KR20240003183A - Boil Off Gas treatment system using liquid air - Google Patents

Boil Off Gas treatment system using liquid air Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20240003183A
KR20240003183A KR1020220080345A KR20220080345A KR20240003183A KR 20240003183 A KR20240003183 A KR 20240003183A KR 1020220080345 A KR1020220080345 A KR 1020220080345A KR 20220080345 A KR20220080345 A KR 20220080345A KR 20240003183 A KR20240003183 A KR 20240003183A
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gas
refrigerant
liquefied
air
boil
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KR1020220080345A
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Korean (ko)
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이인규
문하늘
노원준
박시환
김현철
오시은
서주영
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부산대학교 산학협력단
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Priority to KR1020220080345A priority Critical patent/KR20240003183A/en
Publication of KR20240003183A publication Critical patent/KR20240003183A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/02—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop

Abstract

본 발명은 액화천연가스의 증발가스 냉각에 사용된 폐냉매를 친환경적으로 처리할 수 있으면서도, 증발가스 냉각 효율을 높일 수 있는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 액화천연가스 저장탱크에서 생성된 초기 증발가스를 이송하는 1차 이송라인을 포함하는 1차 이송부, 상기 1차 이송라인의 출구단을 통과한 초기 증발가스를 냉각시키도록, 액화공기 냉매를 공급하는 냉매 공급부, 상기 초기 증발가스를 상기 액화공기 냉매가 기화되어 생성된 기체 공기와 열교환하여 냉각시키는 1차 열교환기 및 상기 기체 공기와의 열교환을 통해 냉각된 증발가스를 기액분리하여 생성된 액체 성분인 재액화물을 상기 액화천연가스 저장탱크로 이송하는 재액화부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention relates to a system for processing evaporated gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, which can treat waste refrigerant used for cooling evaporated gas of liquefied natural gas in an environmentally friendly manner while increasing cooling efficiency of evaporated gas. A primary transfer unit including a primary transfer line for transporting the initial evaporation gas generated in the gas storage tank, and a refrigerant supply unit for supplying liquefied air refrigerant to cool the initial evaporation gas passing through the outlet end of the primary transfer line. , a primary heat exchanger that cools the initial boil-off gas by exchanging heat with gaseous air generated by vaporization of the liquefied air refrigerant, and re-liquefaction, which is a liquid component produced by separating gas-liquid from the cooled boil-off gas through heat exchange with the gaseous air. It is characterized in that it includes a re-liquefaction unit that transfers the liquefied natural gas to the storage tank.

Description

액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템{Boil Off Gas treatment system using liquid air}Boil-off gas treatment system for liquefied natural gas using liquefied air {Boil Off Gas treatment system using liquid air}

본 발명은 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템으로서, 보다 상세하게는 액화천연가스 운송선에서 액화천연가스가 기화됨으로써 생성되는 증발가스를 재액화하기 위한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention is a liquefied natural gas evaporation gas treatment system using liquefied air, and more specifically, a liquefied natural gas using liquefied air to re-liquefy evaporation gas generated by vaporization of liquefied natural gas in a liquefied natural gas transport ship. It relates to the evaporation gas treatment system.

근래, 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG) 등의 액화가스의 소비량이 전 세계적으로 급증하는 추세이다. Recently, the consumption of liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly increasing worldwide.

이와 같은 액화천연가스는 메탄(methane)을 주성분으로 하는 천연가스를 약 -163℃로 냉각해서 액화시킴으로써 얻을 수 있는 무색투명한 액체로서, 천연가스와 비교해 약 1/600 정도의 부피를 가진다. 따라서, 천연가스를 액화시킬 경우, 매우 높은 운송 및 보관 효율을 지닐 수 있다. 또한, 액화천연가스를 비롯한 액화가스는 액화공정 중에 대기오염 물질을 제거하거나 줄일 수 있어, 연소시 대기오염 물질 배출이 적은 친환경 연료로도 볼 수 있다.This type of liquefied natural gas is a colorless and transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas containing methane as a main component by cooling it to about -163°C, and has a volume of about 1/600 of that of natural gas. Therefore, when natural gas is liquefied, it can have very high transportation and storage efficiency. In addition, liquefied gas, including liquefied natural gas, can remove or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, so it can be viewed as an eco-friendly fuel with low emissions of air pollutants during combustion.

그러나, 천연가스의 액화 온도는 상압 -163 ℃의 극저온이므로, 액화천연가스는 온도변화에 민감하여 쉽게 증발된다. 이로 인해 액화천연가스를 저장하는 저장탱크에는 단열처리를 하지만, 외부의 열이 저장탱크에 지속적으로 전달되므로 액화천연가스 수송과정에서 저장탱크 내에서는 지속적으로 액화천연가스가 자연 기화되면서 증발가스(Boil-Off Gas, BOG)가 발생한다.However, since the liquefaction temperature of natural gas is extremely low at -163°C at normal pressure, liquefied natural gas is sensitive to temperature changes and easily evaporates. For this reason, the storage tank that stores liquefied natural gas is insulated, but external heat is continuously transferred to the storage tank, so during the transportation of liquefied natural gas, liquefied natural gas is continuously naturally vaporized within the storage tank, producing boil-off gas (boil). -Off Gas, BOG) occurs.

증발가스는 일종의 손실로서 수송효율에 있어서 중요한 문제이다. 또한, 저장탱크 내에 증발가스가 축적되면 탱크 내압이 과도하게 상승할 수 있어, 심하면 탱크가 파손될 위험도 있다. 따라서, 저장탱크 내에서 발생하는 증발가스를 처리하기 위한 다양한 방법이 연구되는데, 최근에는 증발가스의 처리를 위해, 증발가스를 재액화하여 저장탱크로 복귀시키는 방법, 증발가스를 선박의 엔진 등 연료수요처의 에너지원으로 사용하는 방법 등이 사용되고 있다.Evaporation gas is a type of loss and is an important issue in transportation efficiency. In addition, if evaporation gas accumulates in the storage tank, the pressure inside the tank may increase excessively, and in severe cases, there is a risk of tank damage. Therefore, various methods are being studied to treat boil-off gas generated within the storage tank. Recently, for the treatment of boil-off gas, a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas and returning it to the storage tank, using the boil-off gas as fuel for ship engines, etc. Methods such as using it as an energy source for consumers are being used.

이와 같은 증발가스 처리 기술의 일 예로, 선행하는 한국 공개 특허 제 10-2017-0062227 호에는 가스추진선박의 연료탱크 BOG처리 시스템이 개시되어 있다. 또한, 상기 선행문헌에는 BOG 냉각효과를 극대화하고 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 가스추진선박의 연료탱크 BOG처리 시스템에 관한 일 설계안이 개시되어 있다.As an example of such evaporative gas treatment technology, the preceding Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0062227 discloses a fuel tank BOG treatment system for a gas-propelled ship. In addition, the prior literature discloses a design proposal for a fuel tank BOG processing system for a gas-propelled ship that can maximize the BOG cooling effect and treat it efficiently.

한편, BOG를 냉각하여 이를 재액화시키기 위해 다양한 냉매가 활용되며, 이러한 냉매는 BOG와의 열교환을 통해 승온되어 가스 상태의 폐냉매로 전환된다. 이때, 폐냉매를 대기중에 배출하여 폐기하고자 할 경우, 냉매에 포함된 유해성분, 예컨대 온실가스 성분 등으로 인해 환경오염이 유발될 수 있다는 문제점이 발생하게 된다.Meanwhile, various refrigerants are used to cool BOG and re-liquefy it, and these refrigerants are heated through heat exchange with BOG and converted into gaseous waste refrigerants. At this time, when waste refrigerant is disposed of by discharging it into the atmosphere, a problem arises that environmental pollution may be caused due to harmful components contained in the refrigerant, such as greenhouse gas components.

한국 공개 특허 제 10-2017-0062227 호Korean Public Patent No. 10-2017-0062227

상술한 과제 해결의 일환으로, 본 발명은 액화천연가스의 증발가스 냉각에 사용된 폐냉매를 친환경적으로 처리할 수 있으면서도, 증발가스 냉각 효율을 높일 수 있는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 제공하고자 하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. As part of solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is to process the waste refrigerant used for cooling the boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas in an environmentally friendly manner and to cool the boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, which can increase the cooling efficiency of the boil-off gas. The purpose is to provide a processing system.

본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템은, 액화천연가스 저장탱크에서 생성된 초기 증발가스를 이송하는 1차 이송라인을 포함하는 1차 이송부, 상기 1차 이송라인의 출구단을 통과한 초기 증발가스를 냉각시키도록, 액화공기 냉매를 공급하는 냉매 공급부, 상기 초기 증발가스를 상기 액화공기 냉매가 기화되어 생성된 기체 공기와 열교환하여 냉각시키는 1차 열교환기 및 상기 기체 공기와의 열교환을 통해 냉각된 증발가스를 기액분리하여 생성된 액체 성분인 재액화물을 상기 액화천연가스 저장탱크로 이송하는 재액화부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.The boil-off gas processing system of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air according to the present invention includes a primary transfer unit including a primary transfer line for transferring the initial boil-off gas generated in a liquefied natural gas storage tank, and a primary transfer line of the primary transfer line. A refrigerant supply unit that supplies liquefied air refrigerant to cool the initial evaporated gas that has passed through the outlet end, a primary heat exchanger that cools the initial evaporated gas by exchanging heat with gaseous air produced by evaporation of the liquefied air refrigerant, and the gas. It is characterized by comprising a re-liquefaction unit that transfers the re-liquefaction, which is a liquid component generated by separating gas and liquid from the cooled boil-off gas through heat exchange with air, to the liquefied natural gas storage tank.

또한, 상기 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템은,상기 1차 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 증발가스인 2차측 증발가스를 이송하는 2차 이송부 및 상기 2차측 증발가스를 상기 액화공기 냉매와 열교환시키는 2차 열교환기를 포함하고, 상기 재액화부는, 상기 2차 열교환기를 통과하여 냉각된 증발가스를 재액화시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the system for processing boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using the liquefied air includes a secondary transfer unit that transfers the secondary boil-off gas, which is the boil-off gas cooled by the primary heat exchanger, and a secondary transfer unit that transfers the secondary boil-off gas to the liquefied air refrigerant. and a secondary heat exchanger for heat exchange, and the re-liquefaction unit re-liquefies the boil-off gas cooled by passing through the secondary heat exchanger.

또한, 상기 냉매 공급부는, 상기 액화공기 냉매를 상기 2차 열교환기로 공급하여 상기 2차측 증발가스가 열교환되도록 한 다음, 상기 2차측 증발가스와 열교환됨으로써 기체화된 냉매인 상기 기체 공기를 상기 1차 열교환기로 공급하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the refrigerant supply unit supplies the liquefied air refrigerant to the secondary heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary evaporation gas, and then supplies the gaseous air, which is a refrigerant vaporized by heat exchange with the secondary evaporation gas, to the primary heat exchanger. It is characterized by being supplied to a heat exchanger.

또한, 상기 냉매 공급부는, 냉매 저장탱크, 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매를 상기 냉매 저장탱크로부터 상기 2차 열교환기로 공급하는 1차 냉매 라인, 상기 2차 열교환기에서 상기 2차측 증발가스와 열교환되어 조성된 냉매인 1차측 기체 공기를 상기 2차 열교환기로 재공급함으로써, 상기 1차측 기체 공기가 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매와 열교환되도록 하여 2차측 기체 공기를 조성하는 2차 냉매 라인 및 상기 2차측 기체 공기를 상기 1차 열교환기로 공급하는 3차 냉매라인을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the refrigerant supply unit includes a refrigerant storage tank, a primary refrigerant line that supplies the liquefied air refrigerant in the initial state from the refrigerant storage tank to the secondary heat exchanger, and heat exchanger with the secondary evaporation gas in the secondary heat exchanger. A secondary refrigerant line and a secondary refrigerant line for forming secondary gas air by resupplying the primary gas air, which is the formed refrigerant, to the secondary heat exchanger, thereby allowing the primary gas air to exchange heat with the initial state liquefied air refrigerant. It is characterized by comprising a tertiary refrigerant line that supplies gaseous air to the primary heat exchanger.

또한, 상기 냉매 공급부는, 상기 2차 냉매 라인에 설치되는 냉매 팽창기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Additionally, the refrigerant supply unit may include a refrigerant expander installed in the secondary refrigerant line.

본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 따르면, 액화천연가스의 증발가스 냉각용 냉매로서 공기 기반 물질이 사용되고, 이는 폐냉매로 전환된 후 대기로 배출되어도 환경 오염을 유발하지 않는 것이어서, 이를 통해 폐냉매의 대기 배출로 인한 환경 오염이 최소화되는 효과가 발생하게 된다.According to the liquefied natural gas boil-off gas treatment system using liquefied air according to the present invention, air-based materials are used as refrigerants for cooling the boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas, which do not cause environmental pollution even when converted to waste refrigerant and discharged into the atmosphere. This has the effect of minimizing environmental pollution caused by the emission of waste refrigerant into the air.

또한, 서로 상이한 온도로 조성된 냉매가 예냉용 및 과냉용으로 사용됨에 따라, 냉매의 사용 효율 및 증발가스 냉각 효율이 더욱 증진되는 효과가 발생하게 된다. In addition, as refrigerants formulated at different temperatures are used for precooling and subcooling, the use efficiency of the refrigerant and the evaporation gas cooling efficiency are further improved.

도 1은 본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 나타내는 구성도이다.Figure 1 is a configuration diagram showing a system for processing boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air according to the present invention.

본 발명의 구체적인 설명에 앞서, 본 발명을 실시하기 위한 구체적인 사항들은 다음에 기재할 실시 예 및 도면에 포함되어 있고, 명세서 전체에 걸쳐 기재된 동일 참조 부호는 동일 구성요소를 지칭한다.Prior to the detailed description of the present invention, specific details for carrying out the present invention are included in the following embodiments and drawings, and the same reference numerals used throughout the specification refer to the same components.

또한, 본 명세서에서의 단수형 표현들은 문구에서 특별히 언급하지 않는 이상 복수형도 포함한다 할 것이다.Additionally, singular expressions in this specification will also include plural forms unless specifically stated in the phrase.

이하, 도면들을 참조하여 본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템에 대해 설명하도록 한다. Hereinafter, a system for treating boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 나타내는 구성도이다.Figure 1 is a configuration diagram showing a system for processing boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air according to the present invention.

도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템(1000)은 1차 이송부(100), 1차 열교환기(200), 2차 이송부(300), 2차 열교환기(400), 재액화부(500) 및 냉매 공급부(600)를 포함할 수 있다.Referring to Figure 1, the boil-off gas processing system 1000 of liquefied natural gas utilizing liquefied air according to the present invention includes a primary transfer unit 100, a primary heat exchanger 200, a secondary transfer unit 300, and 2. It may include a primary heat exchanger 400, a reliquefaction unit 500, and a refrigerant supply unit 600.

그리고, 상기 1차 이송부(100)는 1차 이송라인(110)과, 압축기(120)를 포함할 수 있다. In addition, the primary transfer unit 100 may include a primary transfer line 110 and a compressor 120.

상기 1차 이송라인(110)은 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)가 저장된 액화천연가스 저장탱크(1)로부터 상기 액화천연가스가 기화되어 생성된 증발가스(Boil Off Gas, BOG)를 이송한다.The primary transfer line 110 transfers boil-off gas (BOG) generated by vaporizing the liquefied natural gas from the liquefied natural gas storage tank 1 where the liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored. do.

여기서, 상기 압축기(120)는 상기 1차 이송라인(110)을 따라 적어도 하나가 직렬 설치될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 상기 초기 증발가스(b1)는 상기 압축기(120)에 의해 적어도 1단 이상으로 압축될 수 있다.Here, at least one compressor 120 may be installed in series along the primary transfer line 110. Accordingly, the initial boil-off gas b1 may be compressed in at least one stage by the compressor 120.

그리고, 상기 1차 열교환기(200)는 고온부측 입구단이 상기 1차 이송라인(110)의 출구단과 연결된다. 또한, 상기 1차 열교환기(200)의 저온부측에는 냉매로 작용하는 저온의 기체 공기인 2차측 기체 공기(a3)가 통과한다. 이에 따라, 상기 1차 열교환기(200)로 유입된 상기 초기 증발가스(b1)는 상기 2차측 기체 공기(a3)와 열교환 및 냉각되어, 비교적 저온인 2차측 증발가스(b2)로 조성된다. In addition, the inlet end of the high temperature part of the primary heat exchanger 200 is connected to the outlet end of the primary transfer line 110. In addition, secondary gas air (a3), which is low-temperature gas air that acts as a refrigerant, passes through the low temperature side of the primary heat exchanger 200. Accordingly, the initial boil-off gas (b1) introduced into the primary heat exchanger 200 is heat-exchanged and cooled with the secondary gas air (a3), and is formed into a relatively low temperature secondary side boil-off gas (b2).

이때, 상기 2차측 증발가스(b2)는 상술한 1차 열교환기(200)에 의해 예냉된 증발가스로 이해될 수 있다. At this time, the secondary side boil-off gas (b2) can be understood as the boil-off gas pre-cooled by the primary heat exchanger 200 described above.

그리고, 상기 2차 이송부(300)는 입구단측이 1차 열교환기(200)의 고온부측 출구단과 연결된다. 또한, 상기 2차측 증발가스(b2)는 상기 2차 이송부(300)에 의해 이송될 수 있다.And, the inlet end of the secondary transfer unit 300 is connected to the outlet end of the high temperature part of the primary heat exchanger 200. Additionally, the secondary evaporation gas (b2) may be transported by the secondary transfer unit 300.

그리고, 상기 2차 열교환기(400)는 상기 2차측 증발가스(b2)를 과냉시킬 수 있다. 일 예로, 상기 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 고온부(410) 입구단은 2차 이송부(300)의 출구단과 연결될 수 있고, 상기 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 1 저온부(421)에는 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)가 통과될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 상기 2차측 증발가스(b2)는 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)와 열교환되어 냉각되고, 이를 통해 과냉된 증발가스인 3차측 증발가스(b3)가 조성될 수 있다. Additionally, the secondary heat exchanger 400 can supercool the secondary boil-off gas (b2). As an example, the inlet end of the high temperature part 410 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400 may be connected to the outlet end of the secondary transfer part 300, and the first low temperature part 421 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400 may be connected to the outlet end of the secondary transfer part 300. ), the liquefied air refrigerant (a1) in its initial state can pass through. Accordingly, the secondary boil-off gas (b2) is cooled by heat exchange with the liquefied air refrigerant (a1) in the initial state, and through this, the tertiary side boil-off gas (b3), which is a supercooled boil-off gas, can be formed.

그리고, 상기 재액화부(500)는 전처리물 유입부(510)와, 기액 분리기(520)와, 후처리물 유출부(530)를 포함할 수 있다.In addition, the re-liquefaction unit 500 may include a pre-treatment product inlet 510, a gas-liquid separator 520, and a post-treatment product outlet 530.

상기 전처리물 유입부(510)는 입구단이 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 고온부(410) 출구단과 연결되어, 상기 3차측 증발가스(b3)를 이송시킨다.The inlet end of the pretreatment material inlet 510 is connected to the outlet end of the secondary high temperature part 410 of the secondary heat exchanger 400, and transfers the tertiary boil-off gas (b3).

그리고, 상기 기액 분리기(520)는 전처리물 유입부(510)와 연결되어 상기 3차측 증발가스(b3)를 공급받은 후, 이를 기액 분리한다. 여기서, 상기 기액 분리기(520)에 의해 기액 분리된 결과물들 중 기체 성분은 엔진 등과 같은 각종 수요처(미도시), 소각로(미도시), 대기 등으로 이송 내지 배출될 수 있다. 그리고, 상기 기액 분리기(520)에 의해 분리된 액체 성분인 재액화물(rl)은 상기 후처리물 유출부(530)에 의해 액화천연가스 저장탱크(1)로 이송된다. In addition, the gas-liquid separator 520 is connected to the pretreatment material inlet 510 to receive the tertiary boil-off gas (b3) and then separates it into gas and liquid. Here, the gas component among the results of gas-liquid separation by the gas-liquid separator 520 may be transferred or discharged to various demand sources such as engines (not shown), incinerators (not shown), and the atmosphere. In addition, the re-liquefied product (rl), which is a liquid component separated by the gas-liquid separator 520, is transferred to the liquefied natural gas storage tank 1 through the post-processed product outlet 530.

여기서, 상기 재액화물(rl)은 액화천연가스로 이해될 수 있다. Here, the re-liquefied product (rl) can be understood as liquefied natural gas.

그리고, 상기 냉매 공급부(600)는 냉매 저장탱크(610)와, 1차 냉매 라인(620)과, 2차 냉매 라인(630)과, 3차 냉매 라인(640)과, 냉매 배출 라인(650)을 포함할 수 있다.In addition, the refrigerant supply unit 600 includes a refrigerant storage tank 610, a primary refrigerant line 620, a secondary refrigerant line 630, a tertiary refrigerant line 640, and a refrigerant discharge line 650. may include.

더 상세하게는, 상기 냉매 저장탱크(610)에는 증발가스를 냉각시키기 위한 냉매인 액화 공기가 저장될 수 있다.More specifically, liquefied air, which is a refrigerant for cooling evaporation gas, may be stored in the refrigerant storage tank 610.

그리고, 상기 1차 냉매 라인(620)은 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)를 냉매 저장탱크(610)로부터 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 1 저온부(421)의 입구단으로 이송시킨다. 이에 따라, 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)는 전술한 2차측 증발가스(b2)와 열교환되어, 승온된 기체 공기인 1차측 기체 공기(a2)로 조성된다. In addition, the primary refrigerant line 620 transports the liquefied air refrigerant (a1) in the initial state from the refrigerant storage tank 610 to the inlet end of the first low temperature section 421 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400. . Accordingly, the liquefied air refrigerant (a1) in the initial state exchanges heat with the above-described secondary side evaporation gas (b2) to form primary side gaseous air (a2), which is gaseous air of increased temperature.

여기서, 상기 1차 냉매 라인(620)에는 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)를 가압하기 위한 냉매 펌프(621)가 설치될 수 있다. Here, a refrigerant pump 621 for pressurizing the initial state liquefied air refrigerant (a1) may be installed in the primary refrigerant line 620.

그리고, 상기 2차 냉매 라인(630)은 입구단은 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 1 저온부(421)의 출구단과 연결된다. 또한, 상기 2차 냉매 라인(630)의 출구단은 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 2 저온부(422)의 입구단과 연결된다. 이에 따라, 상술한 1차측 기체 공기(a2)는 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)와 열교환되어, 냉각된 기체 공기인 2차측 기체 공기(a3)로 조성된다. And, the inlet end of the secondary refrigerant line 630 is connected to the outlet end of the first low temperature section 421 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400. Additionally, the outlet end of the secondary refrigerant line 630 is connected to the inlet end of the second low temperature section 422 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400. Accordingly, the above-described primary side gaseous air (a2) exchanges heat with the initial state liquefied air refrigerant (a1) to form secondary side gaseous air (a3), which is cooled gaseous air.

여기서, 상기 2차 냉매 라인(630)에는 냉매 팽창기(631)가 설치되고, 이에 따라 1차측 기체 공기(a2)는 팽창된 상태로 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 2 저온부(422)로 유입될 수 있게 된다.Here, a refrigerant expander 631 is installed in the secondary refrigerant line 630, and thus the gas air (a2) on the primary side is expanded and stored in the second low temperature portion 422 on the secondary side of the secondary heat exchanger 400. can flow into.

그리고, 상기 3차 냉매 라인(640)은 상기 2차측 기체 공기(a3)를 2차 열교환기(400)의 2차측 제 2 저온부(422) 출구단으로부터 1차 열교환기(200)의 저온부측 입구단으로 공급한다. In addition, the tertiary refrigerant line 640 flows the secondary side gas air (a3) from the outlet end of the secondary side second low temperature section 422 of the secondary heat exchanger 400 to the low temperature section inlet of the primary heat exchanger 200. Supplied in bulk.

즉, 초기 증발가스(b1)는 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1) 대비 비교적 고온의 냉매인 2차측 기체 공기(a3)에 의해 예냉되고, 가장 저온의 냉매인 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매(a1)에 의해 과냉됨으로써, 재액화 과정에 적합한 온도 및 압력으로 조성된다. That is, the initial evaporation gas (b1) is pre-cooled by the secondary gas air (a3), which is a relatively high temperature refrigerant compared to the initial state liquefied air refrigerant (a1), and the initial state liquefied air refrigerant (a1), which is the lowest temperature refrigerant. ), it is created at a temperature and pressure suitable for the reliquefaction process.

그리고, 상기 냉매 배출 라인(650)은 1차 열교환기(200)의 고온부측 출구와 연결되며, 초기 증발가스(b1)와의 열교환에 의해 승온된 2차측 기체 공기(a3)인 배출 공기(a4)를 도시되지 않은 각종 수요처나 대기로 공급 내지 방출한다. In addition, the refrigerant discharge line 650 is connected to the high-temperature side outlet of the primary heat exchanger 200, and the discharge air (a4) is the secondary gas air (a3) whose temperature is raised by heat exchange with the initial evaporation gas (b1). It is supplied or released to various demand sources or the atmosphere not shown.

이상과 같이 본 발명은 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템을 제공하고자 하는 것을 주요한 기술적 사상으로 하고 있으며, 도면을 참고하여 상술한 실시 예는 단지 하나의 실시 예에 불과하고, 본 발명의 권리 범위는 특허 청구범위 뿐만이 아닌, 다양하게 존재할 수 있는 균등한 실시 예에도 미친다 할 것이다.As described above, the main technical idea of the present invention is to provide a system for processing boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, and the embodiment described above with reference to the drawings is only one embodiment, and the present invention The scope of the invention's rights will extend not only to the scope of the patent claims, but also to various equivalent embodiments that may exist.

1 : 액화천연가스 저장탱크
1000 : 본 발명에 의한 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템
100 : 1차 이송부
110 : 1차 이송라인
120 : 압축기
200 : 1차 열교환기
300 : 2차 이송부
400 : 2차 열교환기
410 : 2차측 고온부
421 : 2차측 제 1 저온부
422 : 2차측 제 2 저온부
500 : 재액화부
510 : 전처리물 유입부
520 : 기액 분리기
530 : 후처리물 유출부
600 : 냉매 공급부
610 : 냉매 저장탱크
620 : 1차 냉매 라인
621 : 냉매 펌프
630 : 2차 냉매 라인
631 : 냉매 팽창기
640 : 3차 냉매 라인
650 : 냉매 배출 라인 1: Liquefied natural gas storage tank
1000: Boil-off gas treatment system for liquefied natural gas using liquefied air according to the present invention
100: Primary transfer unit
110: 1st transfer line
120: compressor
200: Primary heat exchanger
300: Secondary transfer unit
400: secondary heat exchanger
410: Secondary high temperature part
421: Secondary side first low temperature section
422: Secondary side second low temperature section
500: Reliquefaction unit
510: Pretreatment material inlet
520: Gas-liquid separator
530: Post-treatment material outlet
600: Refrigerant supply unit
610: Refrigerant storage tank
620: Primary refrigerant line
621: Refrigerant pump
630: Secondary refrigerant line
631: Refrigerant expander
640: 3rd refrigerant line
650: Refrigerant discharge line

Claims (5)

액화천연가스 저장탱크에서 생성된 초기 증발가스를 이송하는 1차 이송라인을 포함하는 1차 이송부;
상기 1차 이송라인의 출구단을 통과한 초기 증발가스를 냉각시키도록, 액화공기 냉매를 공급하는 냉매 공급부;
상기 초기 증발가스를 상기 액화공기 냉매가 기화되어 생성된 기체 공기와 열교환하여 냉각시키는 1차 열교환기; 및
상기 기체 공기와의 열교환을 통해 냉각된 증발가스를 기액분리하여 생성된 액체 성분인 재액화물을 상기 액화천연가스 저장탱크로 이송하는 재액화부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
A primary transfer unit including a primary transfer line for transferring the initial boil-off gas generated in the liquefied natural gas storage tank;
a refrigerant supply unit that supplies liquefied air refrigerant to cool the initial evaporation gas that has passed through the outlet end of the primary transfer line;
A primary heat exchanger that cools the initial evaporation gas by exchanging heat with gaseous air generated by vaporizing the liquefied air refrigerant; and
Liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, characterized in that it includes a re-liquefaction unit that transfers the re-liquefied product, which is a liquid component generated by separating gas and liquid from the cooled boil-off gas through heat exchange with the gas air, to the liquefied natural gas storage tank. evaporative gas treatment system.
 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템은,
상기 1차 열교환기에 의해 냉각된 증발가스인 2차측 증발가스를 이송하는 2차 이송부; 및
상기 2차측 증발가스를 상기 액화공기 냉매와 열교환시키는 2차 열교환기를 포함하고,
상기 재액화부는,
상기 2차 열교환기를 통과하여 냉각된 증발가스를 재액화시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
According to claim 1,
The boil-off gas treatment system for liquefied natural gas using the liquefied air is,
a secondary transfer unit that transfers the secondary boil-off gas, which is the boil-off gas cooled by the primary heat exchanger; and
It includes a secondary heat exchanger that heat-exchanges the secondary evaporation gas with the liquefied air refrigerant,
The reliquefaction unit,
A boil-off gas treatment system for liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, characterized in that the boil-off gas cooled by passing through the secondary heat exchanger is re-liquefied.
 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 냉매 공급부는,
상기 액화공기 냉매를 상기 2차 열교환기로 공급하여 상기 2차측 증발가스가 열교환되도록 한 다음, 상기 2차측 증발가스와 열교환됨으로써 기체화된 냉매인 상기 기체 공기를 상기 1차 열교환기로 공급하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
According to claim 2,
The refrigerant supply unit,
The liquefied air refrigerant is supplied to the secondary heat exchanger to exchange heat with the secondary evaporation gas, and then the gaseous air, which is a refrigerant vaporized by heat exchange with the secondary evaporation gas, is supplied to the primary heat exchanger. A liquefied natural gas boil-off gas treatment system using liquefied air.
 제 3 항에 있어서,
상기 냉매 공급부는,
냉매 저장탱크;
상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매를 상기 냉매 저장탱크로부터 상기 2차 열교환기로 공급하는 1차 냉매 라인;
상기 2차 열교환기에서 상기 2차측 증발가스와 열교환되어 조성된 냉매인 1차측 기체 공기를 상기 2차 열교환기로 재공급함으로써, 상기 1차측 기체 공기가 상기 초기 상태의 액화공기 냉매와 열교환되도록 하여 2차측 기체 공기를 조성하는 2차 냉매 라인; 및
상기 2차측 기체 공기를 상기 1차 열교환기로 공급하는 3차 냉매라인을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
According to claim 3,
The refrigerant supply unit,
Refrigerant storage tank;
a primary refrigerant line supplying the liquefied air refrigerant in the initial state from the refrigerant storage tank to the secondary heat exchanger;
By resupplying the primary side gaseous air, which is a refrigerant formed by heat exchange with the secondary evaporation gas in the secondary heat exchanger, to the secondary heat exchanger, the primary side gaseous air exchanges heat with the liquefied air refrigerant in the initial state, 2 A secondary refrigerant line that creates gas air on the vehicle side; and
A liquefied natural gas boil-off gas treatment system using liquefied air, comprising a tertiary refrigerant line that supplies the secondary gas air to the primary heat exchanger.
 제 4 항에 있어서,
상기 냉매 공급부는,
상기 2차 냉매 라인에 설치되는 냉매 팽창기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 액화공기를 활용한 액화천연가스의 증발가스 처리 시스템.According to claim 4,
The refrigerant supply unit,
A system for processing boil-off gas of liquefied natural gas using liquefied air, comprising a refrigerant expander installed in the secondary refrigerant line.
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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170062227A (en) 2015-11-27 2017-06-07 주식회사 동화엔텍 BOG treatment system for LNG tank ship

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20170062227A (en) 2015-11-27 2017-06-07 주식회사 동화엔텍 BOG treatment system for LNG tank ship

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