KR20240045879A - Kenaf pellet for roughage and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention is a column-shaped pellet, wherein the pellet includes 60 wt% to 80 wt% of kenaf leaves relative to the total weight of the pellet and 20 wt% to 40 wt% of kenaf skin relative to the total weight of the pellet. Kenaf pellets for forage are disclosed.

Description

Kenaf pellet for roughage and manufacturing method thereof}

The present invention relates to kenaf pellets for forage and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, to kenaf pellets that can be used as forage for large animals such as cattle and pigs and a method for producing the same.

As the livestock industry develops, the importance of feed essential for livestock farming is also increasing. Feed must contain nutritional elements such as fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and proteins, and can be classified into roughage, concentrate, supplementary feed, and compound feed (TMR) according to nutritional value. Among these, roughage is the main source of nutrients for livestock and must be provided nutritionally and physiologically.

Meanwhile, global warming has recently emerged as a global problem, and it has been found that one cow emits about 85 kg of methane gas a year through burping or farting. The number of cattle raised around the world is estimated to be about 1.3 billion, so it can be seen that cattle around the world emit about 110.5 billion kg of methane gas per year. This corresponds to about 25% of global methane gas emissions, and when methane gas generated by all livestock such as sheep and goats in addition to cows is combined, it accounts for about 37% of global methane gas emissions. Accordingly, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) points out that raising livestock is one of the biggest causes of climate change.

Therefore, research is being conducted to reduce methane gas generated by livestock by vaccinating livestock or adding additives or supplements to feed, but there is a risk that it may have a negative effect on livestock. In addition, there is a method of lowering the crude protein content of feed to reduce the amount of excrement produced by livestock, but it has the disadvantage that sufficient high-quality nutrients may not be supplied to livestock.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0004836 (published on January 13, 2015)

The present invention provides kenaf pellets manufactured using kenaf, which is rich in nutrients, has stable supply and demand through multiple cropping, and can reduce methane gas generation from livestock, including tannic acid, and a method for producing the same.

One embodiment of the present invention is a column-shaped pellet,

The pellet discloses a kenaf pellet for forage containing 60 wt% to 80 wt% of kenaf leaves relative to the total weight of the pellet and 20 wt% to 40 wt% of kenaf skin relative to the total weight of the pellet.

In this example, the kenaf pellets for roughage may contain 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of tannic acid.

In this embodiment, the kenaf pellets for roughage contain crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sodium ( Na), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), vitamin A, vitamin D3, choline, and omega-3 fatty acids.

The kenaf pellets for roughage can absorb moisture 7 to 10 times its own specific gravity.

In this example, the moisture content of the kenaf pellets for forage may be 12% to 15%.

In this example, separating kenaf leaves and kenaf skins;

Cutting and grinding the separated kenaf leaves and kenaf skin;

mixing the pulverized kenaf leaves and the kenaf skin and drying them to form a mixture; and

Processing the dried mixture into pellets by heat compression molding, wherein the mixing ratio in the step of making the mixture is 60 wt% to 80 wt% for the kenaf leaves and 20 wt% to 40 wt% for the kenaf peel. , the kenaf pellets for roughage may contain 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of tannic acid.

In this embodiment, the processing step may process the pellets by heat compression molding.

In this embodiment, the step of cooling the processed pellet may be further included.

In this embodiment, the kenaf pellets for roughage include crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), vitamin A, May contain vitamin D3, choline, and omega-3 fatty acids.

The moisture content of the kenaf pellets for forage may be 12% to 15%.

According to embodiments of the present invention, kenaf pellets for roughage contain excellent amounts of crude fiber and crude protein as roughage, and contain tannic acid, which can reduce methane gas generation in livestock while providing sufficient nutrition to livestock.

Figure 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of kenaf pellets for forage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a view of kenaf pellets for forage according to an embodiment of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a flow chart schematically showing an example of a method for producing kenaf pellets for forage of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a flow chart schematically showing another example of the method for producing kenaf pellets for roughage of Figure 1.

Since the present invention can be modified in various ways and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. The effects and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below along with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various forms.

In the following embodiments, terms such as first and second are used not in a limiting sense but for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component.

In the following examples, singular terms include plural terms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In the following embodiments, terms such as include or have mean that the features or components described in the specification exist, and do not exclude in advance the possibility of adding one or more other features or components.

In the drawings, the sizes of components may be exaggerated or reduced for convenience of explanation. For example, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are shown arbitrarily for convenience of explanation, so the present invention is not necessarily limited to what is shown.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and when described with reference to the drawings, identical or corresponding components will be assigned the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of kenaf pellets for forage according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a view of a kenaf pellet for forage according to an embodiment of Figure 1.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, kenaf pellets 10 for roughage according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a pillar shape. Meanwhile, Figure 1 shows an example of kenaf pellets 10 for forage in an elongated cylindrical shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the kenaf pellets 10 for forage may have various shapes such as spheres and cones. there is.

Kenaf pellets 10 for roughage according to the present invention can be manufactured using kenaf leaves and kenaf skin as main ingredients.

Kenaf is an annual herbaceous plant from the mallow family. It is rich in crude protein and crude fiber due to active photosynthesis and has a fast growth rate. Kenaf can grow to 5m to 8m in tropical climates and 3m to 6m in temperate climates in approximately 120 days, and multiple crops are possible to ensure sufficient yield.

By using this kenaf to manufacture kenaf pellets (10) for forage, it is possible to produce high-quality forage rich in nutrients in domestic conditions where feed resources are scarce.

Kenaf pellets (10) may be feed for large animals. In addition, the kenaf pellets (10) help the chewing activity of ruminants and may have a hardness that can promote rumination in the rumen. Meanwhile, after grinding the kenaf pellets (10) into powder form, it can be supplied to pigs, chickens, etc.

Kenaf pellets (10) for roughage contain tannic acid. Tannic acid reduces methane gas production in livestock. Specifically, tannic acid can reduce the generation of methane gas by removing cellulose-decomposing bacteria and reducing hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and can reduce the generation of methane gas by killing methane-producing bacteria.

In addition, tannic acid exhibits various physiological activities such as detoxification, sterilization, hemostasis, and anti-inflammatory effects, so it can be used as a medicine to prevent or treat diseases in livestock. In addition, in ruminant animals, the efficiency of feed energy use can be increased by changing fermentation in the rumen, and when tannic acid is fed to ruminants, it has effects such as wool growth, increased milk protein, improved reproductive efficiency, and reduced incidence of bloat. .

Such tannic acid may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% in the kenaf pellets 10 for roughage. If the tannic acid content is greater than 10wt%, the astringent taste of the feed may become stronger, which may reduce palatability and intake, and if the tannic acid content is less than 0.5wt%, the efficiency of preventing methane gas generation may be excessively reduced.

The kenaf pellet 10 for forage according to the present invention includes 60 wt% to 80 wt% of kenaf leaves relative to the total weight of the pellet 10 and 20 wt% to 40 wt% of kenaf peel relative to the total weight of the pellet 10. It can be included.

If the content ratio of kenaf leaves compared to the total weight of the pellets (10) included in the kenaf pellets (10) for roughage is less than 60 wt%, and the content ratio of kenaf skins compared to the total weight of the pellets (10) is greater than 40 wt%, tannic acid As the content increases, the astringent taste becomes stronger, which may reduce palatability and intake. Additionally, the content of crude protein may be excessively reduced, resulting in reduced nutrients.

On the other hand, the content ratio of kenaf leaves compared to the total weight of the pellet (10) contained in the kenaf pellets (10) for roughage is greater than 80 wt%, and the content ratio of kenaf peel to the total weight of the pellet (10) is less than 20 wt%. If so, the tannic acid content may decrease and the methane gas reduction effect may decrease. Additionally, as the content of crude fiber decreases, the feeling of fullness may decrease.

Meanwhile, kenaf pellets 10 for roughage may contain more than 15% crude protein, more than 20% crude fiber, more than 2% crude fat, and less than 14% ash. In addition, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), vitamin A, vitamin D3, choline and May contain omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, it is possible to produce high-quality roughage with diverse and abundant nutrients.

Kenaf pellets 10 for roughage may have a moisture content of 12% to 15%. Therefore, the moisture content of the kenaf pellets (10) for roughage is low, so they are light in weight and easy to transport, and have sufficient hardness to help masticatory activities in ruminants and promote rumination in the rumen.

In addition, since kenaf, which is the raw material for the kenaf pellets 10 for roughage, is a porous crop, the kenaf pellets 10 for roughage can absorb moisture 7 to 10 times its own specific gravity. Kenaf pellets (10) for roughage have a high moisture absorption rate and can aid digestion.

Figure 3 is a flow chart schematically showing an example of a method for producing kenaf pellets for forage shown in Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a flow chart schematically showing another example of a method for producing kenaf pellets for forage shown in Figure 1.

First, referring to FIG. 3, the method for producing kenaf pellets for forage according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the step of separating kenaf leaves and kenaf skin (S210); Cutting and crushing the separated kenaf leaves and kenaf skin (S220); Mixing crushed kenaf leaves and kenaf peel and drying them to form a mixture (S230); and processing the dried mixture into pellets by heat compression molding (S240).

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4, separating kenaf leaves and kenaf skin (S310); Cutting and grinding the separated kenaf leaves and kenaf skin (S320); Mixing crushed kenaf leaves and kenaf peel and drying them to form a mixture (S330); And processing the dried mixture into pellets by heat compression molding (S340); It may further include cooling the processed pellets later (S350).

First, the leaves and kenaf skin of the kenaf harvested at the end of cultivation are peeled off and separated into kenaf leaves and kenaf skin. (S210, S310)

Next, the separated kenaf leaves and kenaf skin are cut and ground (S220, S320).

Kenaf leaves and kenaf skin are each cut to an average length of 3 cm to 5 cm.

Next, the cut kenaf leaves and bark are crushed. When pulverized, the average length of kenaf leaves and kenaf skin may be 0.3 cm to 1.8 cm.

Next, the crushed kenaf leaves and kenaf peel are mixed (S230, S330). At this time, the mixing ratio may include 60 wt% to 80 wt% of kenaf leaves and 20 wt% to 40 wt% of kenaf skin.

If the content ratio of kenaf leaves compared to the total weight of the pellets (10) included in the kenaf pellets (10) for roughage is less than 60 wt%, and the content ratio of kenaf skins compared to the total weight of the pellets (10) is greater than 40 wt%, tannic acid As the amount increases, the astringent taste becomes stronger, which may reduce palatability and intake. Additionally, as the content of crude protein decreases, nutrients may decrease.

On the other hand, the content ratio of kenaf leaves compared to the total weight of the pellet (10) contained in the kenaf pellets (10) for roughage is greater than 80 wt%, and the content ratio of kenaf peel to the total weight of the pellet (10) is less than 20 wt%. If so, the amount of tannic acid may decrease and the methane gas reduction effect may decrease. Additionally, as the content of crude fiber decreases, the feeling of fullness may decrease.

Additionally, the skins of cashew nuts, persimmons, chestnuts, and nuts can be added to increase the tannic acid content in the above step.

Next, the mixture of kenaf leaves and kenaf peel is dried.

At this time, the moisture content of the mixture can be adjusted by adjusting the drying time or drying temperature.

At this time, the moisture content may be 12% to 15%.

Next, the mixed mixture is heat-compressed and processed into pellets (S240, S340). As an example, the pellet may have a diameter of 0.6 cm to 2.0 cm and a length of 2 cm to 8 cm. However, it is not limited to this, and the pellets can be formed to have a hardness to induce smooth masticatory activity in ruminants and to have a variety of final ratios.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, a step (S350) of cooling the processed pellets can be further added.

In the cooling step (S350), the processed pellets 10, which have a high temperature of 60°C to 70°C, are cooled in a cooler to prevent them from breaking.

As described above, the kenaf pellets 10 for roughage according to the present invention are manufactured using kenaf as the main ingredient, so that high crude protein and crude fiber contents can be obtained and can contain various nutrients.

Table 1 below shows the results of examining the composition of kenaf pellets for roughage manufactured with 65 wt% kenaf leaves and 35 wt% kenaf skin. The following ingredient results are the results of testing at the Korea Sweet Feed Association Feed Research Institute.

Requested Ingredients unit Test result Test method Moisture (135 degrees, 2 hours) % 12.95 Feed standard analysis method crude protein % 18.25 Feed standard analysis method George fat (E.E) % 3.29 Feed standard analysis method crude fiber % 22.73 Feed standard analysis method views % 12.28 Feed standard analysis method Acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) % 29.86 Feed standard analysis method Neutral detergent-insoluble fiber (NDF) % 45.41 Feed standard analysis method Potassium (K) % 1.04 Feed standard analysis method Magnesium (Mg) % 0.67 Feed standard analysis method Sodium (Na) % 0.06 Feed standard analysis method Iron (Fe) % 0.11 Feed standard analysis method Phosphorus (P) % 0.39 Feed standard analysis method tannin % 0.75 colorimetric method Omega 3 fatty acids % 21.60 AOCS method

As can be seen in Table 1 above, the main ingredients of the forage include moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), and the auxiliary ingredients include potassium ( K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), tannic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids, so it can be said to be a high-quality roughage containing various components as nutrients.

Table 2 below shows the relative feed value ratings provided by the National Institute of Animal Science.

Using Table 1 above, the quality grade of the roughage can be obtained by calculating according to Equations 1 to 3 below.

Quality grade special grade 1st grade level 2 level 3 level 4 level 5 etc. RFV 151 or more 150~125 124~103 102~87 86~75 74~60 Under 60

RFV (relative feed value) = (DDM * DMI)/1.29 (Equation 1)

DDM (plasticized dry matter) = 88.9 - (0.779 * ADF) (Equation 2)

DDI (dry matter intake rate) = 120/NDF (Equation 3)

Using Equations 1 to 3, which are supplementary applications of the US AFGC grading standards, if the RFV value is 100 or more, it can be considered to have good feed value. As can be seen in Tables 1 and 2, kenaf pellets for forage in one embodiment have According to Tables 1 and 2, it can be viewed as an excellent feed corresponding to quality level 1 with an RFV value of 130 to 140.

Table 3 below shows the detection results of measuring ingredients such as vitamins in the kenaf pellets in Table 1. The results in Table 3 below are the results of testing at the Korea Sweet Feed Association Feed Research Institute.

Requested Ingredients unit Test result Test method Vitamin A IU/Kg 65,770.83 Feed standard analysis method Vitamin E-Acetate mg/kg Not detected Feed standard analysis method Colin mg/kg 685.08 Feed standard analysis method Vitamin C % Not detected Feed standard analysis method Vitamin D3 IU/Kg 8,263.36 Feed standard analysis method

As can be seen in Table 3, the kenaf pellets for roughage of one embodiment contain vitamin A, which can prevent weight loss, muscular hydrops, urolithiasis, night blindness, and reproductive disorders, and anti-hepatic factor, which prevents fatty liver. It contains choline and vitamin D3, which can prevent rickets, skeletal dysplasia, osteomalacia, low hatching rate, low egg laying rate, and poor eggshell quality.

Such kenaf pellets (10) for roughage have the hardness necessary for the chewing activity of ruminants and can promote rumination in the rumen. They can be made in powder form and fed to pigs, chickens, fish, etc., and the remaining feed can be fed to pigs, chickens, fish, etc. It is rich in nutrients and can be easily decomposed naturally, so it can be used as a fertilizer.

As such, the present invention has been described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings, but this is merely an example, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and variations of the embodiment are possible therefrom. Therefore, the true scope of technical protection of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the attached patent claims.

Claims (10)

As a column-shaped pellet,
The pellet is a kenaf pellet for forage containing 60 wt% to 80 wt% of kenaf leaves relative to the total weight of the pellet and 20 wt% to 40 wt% of kenaf skin relative to the total weight of the pellet. According to paragraph 1,
The kenaf pellets for roughage are kenaf pellets for roughage containing 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of tannic acid. The kenaf pellets for roughage include crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). ), kenaf pellets for roughage containing phosphorus (P), vitamin A, vitamin D3, choline and omega-3 fatty acids. According to paragraph 1,
The moisture absorption rate of the kenaf pellets for roughage is 7 to 10 times its own specific gravity. According to paragraph 1,
Kenaf pellets for roughage wherein the moisture content of the kenaf pellets for roughage is 12% to 15%. Separating kenaf leaves and kenaf skin;
Cutting and grinding the separated kenaf leaves and kenaf skin;
mixing the pulverized kenaf leaves and the kenaf skin and drying them to form a mixture; and
Processing the dried mixture into pellets by heat compression molding,
In the step of making the mixture, the mixing ratio is 60 wt% to 80 wt% of the kenaf leaves and 20 wt% to 40% wt of the kenaf skin. According to clause 6,
A method of producing kenaf pellets for roughage, wherein the kenaf pellets for roughage include 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of tannic acid. According to clause 6,
A method for producing kenaf pellets for roughage, further comprising cooling the processed pellets. According to clause 6,
The kenaf pellets for roughage include crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). ), phosphorus (P), vitamin A, vitamin D3, choline, and omega-3 fatty acid. Method for producing kenaf pellets for roughage. According to clause 6,
A method for producing kenaf pellets for roughage, wherein the kenaf pellets for roughage have a moisture content of 12% to 15%.