KR20240011294A - Energy Storage System - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of battery packs arranged in a vertical direction; A casing forming a space therein to accommodate at least the plurality of battery packs; a plurality of battery cooling plates disposed inside the casing and corresponding to each battery pack; a power converter disposed inside the casing and operating to charge or discharge the battery pack; a power converter water block in contact with the power converter; a cooling module disposed inside the casing and including a pump that flows coolant to the plurality of battery cooling plates and the power converter water block; And, in a preheating mode, a valve sequentially supplies coolant whose temperature has risen after passing through the power converter water block to the plurality of battery cooling plates so that the plurality of battery packs are sequentially preheated one by one.

Description

Energy storage system {Energy Storage System}

The present disclosure relates to energy storage devices, and more specifically, to battery-based energy storage devices and methods of operating the same.

An energy storage device is a device that stores or charges external power and then outputs or discharges the externally stored power. For this purpose, the energy storage device is equipped with a battery, and a power converter is used to supply power to the battery or output power from the battery.

When the battery temperature is high, the possibility of explosion or ignition increases. Additionally, if the battery is continuously used while its temperature rises to a high temperature, the battery life is reduced. Additionally, when the battery is used at low temperatures, internal resistance increases, which reduces efficiency and makes it difficult to achieve high output. Therefore, it is desirable in terms of efficiency and safety to manage the temperature of the battery at an appropriate level.

Prior document US8557414 (2011.02.25) is a method of cooling the battery by air cooling. The air cooling method in prior literature requires configurations to utilize compressed air, such as a compressor to compress the air and a tank to store it, and it is difficult to evenly recover waste heat in the battery.

The problem that the present disclosure aims to solve is to provide an energy storage device that can stably manage battery temperature.

Another task of the present disclosure is to provide an energy storage device that can reduce heat loss and operate stably in a cryogenic environment.

Another task of the present disclosure is to provide an energy storage device that can not only cool the battery but also preheat it.

Another task of the present disclosure is to provide an energy storage device that can effectively preheat a battery.

Another task of the present disclosure is to provide an energy storage device that can improve the overall efficiency of the system, battery life, charge/discharge speed, and efficiency by more stably controlling the temperature of the system according to operating conditions. will be.

The tasks of the present disclosure are not limited to the tasks mentioned above, and other tasks not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

In order to achieve the above problem, an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of battery packs arranged in a vertical direction; A casing forming a space therein to accommodate at least the plurality of battery packs; a plurality of battery cooling plates disposed inside the casing and corresponding to each battery pack; a power converter disposed inside the casing and operating to charge or discharge the battery pack; a power converter water block in contact with the power converter; a cooling module disposed inside the casing and including a pump that flows coolant to the plurality of battery cooling plates and the power converter water block; And, in the preheating mode, a valve sequentially supplies coolant whose temperature has risen after passing through the power converter water block to the plurality of battery cooling plates so that the plurality of battery packs are sequentially preheated one by one.

In the preheating mode, the valve supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to one of the plurality of battery packs, and when the temperature of the one battery pack exceeds the reference temperature, the one battery pack is charged. After starting the charging of the one battery pack, the valve may supply the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to another battery pack adjacent to the one battery pack.

When the plurality of packs include a first battery pack, a second battery pack, and a third battery pack arranged in the vertical direction, the valve supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to the second battery pack located in the middle. We can supply it first.

When the plurality of packs include a first battery pack, a second battery pack, a third battery pack, and a fourth battery pack arranged in the vertical direction, the valve is connected to the second battery pack or the third battery pack located in the middle. The coolant can first be supplied to the corresponding battery cooling plate.

The energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include an outdoor temperature sensor that measures the outdoor temperature.

The valve supplies the coolant whose temperature has risen as it passes through the power converter water block to the plurality of battery cooling plates at the same time, and when the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor becomes lower than the standard value, the plurality of battery cooling plates are operated by the valve. It can operate to be supplied sequentially.

The cooling module may further include a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing by the pump and a heat dissipation fan that supplies external air to the heat exchanger.

An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a coolant circulation passage through which coolant discharged from the battery cooling plate flows; a first heat exchanger flow path connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger and the cooling water circulation flow path; a second heat exchanger flow path connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger and the pump; a bypass passage at one end connected between the cooling water circulation passage and the first heat exchange passage and at the other end connected between the second heat exchange passage and the pump; a bypass valve disposed in the bypass passage and opening and closing the bypass passage; And, a heat exchanger valve disposed in the first heat exchanger flow path to open and close the first heat exchanger flow path.

When the outside temperature measured by the outside temperature sensor is lower than the reference value, the bypass valve may open the bypass passage, and the heat exchange valve may close the first heat exchanger passage. .

An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first coolant circulation flow path through which the coolant is supplied from the pump; a second coolant circulation flow path branched from the first coolant circulation flow path and supplying the coolant to the first flow path; a third coolant circulation flow path branched from the first coolant circulation flow path to supply the coolant to the battery pack; a fourth coolant circulation flow path through which the coolant flowing from the second flow path flows; a fifth coolant circulation flow path branched from the fourth coolant circulation flow path and supplying the coolant to the battery pack; a sixth cooling water circulation passage branched from the fourth cooling water circulation passage and supplying the cooling water to the heat exchanger; And, a seventh coolant circulation flow path connected to the second heat exchange flow path and the bypass flow path to flow the coolant discharged from the second heat exchange flow path and the bypass flow path to the pump.

An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first three-way valve distributing coolant in the first coolant circulation passage to the second coolant circulation passage and the third coolant circulation passage; And, it may further include a second three-way valve that allows the coolant of the fourth coolant circulation passage to be selectively supplied to the fifth coolant circulation passage or the sixth coolant circulation passage.

In the cooling mode, the first three-way valve distributes the coolant supplied from the pump to the second coolant circulation passage and the third coolant circulation passage, and the second three-way valve distributes the coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage. may be supplied to the sixth coolant circulation passage, the bypass valve may close the bypass passage, and the heat exchange valve may open the first heat exchange passage.

In the preheating mode, the first three-way valve supplies coolant supplied from the pump to the second coolant circulation passage, and the second three-way valve supplies coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage to the battery cooling plate. supply, the bypass valve may open the bypass passage, and the heat exchange valve may close the first heat exchange passage.

An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reactor; a reactor water block in contact with the reactor; It may further include a T-type connector disposed in the second coolant circulation passage to distribute the coolant to the reactor water block.

According to at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery temperature can be stably managed.

Additionally, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce heat loss and operate stably in a cryogenic environment.

Additionally, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is an advantage that not only cooling but also preheating of the battery is possible.

Additionally, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery can be effectively preheated.

Additionally, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the overall efficiency of the system, battery life, charge/discharge speed, and efficiency can be improved by controlling the temperature of the system more stably according to operating conditions.

Meanwhile, various other effects will be disclosed directly or implicitly in the detailed description according to embodiments of the present disclosure to be described later.

1A and 1B are conceptual diagrams of an energy supply system including an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of a home energy service system including an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of an energy storage device including a plurality of battery packs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a diagram referenced in the description of the cooling mode of the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams referenced in the description of simultaneous heating and simultaneous charging of battery packs.
7 to 10 are diagrams referenced in the description of sequential heating and sequential charging of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 is a diagram referenced in the description of the preheating mode of the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments and can of course be modified into various forms.

In the drawings, parts not related to the description are omitted in order to clearly and briefly explain the present disclosure, and identical or extremely similar parts are denoted by the same drawing reference numerals throughout the specification.

Meanwhile, the suffixes “module” and “part” for components used in the following description are simply given in consideration of the ease of writing this specification, and do not give any particularly important meaning or role in and of themselves. Accordingly, the terms “module” and “unit” may be used interchangeably.

Additionally, in this specification, terms such as first and second may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.

The top (U), bottom (D), left (Le), right (Ri), front (F), and back (R) used in the drawings are used to describe the battery pack and the energy storage device including the battery pack. This can be set differently depending on the standard.

1A and 1B are conceptual diagrams of an energy supply system including an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the energy supply system includes an energy storage device 1 based on a battery 35 in which electrical energy is stored, a load 7 as a power demand source, and a system provided as an external power supply source ( 9) may be included.

The energy storage device 1 includes a battery 35 that stores (charges) electrical energy received from the system 9, etc. in direct current (DC) form or outputs (discharges) the stored electrical energy to the system 9, etc.; A power converter 32 (PCS: Power Conditioning System) that converts electrical characteristics (e.g., AC/DC interconversion, frequency, voltage) to charge or discharge the battery 35, and the current of the battery 35 , includes a battery manager 34 (BMS: Battery Management System) that monitors and manages information such as voltage and temperature.

The system 9 may include power generation facilities and transmission lines that produce power. The load 7 is a consumer that consumes power and may include home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, TVs, robot vacuum cleaners, robots, and mobile electronic devices such as vehicles and drones.

The energy storage device 1 can store power from the outside in the battery 35 and then output the power to the outside. For example, the energy storage device 1 can receive direct current or alternating current power from the outside, store it in the battery 35, and then output direct current or alternating current power to the outside.

Meanwhile, since the battery 35 mainly stores direct current power, the energy storage device 1 receives direct current power or converts the received alternating current power into direct current power and stores it in the battery 35. The stored direct current power can be converted into alternating current power and supplied to the system 9 or load 7.

At this time, the power converter 32 in the energy storage device 1 performs power conversion and voltage charges the battery 35, or transfers direct current power stored in the battery 35 to the system 9 or the load 7. can be supplied.

The energy storage device 1 can charge the battery 35 based on power supplied from the system and discharge the battery 35 when necessary. For example, in emergency situations such as a power outage, or during times, days, or seasons when the price of electric energy supplied from the system 9 is high, the electric energy stored in the battery 35 can be supplied to the load 7.

The energy storage device 1 has the advantage of being able to improve the safety and convenience of renewable energy generation by storing electrical energy generated from renewable energy sources such as solar energy, and can be used as an emergency power source. In addition, by using the energy storage device 1, it is possible to level loads with large fluctuations depending on time of day and season, and save energy consumption and costs.

The battery manager 34 can measure the temperature, current, voltage, charge amount, etc. of the battery 35 and monitor the state of the battery 35. Additionally, the battery manager 34 can control and manage the operating environment of the battery 35 to optimize it based on the status information of the battery 35.

Meanwhile, the energy storage device 1 may include a power manager 31a (PMS: Power Management System) that controls the power converter 32.

The power manager 31a may perform the function of monitoring and controlling the status of the battery 35 and the power converter 32. The power manager 31a may be a controller that controls the overall operation of the energy storage device 1.

The power converter 32 can control power distribution of the battery 35 according to control commands from the power manager 31a. The power converter 32 can convert power according to the connection status of the system 9, the power generation means such as solar power, the battery 35, and the load 7.

Meanwhile, the power manager 31a can receive status information of the battery 35 from the battery manager 34. Control commands can be transmitted to the power converter 32 and the battery manager 34.

The power manager 31a may include communication means such as a Wi-Fi communication module and memory. Various information necessary for the operation of the energy storage device 1 may be stored in the memory. Depending on the embodiment, the power manager 31a may include a plurality of switches and control the power supply path.

The power manager 31a and/or the battery manager 34 may use various known SOC methods such as a current integration method and a state of charge (SOC) calculation method based on open circuit voltage (OCV). The SOC of the battery 35 can be calculated using a calculation technique. If the charge amount of the battery 35 exceeds the maximum charge amount, the battery may overheat and operate irreversibly. Likewise, if the charge amount is below the minimum charge amount, the battery may deteriorate and become unrecoverable. The power manager 31a and/or the battery manager 34 can control the optimal use area and maximum input/output power by monitoring the internal temperature and charge amount of the battery 35 in real time.

The power manager 31a may operate under the control of the energy manager 31b (EMS: Energy Management System), which is a higher-level controller. The power manager 31a can control the energy storage device 1 by receiving commands from the energy manager 31b, and can transmit the status of the energy storage device 1 to the energy manager 31b. The energy manager 31b may be provided in the energy storage device 1 or in a higher-level system of the energy storage device 1.

The energy manager 31b can receive information such as rate information, power usage, and environmental information, and control the energy storage device 1 according to the user's energy production, storage, and consumption patterns. The energy manager 31b may be provided as an operating system for monitoring and controlling the power manager 31a.

The controller that controls the overall operation of the energy storage device 1 may include the power manager 31a and/or the energy manager 31b. Depending on the embodiment, either the power manager 31a or the energy manager 31b may perform the other function. Additionally, the power manager 31a and the energy manager 31b may be integrated into one controller and provided as one unit.

Meanwhile, the installed capacity of the energy storage device 1 varies depending on the customer's installation conditions, and can be expanded to the required capacity by connecting a plurality of power converters 32 and batteries 35.

The energy storage device 1 may be connected to at least one power generation device (see 3 in FIG. 2) separately from the system 9. The power generation device 3 is a wind power generator that outputs direct current power, a hydroelectric power generator that outputs direct current power using water power, a tidal power generator that outputs direct current power using tidal power, or a power generator that uses heat such as geothermal heat. It may include a thermal power generation device that outputs direct current power. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the description will focus on the solar power generation device as the power generation device 3.

Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of a home energy service system including an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, the energy storage device 1 may be connected to a system 9 such as a power plant 8, a power generation device such as a solar power generator 3, and a plurality of loads 7x1 and 7y1.

Electrical energy generated by the solar generator 3 can be converted in the PV inverter 4 and supplied to the system 9, the energy storage device 1, and the loads 7x1 and 7y1. As explained with reference to FIG. 3, depending on the installation type, the electrical energy generated by the solar generator 3 is converted in the energy storage device 1 and distributed to the system 9, the energy storage device 1, and the loads (7x1). , 7y1) may also be supplied.

Meanwhile, the energy storage device 1 is equipped with one or more wireless communication modules and can communicate with the terminal 6. The user can monitor and control the status of the energy storage device 1 and the home energy service system through the terminal 6. Additionally, the home energy service system can provide cloud (5)-based services. The user can monitor and control the status of the home energy service system by communicating with the cloud (5) through the terminal (6) regardless of location.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-described battery 35, battery manager 34, and power converter 32 may be disposed inside one casing 12. The battery 35, battery manager 34, and power converter 32, which are integrated into one casing 12, can store and convert power and can be called an all-in-one energy storage device 1a. .

In addition, separate enclosures (1b) outside the casing (12) include components for power distribution such as a power manager (31a), an automatic transfer switch (ATS), a smart meter, and switches, and terminals (6). ), a communication module for communication with the cloud 5, etc. may be deployed. A configuration in which components related to power distribution and management are integrated into one enclosure (1) may be named a smart energy box (1b).

The above-described power manager 31a can be accommodated in the smart energy box 1b. A controller that controls the overall power supply connection of the energy storage device 1 may be placed in the smart energy box 1b. The controller may be the power manager 31a described above.

In addition, the smart energy box (1b) accommodates switches, connected to the grid power * (8, 9), a solar generator (3), a battery (35) of the all-in-one energy storage device (1a), and loads (7x1, You can control the connection status of 7y1). Loads 7x1 and 7y1 may be connected to the smart energy box 1b through load panels 7x2 and 7y2.

Meanwhile, the smart energy box (1b) is connected to the grid power sources (8, 9) and the solar generator (3). In addition, when a power outage occurs in the systems 8 and 9, an automatic transfer switch (ATS) is switched so that the electric energy produced by the solar generator 3 or stored in the battery 35 is supplied to a predetermined load 7y1. ) can be placed in the smart energy box (1b).

Alternatively, the power manager 31a may perform the automatic transfer switch (ATS) function. For example, when a power outage occurs in the systems 8 and 9, the power manager 31a is configured to transfer the electrical energy produced by the solar generator 3 or stored in the battery 35 to a predetermined load (7y1). ), you can control switches such as relays to supply power.

Meanwhile, current sensors, smart meters, etc. may be placed in each current supply path. The electricity produced through the energy storage device (1) and the solar generator (3) can be measured and managed through a smart meter (at least a current sensor).

The energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least an all-in-one energy storage device 1a. In addition, the energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an all-in-one energy storage device 1a and a smart energy box 1b, thereby enabling simple and efficient storage, supply, distribution, communication, and control of power. We can provide integrated services that can be performed through .

Meanwhile, the energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may operate in multiple operation modes. In the PV self-consumption mode, solar power generation power is first used in the load, and the remaining power is stored in the energy storage device (1). For example, if the solar generator 3 generates more power than the usage of the loads 7x1 and 7y1 during the day, the battery 35 is charged.

In the rate-based charge/discharge mode, four time zones can be set and input, and the battery 35 can be discharged during times when electricity rates are high and the battery 35 can be charged during times when electricity rates are low. The energy storage device 1 can help users save on electricity bills through a rate-based charge/discharge mode.

Backup-only mode is a mode to prepare for emergency situations such as power outages. When a typhoon is predicted in the weather forecast or there is a possibility of other power outages, the battery (35) is charged to the maximum and supplied as an essential load (7y1) in an emergency. It can operate with the highest priority.

Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of an energy storage device including a plurality of battery packs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of battery packs 10 arranged in a vertical direction, and a casing that forms a space where the plurality of battery packs 10 are arranged. (12), including a door 28 that opens and closes the front of the casing 12.

The casing 12 may have a front opening. The casing 12 includes a casing rear wall 14 covering the rear, a pair of casing side walls 20 extending forward from both ends of the casing rear wall 14, and a pair of casing side walls 20 extending forward from the top of the casing rear wall 14. It may include a casing top wall 24 extending forward, and a casing base 26 extending forward from the bottom of the casing rear wall 14. The casing rear wall 14 includes a pack fastening portion 16 formed to be fastened to the battery pack 10.

Switches 22a and 22b that turn on/off the power of the energy storage device 1 may be disposed on one of the pair of casing side walls 20. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first switch 22a and the second switch 22b are disposed, and the power is turned on only by the switching combination of the first and second switches 22a and 22b, so that the energy storage device 1 is turned on. Safety can be strengthened.

Inside the casing 12, a power converter 32 (PCS: Power Conditioning System), which converts the characteristics of electricity for charging or discharging the battery, is included in the battery pack 10 and/or the battery pack 10. A battery management system (BMS) that monitors information such as current, voltage, and temperature of battery cells may be deployed.

The power converter 32 includes a circuit board 33 and a switching element 33a (for example, an insulated gate bipolar transistor; IGBT) may be included.

The battery manager 34 is disposed inside the battery pack circuit board (not shown) and the casing 12 disposed in each of the plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d, and includes the plurality of battery pack circuit boards and communication lines ( It may include a main circuit board (34a) connected to (not shown).

The main circuit board 34a may be connected to the battery pack circuit board 220 disposed in each of the plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d through a communication line. The main circuit board 34a may be connected to a power line (not shown) extending from the battery pack 10.

A plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are disposed inside the casing 12. A plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d may be arranged in a vertical direction. Each of the plurality of battery packs 10 is fixedly disposed in the casing 12. Each of the plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d is fastened to the pack fastening portion 16 disposed on the rear casing wall 14.

Each battery pack 10 may include at least one battery module (not shown) including a plurality of battery cells connected in series or parallel. For example, the battery pack 10 may include a battery module assembly (not shown) consisting of two battery modules (not shown) that are electrically connected to each other and physically fixed. The battery module assembly may include a first battery module and a second battery module arranged to face each other. The first and second battery modules each include a sensing board (not shown) that senses information about a plurality of battery cells, and the battery pack circuit board collects sensing information of the first and second battery modules from the sensing board. It can be transmitted to the battery manager 34.

The energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes internal components such as a battery 35 capable of storing electricity, a power converter 32 responsible for the input and output of the battery 35, and the battery 35. Includes a thermal management system to regulate temperature.

The ESS thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure recovers waste heat generated from the battery 35, power converter 32, reactor, etc. when the system is driven, and discharges the recovered waste heat to the outside to heat the battery 35, It is a water-cooled temperature control system to improve system efficiency by reducing the temperature of the power converter 32. When using an existing air-cooled thermal management system, heat recovery efficiency is low, so the temperature of each component in the system may be high. When the temperature of the battery is kept stable within a certain temperature range when charging and discharging the battery, the charging and discharging speed within the battery increases, which has the advantage of increasing battery use efficiency.

According to the present disclosure, as a thermal management system, the energy storage device 1 includes a cooling module 40 that cools internal components such as the battery pack 10 and the PCS board 33. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cooling module 40 can cool the battery pack 10, the PCS board 33, etc. using a water cooling method.

For example, a battery cooling plate 50 is disposed in response to each battery pack 10, and coolant circulates between the cooling module 40 and the battery cooling plate 50 along the coolant flow path 60 to cool the battery pack. (10) can be cooled. The coolant flow path 60 includes an inlet flow path 60b through which coolant flows from the cooling module 40 into the battery cooling plate 50, and an outlet flow path through which coolant is discharged from the battery cooling plate 50 to the cooling module 40 ( 60a) may be included.

Considering the problems of coolant supply and leakage, a coolant with insulation performance is applied, and a coolant that can be used even at low temperatures is more preferable.

The cooling module 40 includes a pump for circulating coolant, a heat exchanger for discharging waste heat recovered during system operation through heat exchange with the air, and the coolant heated according to waste heat recovery is cooled to the minimum ambient temperature and circulated. You can do it.

The cooling module 40 is supported by a plate 41 and can be in contact with a PCS board, etc. through the plate 41.

The thermal management system includes a battery-side water block (battery cooling plate 50), a PCS-side water block, a reactor-side water block, etc. to cool each part other than the cooling module 40.

The battery-side water blocks are configured to increase proportionally according to the number of battery modules applied, and are configured so that the normal coolant flow rate is supplied equally to each water block.

The water block, which is composed of each heating element part, has coolant flowing inside it and is configured to recover waste heat through surface contact with the heating element. In order to efficiently operate the thermal management system, a temperature sensor is placed at the rear end of the water block for each component to detect the outlet water temperature.

In addition, the thermal management system applies a valve to switch the coolant flow path as needed, and the flow rate of the fluid supplied to each heating unit is variable, thereby controlling the temperature of the heating unit to maintain the temperature within the target temperature range. can do.

The power manager 31a or the battery manager 34 may be a controller that also controls the thermal management system. Alternatively, the thermal management system may have a separate controller. Sensing information such as temperature sensors is transmitted to the controller, and the controller can control the operation mode of the thermal management system and the operation (opening/closing, opening degree control) of the pump, fan, and valve.

If the condition is to preheat the parts in the system, some power is consumed by controlling the reactive power of the PCS without using the heat exchanger by controlling the open/close valve (ex, 1-way valve) placed on the coolant inlet side of the heat exchanger. Heat is generated, and the waste heat generated at this time is recovered to preheat the battery. The battery preheated through this control increases the battery charge capacity and charging speed, allowing the ESS system to be operated more efficiently. In this way, the ESS thermal management system can expand the operating range of the system by improving the battery operating range and charging speed through cooling in high temperature conditions and preheating in low temperature conditions.

In the case of household ESS products, four operating modes can be configured depending on operating conditions.

The first operating mode is PCS and battery cooling mode. PCS and battery cooling mode is when heat is generated from the PCS, battery, and reactor due to the use of ESS batteries. The waste heat generated from each heating part can be recovered and released into the atmosphere through a heat exchanger.

The second operation mode is a low outdoor temperature operation and standby mode, and is a PCS cooling and battery heating mode to cool the battery with coolant heated through heat generation from the PCS. The heat exchanger is not used in PCS cooling and battery heating modes.

The third operation mode is a battery-only cooling mode to improve battery efficiency by cooling the battery module when only the PCS is cooled after the end of normal operation. The battery exclusive cooling mode is an operation mode for additional battery cooling when only the PCS with a small thermal mass is cooled early at the end of system operation.

The fourth operation mode is PCS exclusive cooling mode. The PCS exclusive cooling mode is an operation mode mainly used to cool the PCS when the operation time is short or the output is low, so the battery generates little heat, but only the PCS generates high heat.

Since the heat exchanger is always exposed to the external environment (outside air temperature), heat loss may occur when coolant (fluid) flows, and heat loss may be greater in a cryogenic environment.

Below, with reference to the drawings, a thermal management system that can reduce heat loss and stably manage temperature even in a very low temperature environment will be described in detail.

FIG. 4 is a diagram referenced in the description of the cooling mode of the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrates a typical cooling mode operation.

3 and 4, the thermal management system of the energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a pump 42 that flows coolant, and the coolant flowing by the pump 42. It may include a heat exchanger 43 that exchanges heat with air, and a heat dissipation fan 44 that supplies external air to the heat exchanger 43. Depending on the embodiment, the heat dissipation fan 44 may include a first heat dissipation fan 44a and a second heat dissipation fan 44b. Additionally, the rotation speed of the heat dissipation fan 44 may vary in response to the temperature of the cooling water.

The pump 42 flows coolant, and the coolant flowing into the battery cooling plate 50 on the battery pack 10 side can cool the battery pack 10. A plurality of battery packs (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) are arranged in a vertical direction, and one or more battery cooling plates 50 may be arranged for each battery pack (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d).

In addition, inside the casing 12, a power converter 32 operates to charge or discharge the battery pack 10, and a power converter that cools the power converter 32 by contacting the power converter 32. A water block 420 is disposed.

The pump 42 flows coolant to the plurality of battery cooling plates 50 and the power converter water block 420. In the cooling mode, the plurality of battery cooling plates 50 and the power converter water block 420 can cool the corresponding battery pack 10 and power converter 32 by receiving low-temperature cooling water.

Meanwhile, the battery cooling plate 50 receives coolant through the inlet passage 491 and discharges the coolant through the outlet passage 492. A valve 710 is disposed in the inlet passage 491 to control the supply of coolant to the battery cooling plate 50 corresponding to each battery pack 10a, 10b, 10c 10d. The valve 710 is disposed at a location where the inlet passage 491 branches to the battery cooling plate 50 corresponding to each battery pack 10a, 10b, 10c 10d, and provides a path for supplying coolant, the battery cooling plate. (50) can be controlled.

Depending on the embodiment, the valve 710 may be composed of a combination of a plurality of valves. For example, the valve 710 has on-off valves equal to the number of battery packs (10a, 10b, 10c 10d), and the on-off valves are configured to cool the batteries corresponding to the battery packs (10a, 10b, 10c 10d), respectively. It can be placed in a position branched by the plate 50. Alternatively, the valve 710 may be provided with a plurality of three-way valves having one inlet port and two outlet ports. For example, it is possible to control whether or not coolant is supplied from one first-stage three-way valve through which coolant flows to two two-stage three-way valves, and the amount of coolant supplied. The two two-stage three-way valves are connected to the battery cooling plates 50 corresponding to the two battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d, and determine whether to supply coolant to each battery cooling plate 50, The supply amount of coolant can be controlled. In some cases, a valve 720 that operates in conjunction with the valve 710 may also be disposed in the outlet passage 492.

Meanwhile, in the preheating mode, the coolant whose temperature has risen passing through the power converter water block 42 is applied to the plurality of battery cooling plates so that the plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are sequentially preheated one by one. It can be supplied sequentially to (50).

In the preheating mode, the valve 710 supplies the coolant to the battery cooling plate 50 corresponding to one of the plurality of battery packs 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d, and the one battery pack When the temperature is above the reference temperature, the one battery pack can start charging. After the one battery pack starts charging, the valve 710 cools the battery corresponding to the other battery pack adjacent to the one battery pack. The cooling water can be supplied to the plate 50.

Sequential preheating and charging according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be more effective in a cryogenic environment. The energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an outdoor temperature sensor (not shown) that measures the outdoor temperature.

The valve 710 supplies the coolant, whose temperature has risen as it passes through the power converter water block 420, to the plurality of battery cooling plates 50 at the same time, when the outside air temperature measured by the outside air temperature sensor is lower than the standard value. When it is lowered, it can be operated to sequentially supply power to the plurality of battery cooling plates 50.

Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams referenced in the description of simultaneous heating and simultaneous charging of battery packs. Figure 5(a) illustrates simultaneous heating of all battery cells, Figure 5(b) illustrates simultaneous charging of all battery cells, and Figure 6 models the simultaneous heating and charging of Figure 5.

The battery 35 may not be charged in a low temperature environment (e.g. below 0 degrees). Therefore, to prevent the battery temperature from falling below 0 degrees, preheating must be performed in sub-zero conditions.

Referring to Figures 5 and 6, coolant at a predetermined temperature is supplied to the battery cooling plate 50 of the battery pack 10 through the flow path 60, so that all battery cells are simultaneously heated. If you want to preheat 1,200 battery cells at once, a large amount of heat must be brought in from the power converter 32 at once, so the amount of reactive power must be increased and the preheating time may take a long time.

When designing the entire battery 35 as an integrated unit, a large amount of stored electricity must be consumed for preheating. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery pack 10 is manufactured in a modular form, and a plurality of battery packs (10) are manufactured in a modular form. ) is electrically connected to form the battery 35. This modular design allows the battery to be split to improve heating performance.

7 to 10 are diagrams referenced in the description of sequential heating and sequential charging of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

7 to 9 illustrate a case where three modular battery packs 10a, 10b, and 10c are sequentially heated and charged.

Referring to FIG. 7, the valve 710 is controlled to allow the hot flow coming from the power converter 32 side to flow into the battery cooling plate 50 on the first battery pack 10a side to cool the first battery pack 10a. It can be heated. The preheated first battery pack 10a can be charged.

Referring to FIG. 8, since charging of the first battery pack 10a has already been completed, the temperature increases due to heat generation. In addition, by controlling the valve 710, the hot flow from the power converter 32 can be introduced into the battery cooling plate 50 on the second battery pack 10b to heat the second battery pack 10b. . The preheated second battery pack 10b can be charged.

Referring to FIG. 9, since charging of the first battery pack 10a and the second battery pack 10b has already been completed, the temperature increases due to heat generation. In addition, by controlling the valve 710, the hot flow from the power converter 32 can be introduced into the battery cooling plate 50 on the third battery pack 10c side to heat the third battery pack 10c. . The preheated third battery pack 10c can be charged.

Figure 10 illustrates a case where sequential heating is applied in the modeling of Figure 6. Referring to FIG. 10, preheating can be performed by sending fluid to only one of the three battery packs (1010, 1020, and 1030) (1010). If three battery packs (1010, 1020, 1030) each have 400 battery cells, heating the 400 battery cells of one battery pack (1010) reduces the amount of heat by 1/3, which is advantageous in terms of ESS efficiency. do.

Additionally, when heating the next battery pack 1020 in sequence, it can be preheated with a smaller amount of heat depending on the heat generated from the preheated battery pack 1010 and the increased temperature.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, product efficiency can be increased through split heating of the batteries, and the battery 10 packs can be replaced for each pack, thereby improving maintenance, repair, and management convenience.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the plurality of packs 10 include a first battery pack 10a, a second battery pack 10b, and a third battery pack 10c arranged in the vertical direction, The valve 710 may first supply the coolant to the battery cooling plate 50 corresponding to the second battery pack 10b located in the middle. Accordingly, some of the heat of the second battery pack (10b) is transferred to the first battery pack (10a) and the third battery pack (10c) on the upper and lower sides, and the first battery pack (10a) is heated with less energy and time. and the third battery pack 10c can be preheated.

When the plurality of packs 10 include a first battery pack (10a), a second battery pack (10b), a third battery pack (10c), and a fourth battery pack (10d) arranged in the vertical direction, The valve 710 may first supply the coolant to the battery cooling plate 50 corresponding to the second battery pack 10b or the third battery pack 10c located in the middle. Accordingly, the heat of the battery pack that is preheated first can be used to preheat other battery packs.

The coolant discharged from the battery cooling plate 50 may flow into the coolant circulation passage 458. A T-type connector 474 is disposed at a location where the outlet passage 492 of the battery cooling plate 50 and the sixth coolant circulation passage 457 through which the coolant bypasses the battery cooling plate 50 meet, The outlet passage 92 of the battery cooling plate 50 and the sixth coolant circulation passage 457 are combined into the coolant circulation passage 458.

A first heat exchanger flow path 461 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 43, and a second heat exchanger flow path 462 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 43. The first heat exchanger passage 461 is connected to the coolant circulation passage 458, and the second heat exchanger passage 462 is connected to the pump 42 through the seventh coolant circulation passage 459. .

The thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a bypass flow path structure 300 for cooling water to bypass the heat exchanger 43.

The bypass flow path structure 300 has one end connected between the coolant circulation flow path 458 and the first heat exchange flow path 461, and the other end connected to the second heat exchange flow path 462 and the pump 42. It includes a bypass passage 320 connected therebetween, and a bypass valve 310 disposed in the bypass passage 320 to open and close the bypass passage 320.

A bypass passage 320 is created between the first heat exchanger passage 461 on the inlet side of the heat exchanger 41 and the seventh coolant circulation passage 459 on the pump 42 side, and a bypass valve 310 is formed. The flow of coolant through the bypass passage 320 can be controlled by on/off control. By opening the bypass passage 320, heat loss can be reduced by sending coolant (fluid) to the pump 42 side rather than the heat exchanger 43 side that exchanges heat with the outside.

More preferably, a heat exchanger valve 415 is disposed in the first heat exchanger passage 461, and the first heat exchanger passage 461 is opened and closed by on/off control of the heat exchanger valve 415. You can. The bypass valve 310 and the heat exchanger valve 415 are composed of a 1-way valve that is cheaper than a three-way valve or a four-way valve, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost.

The bypass passage structure 300 includes a T-type connector 330 disposed at a location where the coolant circulation passage 458, the first heat exchanger passage 461, and the bypass passage 320 meet, and, It may further include a T-type connector 340 disposed at a location where the bypass passage 320, the second heat exchange passage 462, and the pump 42 meet. In this case, the T-type connector 330 may be connected to the flow path 463 on the heat exchanger valve 415 side.

The energy storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes an outdoor temperature sensor (not shown) that measures the outdoor temperature, and operates the bypass valve 310 and the heat exchanger based on the outdoor temperature. The valve 415 can be controlled. In particular, when the outside temperature becomes lower than the cryogenic reference value, the operation may be performed so that the coolant does not pass through the heat exchanger 43.

When the pump 42 operates, the coolant is supplied along the first coolant circulation passage 401, and the second coolant circulation passages 452 and 453 branched from the first coolant circulation passage 401 and the first coolant circulation passage 401. 3 It can be distributed to the cooling water circulation passage 451.

The second coolant circulation passages 452 and 453 are passages that supply coolant to the power converter 32 and are connected to the water block 420 on the power converter 32 side. The coolant discharged from the pump 43 can be supplied to the water block 420 on the power converter 32 side through the first coolant circulation passage 401 and the second coolant circulation passage 452 and 453. there is. Meanwhile, the coolant discharged from the water block 420 on the power converter 32 side flows into the PCS flow path 463.

Meanwhile, the third coolant circulation passage 451 is a passage that supplies coolant to the battery pack 10. In more detail, coolant may be supplied to the battery cooling plate 50, which is a battery-side water block.

Meanwhile, the energy storage device 1 may include one or more reactors 431 and 432 for voltage/current stabilization. For example, the energy storage device 1 includes a first reactor 431 that stabilizes rapid changes in current applied from the AC power source, and a second reactor (431) that stabilizes rapid changes in current applied from the battery pack 10. 432) may be included.

Additionally, the energy storage device 1 may include reactor water blocks 441 and 442 that cool the reactors 431 and 432. The reactor water blocks 441 and 442 may be in contact with the reactors 431 and 432 and cool the reactors 431 and 432 with cooling water supplied from the cooling module 40. The coolant in the reactor water blocks 441 and 442 may be discharged back into the reactor passages 465 and 464.

A T-type connector 471 is disposed in the second coolant circulation passage (452, 453) to distribute the coolant to the second coolant circulation passage (453) and the passage (454) on the side of the reactor water block (441, 442). can do.

In the case where the first reactor 431 and the second reactor 432 are provided, the energy storage device 1 is a T-type that evenly distributes the coolant back to the first reactor 431 and the second reactor 432. It may further include a connector 472.

Meanwhile, the PCS passage 463 and the reactor passages 465 and 464 may be combined into the fourth coolant circulation passage 455. Accordingly, the coolant discharged from the power converter water block 420 and the reactor water blocks 441 and 442 flows into the fourth coolant circulation passage 455.

Meanwhile, the fourth coolant circulation passage 455 is branched into a fifth coolant circulation passage 456 and a sixth coolant circulation passage 457. The fifth coolant circulation passage 456 is a passage that supplies coolant to the battery cooling plate 50 on the battery pack 10 side, and the sixth coolant circulation passage 457 supplies coolant to the battery pack 10 side. It is a flow path that flows toward the heat exchanger (43) without passing through.

A T-type connector 473 may be disposed at a location where the third coolant circulation passage 451 and the fifth coolant circulation passage 456 meet.

The seventh coolant circulation passage 459 is connected to the second heat exchange passage 462 and the bypass passage 320 and discharges water from the second heat exchange passage 462 and the bypass passage 320. Cooling water flows to the pump 42.

Meanwhile, a first three-way valve 411 is disposed in the first coolant circulation passage 401. The first three-way valve 411 is disposed at a location where the first to third coolant circulation passages 401, 453, and 451 meet, and flows coolant from the first coolant circulation passage 401 into the second coolant circulation passage. It can be distributed to (453) and the third coolant circulation passage (451).

A second three-way valve 413 is disposed in the fourth coolant circulation passage 455. The second three-way valve 413 is disposed at a location where the fourth coolant circulation passage 455, the fifth coolant circulation passage 456, and the sixth coolant circulation passage 457 meet, and the fourth coolant circulation passage 457 It operates so that the coolant in the circulation passage 455 is selectively supplied to the fifth coolant circulation passage 456 or the sixth coolant circulation passage 457.

Meanwhile, a first three-way valve 41 is disposed in the first coolant circulation passage 401. The first three-way valve 411 is disposed at a location where the first to third coolant circulation passages 401, 453, and 451 meet, and flows coolant from the first coolant circulation passage 401 into the second coolant circulation passage. It can be distributed to (453) and the third coolant circulation passage (451).

A second three-way valve 413 is disposed in the fourth coolant circulation passage 455. The second three-way valve 413 is disposed at a location where the fourth coolant circulation passage 455, the fifth coolant circulation passage 456, and the sixth coolant circulation passage 457 meet, and the fourth coolant circulation passage 455 It operates so that the coolant in the circulation passage 455 is selectively supplied to the fifth coolant circulation passage 956 or the sixth coolant circulation passage 457.

Meanwhile, the controller may control the thermal management system based on the coolant temperature detected by the temperature sensors 481 and 482. For example, a first temperature sensor 481 is disposed in the eighth coolant circulation passage 459, and a second temperature sensor 482 is disposed in the coolant circulation passage 458 to detect the coolant temperature. there is.

Meanwhile, when cooling the battery 35, it can be cooled simultaneously in the same way as the integrated type.

Referring to FIG. 4, the pump 42 operates, and coolant is supplied to the first coolant circulation passage 401. In cooling mode, the first three-way valve 411 may distribute the coolant supplied from the pump 42 to the second coolant circulation passages 452 and 453 and the third coolant circulation passage 451. . The second three-way valve 413 supplies coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage 455 to the sixth coolant circulation passage 457.

Meanwhile, the bypass valve 310 closes the bypass passage 320, and the heat exchanger valve 415 opens the first heat exchanger passage 461 to exchange heat. Cooling water is heat exchanged in unit 43.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the energy storage device 1 operates in a cryogenic environment, heat loss in the radiator can be reduced by bypassing the coolant (fluid) without sending it to the heat exchanger 43. there is. Since the coolant does not pass through the heat exchanger (43), heat loss can be minimized and the product can be operated at a lower ambient temperature than existing systems.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when performing bypass operation, two on/off valves 410 and 415 are installed at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger to prevent coolant from flowing into the heat exchanger 43. It can be installed in . If bypass flow is required, the flow can be easily changed by controlling the valves 410 and 415. In addition, on/off valves have the advantage of being cheaper than three-way valves and four-way valves, so production costs are reduced during mass production.

When the outside temperature measured by the outside temperature sensor becomes lower than the reference value, the bypass valve 310 opens the bypass passage 320, and the heat exchange valve 415 opens the first heat exchange passage. (461) can be closed

If the coolant bypasses the heat exchanger 43, heat loss is reduced because heat exchange is not performed. In addition, there is the advantage of being able to operate in lower outdoor air conditions as losses are reduced.

FIG. 11 is a diagram referenced in the description of the preheating mode of the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11, in the preheating mode, the pump 42 operates, and the first three-way valve 411 directs the coolant supplied to the first coolant circulation passage 401 into the second coolant circulation passage 452. , 453). That is, all of the coolant supplied through the pump 42 is supplied to the PCS (32) & Reactor (431, 432) through the first three-way valve (411).

The second three-way valve 413 supplies coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage 455 to the fifth coolant circulation passage 456, and is discharged at a low temperature through the battery cooling plate 50. The bypass valve 310 opens the bypass passage 320, and the heat exchange valve 415 closes the first heat exchange passage 461. Accordingly, the low-temperature cooling water is not supplied to the heat exchanger 43 but is bypassed. This is because when coolant is supplied to the heat exchanger 43, the temperature of the coolant is further reduced due to the low outside temperature.

The opening amount of the first three-way valve 411 is controlled so that the introduced coolant is supplied to the PCS (32) & Reactor (431, 432). PCS (32) & Reactor (431, 432) generates heat through reactive power control and heats the supplied cooling water. The coolant heated in this way is supplied to the battery pack 10 through the control of the second three-way valve 413, and is discharged at a low temperature after preheating the battery pack 10.

The coolant supplied to the battery pack 10 may be sequentially supplied to the battery packs 10 one by one under the control of the valve 710. For example, heated coolant is supplied to the battery cooling plate 50 of the first battery pack 10a. Thereafter, heated coolant is supplied to the battery cooling plate 50 of the second battery pack 10b. In this way, heated coolant can be supplied to the battery cooling plate 50 of the third battery pack 10c, and heated coolant can be supplied to the battery cooling plate 50 of the fourth battery pack 10d. .

More preferably, when the first battery pack 10a is placed at the top and the fourth battery pack 10d is placed at the bottom, the other first battery pack 10a and the third battery pack 10a are placed in the middle on the upper and lower sides. The second battery pack 10b containing the battery pack 10c may be preheated first. Alternatively, the third battery pack 10c, which has the second battery pack 10b and the fourth battery pack 10d on the upper and lower sides, may be preheated first.

Afterwards, when the temperature of the coolant and battery pack 10 rises above the target temperature, the system enters the normal operation mode.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery pack 10 can be preheated with a small amount of heat, and the energy storage device 1 can be stably driven.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, by controlling the temperature of the system more stably according to operating conditions, the overall efficiency of the system, battery life, charge/discharge speed, and efficiency can be improved.

In the above, preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and can be used in the technical field to which the invention pertains without departing from the gist of the present invention as claimed in the patent claims. Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and these modifications should not be understood individually from the technical idea or perspective of the present invention.

1: Energy storage device
10: Battery pack
12: Casing
32: Power converter
34: Battery manager

Claims (13)

A plurality of battery packs arranged in a vertical direction;
A casing forming a space therein to accommodate at least the plurality of battery packs;
a plurality of battery cooling plates disposed inside the casing and corresponding to each battery pack;
a power converter disposed inside the casing and operating to charge or discharge the battery pack;
a power converter water block in contact with the power converter;
a cooling module disposed inside the casing and including a pump that flows coolant to the plurality of battery cooling plates and the power converter water block; and,
In the preheating mode, a valve sequentially supplies coolant whose temperature has risen after passing through the power converter water block to the plurality of battery cooling plates so that the plurality of battery packs are sequentially preheated one by one. According to paragraph 1,
In the preheating mode,
The valve supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to one of the plurality of battery packs,
When the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the reference temperature, the battery pack starts charging,
After the start of charging of the one battery pack, the valve supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to another battery pack adjacent to the one battery pack. According to paragraph 1,
When the plurality of packs include a first battery pack, a second battery pack, and a third battery pack arranged in the vertical direction,
The valve is an energy storage device that first supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to the second battery pack located in the middle. According to paragraph 1,
When the plurality of packs include a first battery pack, a second battery pack, a third battery pack, and a fourth battery pack arranged in the vertical direction,
The valve is an energy storage device that first supplies the coolant to a battery cooling plate corresponding to the second or third battery pack located in the middle. According to paragraph 1,
It further includes an outside temperature sensor that measures the outside temperature,
The valve is,
The coolant whose temperature has risen as it passes through the power converter water block is simultaneously supplied to the plurality of battery cooling plates.
An energy storage device that operates to sequentially supply energy to the plurality of battery cooling plates when the outside temperature measured by the outside temperature sensor becomes lower than a standard value. According to paragraph 1,
The cooling module is,
An energy storage device further comprising a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with air and coolant flowing by the pump, and a heat dissipation fan that supplies external air to the heat exchanger. According to clause 6,
a coolant circulation passage through which coolant discharged from the battery cooling plate flows;
a first heat exchanger flow path connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger and the cooling water circulation flow path;
a second heat exchanger flow path connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger and the pump;
a bypass passage at one end connected between the cooling water circulation passage and the first heat exchange passage and at the other end connected between the second heat exchange passage and the pump;
a bypass valve disposed in the bypass passage and opening and closing the bypass passage; and,
An energy storage device comprising: a heat exchanger valve disposed in the first heat exchanger flow path to open and close the first heat exchanger flow path. In clause 7,
It further includes an outside temperature sensor that measures the outside temperature,
When the outside temperature measured by the outside temperature sensor is lower than the standard value,
The bypass valve opens the bypass passage,
The heat exchanger valve is an energy storage device that closes the first heat exchanger flow path. In clause 7,
a first coolant circulation passage through which the coolant is supplied from the pump;
a second coolant circulation flow path branched from the first coolant circulation flow path and supplying the coolant to the first flow path;
a third coolant circulation flow path branched from the first coolant circulation flow path to supply the coolant to the battery pack;
a fourth coolant circulation flow path through which the coolant flowing from the second flow path flows;
a fifth coolant circulation flow path branched from the fourth coolant circulation flow path and supplying the coolant to the battery pack;
a sixth cooling water circulation passage branched from the fourth cooling water circulation passage and supplying the cooling water to the heat exchanger; and,
The energy storage device further includes a seventh coolant circulation flow path connected to the second heat exchange flow path and the bypass flow path and flowing the coolant discharged from the second heat exchange flow path and the bypass flow path to the pump. According to clause 9,
a first three-way valve distributing coolant from the first coolant circulation passage to the second coolant circulation passage and the third coolant circulation passage; and,
An energy storage device further comprising a second three-way valve that allows coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage to be selectively supplied to the fifth coolant circulation passage or the sixth coolant circulation passage. According to clause 10,
In cooling mode,
The first three-way valve distributes the coolant supplied from the pump to the second coolant circulation passage and the third coolant circulation passage,
The second three-way valve supplies coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage to the sixth coolant circulation passage,
The bypass valve closes the bypass passage,
The heat exchanger valve is an energy storage device that opens the first heat exchanger flow path. According to clause 10,
In the preheating mode,
The first three-way valve supplies coolant supplied from the pump to the second coolant circulation passage,
The second three-way valve supplies coolant from the fourth coolant circulation passage to the battery cooling plate,
The bypass valve opens the bypass passage,
The heat exchanger valve is an energy storage device that closes the first heat exchanger flow path. According to clause 9,
reactor;
a reactor water block in contact with the reactor;
An energy storage device further comprising a T-type connector disposed in the second coolant circulation passage to distribute the coolant to the reactor water block.

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