drawing unit, but for experienced operators, the orifice plate can be stabilized as quickly as possible. That is, within about 30 seconds or less, the complete fiberization rate may be reached. Generally speaking, by properly maintaining the above-mentioned recesses present in the formed cone, the fiberization rate can be increased to the limit of stress on the winding or other accumulator. As the glass passes through the orifice during operation, it is subject to stress due to fibrosis, which has its base secured to the periphery of the orifice by surface tension, wet energy of the glass, and partial vacuum inside the cone. It is resisted by the viscous resistance of the glass passing through the cone. Due to this dynamic adsorption stress, more glass is drawn through the orifice than is flowed only by gravity, and there is a continuous glass flow in the filament direction to prevent outflow.

As will be described below, in order to maintain the asymptotic linear shape of the fiber-forming cone to maintain the separation state of each fiber, the correlation between the stretching speed, the temperature of the orifice plate, and the flow amount in each orifice, of course, It is necessary to cool the fibers and the fiber forming cones in fact the same. In order to cool each fiber and cone evenly, an air source should be located at the bottom of the orifice plate. The distance between the orifice plate and the air source depends on the area of the orifice and the size of the air nozzle. This distance is typically between 1-20 inches, and between 2-4 inches for the particular size of nozzles described below. The air is preferably moved upwards from a distance of about 2-12 inches from the bushing. If the orifice area is larger than this, the source of upwardly moving air is located at least about 4 inches away from the orifice plate so that airflow can impinge on the entire orifice area.

The upwardly moving cooling air stream flows between the individual fibers and reaches each of the hundreds or thousands of cones. Air may not seem to move properly between them because an enormous number of fibers are drawn from the orifice, but surprisingly much larger than the area occupied by the fibers because the cross-sectional area of the air is 40,000 times larger than that of the glass. This is to be provided. For example, for a 3 × 10 inch bushing using a C-type glass filament with a cross section of 2.54 × 10 ⁻⁸ square inches, 30,000 orifices (0,020 inches in diameter, 0.032 inches between centers) can be installed. This means that the entire 30,000 fibers occupy an area of 7.6 × 10 ^-4 square inches, which leaves most of the space in the 30 square inches of space so that air moves upwards into the spaces between the fibers. The cone can be reached. Although the area occupied by the fiber is very small, the filament moves at a high speed, entrains the air, and acts like an air pump. However, in the first 1 inch of the orifice, due to the surface resistivity of the fiber, the vortex of the active air does not accelerate to the speed at which the entrained pump can operate effectively. However, the pumping effect increases rapidly as the fibers get closer to each other and the air acts along the boundary layer of the faster velocity roll fibers. Thus, such a pumping action, which has started to appear suddenly, feels very difficult to cool the fiber forming cone. However, as soon as air proceeds upwards between the fibers, the air sucked into the fibers stops, thus allowing the cooling air to move upwards through the fibers to the orifice plate with little resistance through the substantially stopped air. . Despite this fact, however, the air very close to the fiber boundary layer between the bushing and the air nozzle can be fully operated downwards, so that the fast moving upward air is directed inward or downward of the fast moving fiber direction with reversed direction. Will flow. The air is increased in velocity in the conical area by having an umbrella-like shape, which is a trumpet-shaped air pipe that falls in the handle, and falls 360 ° around the fiber-forming cone. Cool from base to fixation to the apex of the fiber. As the turbulent flow of the rising air reaches the space between the orifices, the turbulence splits into a hexagonal star, with the point of motion of the turbulent flow towards the space between the fibers, while the rest is perfectly harmonized. This allows the fiber forming cone to cool over 360 °. This cooling air reverses downward and is accelerated as it moves around the conical convex and the fiber over the entire length, leading to a high pumping area along the filament. do. The rising cooling air is continuously mixed with the hot turbulent air in the vortex due to the surface effect surrounding the lowering fiber, thus achieving a uniform and stable atmosphere over the entire length of the formed fiber. Through such cooling, hundreds or thousands of fibrous conical asymptotic shapes are continuously maintained, thereby significantly increasing the fiber production from relatively small orifice plates.

The upwardly moving air not only cools the conical surface and supplies air descending along the fibers, but also a stagnant air zone is formed on the lower surface of the bushing to form a local high temperature portion, thereby preventing the occurrence of outflow. Role. Massive upward air movement impinges on the lower surface of the bushing and moves a portion of the air outwardly in all directions from the orifice section. Large-scale cooling with large amounts of air moving upwards establishes and maintains conical and fibrous separation.

As a phenomenon opposite to the conventional bushing having a tip, it has been found that thicker fibers can be obtained by increasing the cooling by air when the winding speed and the temperature of the orifice plate are constant. It is clear that surface cooling of the cone results in pumping as the fibers are drawn from this cone. From this point of view, it is necessary to note that the cooling is accomplished by rapid plate conduction, so that the surface of the fiber-forming cone is cooler than the inside thereof. In the conventional method using heat, cooling was mainly done by radiation, so the inside of the transparent cone tended to have a temperature almost equal to its surface temperature.

배를 넘지 않으며, 어떠한 경우에도 일반적으로 약

인치를 넘지 않는다. 바람직한 작동중에 원추형의 길이는 오리피스 직경의 약

배를 넘지 않는 것이다. 많은 경우에 있어서, 원추형의 냉각된 표면에 기인하는 펌프작용은 원추형의 기부를 부싱내 오리피스 쪽으로 다소 줄어들어 올라가게 한다. 원추형의 선단에서의 유리의 온도는 유리의 어닐링(annealing)온도와 대략 비슷하며, 일반적으로는 약 1400℉(760℃)내지 약 1700℉(927℃)이다.During proper operation, the length of the cone is apparently stable, and the cone length is very short. That is, the cone length is usually about the orifice diameter

Not more than double, and in general in most cases

Do not exceed inches. During preferred operation the length of the cone is approximately equal to the orifice diameter.

It is not more than a ship. In many cases, the pumping action due to the conical cooled surface causes the conical base to shrink slightly towards the orifice in the bushing. The temperature of the glass at the conical tip is roughly comparable to the annealing temperature of the glass, and is generally about 1400 ° F. (760 ° C.) to about 1700 ° F. (927 ° C.).

The flow angle of air is somewhat dependent on the density of the orifice and the number of orifice rows. In general, placing the airflow as vertically as possible to match the need to stretch the fibers will provide the most adequate control of the process. In the case of very precise control, air can be advanced upward at an angle of about 40 ° from the horizontal plane. The results of testing with an orifice plate with 17 rows of orifices and an orifice with 10 rows of orifices show that at least about 45 degrees from the horizontal plane. It has been found that practical control can be achieved in operation only by flowing air at an angle of ° or 46 °, preferably at least about 60 ° from the horizontal plane. When the number of orifice rows is small, the importance of the air flow angle is somewhat reduced. Particularly preferred is an angle of about 70-85 °. The term horizontal plane is used herein to mean the plane where the orifice plate is located.

In the practice of the present invention, any device may be used as long as it can generate a large amount of airflow impinging on the orifice plate (i.e., generally a single upward moving air column for the conical and orifice plates). Multiple nozzles may be used, or one nozzle with one slit. Alternatively, a deflector may be used to divert the air to an upward path. The upwardly moving air is most satisfactory and preferred to be introduced from one side of the orifice plate, but may be introduced from two or more directions of the bushing if necessary. The cross-sectional area of the air flow in the orifice plate must be at least equal to the area of the orifice zone in the orifice plate. The fibers may be stretched with a slight inclination to one side in consideration of the arrangement of the air blower. The same effect can be obtained by stretching the fibers vertically and slightly tilting the adrenal glands.

The pressure of the air to be used can be easily determined according to conventional standards, and 5 psig (0.35 kg / cm ² ) or 10 psig (0.70 kg) from a pressure of 5 inches (51 mm) of water column depending on the size of the nozzle, the position of the nozzle, and the like. / cm ² ) or more. Especially for bushings having 10 rows or more of orifices, a pressure of about 1 psig (0.07 kg / cm ² ) to 5 psig (0.35 kg / cm ² ) is preferred. The linear velocity of air exiting the nozzle is generally at least about 100 ft / sec, preferably at least about 200 ft / sec. In the present invention, air having a speed of about 400 ft / sec, or air having a speed higher than that can be easily used. As mentioned above, the speed or pressure selected depends in part on the particular arrangement selected. In any case, the air flow should be sufficient to cool the cone to provide a stable separation of the cone, and to substantially remove the stagnant air impinging on the orifice plate and adjoin the orifice plate and also be absorbed down by the fiber. Should be sufficient to provide a source of It goes without saying that the cooling should not be so strong that it adversely affects the fabrication.

While the method described above shows a preferred embodiment for stabilizing a cone, there is another method for performing mass cooling with a series of thin cooling air layers that proceed progressively faster across the orifice plate. This cooling air layer is placed at an angle of 46 ° -90 ° to the surface of the orifice plate to remove stagnant air from the orifice plate in the same way as a broom sweep. By controlling the speed and frequency of cleaning with the cooling air layer and the speed of the air, an ideal average temperature can be maintained throughout the fiber and the fiber forming cone. This cooling air layer is produced using an air nozzle with one or more orifice slits, and the continuous rotation of this nozzle at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the fiber side results in the effect of the cooling air layer as described above.

Another cooling method is the intermittent use of a series of controlled annular vortices which move over the bushing surface approximately perpendicular to the bushing surface. The inner angular momentum has a large and slowly moving donut-shaped air that continuously exchanges heated air from the orifice plate and sucks it into the annular vortex to clean the surface of the orifice plate. Replace air. If repeated at very short intervals with this annular air vortex, the desired average temperature resulting from this effect will be maintained over the entire length of the fiber and cone being formed. Likewise, a spiral air flow may be used in which vortices similar to those generated by fan blades are adapted to rotate in the same plane as the orifice plate. This spiral cooling vortex acts to sweep out the hotter stagnant air remaining on the bushing surface. In each of these methods, the air travels in the opposite direction parallel to the direction of motion of the fiber, so that the air can pass between the fibers without being resisted and can utilize the pumping action generated by the formed fiber. . The initial pump action generated by the fiber moving at high speed is easily overpowered, and the cooling air reaches each cone through a large open space to keep the cone in a desired shape.

Since the orifices are closely aligned with each other and the cone remains stable, these outflows can be corrected on their own even if a local outflow occurs during operation. If any fiber is cut so that the outflow from this orifice reaches the adjacent fiber, greater fibrous force is exerted on the outflow glass joined with the adjacent fiber, thus conicing the cone and forming the fiber from the outflow orifice. If necessary, it is also possible to correct the outflow and resume normal operation, as is known (eg by applying local cooling air by means of a manual air supply nozzle to a plurality of solidified fibers).

Cones around the orifice zone may become somewhat unstable. This is because heat loss occurs at the exposed end of the bushing, resulting in a relatively low temperature between the orifice plate and the glass. In this case, the stability can be improved by making the orifices in the surroundings slightly larger than the inner orifices (eg, about 0.001-0.003 inches in diameter). This adjustment allows for more stable operation without compromising the uniformity of fiber thickness. The glass flowing through the surrounding orifice is difficult to pass through the orifice because the temperature as well as the surface as a whole is low, thus making the orifice slightly larger can compensate for the reduced fluidity of the glass.

정도인 것이 바람직하며, 부싱판 두께의 약

정도의 깊이를 갖는 것이 좋다. 또한 외측의 오리피스는 내측의 오리피스보다 더욱 유출되기 쉽기 때문에 외측의 오리피스에만 모세관 홈을 설치하여도 좋다. 유출의 시작과 자체 수정과의 관계에서 살펴볼 때, 습윤성이 큰 합금으로 만든 부싱은 소위 비습윤성 합금으로 만든 부싱보다 더욱 바람직하다. 물론 유리가 완전히 액체로 될 정도로 유리의 온도가 충분히 높은 경우에는 어떤 합금을 사용하던지간에 유출이 발생한다.In order to allow the molten glass from the orifice to flow out in a controllable form upon fiber cutting, in one embodiment of the present invention a capillary groove was provided between the orifices. By installing such capillary grooves the orifice plate acts as if it has complete wettability that can be controlled. Since only a very small amount of glass exiting the orifice will contact the first adjacent fiber, the accelerating load will increase slowly, and as the entire fiber draws more glass from the capillary flaws, the cross-sectional area of the fiber itself increases and becomes stronger. Finally, one coarse fiber is fed from the two orifices. The method for separating such one coarse fiber into two fibers is described separately. In this embodiment, each orifice is connected to at least two adjacent orifices, so that even if cut into one strand of fiber, the amount of glass flowing into the adjacent orifices is actually controlled. The width of the capillary groove may be equal to the width of the orifice, but about the diameter of the orifice

It is preferably about the thickness of the bushing plate thickness

It is good to have a depth of degree. In addition, since the outer orifice is more likely to flow out than the inner orifice, a capillary groove may be provided only in the outer orifice. In view of the relationship between the start of the runoff and the self-correction, bushings made of highly wettable alloys are more preferable than so-called bushes made of non-wetting alloys. Of course, if the temperature of the glass is high enough so that the glass becomes completely liquid, the spill will occur no matter what alloy is used.

The cooled fibers are coated or covered with a binding agent by a binding agent applying roller or the like and wound up in a package. The drawing speed or winding speed of the fibers can vary widely, for example about 100 ft / min-13,000 ft / min or more. Determination of the winding speed and the fiberizing power under any given conditions can be done by this known technique. In the conventional process, the winding speed is about 5,000 ft / min or more, and this speed can be adopted as it is in the present invention. Lowering the tensile rate of the fibers allows the production of the fibers to match the usage of the final product, thus directing the fibers or strands to the final production sector. Considering the density of the orifices, such a process will be within the range that can be sufficiently performed. The binding agent, the binding agent applying device, and the winding device are well known in the art, and thus, further description thereof will be omitted.

According to the method of the present invention, glass fibers having excellent quality can be produced. As a basic concept, the very rapid cooling of the molten glass under the orifice reduces the loss of volatiles from the glass, so that the glass composition of the fibers is almost consistent with the composition of the glass in the molten glass bath. Moreover, according to this invention, a strong fiber can be manufactured. Due to the rapid cooling due to the air flowing inward, the surface of the glass cools more rapidly than the interior thereof, and above the annealing temperature, the temperature gradient becomes larger than below the annealing temperature. As a result, the surface of the final fiber is subjected to compression. In the conventional process with long tips, the opposite is true. That is, according to the conventional process, the temperature gradient below the annealing temperature became larger than that above. In the conventional process, a so-called snap-out phenomenon frequently occurs in which fibers are cut at almost the same time at temperatures below the annealing temperature. Snap out phenomenon has been known to occur due to temporary tension in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. However, the snap out phenomenon does not occur according to the method of the present invention, which is theoretically natural.

In the practice of the present invention, although a conventional glass melting furnace and an auxiliary device may be used as it is, a special apparatus capable of maintaining the molten glass tofu regardless of the height of the molten glass bath is shown in the accompanying drawings. This will be described in more detail as follows.

1 shows a manufacturing apparatus 10 for producing glass fibers 12. As shown, the head of the molten glass 14 is retained in the bushing 16. The bushing consists of a tubular reservoir 18 and an enlarged base 20, which may take any form, such as square, rectangular or cylindrical, and the lower end of the base 20 is equilibrated. It is in contact with the orifice plate 22. In this orifice 22 a number of flat holes, ie orifices 24, are arranged closely. For example, for a 2.7 square inch orifice plate with 2000 orifices, the orifice is 0.04 inches in diameter and the distance between the centers is 0.06 inches. The length of the orifice in the orifice plate typically varies within a range of 0.03-0.06 inches, and is a T-shaped reinforcing rod 26 or honeycomb structure (not shown) to increase the strength of the orifice plate and prevent the orifice plate from sagging. ) Can also be installed on the orifice plate. It is of course also possible to use a generally flat orifice plate with no reinforcing means installed.

A valve 28 which connects the inside of the bushing with the molten glass source 30 may be provided at the top of the bushing 16 to change the thickness of the fiber. This is because when the head of the molten glass becomes high, a rather thick filament tends to be formed. By opening and closing the valve 28, the glass can enter the reservoir 18 of the bushing 16 from the molten glass source 30, whereby the head of the molten glass can be preferably maintained inside the bushing. Of course, it is also possible to adjust the fiber pulling speed, the cooling air and the temperature of the orifice plate to obtain a stable fiber. In order to easily adjust the head of the molten glass in the bushing, a thin platinum tube 32 extends upward from the inside of the bushing and is connected to the acoustic depth meter 34 through the valve 28. The acoustic depth meter 34 is connected to the valve regulator 36, which receives the signal from the acoustic depth meter 34 and moves the valve 28 up and down on the bushing. The molten glass can pass through the valve.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the valve 28 is in threaded contact with the valve adjuster 36 by means of a threaded rod 37. When the screw rod 37 is rotated, the valve moves vertically with respect to the valve seat 39, whereby the flow amount of the glass flowing into the bushing 16 can be adjusted. In this way, the head of the glass can be held continuously in the bushing while the glass fibers are drawn from the orifice 24 in the orifice plate 22.

In most applications, since the control of the glass head is unnecessary, a bushing of the same type as that of the conventional form may be used. It can be inserted into the standard foreheart position. This form is well known in the art, and further description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1, the busbar 38 made of platinum connects a power source of about 3 volts and 1000 amps to the orifice plate, thus increasing the temperature of the orifice plate. If a water-cooled copper busbar 40 is provided on the platinum busbar 38 and the platinum busbar 38 and a power source are connected to each other, the cost of the platinum busbar can be shortened. Cooling the copper busbar 40 with water reduces the temperature of the contact point between the two busbars and thus protects the copper. Placing the copper bus bar 40 at least about 1.5 inches apart from the orifice plate can minimize the length of the platinum bus bar while minimizing the effect on the temperature of the orifice plate. By controlling the current through the regulator, the temperature of the orifice plate can be precisely controlled. As another method for the orifice plate heating method as described above, there may be a method of adjusting the temperature of the orifice plate by heating by induced current instead of using the bus bars. In general, the temperature of the orifice plate is about 2050 ° F-2300 ° F (1120 ° C-1260 ° C) during operation.

The upward air 49 flows through the nozzle 44 through the nozzle 45 located at the end of the supply hose 47. It is of course also possible to use a row of nozzles to form a substantially single air column that strikes the orifice plate and cools the cone, thereby maintaining the cone in a stable form. The fiberizing action is achieved by rotating the drum 42.

In addition to the orifice plate, fiber and conical temperature adjustment controls as described above, additional thermal insulation is provided to prevent temperature loss from the system so as not to affect the viscosity of the molten glass and further to the glass fiber formation. And a heating device. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the base of the bushing is surrounded by a support 46 made of ceramic, which not only serves to support the bushing, but also supports the orifice plate. It insulates the outer circumference of adjacent bushings. The ceramic support 46 and the tubular reservoir 18 of the bushing are surrounded by a layer of insulating material 48 that extends between the platinum and copper busbars and the molten glass source. The insulating material 48 extends just in front of the wall of the bushing to form an annular portion 50 around the reservoir of the bushing, in which the heating coil 52 is positioned to pass through the insulating material. It compensates for heat loss due to conduction. The heating coil 52 is connected to the thermocouple 53 to control the current passing therethrough, and to adjust the heat compensation generated thereby. Another layer of insulating material 54 is located on the molten glass source 30 at appropriate intervals from the molten glass source, thus forming an insulating space 56 as shown in FIG. Of course, the technical content as described above is merely illustrative of the insulating material and the auxiliary heating device, it goes without saying that it is also possible to adopt a modified heating device to properly maintain the required temperature. For example, to compensate for heat loss from the bushing due to conduction, the bushing can be used as an element in an independent circuit and heated by the heat of its resistance. In this embodiment, a 400 cycle generator was found to be the best as a power source.

As a last description, a protector 58 as shown in FIG. 1 is installed in the apparatus to protect each fiber with a material in the form of a standard lubricant such as starch, thereby reducing wear between adjacents and subsequently. It assists the wetting of the resin for lamination. In order to reduce the consumption of the protective agent, a roll type protector may be used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through examples. This embodiment is intended to further illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

In this example, a conventional tipless bushing made flat with a 0.040 inch thick platinum alloy (80% platinum, 20% rhodium) was used. An orifice of 0.052 inches in diameter was placed in a flat bushing in a hexagonal shape with a distance of 0.070 inches between centers. The rectangular orifice section in the bushing was about 1.25 inches wide and about 2.85 inches long, with alternating 17 and 18 rows of orifices. Each row had about 46 orifices.

The E-type glass was melted in a conventional glass melting furnace to form a glass melt bath having a depth of about 10 inches and a temperature of about 2300 ° F. (1260 ° C.), and glass fibers were prepared using the orifice plate. A heater was installed on the orifice plate to maintain the temperature of the orifice plate at about 2100 ° F. (about 1150 ° C.). Standard protection was done to the fibers using a roll, with the winding speed of the fibers being about 3000 ft / min.

인치)을 통하여 공기를 수직 방향으로부터 약 15°의 각도로 오리피스 구역의 긴 방향으로부터 상향으로 진행시켰다. 이때 공기압은 3-5psig(0.21-0.35kg/cm²)의 범위로 하였다.In order to maintain the separation of the fibers, six nozzles arranged in a row on one side of the orifice section at a position about 5 inches below the orifice plate (diameter:

Air was advanced upwards from the long direction of the orifice zone at an angle of about 15 ° from the vertical direction. At this time, the air pressure was in the range of 3-5 psig (0.21-0.35 kg / cm ² ).

The fibers were drawn well in a stable operating state and the filament separation was maintained.

The orifice plate was slightly curved during use, resulting in both recesses and convexities. This bending of the orifice plate did not interfere with the production of the fibers.

Example 2

이하로 하였다. 모든 경우에 E형 유리를 사용하였다.To illustrate the advantages of the present invention, the performance of the orifice of Example 1 was compared with the performance of two conventional tip-type bushings (indicated by A and B) using white cooling. In each case the overall area of the bushing face was the same, but the orifice area in the bushing of Example 1

It was set as follows. In all cases E-type glass was used.

From the table, it can be seen that according to the present invention, the output per unit area of the bushing becomes larger than that of the conventional method. In addition, according to the present invention, the yield per orifice area is also increased as compared with the conventional method. Assuming that orifices with the same cross-sectional size were used to clearly show the magnitude of these differences, the bushing of Example 1 would produce 3527 strands of fiber at an output of 2851 b / hr.

Example 3

인치였으며, 길이가 약

인치였다. 주변의 오리피스는 직경이 0.049인치였으며, 나머지 오리피스의 직경은 0.047인치였다.In this example, a bushing made flat with a 0.060 inch thick platinum alloy (90% platinum, 20% rhodium) was used. In this flat bushing, 1670 orifices were installed in a hexagonal shape with a center-to-center distance of 0.070 inches. The rectangular orifice area in the bushing is wide

It was inches and was about

It was inches. The surrounding orifice was 0.049 inches in diameter and the rest of the orifices were 0.047 inches in diameter.

The E-type glass was melted in a conventional glass melting furnace to form a glass melt bath having a depth of about 10 inches and a temperature of about 2300 ° F. (1260 ° C.), and glass fibers were prepared using the orifice plate. A heater was installed on the orifice plate to maintain the temperature of the orifice plate at about 2240 ° F. (about 1230 ° C.). Standard protection was done to the fibers using a roll, with a winding speed of about 2500 ft / min.

인치)을 통하여 공기를 수직방향으로부터 20°의 각도로 오리피스 구역의 긴 방향으로부터 상향으로 진행시켰다. 이때 공기압은 3-5psig(0.21-0.35kg.cm²)의 범위로 하였다.To maintain the separation of the fibers, 12 nozzles (diameters) arranged in a row on one side of the orifice section at a position about 5 inches below the orifice plate.

Air was advanced upwards from the long direction of the orifice zone at an angle of 20 ° from the vertical direction. At this time, the air pressure was in the range of 3-5 psig (0.21-0.35 kg. Cm ² ).

The fibers were drawn well in a stable operating state and the filament separation was maintained. The surrounding cone was very stable.

Claims (1)

As described above in the text, individual molten glass flows are passed through a flat orifice plate in which a plurality of orifices are closely formed to each other such that the spilled molten glass joins each other: conical melting formed in each of the orifices. Stretching fibers from glass: A large amount of gas flow moving at a high speed upwards to the orifice zone on the orifice plate, cooling the conical molten glass to maintain a stable cone and maintaining the separate state of each cone The high flow gas is impinged on the orifice plate to remove stagnant gas near the orifice plate, and the gas is moved in each direction along the orifice toward the outside of the orifice zone and absorbed downward by the fibers. Consisting of providing a source of gas Glass fiber production method as set.

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