KR20230145572A - valve actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a valve operating device 100 for operating at least one valve of a reciprocating piston engine, which is rotatably mounted about a common rotation axis 213 and can be connected to at least one valve to operate on at least one valve. A first operating lever 210 that transmits an action and a second operating lever 211 rotatably mounted about a common rotation axis 213; two cams (214, 215) arranged on the shaft (216) and contoured by actuating levers (210, 211); For connecting the actuating levers 210, 211, with a locking element 13B that can be in two positions and for controlling the actuating movement of the second actuating lever 211 at least in the first position of the locking element 13B. 1 a mechanical coupling device (10) configured to transmit to an operating lever (210); and a switching device for switching the locking element 13B of the engagement device 10 between these positions, wherein the movement of the second actuating lever 211 mechanically causes a change in the position of the locking element 13B. 110) relates to a valve operating device (100). The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine (101) comprising such a valve actuating device (100).

Description

valve actuator

The present invention relates to a valve actuating device for operating at least one valve of a reciprocating piston engine, especially an internal combustion engine, which is rotatably mounted about a common axis of rotation and connectable to the at least one valve to transmit an actuation action to the valve. a first operating lever and a second operating lever rotatably mounted about the common axis of rotation; a first cam disposed on a shaft and outlined by the first operating lever; and 2 A valve actuating device with a second cam contoured by an actuating lever.

Valve operating devices of the above type and internal combustion engines equipped with such valve operating devices are generally known in the prior art.

As the demands on performance, efficiency and emissions continue to increase, variable valve trains, i.e. valve trains with variable valve lift, are increasingly used in reciprocating piston internal combustion engines, especially in 4-stroke and 6-stroke operation. It is becoming increasingly important.

In this regard, the variable valve train can meet the thermodynamic needs and the needs of internal combustion engine designers, who want to apply different valve lift curves to one or more valves, especially depending on the operating situation of the internal combustion engine, by adjusting not only the valve lift but also the opening and closing time. It can be adjusted.

This is usually achieved by switching the transmission path of the valve train. Lift switching systems and lift blocking systems with switchable cam followers such as bucket tappets, roller tappets or rocker arms continue to be produced for a variety of applications. In this regard, for each of the different alternative valve lifts it is necessary to provide a suitable cam as a lift providing element, unless the alternative lift is zero lift.

There are a variety of applications for the use of valve trains with variable or variable valve lift. Some examples are:

Lift switching: Lift switching allows the use of at least two different valve lifts depending on the operating point. In this case, a smaller valve lift specifically adapted to the part load range is used to improve the torque path and reduce consumption and emissions. Large valve lifts can be optimized for higher performance gains. Smaller valve lifts, with smaller maximum lifts and shorter event lengths, allow for much faster suction closure and deregulating the suction tract, thereby reducing load variation (Miller cycle). A similar result is possible with the Atkinson cycle, i.e. extremely late suction closure. At this time, if the combustion chamber is filled optimally, the torque increases in the partial load range.

Cylinder Deactivation: Cylinder deactivation is primarily used on large capacity four-cylinder engines (e.g. engines with 4, 8, 10 or 12 engine cylinders). In this case, the selected engine cylinder is closed by blocking the lift of the intake and exhaust valves; At this time, the intake and discharge valves are completely disengaged from the cam lift. At this time, regular V8 and V12 engines can be converted to A4 or R6 engines based on the equidistant ignition sequence. The purpose of engine cylinder deactivation is to achieve significant fuel savings by minimizing load alternating losses and shifting the operating point to higher intermediate pressures to achieve higher thermodynamic efficiency.

Engine braking operation: Engine braking systems, which enable engine braking operation, are becoming increasingly important in vehicle internal combustion engines, especially commercial vehicles, as a cost-effective and space-saving device to disengage wheel brakes, especially on long downhill slopes. This is because it is an auxiliary braking system. Additionally, due to the increase in specific power of modern commercial vehicle engines, the braking power to be achieved must also increase.

In order to achieve the engine braking effect, so-called decompression braking can be performed by additionally providing a macro valve to the engine cylinder of the internal combustion engine. In particular, in a 4-stroke engine or 6-stroke engine, the cylinder is decompressed through the additional engine valve at the end of the compression stroke. This is because decompression can be performed. As a result, the work performed on the compressed gas is bypassed by the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. In addition, internal combustion engines must be reworked to fill the cylinder with new gas. In particular, it is known that an engine braking effect is achieved through the variable valve train of the actual exhaust valve.

Various systems and concepts are known for varying valve lift. In particular, it is known to provide a mechanical or hydraulic coupling device between one or more valve actuating elements of the valve actuating device that transmits the cam lift, by means of which a change in the transmission path of the valve train can be effected.

For example, document US 2014/0326212 A1 describes a system for variable valve control, especially for achieving engine braking effects, with a "lost motion" (lost motion) with hydraulically actuated locking elements to selectively block or release the valve actuation mechanism. A system comprising a "-motion)" device to selectively transmit or not transmit a valve actuating motion to one or more valves thereby varying valve lift and thereby obtaining a particularly engine braking effect is disclosed.

Document WO 2015/022071 A1 discloses a valve actuating device for actuating at least one first valve of a reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, the valve actuating device being able to be used in particular for engine braking and the first rocker an arm portion, a second rocker arm portion and a first switching element for changing valve lift of the at least one first valve, wherein the first rocker arm portion and the second rocker arm portion are pivotally mounted and have at least one A first valve control operation may be transmitted from the first cam shaft to the at least one first valve through the first rocker arm portion and the second rocker arm portion.

Document WO 2019/025511 A1 relates to a coupling device, valve actuator and reciprocating piston engine for a valve actuating device for actuating at least one valve of a reciprocating piston engine with variable valve lift, in particular for a valve actuating device of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. As to, the coupling device includes a first coupling element, a second coupling element and a locking device. The first engaging element and the second engaging element can be positioned relative to each other at least within a defined boundary along a first axis, wherein the positional movement of the two engaging elements relative to each other along the first axis is adapted to the locking device. It is possible to block at least in the first direction. The locking device includes a locking element rotatable in a circumferentially defined area at least about a first axis, wherein when the locking element is in the blocking position the relative positional movement of the two engaging elements along the first axis is at least blocked in the first direction. The disclosures of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.

The applicant's document AT 50710/2020 relates to a valve actuating device for actuating valves of a reciprocating piston engine, the valve actuating device comprising an engaging device, the engaging device being controlled for operation by a mechanical switching device. a locking element that can be in first and second positions, wherein in the first position the valve actuating device transmits an actuating action to the valve, the switching device comprising: a guide rod and a parallel, relatively movable actuating rod; a connecting link guide element movably mounted on the guide rod for actuating the locking element between the positions; A triggering element coupled to the connecting link guide element, wherein the connecting link guide element and the triggering element are fixed between two stops of the actuating rod by a spring element provided on each of the stops, and the connecting link guide element and the triggering element are a triggering element capable of position movement by the operating rod along the guide rod and/or in a direction parallel to the guide rod; and a blocking element interacting with the triggering element, wherein in a first state, when the actuating rod is moved axially, the blocking element blocks positional movement of the triggering element and the connecting link guide element such that the spring element is subjected to compressive stress. , in the second state, the positional movement of the triggering element and the connecting link guide element causes the engagement device to actuate. The disclosures of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved valve actuating device for variable valve control. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a valve actuating device for variable valve control capable of measuring valve lift transitions with particular precision.

The above problem is solved by a valve operating device and an internal combustion engine according to the independent claims of the patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the invention is a valve actuating device for actuating at least one valve of a reciprocating piston engine, especially an internal combustion engine, comprising:

a first operating lever rotatably mounted about a common rotation axis and connectable to the at least one valve to transmit an operating action to the valve; and a second operating lever rotatably mounted about the common rotation axis;

a first cam arranged on a shaft, in particular a common shaft, and contoured by the first actuating lever; and a second cam arranged on a shaft, in particular a common shaft, and contoured by the second actuating lever;

The first and second actuating levers are connectable to each other, having a locking element that can be in at least a first position and a second position and providing an actuating action of the second actuating lever at least in the first position of the locking element. 1 a mechanical linkage device configured to transmit to an operating lever; and

at least for moving the locking element of the engagement device from the first position to the second position or vice versa, by means of an action of the second actuating lever, in particular an action leading to the closing of the at least one valve and/or in the direction of the second cam. It relates to a valve actuating device with a switching device, the operation of which is configured to mechanically trigger a change in the position of the locking element.

A second aspect of the invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with such a valve operating device.

The present invention implements variable valve control by means of two actuating levers, wherein the first actuating lever permanently produces the valve actuating action and the second actuating lever can be switched by a switching device when necessary, so that the second actuating lever It is based on an approach in which the valve actuation movement produced by overlaps the valve actuation movement of the first actuation lever. At this time, the valve operating action of the second operating lever is transmitted to the first operating lever through a coupling device, so that only the first operating lever is always operated through the valve. In the case of a traction lever, this is preferably done via a push rod.

In this regard, the first force transmission path via the first actuating lever is preferably unaffected by the formation of the second actuating lever. The engaging device introduces a second force transmission path from the second actuating lever to the first actuating lever and proceeds in the same way as the first force transmission path from there to the valve.

In this way, the invention combines the advantages of a fixed operating lever with the advantages of an adjustable valve control. Meanwhile, a large force for operating the valve can be transmitted only through the first operating lever. On the other hand, fine adjustment of the valve and/or complementary actuation of the valve can be achieved by further switching the second actuating lever.

Additionally, according to the present invention, it is possible to connect or block the operating action through the second operating lever by operating the operating lever itself. This allows the optimal switching point to be adjusted particularly precisely.

Additionally, the switching measured by the operation of the second actuating lever may provide the maximum available time window for each operation via the first or second actuating lever. Mechanical triggering of the switching process also enables particularly reliable triggering.

In one advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the valve actuating device comprises a triggering element, wherein the switching device comprises a blocking element configured to interact with the triggering element in a manner to block or release an axial position movement of the triggering element. do.

Mechanical triggering can be achieved by providing a blocking element that interacts with the triggering element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the guide rod is fixed to the housing and axially movably mounted for actuating the triggering element.

In this advantageous embodiment, the guide rod can be actuated directly by an actuator. No further device is required to actuate the triggering element.

In another advantageous embodiment, the triggering element and the blocking element mechanically interact so that a change in position of the locking element is triggered when the second actuating lever is moved in the direction of the shaft.

In this advantageous embodiment, the triggering element and the blocking element interact to define the timing of the axial position movement of the triggering element as well as to trigger a position change of the locking element.

In another advantageous embodiment, the blocking element releases the axial position movement of the triggering element along the guide rod when the second actuating lever moves away from the shaft.

With the above-described advantageous embodiment, the action of the second actuating lever causes a movement of the triggering element away from the cam shaft, releasing the positional movement of the triggering element along the guide rod, and then releasing the second actuating lever in the direction of the shaft. A subsequent action triggers a change in the position of the locking element. As a result, a particularly reliable conversion process can be implemented.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the blocking element is mounted pivotably on the second actuating lever with respect to the second actuating lever and the locking element is provided via a switching element, in particular a gear shift linkage or a connecting link guide element. Operate the element.

Pivotlessly mounting the blocking element on the second actuating lever allows a particularly advantageous interaction with the triggering element of the switching device. Rotation of the second actuating lever in the direction of the camshaft can cause the blocking element to come into contact with the triggering element and then pivot on the side of the triggering element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the triggering element is configured to change the position of the blocking element while the second actuating lever is moved in the direction of the shaft, so that the blocking element can change the position of the locking element. contains elements.

As a result, in particular the blocking element pivots.

As described above, it is preferred that movement of the second actuation lever away from the shaft enables movement of the triggering element and movement of the second actuation element towards the shaft allows pivot movement of the blocking element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the guide rod is aligned at least substantially parallel to the axis of rotation and/or the shaft.

This arrangement of the guide rod allows in particular a space-saving arrangement of the individual elements.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, when a change in position of the locking element is effected, the triggering element can be subjected to a compressive stress against the blocking element along the guide rod by means of at least one spring element, wherein the triggering element Pivoting movement is possible along the guide rod when the blocking element is released from its path by action of the second actuating lever.

By applying a compressive stress to the guide rod, the triggering element can be actuated independently of the actual point of position movement. As a result, an action link can be provided between the operation of the blocking element or the second actuating lever and the operation of the triggering element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the blocking element comprises a first engaging element, in particular an engaging head, which changes position upon pivot movement of the blocking element and which interacts in particular with a second engaging element, in particular a receptacle, of the switching element. It is configured as a rocker switch with

In the present invention, the rocker switch is preferably configured in the form of a triangle or a three-pronged star. The two ends of the triangle are used to actuate the rocker switch and the third corner/prong is where the engagement head is placed. Rocker switches with combined heads offer a particularly simple mechanical solution for blocking elements.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the locking element is rotatably mounted on the second actuating lever and, in a first position of the locking element, interacts with a second engaging element of the first actuating lever, The locking element may in particular be stationary together with the engaging element.

The rotatably mounted locking element corresponds to a particularly simple and robust mechanical implementation of the locking element.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the axis of rotation of the locking element runs at least substantially parallel to the shaft.

The high degree of symmetry allows the valve actuating device to be constructed particularly simply.

In one advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the first actuating lever and/or the second actuating lever are configured as a rocker arm or a traction lever.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the first actuating lever comprises a stop defining a rotation of the second actuating lever about a common axis of rotation with respect to the first actuating lever and/or engaging the second actuating lever. It has an engagement portion surrounding the second actuating lever in a manner that defines it relative to the device.

As a result, it is possible to achieve a particularly advantageous form of force transmission from the first actuating lever to the second actuating lever. In particular, since the second actuating lever can be provided with all additional components and the first actuating lever is equipped with a push rod, it is possible to construct the valve actuating device in a particularly space-saving manner.

In another advantageous embodiment of the valve actuating device, the side surface of the second cam rises later than the side surface of the first cam with respect to the direction of rotation depending on the actuation of the shaft, and the contours of the first cam and the second cam are It is configured in such a way that the actuating action of the second actuating lever produces a valve lift curve that is larger and longer in time than the valve lift curve produced by the actuating action of the first actuating lever.

Due to the faster rise of the side of the first cam, the relatively large force that occurs when opening the valve is exerted on the first actuating lever, which is preferably of stationary design and has greater stability than the second actuating lever. Additionally, the second operating lever can save weight and space by being configured to be less rigid as intended.

The features and advantages mentioned above in relation to the first aspect of the invention apply similarly to the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

Other advantages and features of the present invention can be seen from the detailed description that follows with reference to the non-limiting embodiments shown in the drawings. These are shown schematically, at least in part, in the drawings:
1 is a perspective view of the valve system of an internal combustion engine;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a valve actuating device;
Figure 3 is a plan view showing two valve operating levers of the valve operating device according to Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the valve actuating device according to plane II of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a top view showing a mechanism for switching the valve actuation device to the first position of the locking element;
Figure 6 is another top view showing a mechanism for switching the valve actuation device to the second position of the locking element;
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the second actuating lever of the valve actuating device;
8A, 9A, 10A, 11A are side views of the second valve operating lever and the second cam, respectively, at different rotation positions of the cam;
8b, 9b, 10b, 11b are top views of the switching elements of the valve actuating device in different positions;
Figures 8c, 9c, 10c, and 11c are enlarged detailed plan views of switching elements at different positions;
12 and 13 are cross-sectional views of the triggering element at different load positions;
Figure 14 shows an embodiment of two different valve lift curves that can be implemented by the valve actuating device according to Figure 3;
Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.

1 is a perspective view of a valve system of an internal combustion engine 101 with one embodiment of a valve actuating device 100. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of this internal combustion engine 101 with four cylinders 102 provided in each valve operating device 100 in the embodiment shown above. It goes without saying that the solution according to the invention can also be applied to differently configured internal combustion engines 101, especially with regard to the number of cylinders 102.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a total of four valves are operated, of which the front two valves are operated by the valve operating device 100 through the push rod 220. At this time, the first operation lever 210 and the second operation lever 211 of the valve operation device 100 capture the valve operation operation on the cams 214 and 215, respectively. Next, it can be passed to the valve.

It is desirable to provide a restoration device 96 to ensure contact between the second operating lever 211 and the second cam 215 when no force is applied to the second operating lever 211.

The embodiment of the valve actuating device 100 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a receiving portion 97 for a push rod 220 which corresponds to a so-called traction lever and thus transmits the valve actuating action to at least one valve. . However, the disclosure described in connection with this embodiment also covers other types of valve actuating devices, particularly centrally mounted valve actuation devices with roller-, slide- or push rod actuation, as well as traction levers with rollers at the ends or centers, as the case may be. It can also be applied to valve operating levers, so-called rocker arms.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a valve actuating device 100 configured to operate a valve (not shown) of an internal combustion engine.

The valve actuating device 100 includes a first actuating lever 210 and a second actuating lever 211, wherein the two actuating levers 210, 211 are preferably rotatable about a common rotation axis 213. It is equipped. A push rod 220 is connected to the first operation lever 210 to transmit the operation of the first operation lever 210 or the second operation lever 211 to the valve.

The first operating lever 210 is configured to capture the outline of the first cam 214, and the second operating lever 211 is configured to capture the outline of the second cam 215. The two cams 214, 215 are mounted non-rotatingly on a shaft 216, especially on a common shaft. The first cam 214 preferably has a different shape from the second cam 215 in the circumferential direction of the shaft 216.

The first operating lever 210 and the second operating lever 211 are connected to each other through a coupling device 10. The engaging device 10 transmits the actuating action from the second actuating lever 211 to the first actuating lever 210 in particular when the engaging device 10 is in the blocked state or when the engaging device 10 is in the released state. It is configured to convert the operation of the second operating lever 211 into a so-called lost motion movement.

In the illustrated embodiment, the engagement device 10 is arranged on the second actuating lever 211 or forms part of the second actuating lever 211 . The long axis of the coupling device 10 is in contact with the trajectory of the second operating lever 211 about the rotation axis, and the length of the coupling device 10 along the long axis is adjustable.

The first actuating lever 210 particularly preferably has an engaging portion 217 extending within the trajectory of the second actuating lever 210 . The coupling part 217 is preferably screwed to a second coupling element 12 which can interact with the first coupling element 11 to transmit an actuating motion, as shown in FIG. 2 .

The coupling device 10 preferably comprises a locking element 13b for switching, which is preferably part of the locking element 13b and includes a stop 89 (not shown, e.g. The coupling element 11 constituting (see Figure 4 or Figure 7) can pivot about an axis so that it can pivot between at least two positions. In this regard, the axis is distinct from the axis of rotation 213 of the actuating lever 210 , 211 and is preferably aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 213 and/or the cam shaft and/or the guide rod 83 .

In the engaged state, the first engaging element 11, which is attached to the first operating lever 211 through the locking element 13b, allows the valve operating action to be transmitted from the first operating lever 210 to the second operating lever 211. interacts with the second engaging element 12 of the first actuating lever 210 in this way. At this time, the stop portion 89 of the first coupling element 11 comes into contact with the second coupling element. Hereinafter, this position of the locking element 13b is also referred to as the first position or blocking position.

However, in the unlocked state of the locking device 10 the locking element 13b is in a second position, hereinafter also called the unlocked position, in which the stop 89 of the first locking element 11 (not shown, e.g. 4 or 7) does not interact with the second coupling element 12. For this purpose, in FIG. 1 the locking element 13b is preferably pivoted clockwise by approximately 90°, which will be described in more detail later.

The locking element 13b is preferably actuated by a switching device 110 (not shown). The components of the switching device 110 are preferably fixedly mounted in the housing of the internal combustion engine, and their valves are controlled (both not shown). At this time, the switching device 110 (not shown in FIG. 2) is preferably operated hydraulically or electromechanically by an actuator not shown, and is more preferably controlled by an internal combustion engine controller (ECU).

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the side of the valve actuating device 100 of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 facing the axis of rotation 213 .

The first operating lever 210 is shown on the left side of the diagram in FIG. 3 . The first path F ₁ for transmitting force from the first cam 214 through the first receptacle 218 towards the push rod 220 to the first actuating lever 210 is shown by a solid arrow. and preferably runs substantially parallel to the direction of operation of the first operating lever 210.

The second operating lever 211 is shown on the right side of FIG. 3 . Force is transmitted from the second operating lever 211 to the first operating lever 210 only when the engaging device 10 is in the blocked state. When the engaging device 10 is in the blocked state, a second path (F) of force transmission from the second cam 215 to the engaging device 10 through the second receiving portion 219 and the second actuating lever 210 ₂ ) runs substantially parallel to the direction of motion of the device. The second path F ₂ of force transmission from the engagement device 10 is preferably via the engagement portion 217 to the first actuating lever 210 , in particular substantially perpendicular to the axis of movement of the second actuating lever 211 . and proceed to the push rod (220).

Above, it can be seen that in the illustrated embodiment, the path F ₁ is always activated. Conversely, the path F ₂ is selectively further switched depending on the state of the connecting device 10 .

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a part of the second actuating lever 211 and the first valve actuating lever 210 of the valve actuating device 100 in plane II-I of FIG. 3 , on which the central axis of the coupling device 10 lies. This is a cross-sectional view.

As already partially explained with reference to FIG. 2 and fully apparent from FIG. 4 , the coupling device 10 comprises a first coupling element 11, a locking element 13B with pin 13A and further a second coupling element. Contains element (12).

As already partly explained with reference to FIG. 2 and fully apparent from FIG. 4 , the locking element 13b together with the first engaging element 11 is part of a second actuating lever 211 or a part of said second actuating lever 211 . It is mounted on top. The coupling device 10 also includes a second coupling element 12 that is part of or mounted on the first actuating lever 210 .

At this time, the first coupling element 11 is fastened to the second operating lever 211 in a force transmission manner, and the second coupling element 12 is similarly fastened to the first operating lever 210 (preferably coupled to the force transmission method). It is fastened to the part 217), more preferably screwed together with threads and fixed with a fixing nut 221. Here the second coupling element 12 is preferably actuated via the stop 89 of the first coupling element 11 . The cylindrical bottom of the locking element 13b constituting the stop 89 is preferably bent inward and the free end of the second connecting element 12 is preferably convexly bent accordingly.

The locking element 13b is rotatably mounted on the second actuating lever 211 and can be actuated by a switching element 84, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is a gear shift linkage. Meanwhile, the gear shift linkage 84 is operated by the switching device 110. In this way, the defined valve lift can be selectively activated or deactivated by the mechanical switching device 110.

The switching device 110 is preferably configured in the illustrated embodiment as a rocker switch and is coupled to the first engaging element 118 , in particular the gear shift linkage 84 , in particular the second engaging element 119 of the receptacle. It includes a blocking element (112) with a head (118).

In the illustrated embodiment the blocking element 112 is pivotally mounted on the second actuating lever 211 in the side shown.

The switching device 110 further comprises a triggering element 111 . The triggering element 111 is actuated hydraulically or electromechanically by an actuator.

The triggering element 111 preferably has a first actuating element 116 and a second actuating element 117 (not visible in Figure 4) which interact with the blocking element 112 to trigger the actuation of the locking element 13b. ), which will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

The valve operating action of the second operating lever 211 is captured by the second receiving portion 219 on the second cam 215. Similarly, the valve actuating action of the first actuating lever 210 is captured by the first receptacle 218 on the second cam 215 (not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6). When the locking element 13b is in the first or blocking position, the actuating action of the first actuating element 116 is transmitted to the first actuating lever 210 .

As also shown in Figure 5, the locking element 13b is in a first position, also called the blocking position. Accordingly, the coupling device 10 is in a blocked state in which the valve operating action is transmitted from the second operating lever 211 to the first operating lever 210.

The first position is such that the triggering element 111, which is movably mounted on the guide rod 83 fixed to the housing, is mutually connected to the end of the blocking element 112 configured as a rocker switch and the second operating element 117. This is achieved by being in a position to act. As a result, the coupling head 118 in FIG. 4 is pivoted to the left. As the engagement head 118 interacts with the receiving portion 119 of the gear shift linkage 84, the gear shift linkage 84 is also moved to the left. The pin 13a of the locking element 13b is received in another receiving portion of the gear shift linkage 84 so that the gear shift linkage 84 and the locking element 13b move the first engaging element 11 to pivot to the right. Interact as much as possible.

Figure 6 shows the unlocked state of the engagement device 10 with the locking element 13b in the second or unlocked position. In this case, since the first engaging element does not interact with the second engaging element 12 of the engaging device 10, the valve operating action of the second operating lever 211 is not transmitted to the first operating lever 210. and is therefore lost in so-called lost motion.

In this case, the triggering element 111 of the switching device 110 on the guide rod 83 has a position at which the other end of the rocker switch 112 interacts with the first operating element 116 of the triggering element 111. The rocker switch pivots to the right. This movement is transmitted via the engaging head 118 and the receiving portion 119 to the gear shift linkage 84, which transmits the force via the pin 13a to the locking element 13b, with the result that The first coupling element 11 is pivoted to the left.

7 shows a top view of the valve actuating device 100 without the first actuating lever 210.

In this figure, the position of the triggering element 111 and its first actuating element 116 and second actuating element 117 relative to the second actuating lever 211 is clearly shown.

As already explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 , the triggering element 111 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 83 . In the illustrated embodiment, the guide rod 83 fixedly mounted on the housing is aligned parallel to the rotation axis 213, and the first operation lever 210 and the second operation lever 211 are centered around the rotation axis. It is mounted rotatably. At this time, the triggering element 111 can move between the two guides (no reference numerals) of the guide rod 83.

8 to 11 clearly illustrate the functionality of the embodiment of the valve actuating device 100 shown in the figures.

The drawings marked with “a” (FIGS. 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A) show a first valve lever (FIG. 8A), FIG. This is the floor plan of 211). The drawings marked with “b” (FIGS. 8B, 9B, 10B, and 11B) show the position of the tripping element 111 corresponding to the switching state, respectively, and the drawings marked with “c” (FIG. 8c, 9c, 10c, 11c) are detailed views of the triggering element 111.

As can already be seen from FIGS. 4 to 7 , the second actuating lever 211 is provided with a switching device 110 , which in particular consists of a guide rod 83 and a triggering element 111 It includes them. The triggering element 111 further comprises a second actuating element 117 which interacts with the first actuating element 116 and a rocker switch 112 which acts as a blocking element (in FIGS. 7 to 11 the rocker switch ( 112) is difficult to recognize, so no reference number is given).

The second operating lever 211 also has two parts of the engaging device 10, a first engaging element 11 and a blocking element 13b. Accordingly, the second operating lever 211 may be combined with the first operating lever 210.

The second receiver 219 (shown as a wheel) receives the valve actuating action on the second cam 215.

In FIG. 8A, the second cam is positioned so that the cam lobe reaches the second receiving portion 219 within a short time due to the rotation direction of the cam shaft. Due to the position of the locking element 13b or its first engaging element 11 , the valve actuating action will be transmitted to the first actuating lever 210 .

Figure 8b also shows a top view of the switching device 110 in a position enabling a first or blocking position of the locking element 13b. At this time, the triggering element 111 has a guide rod ( 83) It is placed on the table.

Figure 8c shows the guide rod 83 and the triggering element 111 in an enlarged overall view. Here, the area where the triggering element 111 surrounds the guide rod 83 or where the triggering element 111 is guided by the guide rod 83 is shown in cross-section.

It can be clearly seen that the spring element 93, which is held fixed to the guide rod 83 by the first spring stop 98 and the second spring stop 99, is located in the triggering element 111. At this time, the spring stops 98 and 99 can move when the guide rod moves toward the spring, but are configured to prevent movement away from the spring.

In Figure 9a, the lift of the second cam 215 is still in front of the second receptacle, but is already somewhat close by the rotation of the cam shaft.

The locking element 13b will transition from the first or blocking position to the second or unlocked position. To this end, the guide rod 83 moves to the left, as shown by the hatched arrow in FIGS. 9B and 9C. As a result, the rocker switch 112 is pressed down by the second actuating element 117 of the triggering element 111 . However, since the position of the rocker switch 112 does not change, one end of the rocker switch 112 comes into contact with the first operating unit 116. Here, further positional movement of the triggering element 111 on the guide rod 83 is prevented, which is indicated by the hatched arrow with a beam in FIG. 9c . Nevertheless, since the position of the guide rod 83 is further moved, the spring element 93 moves the position of the second spring stop 99 toward the first spring stop 98, so the triggering element 111 ) is compressed.

In Figure 10A, the lift of the cam 215 reaches the second receiving portion 219 so that the second operating lever 211 pivots upward. Here, the blocked position of the locking element 13b will also cause the first actuating lever 210 (not shown) to pivot upwards.

The pivot movement causes the other end of the rocker switch 112 to release the first actuating element 116, as can be seen in the dashed circle in FIG. 10A. As a result, in the view of FIG. 10b the position of the triggering element 111 on the guide rod 83 can be moved further to the left, which takes place due to the compressive stress of the spring element 93 which is itself stress-relieved. Accordingly, in Figure 10c the spring element 93 is shown as stress-free.

In FIG. 11A , the lift of the second cam 215 has already pivoted to a position where the second actuating lever 211 pivots again towards the cam shaft or towards the circle at the bottom of the cam 215 . As a result of the pivot movement, the other end of the rocker switch 112 comes into contact with the first actuating element 116 of the triggering element 111, causing the rocker switch 112 to pivot to the right as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 11A. I do it. This causes the locking element 13b to pivot to the left via the gear shift linkage 84 (not visible), as indicated by the arrow in Figure 11a. As a result, the locking element 13b reaches the second or unlocked position.

In a similar way, actuating the guide rod 83 to the right can cause a transition of the locking element 13b from the second or unlocked position to the first or blocking position. The triggering element 111 remains in place as shown in Figure 11b and the spring element 93 remains stress relieved as shown in Figure 11c.

12 and 13 respectively show cross-sectional views of the triggering element 111. Here, it is clear that the first actuating element 116 and the second actuating element 117 of the triggering element 111 are also subjected to variable compressive stress by the spring elements 94 or 95 . This may cause the actuating elements 116 and 117 respectively in contact with the rocker switch 112 to be moved out of contact if the rocker switch 112 or the blocking element cannot pivot (eg while being blocked).

This is useful, for example, when the locking element 13b actually has to be in the second or unlocked position and is blocked in the first actuating lever 210 , in particular in the second engaging element of the first actuating lever 210 . At this time, force leading to damage to the first operating element 116 may be transmitted by the operation of the first operating lever 210.

Figure 13 shows the actuating elements 116, 117 in the press-in position they would be in in the case of the depicted overload.

Figure 14 shows an example of two different valve lift curves that can be implemented by a valve actuating device. At this time, the valve opening is given differently depending on the crankshaft angle.

The valve lift curve IVC - 480 belongs to the Miller cycle and in the embodiment of the valve actuating device 100 shown in the previous figures is driven by the first cam 214, thus the so-called Miller cam.

Miller operation of internal combustion engines is particularly optimized for consumption, but in Miller operation the cylinders are filled too low, making it impossible to start the internal combustion engine.

The valve lift curve (IVC - 580) corresponds to a different combustion cycle with not only longer valve openings but also a valve lift of 8.7 mm greater than the Miller cycle shown. The valve lift curve (IVC - 580) is driven by the second cam (215). Accordingly, the valve lift curve (IVC - 580) includes the valve lift curve (IVC - 480).

As shown in Figure 14, the rising portion of the valve lift curve (IVC-580) is located behind the rising portion of the valve lift curve (IVC-480) in time. As a result, it is possible to transmit most of the force generated when opening the valve in the valve operating device 100 through the more solid and rigid first operating lever 210 (force flow F ₁ ). In this case, only about 1/3 of the force acts on the variable or adjustable actuating lever 211. Accordingly, the actuating lever 211 can be configured to be less robust and have smaller dimensions, especially narrower.

Accordingly, in the valve operating device 100, the side surface of the second cam 215 rises later than the side surface of the first cam 214 with respect to the rotation direction according to the operation of the shaft 216. As a result, the actuating action of the first actuating lever 210 is carried out to another point in time, preferably earlier in time than the actuating action of the second actuating lever 211 . Internal combustion engines, especially so-called large engines, are preferably operated in the Miller cycle for more than 90% of the operating time. The valve lift curve (IVC - 580) is preferably used only when operating the sail (also known as coasting operation) during and during start-up.

It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection, use, or structure in any way. Rather, those skilled in the art are provided with guidance for the implementation of at least one embodiment by the above description, and are encouraged to make various modifications that do not depart from the scope of protection due to the scope of the claims and combinations of equivalent features, particularly with respect to the function and arrangement of the components described. This is possible. In particular, the valve actuating device may be a device such as a tappet or rocker arm. Additionally, the switching device may be configured differently, especially according to the variant presented in document WO 2019/025511 A1. Conversely, it is also possible, with reference to the accompanying drawings, to use the switching device described above together with another coupling device, for example the coupling device shown in document WO 2019/025511 A1. In this case, the switching device will in particular actuate the connecting link guide element via the gear shift linkage.

10 combination device
11 first binding element
12 second binding element
13A pin
13B lock element
83 guide rod
84 Switching elements, gear shift linkage
85 Connecting link, hook, U-shaped
89 stop
93, 94, 95 spring element
96 restoration device
97 Receptor
98 first spring stop
99 Second spring stop
100 valve actuator
110 switching device
111 triggering element
112 blocking element
113 switching window
114 protection spring
115 triggering pin
116 first operating element
117 second operating element
118 first binding element
119 second binding element
210 first operating lever
211 second operating lever
213 axis of rotation
214 1st cam
215 2nd cam
216 shaft
217 joint
218 first receptacle
219 second receptacle
220 push rod
221 retaining nut
F_One Primary path of force transmission
F₂ Second path of force transmission

Claims (16)

A valve actuating device (100) for actuating at least one valve of a reciprocating piston engine, in particular an internal combustion engine:
A first operating lever 210 rotatably mounted about a common rotation axis 213 and connectable to the at least one valve to transmit an operating action to the at least one valve, and rotating about the common rotation axis 213 a second actuating lever (211) possibly mounted;
A first cam 214 arranged on a shaft, in particular on a common shaft 216 and contoured by a first actuating lever 210 and a second actuating lever 211 arranged on a shaft, in particular on a common shaft 216 ) a second cam 215 whose outline is captured by;
The first actuating lever 210 and the second actuating lever 211 are connectable to each other, having a locking element 13B that can be in at least a first position and a second position, and having at least a first actuating lever 13B of the locking element 13B. a mechanical coupling device (10) configured to transmit the actuating motion of the second actuating lever (211) to the first actuating lever (210) in position; and
An operation of the second actuating lever 211, at least for moving the locking element 13B of the engagement device 10 from the first position to the second position or vice versa, in particular an operation leading to the closing of the at least one valve. and/or a switching device (110) configured such that movement in the direction of the shaft (216) mechanically triggers a change in position of the locking element. The switching device ( 110 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the switching device ( 110 ) comprises a triggering element ( 111 ) and a blocking element ( 112 ), wherein the triggering element ( 111 ) and the blocking element ( 112 ) have a triggering element ( 111 ) at the top in an axial direction. A valve actuating device (100) configured to interact in a manner that blocks or releases axial positional movement of the triggering element (111) along a guide rod (83) mounted to be positionally movable. The valve actuating device (100) according to claim 2, wherein the guide rod (83) is fixed to the housing and mounted axially positionally movable for actuating the triggering element. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein when the second actuating lever (211) moves in the direction of the shaft (216) the triggering element (111) and the blocking element (112) are mechanically operated such that a change in position of the locking element (13b) is triggered. A valve actuating device 100 interacting with. 5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the blocking element (112) is positioned along the guide rod (83) when the second actuating lever (211) moves away from the shaft (216) along the axis of the triggering element (111). A valve actuating device (100) that releases directional position movement. 6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the blocking element (112) is mounted on a second actuating lever (211) pivotably relative to said second actuating lever and is connected to a switching element (84), in particular a gear. A valve actuating device (100) that actuates the locking element (13b) via a shift linkage or connecting link guide element. 7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the triggering element (111) changes the position of the blocking element (112) while the second actuating lever (211) moves in the direction of the shaft (216) to change the position of the blocking element (112). A valve actuating device (100) comprising two actuating elements (116, 117) configured to allow 112) to change the position of the locking element (13b). 8. The locking element (13b) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the locking element (13b) interacts with the second engaging element (12) of the first actuating lever (210) in a first position and can in particular be brought to rest. Valve actuating device (100). The valve actuating device (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the axis of rotation of the locking element (13B) runs parallel to the shaft (216), the guide rod (83) and/or the axis of rotation (213). 10. Valve actuating device (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the guide rod (83) is aligned at least substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (213) and/or shaft (216). 11. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein when a change in position of the locking element (13b) takes place the triggering element (111) is connected to the blocking element along the guide rod (83) by means of at least one spring element (93). (112) may be subjected to a compressive stress, wherein the triggering element (111) pivots along the guide rod (83) when the blocking element (112) is released from its path by the action of the second actuating lever (211). Possible valve actuation device (100). 12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the blocking element (112) changes position upon pivot movement of the blocking element (112) and in particular the second engaging element (119) of the switching element (84), in particular the receiving part. A valve actuating device (100) configured as a rocker switch with a first engaging element (118), in particular an engaging head, which interacts with. 13. Valve actuating device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first actuating lever (210) and/or the second actuating lever (211) are configured as a rocker arm or a traction lever. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first actuating lever (210) is configured to rotate the second actuating lever (211) about a common axis of rotation (213) with respect to the first actuating lever (210). A valve actuating device having an engaging portion 217 surrounding the second actuating lever 211 in such a way as to form a stop 89 defining a stop 89 relative to the second actuating lever 211 and/or the engaging device 10. (100). 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the side of the second cam (215) rises later than the side of the first cam (214) with respect to the direction of rotation depending on the operation of the shaft (216), and The contours of the first cam 214 and the second cam 215 are such that the actuating motion of the second actuating lever 211 is greater than the valve lift curve (IVC - 480) generated by the actuating movement of the first actuating lever 210. A valve actuating device (100) configured in a way to produce a large and longer in time valve lift curve (IVC - 580). Internal combustion engine (101) with at least one valve actuating device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.