KR790001303B1 - A-method of making a hemostatic surgical felt - Google Patents

Abstract

Fibers of 0.5-12D were extruded from a solution contg. a hydrophilic synthetic polymer, e.g., polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poly(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) and cut into>=0.25 inch length. The hemostatic surgical felt was prepared by ununiformly laminating the fiber, pressing the felted structure, and passing it through air contg. ethylene oxide.

Description

Method for manufacturing surgical felt hemostatic agent

Problems with the appearance during surgery or after trauma are the cause of complications.

Various techniques have been used to regulate blood flow. In other words, various methods such as the use of barbarian hot tar, the use of sutures and bands for ligation of the front door, the use of cautery for burns, and the use of special fasteners for special surgery are adopted. Came. Various forms of dressing have been used to condense or regulate the flow of blood.

In addition, various types of adsorptive elements capable of contacting the burned area, such as expanded gelatin or knitted oxidized regenerated cellulose, have also been proposed. The history of surgery suggests several substances used to control their appearance.

In general, specific hemostatic agents that can be coveted have been recognized, but new and improved hemostatic agents are required. Tissue fibers of absorbent synthetic polymers are also known. In particular the use of polyglycolic acid is known in the prior art.

Schmidt and Polystina have patented a polyhydroxyacetic ester absorbent suture in the United States under the name "surgical suture". The material is nicknamed polyglycolic acid and it is reported that small amounts of comonomers such as d-lactic acid, its photochemically effective form, homologues and analogs. Substances with less than 15% comonomers have been patented in the US under the heading "Preparation of high molecular weight polyhydroxy-acetic esters." Schmidt and Polystina were used for surgical use of polyglycolic acid in 1969. In the presentation of several predicates are defined.

생성물 역시 공지되어 있다.The use of gauze, felt and knitted fibers is very convenient as a traumatic dressing. Collagen enzymes such as sponges and pads

Products are also known.

Commercially, oxidized regenerated cellulose is useful as a hemostatic agent. Gelatin foam products are also used in the form of plates. Both of these tissues are absorbent. Under some conditions, gelatin foams cause bile.

When using, squeeze in brine and squeeze again, squeeze in brine, squeeze and soften before use. When foam gelatin comes into contact with the skin's blood, it tends to swell slightly and become bulky. It cannot be absorbed through the foam pores. Oxidized cellulose has properties similar to gelatin. When cut and used, the pieces of the knitted fabric may be dispersed.

People who are injured during shaving usually place a small amount of toilet paper on the wound to prevent bleeding. If you have a small wound, toilet paper will stick to your skin and bleed. If toilet paper sticks to the scab, some bleeding occurs again to remove it.

If the amount of bleeding is so large that toilet paper is retained in the accumulated blood, other measures should be taken for hemostasis.

The present invention relates to a hemostatic agent of an absorbent synthetic polymer fiber filter with at least one surface thermally compressed. When squeezing or thermoforming is performed, the surgical hemostatic belt adheres to the wound surface and adheres due to capillary action, thereby effectively controlling bleeding. If major blood vessels have been learned, it is advisable to attach them for hemostasis for processes such as cutting off condensation or neurosurgery, even if the hemostatic wheel floats on the wound surface. If the bleeding hemp is sufficiently thick and squeezed enough to prevent blood from leaking to the outside, the hemostatic wheel can remain intact until the wound is healed due to the absorption of the hepatitis. It is minimized and is easily adsorbed into biological tissues, so there is no need to perform the desorption process of hemostatic agents that may cause bleeding.

Hemostatic filters are made by irregular formation, ie by air-dispersion, and then by thermal mold pressure. Generally, 0.5-12 denier and 1/4 inch length fibers can be used, but it is more convenient to cut into 1 / 4-2 inch or 3 inch short fibers to air-load. The airtight can be made by lamination and then subjected to known processes by non-oriented friction or needling. Mechanical felting may be performed on the mold pressure but is not necessary.

Even if a lamination or quenching process is introduced into the alignment process, the chuck must be isotropically pressed under sufficient strength to form a good hemostatic agent.

Conventional felts impart some hemostaticity while non-compressed felt fibers tend to float from the bleeding surface because they are too porous. Conventional fibrous structures on the gross surface tend to adhere to the trauma surface by irregular orientation and the surface is soft.

Pressing or squeezing the contact surfaces of the fibers has resulted in the bolts sticking to the wound and squeezing the opposite sides of the fibers reduces the amount of blood flowing through the felt. The thinner the chop, the less hemostasis will be, which facilitates its absorption upon wound recovery. Adsorbent chopped fibers, such as polyglycolic acid, have good hygroscopicity upon wound recovery but have the drawback of retaining blood clots.

Suitable polymeric materials for the present invention are polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poly (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) and the like. Hemostatic agents of synthetic fibers prepared by the method of the present invention are significantly superior to natural polymer hemostatic agents such as effervescent gelatin hemostasis and regenerated cellulose hemostatic agents.

Since all fibers in the wound can be absorbed by living tissue without toxicity, the fibers themselves can be adsorbed by living tissue.

The compressed adsorbent bolts of the present invention can be used on almost any wound. It is suitable for use as a hemostatic agent on all bleeding surfaces, in particular the compressed chops being suitable for tight contact with the wound and for being absorbed by living tissue at wound recovery. It is also very effective for skin trauma and is harmless even if part of the felt is embedded in the wound. It is also useful as a sponge to wipe off various liquids on tissue surfaces.

The compressed felt must be flexible enough to be comfortable against local wounds and must be flexible enough to move with the tissue when the tissue is moved. In general, blood clots as a hemostatic agent, hardens and condensed in the tissue of the clot to determine the measure of treatment.

Tissue absorbent fibers that can be used in a hemostatic surgical filter are fibers that can be ideally absorbed quickly within a tissue, ie fibers that can be absorbed into tissue within 90 days. The best polymers are those in which the defects of glycolic acid esters are hydrolyzed and absorbed in the tissues. Since the strength of the fibers is not a basic requirement, lactic acid containing copolymers forms ideal hemostatic potatoes. Such polymeric materials are already known.

The most suitable tissue absorbent ant is a cognate polymer made of polyglycolic acid, which has been commercially successful, but nowadays, polyglycolic acid copolymers polymerized by mixing glycolide and lactide in a ratio of 90:10 are also suitable. Known.

Polyglycolic acid, which is weaker than the strength required for sutures, is satisfied as the hemostatic bolt is used for the felt. Polyglycolic acid, whose strength disappears within 24 hours or less, is required as a hemostatic agent. It produces good results and is rapidly absorbed by the tissue during the treatment. Hemostasis is not a problem because the bleeding is fully controlled, and once the wound begins to heal, subsequent bleeding is reduced and after several days it becomes the treatment stage. A filter that can last for at least several days is desirable to ensure complete wound protection during peak recovery.

The minimum and maximum absorption time is very wide because the characteristics of the species and the tissues used for hemostatic control are different. For safety reasons, hemostatic bolts should be within acceptable limits. Substances that retain their strength for at least 3 days are absorbed into biological tissues with good results within 90 days.

It is important that materials of tissue-absorbing polymer not be harmful to the human body, capable of spinning as fibers, and not flowing through blood and other liquids even if they are wet. It also needs to be kept strong enough to be complete as a hemostatic sponge in manufacture and use. It must be absorbed after the wound has recovered and before it can act as a foreign tissue.

Since the useful properties of the compression felt of the present invention mainly depend on the size, shape and structure, other tissue absorbent materials may be replaced with the polyglycolic acid fiber which is a homopolymer described in the following examples.

Polyglycolic acid fibers and their preparation are already known. It is preferable to spin the polyglycolic acid at 0.5-12 (denier / filament). Spinning less than this filament is very difficult, and spinning of larger filaments has a weaker drawback. Therefore, filaments suitable for this purpose are spun 2-6 (denier / filament). Not all of them, but it is better to spun a group of fibers as a tow. The tow is twisted or at least flammable, then heat treated and crimped to form the eye, then subdivided into 1/4 inch-3 inch short fibers with known soup cuttings. These short fibers may be straight or curved.

Other crimping methods, such as the Stuffer box Knit-deknit process, crimped hunger, or its component fibers can also be used. Do. If perforated with saliva, non-crimped fibers will produce better results. The chopped fibers can be scattered or airlaid to convert to weaves with a density of 0.5-4 ounces per square yard. Webs with a density of 1.5 ounces per square yard are most suitable as hemostatic agents. The web can be rubbed or squeezed into a three dimensional array of nonwoven fibers imparted to the wheel. Thermoform pressure is one way to give strength.

Molding the bolts, in particular forming both sides, results in less porosity bolts and tissue formation when the surface fibers are compressed. By compressing the fiber surface to obtain a smooth surface, the presser bolt is more closely adhered to the wound when adsorbed to the wound surface, the accumulation of blood or other liquids is reduced, and the presser hemostatic bolt is further wound on the wound surface by adsorption on the wound in capillary form. It does not float in close contact with. A smooth and permanent tooling can be achieved by using a material with a heated fibrous surface that does not melt the fibers, ie a hot blood pressure roller. At a burning speed, higher temperature can be applied to a press roller. The best results are obtained when the roller temperature is 350 ° F, the bonding pressure with the roller is 1,050 pounds, and the feed rate is 15 feet per minute. Stainless steel press rollers may be used in place of nylon rollers.

The compaction of the tissue contact surface promotes adhesion to the tissue and increases the effective area exposed to blood. Blood penetrates through the hemostatic hemp and accumulates on a free surface. If the glass surface is also squeezed, a local squeeze method can be used to prevent bleeding through the glass surface so that only the bolt thickness between the two squeezing surfaces is fatigued. Fatigue bites reduce the thickness of the felt, thereby shortening the absorption time of the coagulated blood. Tissue-absorbing materials, such as polyglycolic polymers of polyglycolic acid, are absorbed at a rate that does not cause wounds. Most blood clots cause scab formation or delay absorption.

Although not assertive, it is good practice to make the inventive bolt from the fibers used as sutures. The breaking strength of these fibers is 20, 000 lb / in ² -100, 000 lb / in ² . Fibers with weaker strength are suitable for felts used as hemostatic agents.

It is preferable to quilted the non-crimped fibers used as sutures, but it is also possible to mold them without quilted.

The hardness of the bolt can be measured by the Fedral test method. The Fedral Test is made by placing a 6-inch-long, 1-inch-wide specimen on a horizontal strip and tensioning it under test conditions until the end of the fiber is tilted below the surface of the horizontal strip at an angle of 41.5 °. That's how.

If the bolts are not laid down and are made of air-laid webs, they are somewhat more flexible than laid down but are satisfactory hemostatic after hot pressing using diamond or burlap press rollers.

The method of measuring the effect of thermal mold pressure is based on air permeability. Air permeability can be measured by the method of air permeability of the fiber of ASTM-D737-69. The air permeability measurement method of the fiber of ASTM-D737-69 disperses water into the fiber at a pressure of 0.5 inches through an orifice with a diameter of 2.75 inches under standard conditions so that the air flow rate is reduced to an area of 1 ft ² of fiber at a 0.5 inch hydraulic pressure difference. It is a method of measuring the value expressed in ft ² of the air permeation per minute. One method of testing using Gurley's permeation system is to use a protective ring to remove air leaking through the edges of the fiber. As described below, the thermoformed fibers have significantly less air permeability than the non-thermoformed bolts.

Although not necessary, it is better to etch a large number of small diamond pieces on the pressing roller so that the surface of the bolt is separated by these angles to protrude into a diamond shape. Other effective press rollers have a surface arrangement of burlaps. However, other patterns can also be used.

The pressing effect of the pressing roller, which varies the pressing zone so that the surface is organized, plays an excellent role in increasing flexibility and controlling blood penetration.

It is recommended to sterilize hemostatic bolts as surgical equipment. The felt may be sterilized by an appropriate sterilization cycle using ethylene oxide as the sterilant. If ethylene oxide is used for sterilization, it is recommended to dilute ethylene oxide with alkanes with carbon dioxide or chlorofluorocarbon so that the sterilization gas does not explode. Radiation sterilization or heat sterilization may also be used and facilities should be in place.

For storage safety, hemostatic bolts should be protected from the effects of the atmosphere. If the hemostatic bolt contains a hydrolyzable polyglycolic acid ester binding group, the binding group may be hydrolyzed by moisture in the outdoor air during indoor storage.

Due to the relatively low strength needed for the felt, moderate disintegration is tolerated and very rarely requires long-term strength in the tissue, so even if the tissue-absorbing fibers disintegrate to be absorbed within a short period of time, i. Even tolerated. It is desirable to store the hemostatic bolts under dry conditions so that they can have the same properties after packaging or after several years of storage.

These sterilization and storage methods are already known, and dry the polyglycolic acid products except for one side in a sealed moisture-proof bag, sterilize using ethylene oxide diluted to be non-explosive and then sterilized. The product can be vacuum dried to seal the lid for protection.

By sealing the hemostatic bolt with a metal foil, it can be kept useful for many years. Although not required, it is good practice to sandwich the bolt between two sheets of paper, or to fold a sheet of paper so that it stays in a flat condition during storage.

The sheet may be bent in large sheets, but the limit is 4 inches by 6 inches and should be stored in an envelope large enough to hold the sheet flat. If necessary, several sheets can be packed in one bag at the same time. Sheets of 4 inches by 6 inches are suitable for surgical purposes and are cut and used depending on the application. Surgical use usually requires a single sheet.

The use of double envelopes is also very convenient, but comes with the difficulty of packaging after use. The use of double envelopes improves sterilization by allowing the surgeon or assistant to open the inner envelope in the sterile area.

However, a single envelope is not only defective but has the advantage of being economical and efficient packaging.

Broadly speaking, the surgical hemostatic bolt of the present invention is a synthetic tissue absorbent polymer fiber that partially compresses the thermoformed surface.

The most suitable polymer is one having a group of glycolic acid ester bonds, which is characterized by hydrolysis as a nontoxic tissue absorbing component. Cognate polymerizable polyglycolic acid fibers are preferably 0.5-12 deniers in thickness and 1 / 4-3 inches in length.

These fibers are cut into at least 1/4 inch short fibers, irregularly laminated into mats having a density of 0.5-4 ounces per square yard, and the tissue surface of the mat is compressed to form a press bolt. The fibers are air laminated and sterilized with enylene oxide, and then bonded and dried in a moisture proof container. It is useful for the hemostatic agent to be 0.266-0.292 mm thick. The thickness can be measured using a weight of 210 grams and the average density of the web is 2.25 ounces per square yard or 2.15-2.45 ounces per square yard.

The permeability to air varies, but permeation of 133-135 cc per minute per square yard is desirable at 0.5 inches of water pressure.

Hardness or flexibility is also not constant, but a hardness of 41.5 ° or greater is acceptable at 1/2 inch unsupported tension.

In the web's manufacturing process, a 18 inch wide, average density of 2.25 ounces per square yard was applied to a pair of rollers at a temperature of 345-375 ° F and a pressure of 1,000-2,000 (lb / in ² ). It is good to pass. The web is preferably towed through a pair of rollers at a speed of 10-20 ft / min. Optimal temperatures, pressures and flux are 350 ° F., 1, 050 lb / in ² and 15 ft / min, respectively.

The upper roller is chromemex and etched into a desired mold pattern, and the lower roller is coated with a cloth such as nylon to be used for mold pressure. To mold both sides, the web must be passed twice.

Conversely, a pair of chrome etch rollers can be used to process them all at once. In this case, the feed rate is 10-15ft / min, the heating temperature is 300-325 ° F, and the pressure of the upper roller should be checked as much as possible. The mold pressure is sufficient only by the weight of the upper roller.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through the following examples.

Example 1

The glycolide is polymerized to produce a polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of about 1.05 and then spun to about 2 denier fibers per filament by known methods. The continuous filaments are short fibers of 1 1/2 inch in length and air sprayed to be irregularly laminated, with a lamination of 2.25 ounces per square yard.

The bolt is then pressed using a diamond-etched die roller at 3/32 inch intervals and pressed with a nylon coated roller at 345-355 ° F. The pressure at this time is 1,050 lb / in ² and the line speed is 15 ft / min. Pass the glass surface of the bolt through the pressing roller, turn the bolt upside down to remove the supporting paper, and press the bolt again to mold the back surface.

Before performing thermoforming, the bolt is brushed to measure its thickness.

Under the same conditions as above, the bolts passed through the above process are passed through a pressure roller having a bee arrangement to produce a pattern of the bee on the surface of the bolt.

The treated bolt is cut into 3 × 5 inch size and placed on a transparent paper and folded. The chopped paper is placed in a large silver foil bag and left for 2 hours in a vacuum oven with a mixture of 12% ethylene oxide and 88% dichlorodifluoromethane until the ethylene oxide and all water are removed. The vacuum is raised to normal pressure with nitrogen to seal the opening side of the bag. To preserve the sterilization status, the envelope is diagonally sealed and then packaged in a large peeling bag, and the inner space is sterilized again and double-packed so that the storage stability is very good and can be used immediately. Packaging as described above can be guaranteed for many years or more.

Example 2

The test for screening tests for hemostatic potatoes was the rabbit "bena cava test", which was made by cutting the rabbit benacaca 1/4 inch in the longitudinal direction, pressing the hemostatic agent for 15 seconds and then depressurizing the blood. Is to test if it stops. The diamond-type or flap-type hemostatic bolts of the present invention pass this test.

Example 3

Hardness and Porosity of Hemostatic Potatoes

The mold pressure bolt was placed on the test bench using the Fedral Standard Test Method 191 and tensioned until the specimen fell at an angle of 41.5 °. The hardness of the landing is reported to be one-half inch in length when the landing reaches the slope of 41.5 °.

The test results of the material of Example 1 are as follows.

Diamond mold pressure

Horizontal (machine direction) 1.05 inches

1.15 in vertical (vertical to machine direction)

Burlap Molding Pressure

1.35 in horizontal

1.83 inches vertical

Non-pressure web: It cannot be measured because it tears at the time of measurement.

Air permeability was tested using the method of ASTM D737-69. This result is expressed as ft ³ of the amount of air permeate per minute per square foot of fiber at a 0.5 inch hydraulic pressure differential.

Diamond mold pressure: The air permeability of a fiber of 2.25 ounces per square yard is 133 ft ³ .

Bee raephyeong hyeongap: 1 air permeability of 2.25 ounces per square yard fiber is 135ft ^3.

Specific Pressure Web: The air permeability of a fiber, 2.25 ounces per square yard, is 360 ft ³ .

Example 4

Hefe Tectomis

Sub-total hepatectomies were tested on 15 New Zealand backed turkeys weighing 2-3 kg. These 15 do not distinguish between male and female. The test method is as follows.

Test animals were anesthetized intravenously using sodium pentobarbital. The abdomen was excised and the ribs were removed to expose the liver. Recognize the right, left, and left hepatic lobes as identical, fix the Stokeman penis clamp to 2-3 lobes as close to the navel as possible, remove the edges of the lobe, remove the clamp, and bleed until the animal dies. Bleeding If the animal is alive until the end of the bleeding, treat it by laparotomy and place the test animal back into the cage. As a prophylactic agent, 1 ml of penicillin and dihydrostrapmycin are administered to the internal muscles to protect the animal.

The polyglycolic acid hemostatic wheel of Example 1, ie, absorbent expanded gelatin, absorbent oxidized regenerated cellulose knit fabric, and mattress sutures, were used to test 10 rabbits of the same weight without discrimination. 20-30% of the liver of each test animal is excised and the hemostatic agent is cut slightly larger than the size of the excised liver and placed in the liver through 5 mm glandular tissue with 2-3 layers of 5/0 polyglycolic acid suture. Tie the upper part of the knot. Then remove the clamp.

The covered area varies depending on the test animal, but the size is usually 12-13 cm ² .

For the suture group, 2-3 mattress sutures are placed parallel to the cut and the knots of the lobe are knotted. The test animals are treated and put in cages by laparotomy.

[result]

Animals without hemostatic treatment die 73% between 6 minutes and 12 hours after the procedure. The effect of hemostatic agents is almost the same. After removing the clamp, some blood bleeds from around us for a short time, but rarely does it leak through the hemostatic agent.

Polyglycolic acid felt hemostatic agents in contact with blood are translucent but do not change their appearance and dimensions. Foamed gelatin tends to swell when blood accumulates in the gaps. Oxidized regenerated cellulose turns black to give a gelatin-like shape.

When pre-treatment is performed by squeezing the foamed gelatin in brine, squeezing it, and then squeezing it again. The foamed gelatin is gelatinous enough to adhere to a device or a glove. If knitted oxidized cellulose breaks, it also attaches to the device or glove. Mattress sutures of these materials are difficult to tie tight enough to hemostatically without tearing through the hepatic capsule.

[result]

Polyglycolic acid hemostatic ant can not find any postoperative bleeding or coarse pathology. The coarse pathology is a slight intensive infarction just below the hemostatic agent. The hemostatic agent is slightly stained with bile, but there are no symptoms of peritoneal excretion due to bile leakage. After 15 days, intensive pelvic phenomena are usually resolved and polyglycolic acid begins to be absorbed. After 30 days, only a few polyglycolic acid hemostatic agents were identified and the tissue response was not significant. After 60-90 days, little is found except for the slight presence of a thin fibrous coating at the site of action and regeneration of the liver.

One animal in the test group did not wake up at all under anesthesia, but there were no signs of bleeding at the site of action.

Under the same conditions, part of the tissue was infarcted after 3 days of congestion of the tissue with blood and bile using foamed gelatin. The response after 7 days was similar but more diffuse.

The response after 15 days was characterized by glandular formation in the site of action, intensive company and ditch.

After 30 days, one animal had a dose and sediment formation, but foam gelatin began to be absorbed.

After 60 and 90 days, the reaction began to disappear with the regeneration of the liver. After 60 days, partial resorption coagulation was found in the abdomen in one animal and in the gall in other animals. Two animals died of pulmonary hyperemia and stage 2 edema due to an overdose of anesthetic. Postoperative redness was not found.

Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose

Symptoms after 3 days are intensive auto-graft infarction and peripheral coagulation of oxidized regenerative cellulose graft tissue due to postoperative bleeding.

The reaction after 7 days was also the same.

The symptoms after 15 days were the same as those after 3 and 7 days, but the inflammatory substances were slightly leached into the liver, the glandular formation and the resorption coagulation site. About 50% of the oxidized recycled fibers were absorbed.

Symptoms after 30, 60 and 90 days were not remarkable except that regenerated cellulose was absorbed into the animal over time.

Suture of Hemostatic Agent

Suture infarction due to suture was similar after 3 days and 7 days. The symptoms gradually disappeared for 15-90 days. One animal died in 4 days due to a lack of technology and liver damage. Other animals died on the first day due to leakage of serous blood through the abdomen and formation of large clots in the liver.

If hemostasis is not performed, 73% of the livers will be damaged and hemostasis with polyglycolic acid hemostatic bolts, foamed gelatin, or regenerated cellulose oxide will rarely die. As a result of comparing the pressureless non-tissue polyglycolic acid felt with the conventional bolt, it was found that the bleeding amount after the operation of the pressure-free non-tissue polyglycolic acid felt was reduced.

In terms of surgical performance, the pressurized non-tissue polyglycolic acid felt is not attached to an instrument or glove, its shape remains intact, and its handling is good and it does not tear even when wet. The felt is so hard that it can be used as a suture or pillow.

Example 5

Specimens of polyglycolic acid-type hemostatic bolts were subjected to neurosurgery testing in the heads of test animals. The hemostatic bolt was placed on the head of the animal and the portion of the hemostatic bolt was fixed by hand to observe the bleeding amount.

Microscopic suction tubes were used to remove blood leaking through or around the hemostatic agent. After some time, the blood was removed by inhalation, so the blood flow was effectively controlled with some blood absorbed by the hemostatic bolt.

The blood flowing in or around the bolt was easily observed at the time of surgery. The above procedure was performed using foam gelatin instead of a cotton pad that would interfere with direct observation for comparison, prevent the removal of blood and possibly present cotton fibers in the wound.

Wrapping a wound non-tissue polyglycolic acid bolt on the wound has little effect on bleeding and recovery. The dissection revealed that there was little bleeding, polyglycolic acid was rapidly absorbed into the animal, and there was little trouble in the healing of wounds.

When the brain or other central nerves are injured in humans, the pressure-sensitive glycolic acid surgical bolts of the present invention have been found to have good hemostatic properties and are faster to recover than conventional surgical bolts.

The bolt of the present invention can change the denier of the filament, the thickness of the bolt sponge, the hardness and the handling characteristics according to the surgical purpose and procedure, the size and length of the filament, and the temperature and pressure of the mold pressure. In addition, depending on the nature of the attending physician can also change the thickness and hardness.

In general, the sponge of Example 1 is made to suit most surgical procedures, most of the physician's character.

Claims (1)

The synthetic tissue absorbent polymer was spun into 0.5-12 denier fibers, cut into fibers of at least 1/4 inch in length, irregularly laminated with a mat having a density of 0.5-4 ounces per square yard, and then the mat was heated. A method for producing a surgical felt hemostatic agent, characterized by forming a pressurized bolt by compressing the resultant fabric surface.