KR20230124892A - Insulated glass unit, method for manufacturing an insulated glass unit and method for operating a dynamic shade within an insulated glass unit, substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

Potential driven shades that can be used with insulated glass (IG) units, IG units incorporating such shades, and/or related methods are provided. In this unit, the dynamic shade is positioned between the substrates 102 and 104 defining the IG unit and is movable between a retracted and an extended position. The dynamic shade includes a shutter 312 as well as on-glass layers including a transparent conductor and an insulator or dielectric film. The shutter includes an elastomeric based layer and a conductive layer. A first voltage is applied to the transparent conductor to cause the shutter to extend to the closed position, and a second voltage is applied to the stop 504 to electrostatically hold the shutter 312 in the closed position. When the shutter 312 is unfolded to the closed position, the first voltage level and the second voltage level may decrease, and the decrease for the first voltage level is greater than the decrease for the second voltage level.

Description

Insulated glass unit, method for manufacturing an insulated glass unit and method for operating a dynamic shade within an insulated glass unit, substrate

This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17/138,528, filed on December 30, 2020, which is followed by U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 16/947,014, filed on July 15, 2020, and 2020 Continuing in part from Ser. No. 16/779,927, filed Feb. 03, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

technology field

Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a shade that can be used with an insulated glass unit (IG unit or IGU), an IG unit comprising such a shade, and/or a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to potentiometric drive shades usable with IG units, IG units incorporating such shades, and/or methods of making the same.

Background technology and content of invention

The building sector is known for its high energy consumption, accounting for 30 to 40% of the world's primary energy consumption. Operating costs such as heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting account for most of this consumption, especially in older buildings built under less stringent energy-efficient building standards.

For example, windows provide natural light, fresh air, access, and connection to the outside world. However, they also often symbolize important sources of wasted energy. With the increasing use of architectural windows, balancing the conflicting interests of energy efficiency and human comfort is becoming increasingly important. Additionally, concerns about global warming and carbon footprint are adding impetus to new energy efficient glazing systems.

In this respect, windows are usually the "weak link" in a building's insulation, and when considering modern architectural designs, which often include all-glass facades, the use of better insulated windows can help control and reduce energy waste. It is clear that this is advantageous. Thus, there are significant advantages both environmentally and economically to the development of highly insulating windows.

Insulated glass units (IG units or IGUs) have been developed to provide improved insulation to buildings and other structures, and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic of an exemplary IG unit. In the exemplary IG unit of FIG. 1 , the first and second substrates 102 and 104 are substantially parallel and spaced apart from each other. A spacer system (106) is provided around the periphery of the first and second substrates (102, 104) so that they can be maintained in substantially parallel and spaced apart relation to each other with a gap or space (108) defined therebetween. make it possible In some cases gap 108 can be at least partially filled with an inert gas (eg, Ar, Kr, Xe, etc.) to improve the insulating properties of the entire IG unit, for example. In some cases an optional external seal may be provided in addition to the spacer system 106 .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Windows are a special element in most buildings in that they function to "supply" energy to the building in the form of winter solar gain and daylight year around. However, modern window technology often leads to excessive heating costs in the winter, excessive cooling costs in the summer, and often fails to take advantage of the sunlight that enables dimming or turning off the lights in much of the country's commercial inventory.

Thin-film technology is one promising way to improve window performance. For example, thin films can be applied directly on glass during production, or directly on polymeric webs that can be retrofitted into existing windows at a correspondingly lower cost. And over the last 20 years, the use of static or "passive" low-emissivity (low-E) coatings and the reduction of the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) through the use of spectral selective low-e coatings, primarily for window Progress has been made to reduce the U-value of . For example, a low-e coating may be used in conjunction with an IG unit such as that shown in FIG. 1 and described in relation thereto. However, further improvements are still possible.

Take into account, for example, the desire to provide improved insulation for buildings, etc., take advantage of the sun's ability to "supply" energy into the interior, and also provide privacy in an "on demand" manner. It will be appreciated that it would be desirable to provide a more dynamic IG unit option that It will also be appreciated that it is desirable for such products to be aesthetically pleasing.

Certain example embodiments address these and/or other issues. For example, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to potentiometric driven shades that can be used with IG units, IG units that include such shades, and/or methods of making the same.

In certain exemplary embodiments, an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided. The first substrate and the second substrate each have inner and outer major surfaces, the inner major surface of the first substrate facing the inner major surface of the second substrate. The spacer system helps to hold the first and second substrates in a substantially parallel and spaced apart relationship with each other and define a gap therebetween. An anchor and a stop are provided, at least a portion of the stop being electrically conductive. A dynamically controllable shade is interposed between the first and second substrates. The shade may include a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the inner main surface of the first substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer opposite the first substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. The control circuit: provides a first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to a shutter closed position; and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a substrate comprising an anchor and a stop is provided, wherein at least a portion of the stop is electrically conductive. A dynamically controllable shade is provided, the shade comprising: a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer on the opposite side of the substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and the conductive portion of the stop portion are all connectable to a control circuit comprising: the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate into a shutter closed position. 2 providing a first voltage to the conductive layer; and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a method of manufacturing an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided. The method includes having a first substrate and a second substrate having inner and outer major surfaces respectively, the inner major surface of the first substrate facing the inner major surface of the second substrate. Anchors and stops are provided. At least a portion of the stop portion is electrically conductive. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. a first conductive layer wherein a dynamically controllable shade is provided on the first and/or second substrate, the shade being provided directly or indirectly on the inner major surface of the first substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer opposite the first substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. The first and second conductive layers and the conductive portions of the stop portion (a) provide a first voltage to the first and second conductive layers to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to a shutter closed position; and (b) a control circuit configured to provide a second voltage to an electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop. The first and second substrates are connected to each other in a substantially parallel and spaced apart relationship so that a gap is defined therebetween and a dynamically controllable shade is placed within the gap.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a method of operating a dynamic shade in an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided. The method includes having an IG unit made according to the techniques disclosed herein; and optionally activating a power source to move the polymeric substrate between a shutter open position and a shutter closed position.

The features, aspects, advantages, and exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined to realize additional embodiments.

These and other features and advantages may be better and more completely understood by referring to the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary insulated glass unit (IG unit or IGU).
2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example IGU that includes a potentiometric driven shade usable in connection with certain example embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating exemplary on-glass components of the exemplary IGU of FIG. 2 enabling shutter operation, according to certain exemplary embodiments.
4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary shutter of the exemplary IGU of FIG. 2, according to certain exemplary embodiments.
5 is a plan view of a substrate including the on-glass component of the FIG. 3 example and the shutter component of the FIG. 4 example, according to certain example embodiments.
6 is a schematic diagram of a first example shade with electrostatic retraction features implemented using two independent voltage sources, in accordance with certain example embodiments.
7 is a schematic diagram of a second example shade with an electrostatic lifting feature implemented using voltage supplies, in accordance with certain example embodiments.
8 is a cross-sectional view of a first shutter usable in conjunction with electrostatic retraction, according to certain exemplary embodiments.
9 is a cross-sectional view of a second shutter usable in connection with electrostatic retraction, according to certain exemplary embodiments.
10 is a cross-sectional view of a third shutter usable in connection with electrostatic retraction, according to certain exemplary embodiments.
11 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a dynamic shade system that includes an electrostatic latching stop bar, in accordance with certain example embodiments.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart detailing how the FIG. 11 shade system may operate in certain example embodiments.
13 is a schematic diagram of an example system for controlling operation of a shutter that includes a latching stop bar, in accordance with certain example embodiments.
14 shows an example control circuit that may be part of a controller that may be used in connection with FIG. 13, according to certain example embodiments.

Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to potentiometrically driven shades that can be used with IG units, IG units that include such shades, and/or methods of making the same. Referring now more specifically to the drawings, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary insulated glass unit (IG unit or IGU) that includes a potentiometric driven shade usable in connection with certain exemplary embodiments. More specifically, FIG. 2 shows substantially parallel and spaced apart first and second glass substrates 102, 104 separated from each other using a spacer system 106, with a gap 108 defined therebetween. It is similar to Figure 1 in that it becomes. A first potentiometric driven shade and a second potentiometric driven shade 202a, 202b are provided in the gap 108 proximate the inner major surfaces of the first and second substrates 102, 104, respectively. As will become clearer from the description provided below, the shades 202a and 202b are controlled by the creation of a potential difference between the shades 202a and 202b and the conductive coating formed on the inner surface of the substrates 102 and 104, respectively. Additionally, as will become clearer from the description provided below, each shade 202a, 202b uses a polymeric film coated with a conductive coating (eg, a coating comprising a layer comprising Al, Cr, ITO, etc.) can be created by Aluminum-coated shades can provide partial to complete reflection of visible light and a significant amount of total solar energy.

Shades 202a, 202b are normally retracted (e.g., rolled up), but when appropriate voltages are applied, substrates 102, 104, eg, just like a “conventional” window shade. ) quickly expands (eg, is rolled out) to cover at least a portion of the . The rolled-up shade can have a very small diameter, typically much smaller than the width of the gap 108 between the first and second substrates 102, 104, so that it can function between the substrates; , when rolled up, can be essentially obscured from view. The rolled-out shades 202a, 202b are strongly adhered to their respective adjacent substrates 102, 104.

Shades 202a, 202b extend along all or a portion of the vertical length of the visible or “framed” area of substrate 102, 104 from a contracted configuration to an expanded configuration. In the retracted configuration, the shades 202a and 202b have a first surface area that substantially permits radiation transmission through the framed area. In an extended configuration, the shades 202a and 202b have a second surface area that substantially controls the transmission of radiation through the framed area. Shades 202a, 202b may have a width extending across all or a portion of the horizontal width of the framed area of the substrate 102, 104 to which they are attached.

Each shade 202a, 202b is disposed between the first and second substrates 102, 104, each preferably at one end of an interior surface near the top (or a dielectric or other layer disposed thereon). attached An adhesive layer may be used in this regard. In FIG. 2 , shades 202a and 204b are shown partially rolled out (partially expanded). The shades 202a, 202b and any adhesive layer or other mounting configuration are preferably hidden from view so that the shades 202a, 202b are only visible when at least partially rolled out.

The fully rolled up shade preferably has a diameter of about 1 to 5 mm, but may be greater than 5 mm in certain exemplary embodiments. Preferably, the diameter of the rolled-up shade is no greater than the width of gap 108, which is typically about 10 to 25 mm (sometimes 10 to 15 mm) to help facilitate rapid and repeated roll-out and roll-up operations. Although two shades 202a and 202b are shown in the example of FIG. 2 , it will be understood that certain exemplary embodiments may provide only one shade, and that either the inner substrate or the outer substrate 102 or 104). In an exemplary embodiment where there are two shades, their combined diameter is preferably no greater than the width of the gap 108, eg, to facilitate roll-out and roll-up operations of both shades.

An electronic controller may be provided to assist in driving the shades 202a and 202b. The electronic controller may be electrically connected to the substrates 102 and 104 as well as the shades 202a and 202b, for example via suitable leads and the like. The lead may be concealed from view through the assembled IG unit. The electronic controller is configured to provide output voltages to the shades 202a and 202b, respectively, relative to the conductive layers in the substrates 102 and 104. In certain exemplary embodiments, output voltages in the range of about 100 to 600 V DC may be used to drive the shades 202a and 202b. An external AC or DC power supply, DC battery, or the like may be used in this regard. It will be appreciated that higher or lower output voltages may be provided, depending on, for example, fabrication parameters and materials that make up the shades 202a, 202b, the layers on the substrates 102, 104, and the like.

The controller may be coupled to a manual switch, remote (eg, wireless) control, or other input device to indicate, for example, whether the shades 202a, 202b should be retracted or extended. In certain exemplary embodiments, the electronic controller operates in a memory that stores instructions for receiving and decoding control signals that selectively, in turn, cause voltage to be applied to control extension and/or retraction of the shades 202a, 202b. It may include a processor possibly coupled thereto. Additional instructions may be provided to realize other functions. For example, a timer can be provided so that the shades 202a, 202b can be programmed to extend and retract at user-specified or other times, and the shades 202a, 202b will be activated when a user-specified indoor and/or outdoor temperature is reached. A temperature sensor can be provided so that it can be programmed to expand and contract, and a light sensor can be provided so that the shades 202a and 202b can be programmed to expand and contract based on the amount of light outside the structure.

Although two shades 202a and 202b are shown in FIG. 2, as noted above, certain exemplary embodiments may include only a single shade. Also, as noted above, such a shade may be designed to extend vertically and horizontally across substantially the entire IG unit, and different exemplary embodiments may include a shade that covers only a portion of the IG unit on which the shade is disposed. there is. In this case, a number of shades can be provided to give a more selectable range, to account for internal or external structures such as mutin bars, to simulate plantation shutters, and the like. As another example, a first shade can cover a first portion of the window (eg, the top or left/right portion) and a second shade can cover a second portion of the window (eg, the bottom or right/left portion). ) can be covered. As another example, the first, second and third shades may be provided to cover different approximately one-third portions of a given window.

In certain exemplary embodiments, locking restraints may be placed under the IGU to prevent the shade from rolling out its entire length, for example along part or all of the width of the IGU. The locking restraint may be made of a conductive material such as metal or the like. Additionally, the locking restraint may be coated with a low dissipation factor polymer, such as, for example, polypropylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like.

Exemplary details of the operation of shades 202a and 202b will now be provided with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4 . More specifically, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating exemplary “on-glass” components from the exemplary IGU of FIG. 2 that enable shutter operation, according to certain exemplary embodiments, and FIG. 4 is a specific exemplary embodiment. A cross-sectional view of an exemplary shutter from the exemplary IGU of FIG. 2 , according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a glass substrate 302 that can be used for either or both of the substrates 102 and 104 of FIG. 2 . Glass substrate 302 supports on-glass component 304 and shutter 312 . In certain exemplary embodiments, when unrolled, conductor 404 may be closer to substrate 302 than ink layer 406 . In another exemplary embodiment, this arrangement may be reversed, such that, for example, when unrolled, the conductor 404 may be farther from the substrate 302 than the ink layer 406 .

The on-glass component 304 includes a dielectric material 308 and a transparent conductor 306 that can be bonded to the substrate 302, such as via a transparent low-haze adhesive 310. These materials are preferably substantially transparent. In certain exemplary embodiments, transparent conductor 306 is electrically connected to leads to the controller through terminals. In certain exemplary embodiments, transparent conductor 306 serves as the stationary electrode of the capacitor and dielectric material 308 serves as the capacitor's dielectric. In this case, a dielectric or insulator film separated from the shutter is provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer.

It will be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, by placing all of the dielectric layers on the shade, it is possible to expose a bare conductive (flat) substrate, for example a glass substrate supporting a conductive coating. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, polymeric film insulator 308 may be provided on/integrated as part of shutter 312 rather than provided on/integrated as part of substrate 302 . That is, the shutter 312 may further support the dielectric or insulator film 308 thereon, such that when the at least one polymeric substrate is in the shutter closed position and the shutter is extended, the dielectric or insulator film is the first conductive layer. and can be brought into direct physical contact without any other layer between them.

Transparent conductor 306 may be formed from any suitable material, such as, for example, ITO, tin oxide (eg, SnO ₂ or other suitable stoichiometry), and the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, transparent conductor 306 may be between 10 and 500 nm thick. In certain exemplary embodiments, dielectric material 308 may be a low loss factor polymer. Suitable materials include, for example, polypropylene, FEP, PTFE, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, dielectric material 308 may have a thickness of 1 to 30 microns (eg, 4 to 25 microns). The thickness of the dielectric material 308 may be selected to balance the amount of voltage with the reliability of the shade (e.g., thinner dielectric layers typically reduce reliability, while thicker dielectric layers typically reduce the amount of voltage for operational purposes). higher applied voltage required).

As is known, many low emissivity (low-E) coatings are conductive. Thus, in certain example embodiments, a low-e coating may be used in place of the transparent conductor 306 in certain example embodiments. The low-e coating may be a silver-based low-e coating, for example, where one, two, three, or more layers comprising Ag may be interposed between dielectric layers. In this case, the need for adhesive 310 may be reduced or completely eliminated.

The shutter 312 may include an elastic layer 402 . In certain exemplary embodiments, a conductor 404 may be used on one side of the elastic layer 402, and decorative ink 406 may optionally be applied to the other side. In certain exemplary embodiments, conductor 404 may be transparent and, as noted, decorative ink 406 is optional. In certain exemplary embodiments, conductor 404 and/or decorative ink 406 may be translucent or otherwise impart a coloring or aesthetic feature to shutter 312 . In certain exemplary embodiments, elastic layer 402 may be formed from a shrinkable polymer, such as PEN, PET, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, elastic layer 402 may be between 1 and 25 microns thick. In different exemplary embodiments, conductor 404 may be formed from the same or different materials used for conductor 306 . For example, metal or metal oxide materials may be used. In certain exemplary embodiments, materials from 10 to 50 nm thick including layers comprising, for example, ITO, Al, Ni, NiCr, tin oxide, and the like may be used. In certain exemplary embodiments, the sheet resistivity of conductor 404 may range from 40 to 200 ohms/square. It will be appreciated that different conductivity values and/or thicknesses (eg, exemplary thicknesses set forth in the table below) may be used in different exemplary embodiments.

The decorative ink 406 may include pigments, particles, and/or other materials that selectively reflect and/or absorb desired visible colors and/or infrared light. In certain exemplary embodiments, additional decorative ink may be applied to the shutter 312 on the side of the conductor 404 opposite the elastic layer 402 .

As FIG. 2 shows, the shades 202a and 202b are generally coiled as helical rolls, with the outer ends of the spirals being glued to substrates 102, 104 (or, for example, a dielectric thereon). to) is attached. The conductor 404 may be electrically connected to a lead or the like through a terminal, and may serve as a variable electrode of a capacitor having the conductor 306 as a fixed electrode and the dielectric 308 as a dielectric.

When an electrical drive is provided between the variable electrode and the fixed electrode, for example when an electrical drive of voltage or charge or current is applied between the conductor 404 of the shutter 312 and the conductor 306 on the substrate 302 , the shutter 312 is pulled toward the substrate 302 through the electrostatic force generated by the potential difference between the two electrodes. The attractive force on the variable electrode rolls out the coiled shade. The electrostatic force on the variable electrode causes the shutter 312 to be held firmly against the fixed electrode of the substrate 302. As a result, the ink coating layer 406 of the shade can selectively reflect or absorb specific visible colors and/or infrared rays by being interposed in the light path passing through the IG unit. In this way, the rolled-out shades help control radiation transmission by selectively blocking and/or reflecting certain light or other radiation from passing through the IG unit, thereby changing the overall function of the IG unit from transmissive to partially or selectively transmissive. or even opaque in some cases.

When the electrical drive between the variable electrode and the fixed electrode is removed, the electrostatic force on the variable electrode is removed as well. The spring constant present in the elastic layer 402 and conductor 404 causes the shade to roll up back to its original, tightly wound position. Since the movement of the shade is primarily controlled by the capacitive circuit, current by default only flows while the shade is being rolled out or rolled up. As a result, the shade's average power consumption is extremely low. In this way, at least in some cases, several standard AA batteries can be used to run the shade for many years.

In one example, the substrate 302 may be a 3 mm thick clear glass commercially available from the assignee. An acrylic-based adhesive having low-haze may be used for the adhesive layer 310 . Sputtered ITO with a resistivity of 100 to 300 ohms/square may be used for conductor 306. The polymeric film may be a low-haze (eg, <1% haze) PET material that is 12 microns thick. A PVC-based ink, commercially available from Sun Chemical Inc., applied to a thickness of 3 to 8 microns, may be used as the decorative ink 406. A 6, 12, or 25 micron thick PEN material commercially available from DuPont may be used for the elastic layer 402. For opaque conductors, evaporated Al with a nominal thickness of 375 nm can be used. For the transparent option, sputtered ITO can be used. In both cases, the sheet resistivity may be between 100 and 400 ohms/square. (If aluminum is used, the sheet resistance may be less than 100 ohm/sq; in certain exemplary embodiments, the sheet resistance may be less than 1 ohm/sq.) In certain exemplary embodiments, ITO or other conductive The material(s) may be sputtered onto, or otherwise formed on, their respective polymeric carrier layers. Of course, these exemplary materials, thicknesses, electrical properties, and various combinations and subcombinations thereof, etc., should not be considered limiting unless specifically stated otherwise.

As can be seen from the above description, the dynamic shade mechanism uses a coiled polymer with a conductive layer. In certain exemplary embodiments, the conductor may be formed integrally with the polymer 402 or may be an external coating applied, deposited, or otherwise formed on the polymer 402 . Also as described above, decorative ink 406 may be used with a transparent conductive material (eg, based on ITO) and/or only partially transparent or opaque conductive layers. In certain exemplary embodiments, an opaque or only partially transparent conductive layer may eliminate the need for ink. In this regard, in certain exemplary embodiments, a metal or substantially metallic material may be used. Aluminum is one exemplary material that can be used with or without decorative ink.

One or more overcoat layers may be provided on the conductor to help reduce visible light reflection, help change the color of the shade to provide a more aesthetically pleasing product, and/or “splitting” the conductor. By doing so, a phase shifter layer may appear between them. Thus, an overcoat may be included to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the overall shade. Thus, shutter 312 may include a reflection-reducing overcoat, a dielectric mirror overcoat, or the like. Such a reflection-reducing overcoat and dielectric mirror overcoat may be provided on the major surface of the shade polymer 402 comprising (eg) PEN on the conductor 404 and opposite the decorative ink 406 . However, it will be appreciated that ink 406 need not be provided, for example, if conductor 404 is not transparent. For example, a mirror coating such as Al may eliminate the need for decorative ink 406. It will also be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, a reflection-reducing overcoat and a dielectric mirror overcoat may be provided on major surfaces of shade polymer 402 comprising (eg) PEN opposite conductor 404. will be.

In addition to or in lieu of using optical interference techniques to reduce reflections, a textured surface is added to the base polymer to chemically or physically modify the conductive layer and/or to achieve the same or similar purpose, for example; It is also possible to add an ink layer to achieve a further reduction of unwanted reflections, etc.

Given that the membranes and/or other materials that make up the shutters must withstand multiple rolling and unrolling operations as a function of the overall shade, the materials can be selected to have mechanical and/or other properties that facilitate this; It will be appreciated that a stack of entire layers may be formed. For example, excessive stress in the thin film layer stack is commonly considered detrimental. However, in some cases, excessive stress may cause cracking, “delamination”/removal, and/or other damage to conductor 404 and/or the overcoat layer or layers formed thereon. Thus, in certain exemplary embodiments, low stress (and particularly low tensile stress) may be particularly desirable with respect to the layer(s) formed on the polymeric base of the shutter.

In this regard, the adhesion of the sputtered thin film depends, among other things, on the stress in the deposited film. One way to control stress is to use deposition pressure. Stress versus sputtering pressure does not follow a monotonic curve, but instead bends at a transition pressure that is inherently unique to each material and is a function of the ratio of the material's vaporization (or melting temperature) to substrate temperature. Stress engineering can be achieved through gas pressure optimization with these guidelines in mind.

Other physical and mechanical properties of the shade that can be considered include the modulus of elasticity of the polymer and the layer formed thereon, the density ratio of the layer (which can affect the stress I strain), and the like. These properties can be balanced with their influence on internal reflection, conductivity, etc.

As is known, the temperature inside the IG unit can rise significantly. For example, it has been observed that an IG unit according to the example of FIG. 2 and comprising a black pigment can reach a temperature of 87° C., which is eg in a high solar radiation climate with elevated temperatures of the black portion of the shade ( For example, if you are facing the sun in the southwestern United States, such as Arizona). The use of PEN materials for rollable/non-rollable polymers can be advantageous because PEN has a higher glass transition temperature (about 120° C.) compared to other common polymers such as: PET (Tg = 67-81° C.) , polypropylene or PP (Tg = about 32° C.). However, when PEN is exposed to temperatures close to its glass transition temperature, the otherwise beneficial performance of the material's mechanical properties (including its modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensile strength, stress relaxation coefficient, etc.) deteriorates over time, particularly May deteriorate with exposure to elevated temperatures. If these mechanical properties are significantly degraded, the shade may no longer function (eg, the shade does not shrink).

In order to make the shade better able to withstand elevated temperature environments, substitution of PEN with a polymer having better elevated temperature resistance may be beneficial. Two potential polymers include PEEK and polyimide (PI or Kapton). PEEK has a Tg of about 142°C, and Kapton HN has a Tg of about 380°C. All of these materials have better mechanical properties in elevated temperature environments compared to PEN. This is especially true at temperatures above 100°C. The charts below demonstrate this by referring to the mechanical properties of PEN (Teonex), PEEK, and PI (Kapton HN). In the chart, UTS stands for Ultimate Tensile Strength.

Changing the shade base material from the current material (PEN) to an alternative polymer (e.g. PEEK or PI/Kapton) with increased elevated-temperature mechanical properties is beneficial, especially if the shade is installed in a hot climate. It will be appreciated that it may be advantageous in being able to better withstand internal IG temperatures. It will be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, the use of alternative polymers may be used in conjunction with shutters and/or on-glass layers.

In addition, or alternatively, certain exemplary embodiments may use dyed polymeric materials. For example, dyed PEN, PEEK, PI/Kapton, or other polymers can be used to create shades with a suite of colors and/or aesthetics. For example, dyed polymers may be advantageous for implementation in transparent/translucent applications, eg where the shade conductive layer is a transparent conductive coating or the like.

Alternative conductive materials may be used that advantageously modify the spring force of the coiled shade to allow use in a variety of lengths. In this regard, properties of the conductive layer that increase the strength of the coil include an increase in the modulus of elasticity, an increase in the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the polymeric substrate and the conductive layer, and an increase in the modulus of elasticity to density ratio. Some of the pure metals that can be used to increase coil strength compared to Al or Cr include Ni, W, Mo, Ti, and Ta. The elastic moduli of the studied metal layers range from 70 GPa for Al to 330 GPa for Mo. The CTE of the studied metal layers ranges from 23.5 × 10 ^-6 /k for Al to 4.8 × 10 ^-6 /k for Mo. In general, the higher the modulus of elasticity, the higher the CTE mismatch between PEN or other polymers and the metal, the lower the density, etc., the better the material choice for coil formation. It has been found that by incorporating Mo and Ti-based conductive layers into the shade, the spring force of the coil is significantly higher than that achievable with Al. For example, a polymeric substrate based on PEN, PEEK, PI, etc. can support a layer comprising Al (in order away from the substrate) followed by a layer comprising Mo. Thin film layer(s) of conductive coating having a higher modulus and lower CTE than Al and/or the conductive coating itself may be provided.

A PEN, PI, or other polymeric substrate used as a shutter may support a thin layer comprising Al and a conductive layer comprising Mo, Ti, etc. directly or indirectly thereon for stress engineering purposes. The conductive layer may support a corrosion resistant layer comprising Al, Ti, stainless steel, or the like. The side of the substrate opposite these layers may optionally support decorative ink or the like.

5 is a plan view of a substrate 102 that includes the on-glass component 304 of the FIG. 3 example and the shutter component 312 of the FIG. 4 example, according to certain example embodiments. The shutter 312 extends from the anchor bar 502 towards the stop 504 when moved to the shutter closed position. The shutter retracts from the stop 504 towards the anchor bar 502 as it moves to the shutter open position.

Certain exemplary embodiments may include micro-perforations or through-holes that allow light to pass through the shade and provide a gradual amount of solar transmittance based on the angle of the sun.

Additional fabrication, operation, and/or other details and alternatives may be implemented. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 8,982,441; 8,736,938; 8,134,112; 8,035,075; 7,705,826; and 7,645,977, as well as US Application Serial No. 16/028,546, filed July 6, 2018, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Among other things, aperture configurations, polymeric materials, conductive coating design, stress engineering concepts, building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), and other details are disclosed therein and at least such teachings will be included in certain exemplary embodiments. can

As can be appreciated from the above description, one problem associated with dynamic shade design relates to the formation of retractable shutters. In particular, attention can be paid to selecting and implementing materials that have sufficient spring force to allow automatic contraction over time. Manufacturing parameters are set to ensure that the shutter is properly created to have sufficient spring force to cause retraction, and to ensure that the shutter maintains the spring force sufficient to cause retraction over the life of the integrated window or other product. Tight control will often be important. If the spring constant is not sufficient or weakens over time, the shutter may "stuck" in an extended or partially extended position. This may be the case even if no voltage is applied, simply because the spring constant will be insufficient to cause rolling again. Additionally, even if the spring constant is properly formulated and maintained high enough to provide, at least theoretically, shedding over time, after repeated use, static charge can build up. This charge accumulation can cause the shutter to become "stuck" in an extended or partially extended position in a manner similar to that described above, even when no power is provided. In this context, "pole swapping" refers to a natural phenomenon that can interfere with the shutter's operation and can be thought of as being related to surface charge (on a dielectric surface) or semi-permanent electrostatic polarization (of a dielectric volume). may interfere with operation. And, due to closed systems, it can be difficult, sometimes even impossible, to repair and/or replace defective shutters and/or shutters that have “worn out” over time, systems that have accumulated excessive charge and/or have switched polarity, etc. there is.

In certain exemplary embodiments, one potential may be used to assist in unfolding the shutter in one direction, and another potential may be used to walk the shade in the other direction opposite to the original direction. For example, a shutter can be designed as a layer stack so that the circuitry connected thereto can be selectively switched between providing a downward force and providing an upward force. As described in more detail below, an electric field may be provided to enable lifting. The electric field may be set to simply encourage retraction in certain exemplary embodiments (eg, when a shutter is stuck). In certain exemplary embodiments, the electric field may be set for full lift-off operation.

In this way, certain exemplary embodiments can help solve the polarity swapping and charge accumulation problem, while also providing an approach to overcoming the aging and deterioration of springs over time (e.g., can promote durability and improve lifespan). Additionally or alternatively, certain illustrative embodiments allow materials with lower spring constants to be used, which techniques use at least once at the start of unwinding, and/or when the unwinding stops, in small amounts. because it can be used simply to "encourage" the winding of This can also be advantageous because manufacturing tolerances can be loosened and ease of manufacture can be promoted.

Certain exemplary embodiments provide a dynamic shade having alternating conductive and dielectric layers. For example, at least four layers alternating between conductive and dielectric layers may be provided in certain exemplary embodiments. When the shade partially curls (eg, when a portion of the shade remains flat), the conductive layers are separated from each other by dielectric layers. A voltage applied between the conductive layers creates an electric field that pulls the rolled part to the flattened part, walking through the shade.

6 is a schematic diagram of a first example shade 602 with an electrostatic lifting feature implemented using two independent voltage sources 604a, 604b, in accordance with certain example embodiments. In Figure 6, shade polymers are omitted for clarity. The two voltage sources 604a and 604b are independently controllable. The first voltage supply provides the normal function as a standard shade. In FIG. 6 , the first voltage source 604a is shown with the lower voltage symbol, and its negative terminal is connected to the backplane conductor, which is an on-glass component (e.g., described with respect to FIG. 3). 304) may be a conductor 306 positioned below the dielectric 308. In normal operation, this is a variable supply whose polarity and voltage can be reversed.

A second voltage source activates the reverse rolling force. In FIG. 6 , the second voltage source 604b is shown as an upper voltage symbol. An increase in the potential difference of the second voltage source 604b creates an electric field E between the first conductive layer 606a and the second conductive layer 606b on the rollable shutter. The first and second conductive layers 606a, 606b, as understood from the above, are separated by first and second dielectric layers 608a, 608b. The resulting torque T produces a force F acting counterclockwise (in this schematic and in this exemplary orientation) to the left. In operation, the generated torque produces a force acting towards the retracted state (upper in the case of a generally upright and substantially vertical installation) in a rolling direction opposite to deployment (in a generally upright and substantially vertical installation). counterclockwise direction). Of course, it will be appreciated that the torque will depend in part on the viewpoint. For example, when a shade is deployed to the left, or when the same shade is viewed from opposite edges, the torque appears clockwise.

7 is a schematic diagram of a second example shade 702 with an electrostatic lifting feature implemented using voltage supplies, in accordance with certain example embodiments. In Figure 7, shade polymers are omitted for clarity. Shade 702 of FIG. 7 is similar to shade 602 of FIG. 6 . As above, the increase in potential difference creates an electric field E between the first conductive layer 606a and the second conductive layer 606b on the rollable shutter. The first and second conductive layers 606a and 606b are separated by first and second dielectric layers 608a and 608b. The generated torque T creates a force F, which serves to encourage the shutter to be fully retracted. FIG. 7 differs from FIG. 6 in terms of the control circuitry 704 used. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, a two-phase H-bridge with series connected inductors can be extended and generalized to include a third electrode, forming a three-phase bridge. A three-phase bridge circuit can be realized using low-cost gate driver techniques commonly used in high voltage motor controllers (eg, for the hybrid vehicle industry). Circuitry 704 includes three individually connected inductors in series with each bridge output terminal to enable energy recovery for high efficiency.

As noted above, 100 to 600 V DC is adequate for unfolding in most applications, and the same or similar ranges may be used for unfolding. In certain exemplary embodiments, the voltage output of the bridge output terminals can be maintained somewhere between +- supply voltage by appropriate limiting of the current. Any suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform may be used in certain exemplary embodiments. In this regard, PWM usually requires voltage and/or current measurements to provide a feedback signal in the control loop. It will be appreciated that the exact duty cycle and duration can be determined by one skilled in the art. In certain exemplary embodiments, a two-phase “H-bridge” or three-phase bridge may be seen as advantageous over the circuit of (eg) FIG. 6, since only a single voltage supply is required.

As noted above, the shutter 312 may include a biaxially oriented polymer based layer (eg, including or including PEN). The polymer-based layer may be coated with a metal conductor on one side and then coated with an ink coating on one or both sides. In this configuration, both the ink layer(s) and the polymer based layer act as dielectrics.

8 is a cross-sectional view of a first shutter 312' usable in conjunction with electrostatic retraction, according to certain exemplary embodiments. Shutters 312' for use with electrostatic retraction may have alternating conductive and dielectric layers, as described above. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , four layers, for example (eg, in addition to the shade polymer layer) may be provided as a minimum in certain exemplary embodiments.

Shutters 312' for use with electrostatic retraction according to FIG. 8 may be constructed by adapting or modifying the example of FIG. 4 . For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, both sides of the polymer-based layer 402 (eg, or including PEN, etc.) are coated with a metal or other conductive coating, and then on one or both sides. An ink coating may be provided. Providing ink on both sides can help create a more desirable aesthetic appearance in certain exemplary embodiments, since the shade will not have a shiny metallic appearance when viewing either side of the shade. Thus, in FIG. 8 , a polymer-based layer 402 is interposed between first and second conductive (eg, metal) layers 606a, 606b, and first and second dielectric (eg, ink) layers 608a, 608b) also interposes a polymer based layer 402 between them. As shown in FIG. 8 , first and second dielectric layers 608a and 608b are formed on surfaces opposite to those of first and second conductive layers 606a and 606b adjacent to polymer based layer 402 . is provided on

Exemplary thicknesses for the layers are provided in the table below:

In general, when aluminum is used for layer 606b, a thickness of at least 30 nm is desirable to enable good electrical contact. It will be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, the ink itself may be formulated for conductivity. In some such cases, one conductive layer (eg, layer 606b comprising aluminum) may be replaced with a conductive ink that essentially combines layers 606b and 608b into a single layer, for example. .

In certain exemplary embodiments, the ink layers have the same thickness (eg, 2 μm). Different inks and/or colors vary in opacity, but a 2 μm thickness is usually an approximate minimum required to produce an opaque coating. The shade polymer (eg PEN) layer and the first conductive layer, which is or includes aluminum, can be of standard thickness for shutters lacking electrostatic roll-up. The “added” second conductive layer, which is or includes aluminum, may be provided at a smaller thickness than the first conductive layer, which is or includes aluminum. This may be desirable in certain exemplary embodiments to help reduce variation in mechanical properties for a shade. For example, a good shade with a low probability of cracking or delamination and a good spring constant can be realized. This thickness arrangement is believed to be beneficial in certain exemplary embodiments to help maintain compatibility with the thermal process used to form the shade, including, for example, processing flat materials to create curls. Turns out.

9 is a cross-sectional view of a second shutter 312″ usable in conjunction with electrostatic lifting, according to certain exemplary embodiments. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a different tension lamination in certain exemplary embodiments. For example, two (or more) major components can be fabricated The first component is a first polymer based layer (including or including PET, PEN, etc.) 902a ) This first polymer-based layer 902a may include, on opposite major surfaces thereof, a first dielectric (eg, ink) layer 608a and a first conductive (eg, metal) layer 606a In a similar manner, the second component may include a second polymer based layer 902b (including or including PET, PEN, etc.). 902b) supports, on opposite major surfaces thereof, a second dielectric (eg, ink) layer 608b and a second conductive (eg, metal) layer 606b.

A mechanical spring force develops into a different tension between the first conductive layer 902a (which, as above, may be or include aluminum) and the second conductive layer 902b. A pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) or “adhesive” layer 904 connects the two components together. Furthermore, the adhesive 904 acts as a dielectric to separate the first conductive layer 902a and the second conductive layer 902b. Additionally or alternatively, thermal bonding may be used in certain exemplary embodiments. In this regard, polyethylene (e.g., LDPE) can be bonded without additional adhesives at moderate temperatures compatible with other processing operations. In this example, electrostatic peeling is caused by an electric field acting through both ink layers 608a, 608b and PET layers 902a, 902b.

Exemplary thicknesses for the layers are provided in the table below:

In certain exemplary embodiments, different materials may be used for the conductive (eg, metal) layers including the layers 606a, 606b comprising aluminum in the table above and/or the layers comprising PET in the table above ( Different materials may be used for the polymeric (eg, PET) layers comprising 902a, 902b). For example, PET, PEN, etc. may be used. In certain example embodiments, the order of the conductive layer and the polymeric layer may be reversed. For example, the following order of layers may be used in certain exemplary embodiments: ink I conductive (eg metal) layer I polymer / (optional) adhesive I polymer conductive (eg metal) layer / ink. Figure 10, a cross-sectional view of a third shutter 312"' usable in conjunction with electrostatic lifting, in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments, illustrates this arrangement. This arrangement shows a dielectric separating two conductive layers. This may be advantageous in certain exemplary embodiments in that it helps increase the effective thickness of the , which reduces the fixed value capacitance that does not contribute to retraction force and requires energy for charging. Identical or similar thicknesses may be used in this arrangement.

The total effective dielectric thickness includes the thickness of the ink layer as well as the PET layer and any entrapped air. In certain exemplary embodiments, this thickness may be between 4 and 120 μm, more preferably between 8 and 60 μm, with 14 μm being an example. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thicknesses of the first and second ink layers may be the same or substantially the same. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thicknesses of the first and second PET layers may be the same or substantially the same. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thicknesses of the first and second conductive (eg, metallic aluminum or other material) layers may be the same or substantially the same. In this case, "substantially the same" means less than 15% change in thickness, more preferably less than 10% change in thickness. In at least some cases, having a common thickness is available here. For a thermally worked shade with the same aluminum thickness, the stresses within the aluminum layers will cancel each other out, resulting in, for example, a very weak shade. Typically, compression within a single aluminum layer will be balanced by tension within the polymeric (eg PEN) layer.

Although the examples discussed with respect to FIGS. 8 and 9 list several candidate materials for conductive and polymer-based layers, any material described herein (and/or other suitable material) may be used in place of or in conjunction with such materials. you will understand that there is For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, the conductive layer can be or include Al, Cu, Mo, Ti, NiCr, and the like. Copper has been found to be advantageous in that it contains the high elasticity (elastic energy storage at yield stress) of available metal coatings, and maximum shade length has been found to correlate directly with elasticity. For high performance, an aluminum structure interposed with 60 nm copper, for example, can be implemented and can provide a high level of elasticity. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polymer based layer may be or include PEN, PET, PI, and the like. Although pressure sensitive adhesives have been described, it will be appreciated that other materials may be used to connect polymer based and/or other materials together. For example, laminates and other adhesives may be used.

An advantage of the electrostatic lifting concept described herein is that the electric field increases the pressure between the shade windings. This pressure increases the normal force between the layers and increases the interwinding friction force. If the interwinding static friction force is large enough, the windings cannot slide relative to each other. Without sliding, the shade will move in a straight line direction and will prevent it from bulging or distorting. Thus, certain exemplary embodiments are advantageous in that they reduce (and sometimes prevent their occurrence) the likelihood of distortion and/or canopy.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a voltage may be applied and may remain on until the shade is fully lifted. In certain example embodiments, the voltage to generate the electrostatic force for lifting may be provided at one or more predefined times and/or according to a timing pattern. For example, when lifting is triggered, a voltage may be provided to generate electrostatic force for lifting immediately and at predefined time intervals (eg, every 2 to 5 ms). The voltage for lifting may in certain example embodiments be cycled on and off according to a predefined pattern until the shade is determined to be in its fully rolled up state. Determination of complete roll-up may be accomplished by using optical means (e.g., scanning to determine if the shade is rolled up on top of the article on which it is placed or at other desired locations) (e.g., the roll over which the full thickness has been achieved). by triggering a passive actuator (caused by ), through electrical sensing (e.g. based on a conductive layer in contact with a bus line, etc. provided on top of the article on which the shade is placed or at other desired location), and the like.

In certain example embodiments, cycling may occur over a period during which the shade is expected to lift (eg, based on tests, etc.). For example, if a shade is known or expected to fully lift after 10 ms, 5 pulses, which may be provided at 2 ms intervals, may be provided to "encourage" full lift.

In addition to or as an alternative to providing a fixed timing for the pulses to facilitate lifting, optics, mechanical actuators, electrical means, etc. may be used in a manner similar to that described above to facilitate lifting "on-demand". demand)" voltage or not. That is, such means may be provided to help determine whether the shutter is “stuck” in an extended or only partially retracted state. If the shutter is determined to be stuck, regardless of whether fixed timing is used, a voltage can be generated to help promote the torque associated with retract rolling.

As another option that can be used with the above, a manual operation can trigger a voltage to encourage retraction. Such manual operation can be encouraged when a human user recognizes that the shutter is stuck, that the shutter has become a telescoping type, and the like.

A boosting transformer (eg, a flyback transformer) or the like may additionally or alternatively be incorporated in certain example embodiments to help further reduce, for example, the effects of pole swapping. The techniques described in US Application Serial No. 16/947,014, filed July 15, 2020, may be used in this regard. The entire contents of the '014 application are incorporated herein by reference.

To help further reduce (and potentially even eliminate) the voltage required to hold the shade in the extended position, certain exemplary embodiments may use, for example, a modified latching stop bar instead of the aforementioned locking restraint. there is. The modified latching stop bar of certain exemplary embodiments may in some cases allow the unfolded shade to retain very little stored energy. In addition, latching stop bars can help reduce or eliminate shock hazards, reduce power consumption, and increase battery life.

11 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a dynamic shade system that includes an electrostatic latching stop bar, in accordance with certain example embodiments. In Figure 11, the second substrate and spacer system are removed for ease of understanding. The components of FIG. 11 are similar to those shown and described above with respect to FIG. 3 . For example, the substrate 1102 supports on-glass components 1104 that include a first conductive coating 1106 supported by a first dielectric 1108 . These on-glass components 1104 are bonded to the substrate 1102 via a transparent, low haze adhesive 1110 . Materials the same or similar to those described above may be used in connection with the on-glass components 1104 . For example, the first conductive coating 1106 can include a layer comprising ITO, and the first dielectric 1108 can be, for example, a polymeric film insulator such as PET.

The shutter 1112 extends from the anchor bar 1122 towards the electrostatic latching stop bar 1124. An almost fully unfolded shutter roll 1112a is shown in the FIG. 11 schematic. Similar to FIG. 4 and related discussion, shutter 1112 includes, in order away from substrate 1102, an optional decorative ink layer, a second conductive coating supported by a shade polymer, and another optional decorative ink layer. contains layers of Materials the same or similar to those described above may be used in conjunction with the shutters 1112. For example, the shade polymer may include PEN; The second conductive coating may include ITO, Al, Mo, or other metal or the like.

While the designs shown and described with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4 may be used in certain example embodiments, the designs shown and described with respect to FIGS. 8-10 may be used with respect to other example embodiments. It will be understood that there is This may be useful in situations where it is desirable to implement both a latching stop bar as well as the retraction of a powered shutter.

The latching stop bar 1124 supports the dielectric material 1126 on the surface facing the anchor bar 1122 . The latching stop bar 1124 itself may include a relatively large conductive structure such as, for example, an aluminum extrusion, brass shim, or other conductor. The side of the latching stop bar 1124 facing the anchor bar 1122 may have a profile that helps receive the shutter roll 1112a as it is unfolded. As shown schematically in FIG. 11 , the profile is curved and generally complements the shape of the shutter roll 1112a. In other words, when viewed in side cross-section, shutter roll 1112a is generally circular and is generally received by a semi-circular cut-out in the profile of latching stop bar 1124.

The dielectric material 1126 may include, for example, a polymer-based material such as PI, PEN, PET, PMMA, or the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, PI tape (eg, Kapton tape) may be readily applied over the side of the latching stop bar 1124 facing the anchor bar 1122 .

In certain exemplary embodiments, latching stop bar 1124 is electrically isolated from the shade (including on-glass components 1104, shutter 1112), as well as anchor bar 1122. Unlike some current designs, anchor bar 1122 and latching stop bar 1124 are not electrically connected to each other. The design allows for individually energizing the latching stop bars 1124.

In this sense, three separate electrodes are provided in the FIG. 11 example shade system. A first electrode is defined with respect to the on-glass components 1104 . A second electrode is defined relative to anchor bar 1122 and shutter 1112 . A third electrode is defined relative to the latching stop bar 1124 . As noted above, in certain exemplary embodiments each electrode may be individually activated.

It will be appreciated that it may be desirable to control both the anchor bar 1122 and the shutter 1112 in the context of a single voltage applied to a single electrode, for example. This is because anchor bars 1122 provide a lot of "room", making electrical connections easier to make compared to, for example, shutters 1112, which are very small, can be rolled up, and have less surface area to make electrical connections. don't have much However, in certain exemplary embodiments, a separate fourth electrode is defined relative to anchor bar 1122 . In these cases, voltages may be applied to anchor bar 1122 and shutter 1112 independently of each other.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart detailing how the FIG. 11 shade system may operate in certain example embodiments. In step S1202, voltage is applied to the anchor bar and the on-glass components. The voltage ranges discussed above may be used in this regard. For most application purposes, an exemplary voltage of 600 V is adequate. As indicated in step S1204, the shutter is unfolded with the aid of electrostatic force. First and second electrodes are used in this regard.

If an electrostatic latching stop bar is not used, it is possible to reduce the voltage at least somewhat once the shutter is fully unfolded and the on-glass dielectric (eg, first dielectric 1108 in FIG. 11) is fully charged. For example, if an electrostatic latching stop bar is not used, it may be possible to drop it by 20 to 50 V, depending on the size and shade of the window, the temperature at which the overall system operates, etc.

In contrast, in certain exemplary embodiments, the dielectric on the latching stop bar is charged in step S1206. This charging may occur before, during, and/or after the shutter unfolds as referenced in step S1204. As shown in step S1208, charging continues until at least the dielectric on the latching stop bar is charged. Preferably, both the dielectric on the latching stop bar and the on-glass dielectric are fully filled. In certain exemplary embodiments, filling may be controlled such that the on-glass dielectric is completely filled before the dielectric on the latching stop bar is completely filled. In certain exemplary embodiments, filling may be controlled such that the on-glass dielectric is completely filled before filling on the latching stop bar begins.

When fully charged and the shutter fully unfolded, the voltage provided to at least the on-glass components, eg with respect to the first electrode, is reduced. In certain exemplary embodiments, the voltage provided to the anchor bar may also be reduced, eg with respect to the second electrode.

In certain example embodiments, the voltage provided to the on-glass components and the voltage provided to the anchor bar are simultaneously reduced. In certain exemplary embodiments, the voltage provided to the on-glass components is reduced before the voltage provided to the anchor bar is reduced.

Although the degree of reduction may not be as great as the reduction made with respect to on-glass components, the voltage provided to the electrostatic latching stop bar is reduced. In some cases, the voltage level provided to the latching stop bar may be maintained or substantially maintained. Maintaining or substantially maintaining the voltage provided to the electrostatic latching stop bar may be accomplished by providing a continuous voltage or merely temporarily reducing the applied voltage (e.g., reducing the voltage somewhat and then increasing the voltage again). can Similarly, a partial reduction to the voltage provided to the electrostatic latching stop bar either reduces the voltage applied to the desired level independent of the voltage(s) applied to the other components, or reduces the voltage of all components and then This can be done by adding back the voltage to the latching stop bar. In certain exemplary embodiments, the voltage provided to the on-glass components and/or anchor bar is reduced and transferred to the latching stop bar.

The latter option is shown in the FIG. 12 example flow chart. That is, as shown in FIG. 12 , the voltage applied to the anchor bar, the on-glass components, and the stop bar is reduced in step S1210. Then, in step S1212, a voltage is added to the latching stop bar.

For example, at step S1210, the voltage applied to the entire circuit including the anchor bar, the on-glass components, and the latching bar stop is reduced by 200 to 300 V. 100 to 150 V may then be added to the stop through a separate circuit, as shown in step S1212, depending on factors such as, for example, the size of the window, the weight of the shutter, the operating temperature, and the like. Results in this example may include 300 to 400 V provided to the window, and 400 to 450 provided to the stop.

Factors such as those discussed above can be used to determine appropriate voltage levels and voltage level reductions for individual components. Generally, on-glass and anchor bar voltages can be reduced by at least about 20-25%, more preferably by at least about 30%, and sometimes up to about 33.33% to 50%. Generally, the latching stop bar voltage can be reduced by up to about at least about 10%, more preferably by at least about 20%, and sometimes by about 25% to 33%.

In some examples, a portion of the voltage applied to the anchor bar and/or on-glass components (e.g., in steps S1210 and S1212) may be applied to the latching bar from the anchor bar and/or on-glass components. can be redirected.

This can result in at least some nominal savings in terms of operating costs and battery usage. However, since "pole swapping" and charge accumulation can occur as discussed above, as less energy is required to mitigate exchange and buildup (especially when boosting transformers such as flyback transformers are not implemented), these The apparent nominal savings in other ways can be quite large.

13 is a schematic diagram of an example system for controlling operation of a shutter 1112 that includes a latching stop bar 1124, in accordance with certain example embodiments. The exemplary system shown in FIG. 13 is a controller 1310 that includes circuitry configured to apply voltage to on-glass components of shade 112, anchor bar 1122, and/or latching stop bar 1124. ). In certain example embodiments, the control circuit 1310 controls the shade 112, anchor bar 1122, and/or latching stop bar ( 1124) may be configured to provide voltage to the on-glass components.

Controller 1310 is coupled to the on-glass components of shade 112 , anchor bar 1122 , and/or latching stop bar 1124 . The controller may include power supply 1320 and/or may be coupled to an external power supply. The power supply 1320 may include an AC and/or DC power supply (eg, a DC battery and/or an AC supply for charging a DC battery). Controller 1310 independently applies voltages to the on-glass components of shade 112, anchor bar 1122 and/or latching stop bar 1124 supplied by power supply 1320 and shutters. 1112 , anchor bar 1122 and/or latching stop bar 1124 are configured to independently control the discharge of voltage applied to the on-glass components.

FIG. 14 shows an example control circuit 1350 that is part of controller 1310 and may be used in conjunction with FIG. 13 , according to certain example embodiments. As shown in FIG. 14 , voltage from power supply 1320 is provided to the different electrodes by controlling a pair of switches coupled between each electrode and power supply 1320 . An inductor may be connected in series between the switches and the electrodes to allow energy recovery during discharge.

As shown in FIG. 14, a voltage is provided to the first conductive layer of the shutter 1112 by controlling the first pair of switches S 1 and S2, and the second pair of switches S3 and S4 are controls to provide a voltage to the second conductive layer of the shutter 1112, controls the third pair of switches S5 and S6 to provide a voltage to the conductors of the on-glass components 1104, and Controls the pair of switches S7 and S8 to provide a voltage to the latching stop bar 1124. In certain exemplary embodiments, a multi-phase bridge circuit comprising low cost gate driver technology may be utilized to provide voltage to the different electrodes.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the first pair of switches SI, S2 and the second pair of switches S3, S4 are controlled to control the conductive layer and on-glass components 1104 in the shutter 1112. ) It is possible to provide a voltage to the conductive layer in. Applying a voltage to the conductive layers can create an electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate of the shutter 1112 towards the closed position. Switches S7 and S8 may be controlled to provide a voltage to the conductive portion of latch stop bar 1124 . Applying a voltage to the conductive portion of the latching stop bar 1124 can create an electrostatic force that helps electrostatically latch the flexible substrate of the shutter 1112 to the latching stop bar 1124 .

Although not shown in FIG. 14 , in certain exemplary embodiments, an additional pair of switches and an inductor may be included in control circuit 1350 to individually provide voltages to anchor bar 1122 .

Via the control circuit 1350 independent control of charging and discharging can be provided to the different electrodes of the dynamic shade. The switches can be controlled to reduce the voltages applied to the anchor bar, window and stop bar and reapply voltage to the latching stop bar or other component of the dynamic shade.

As discussed above with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 12 , in certain example embodiments, the voltage output for the different electrodes is reduced and added back (eg, see steps S1210 and S1212 ). Via the control circuit 1350 independent control of charging and discharging can be provided to the different electrodes of the dynamic shade. The switches can be controlled to reduce the voltages applied to the anchor bar, window and stop bar and reapply voltage to the latching stop bar or other component of the dynamic shade.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the voltage output across the electrodes may be reduced by appropriate current limiting. Any suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform may be used in certain exemplary embodiments. In this regard, PWM usually requires voltage and/or current measurements to provide a feedback signal in the control loop. It will be appreciated that the exact duty cycle and duration can be determined by one skilled in the art. Reducing and reapplying the voltage is not so limited and can be performed by other techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example, by controlling the voltage provided by the power supply 1320.

Although the description provided above suggests an individual and independently controllable electrode design, any suitable circuit design may be used in conjunction with other exemplary embodiments. Certain exemplary embodiments may use the same or similar circuit design as used in connection with the techniques described above, for example, in relation to the retracting of a powered shutter. For example, an additional half-bridge output driving a latching stop bar electrode may be provided. The circuit may be a multi-phase (eg, three phase) push-pull circuit. If the latching stop bar and the powered pull-out are implemented with the same design, the circuit can be modified to include an additional half-bridge output stage (eg, a fourth half-bridge output stage). In certain exemplary embodiments, the controller may include a pair of H-bridge circuits for controlling charging and discharging.

Although certain exemplary embodiments are described in terms of electrostatic latching stop bars, use of the term “bar” should not be construed as denoting any particular structure. In certain exemplary embodiments the shape of the “stop” may be generally elongated. However, in other exemplary embodiments, the stop may include multiple stop segments. In certain exemplary embodiments the shape of the stop is generally rectangular as a whole; Different shapes may be used in other exemplary embodiments. For example, as will be appreciated from the above description, a receiving portion may be defined on the surface of the stop facing the anchor bar on which the shutter is deployed, and this receiving portion may be flat, generally semicircular, or the like. In a similar context to that discussed above, the term “bar” is used in connection with the term “anchor bar,” but it will be understood that the use of the word “bar” herein generally does not denote any specific shape for the anchor.

The IG units described herein may include a low-E coating on any one or more of surfaces 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . For example, as mentioned above, this low-e coating can serve as a conductive layer for the shade. In another exemplary embodiment, in addition to or apart from serving as a conductive layer for the shade, a low-e coating may be provided on the other inner surface. For example, a low-e coating may be provided on surface 2 and a shade may be provided on surface 3 . In another example, the positions of the shade and low-e coating may be reversed. In either case, a separate low-e coating may or may not be used to help drive the shade provided over surface 3 . In certain exemplary embodiments, the low-e coating provided on surfaces 2 and 3 may be a silver-based low-e coating. Exemplary low-e coatings are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 9,802,860; 8,557,391; 7,998,320; 7,771,830; 7,198,851; 7,189,458; 7,056,588; and 6,887,575, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Low-E coatings based on ITO or the like may be used on the inner and/or outer surfaces. See, eg, U.S. Patent Nos. 9,695,085 and 9,670,092; The entire contents of each of these are incorporated herein by reference. This low-e coating may be used in connection with certain exemplary embodiments.

Additionally, an antireflective coating may be provided on major surfaces of the IG unit. In certain exemplary embodiments, an AR coating may be provided to each major surface that is not provided with a low-e coating and no shade. Exemplary AR coatings are described, for example, in US Publication No. 2014/0272314 and US Patent Nos. 9,796,619 and 8,668,990, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. See also US Patent No. 9,556,066, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Such AR coatings may be used in connection with certain exemplary embodiments.

Exemplary embodiments described herein include, for example, products such as interior and exterior windows, skylights, doors, refrigerators/freezers for commercial and/or residential applications (e.g., their doors and/or " for walls”), vehicle applications, and many more.

Although certain exemplary embodiments have been described with respect to IG units comprising two substrates, it will be appreciated that the techniques described herein may be applied to so-called triple-IG units. In such a unit, first, second, and third substantially parallel and spaced apart substrates are separated by first and second spacer systems, and the shade comprises any one or more of the inner surfaces of the innermost and outermost substrates and / or adjacent to one or both of the surfaces of the intermediate substrate.

While certain exemplary embodiments have been described as including glass substrates (eg, for use with inner and outer panes of the IG units described herein), other exemplary embodiments may include one or both of such panes. It will be appreciated that may include a non-glass substrate for . For example, plastics, composite materials, and the like may be used. When glass substrates are used, such substrates can be heat treated (eg, thermally tempered and/or thermally tempered), chemically tempered, left in an annealed condition, and the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, an inner or outer substrate may be laminated to another substrate of the same or different materials.

As used herein, the terms "on", "supported by", etc., are not to be construed to mean that two elements are immediately adjacent to each other unless explicitly stated otherwise. That is, a first layer can be said to be “on” or “supported by” a second layer, even if there is more than one layer between the first layer and the second layer.

In certain exemplary embodiments, an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided. The first substrate and the second substrate each have inner and outer major surfaces, the inner major surface of the first substrate facing the inner major surface of the second substrate. The spacer system helps define a gap therebetween by holding the first and second substrates in substantially parallel and spaced relation to each other. An anchor and a stop are provided, at least a portion of the stop being electrically conductive. A dynamically controllable shade is interposed between the first and second substrates. The shade may include a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the inner main surface of the first substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer opposite the first substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. The control circuit: provides a first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to a shutter closed position; and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the stop may be an aluminum extrusion, brass shim, or the like.

In addition to the features of either of the preceding two paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the second dielectric layer may include polyimide.

In addition to the features of any one of the three preceding paragraphs, in certain example embodiments, the first conductive layer may form part of the first electrode and the second conductive layer may form part of the second electrode. The electrically conductive portion of the stop may form part of a third electrode, eg, the third electrode is electrically isolated from the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and is independently controllable.

In addition to the features of any of the preceding four paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the end portion of the shade may be roll-like when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position, and the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be the rolled end portion of the shade. It may include a curved surface to accommodate the part.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding six paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the control circuit may provide a third voltage, eg, lower than the first voltage, to the first conduction voltage when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. It may be further configured to provide a layer.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the control circuit is further to provide a fourth voltage, eg, lower than the second voltage, to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. can be configured.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain example embodiments, the fourth voltage may be higher than the third voltage.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding nine paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the first voltage and the second voltage may be the same.

In addition to the features of any one of the ten preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the control circuitry may include a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the first conductive layer and the power supply, and a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the second conductive layer and the power supply. a second half-bridge circuit coupled to and a third half-bridge circuit coupled between the electrically conductive portion of the stationary portion and the power supply.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain example embodiments, the first and second half-bridge circuits may be controlled to provide a first voltage, and the third half-bridge circuit may be controlled to provide a second voltage. can provide

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding 12 paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the control circuit may be configured to: after a first electrostatic force for driving the flexible substrate to the shutter closed position is generated based on the first voltage; It can be configured to provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a method of operating a dynamic shade in an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided according to any of the thirteen preceding paragraphs. A first voltage is applied to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to drive the flexible substrate to a shutter closed position. A second voltage is applied to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to help electrostatically latch the flexible substrate to the stop. The flexible board returns to the shutter open position.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, a third voltage may be provided to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position, eg, the third voltage is lower than the first voltage. .

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, a fourth voltage may be provided to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is positioned in the shutter closed position, eg, the fourth voltage is greater than the second voltage. low.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain example embodiments, the fourth voltage may be higher than the third voltage.

In addition to the features of either of the preceding two paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the first voltage and the second voltage may be the same.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding five paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments the stop may be an aluminum extrusion or brass shim.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding six paragraphs, in certain example embodiments, the first conductive layer may form part of the first electrode and the second conductive layer may form part of the second electrode. The electrically conductive portion of the stop may form part of a third electrode, eg, the third electrode is electrically isolated from the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and is independently controllable.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding seven paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a substrate comprising an anchor and a stop is provided, wherein at least a portion of the stop is electrically conductive. A dynamically controllable shade is provided, the shade comprising: a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer on the opposite side of the substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and the conductive portion of the stop portion are all connectable to a control circuit comprising: the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate into a shutter closed position. 2 providing a first voltage to the conductive layer; and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the end portion of the shade may be roll-like when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position, and the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be the rolled end portion of the shade. It may include a curved surface to accommodate the part.

In addition to the features of any one of the three preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, a third voltage, eg, lower than the first voltage, is provided to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. It may be possible, for example, that a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage and higher than the third voltage may be provided to the electrically conductive part of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position.

In addition to the features of any one of the preceding four paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the control circuitry may include a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the first conductive layer and the power supply, and a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the second conductive layer and the power supply. a second half-bridge circuit coupled to and a third half-bridge circuit coupled between the electrically conductive portion of the stationary portion and the power supply, the first and second half-bridge circuits configured to provide the first voltage. controlled, and the third half-bridge circuit can be controlled to provide the second voltage.

In certain exemplary embodiments, a method of manufacturing an insulated glass (IG) unit is provided. The method includes having a first substrate and a second substrate having inner and outer major surfaces respectively, the inner major surface of the first substrate facing the inner major surface of the second substrate. Anchors and stops are provided. At least a portion of the stop portion is electrically conductive. Directly or indirectly, a second dielectric layer is provided on the anchor-facing surface of the stop. a first conductive layer wherein a dynamically controllable shade is provided on the first and/or second substrate, the shade being provided directly or indirectly on the inner major surface of the first substrate; a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer opposite the first substrate; and a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting the second conductive layer, wherein the shutter can be extended from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position, and can be retracted from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. The first and second conductive layers and the conductive portions of the stop portion (a) provide a first voltage to the first and second conductive layers to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to a shutter closed position; and (b) a control circuit configured to provide a second voltage to an electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop. The first and second substrates are connected to each other in a substantially parallel and spaced apart relationship so that a gap is defined therebetween and a dynamically controllable shade is placed within the gap.

In addition to the features of the previous paragraph, in certain exemplary embodiments, the anchor-facing surface of the stop may be shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position.

In addition to the features of either of the two preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the end portion of the shade may be roll-like when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position, anchoring the stop- The directional surface may include a curved surface to receive the rolled end portion of the shade.

In addition to the features of any one of the three preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, a third voltage, eg, lower than the first voltage, is provided to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. It may be possible, for example, that a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage and higher than the third voltage may be provided to the electrically conductive part of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position.

Although the present invention has been described in relation to what is presently considered the most practical and preferred embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments and/or deposition techniques, but, on the contrary, falls within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It should be understood that it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent constructions.

Claims (31)

As an insulated glass (IG) unit,
a first substrate and a second substrate each having inner and outer major surfaces, the inner major surface of the first substrate facing the inner major surface of the second substrate;
a spacer system configured to help define a gap therebetween by holding the first and second substrates in substantially parallel and spaced relation to each other;
an anchor and stop, wherein at least a portion of the stop is electrically conductive;
A dynamically controllable shade interposed between at least the first substrate and the second substrate, the shade comprising:
a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the inner main surface of the first substrate;
a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer on the opposite side of the first substrate; and
a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting a second conductive layer, wherein the shutter is extendable from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position and retractable from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. has exist -;
a second dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the anchor-facing surface of the stop; and
a control circuit, wherein the control circuit:
providing a first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to the shutter closed position;
and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop. 2. The insulated glass (IG) unit of claim 1, wherein the stop comprises an aluminum extrusion. 2. The insulated glass (IG) unit of claim 1, wherein the stop comprises a brass shim. 4. An insulated glass (IG) unit according to any preceding claim, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises polyimide. 5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first conductive layer forms part of the first electrode, the second conductive layer forms part of the second electrode, and the electrical conductivity of the stop portion wherein the portion forms part of a third electrode, the third electrode electrically isolated from and independently controllable from the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 6. The insulated glass (IG) unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the anchor-facing surface of the stop is shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is unfolded to the shutter closed position. . 7. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein an end portion of the shade is roll-like when the shade is unfolded to the shutter closed position, and the anchor-facing surface of the stop is of the shade. An insulated glass (IG) unit comprising a curved surface to receive the rolled end portion. 8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control circuit is further configured to provide a third voltage lower than the first voltage to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. , an insulated glass (IG) unit. 9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to provide a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. Consisting of, an insulated glass (IG) unit. 10. The unit of claim 9, wherein the fourth voltage is higher than the third voltage. 11. The insulated glass (IG) unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are equal. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the first conductive layer and the power supply, and a second half-bridge circuit coupled between the second conductive layer and the power supply. a half-bridge circuit, and a third half-bridge circuit coupled between the electrically conductive portion of the stop and the power source. 13. The insulation of claim 12, wherein the first half-bridge circuit and the second half-bridge circuit are controlled to provide the first voltage, and the third half-bridge circuit is controlled to provide the second voltage. Glass (IG) unit. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the control circuit controls the second voltage after the first electrostatic force for driving the flexible substrate to the shutter closed position is generated based on the first voltage. to the electrically conductive portion of the stop portion. As a substrate,
an anchor and stop, wherein at least a portion of the stop is electrically conductive; and
A dynamically controllable shade provided thereon - said shade comprising:
a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the substrate;
a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer on the opposite side of the substrate; and
a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting a second conductive layer, wherein the shutter is extendable from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position and retractable from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. has exist -; and
a second dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the anchor-facing surface of the stop;
The first and second conductive layers and the conductive portion of the stop are all connectable to a control circuit, the control circuit comprising:
providing a first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to generate a first electrostatic force that drives the flexible substrate to the shutter closed position;
and provide a second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to create a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop. 16. The substrate of claim 15, wherein the anchor-facing surface of the stop is shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the end portion of the shade is roll-like when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position, and the anchor-facing surface of the stop is adapted to receive the rolled end portion of the shade. A substrate comprising a curved surface for According to any one of claims 15 to 17,
a third voltage lower than the first voltage is available to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position;
wherein a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage and higher than the third voltage is capable of being provided to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. 19. The method of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the control circuit comprises a first half-bridge circuit coupled between the first conductive layer and the power supply, and a second half-bridge circuit coupled between the second conductive layer and the power supply. a half-bridge circuit, and a third half-bridge circuit coupled between the electrically conductive portion of the stationary portion and the power supply, wherein the first half-bridge circuit and the second half-bridge circuit supply the first voltage. and wherein the third half-bridge circuit is controlled to provide the second voltage. As a method of manufacturing an insulated glass (IG) unit,
having a first substrate and a second substrate having inner and outer major surfaces, respectively, wherein the inner major surface of the first substrate faces the inner major surface of the second substrate;
providing an anchor and a stop, wherein at least a portion of the stop is electrically conductive, and a second dielectric layer is provided directly or indirectly on the anchor-facing surface of the stop;
providing a dynamically controllable shade on the first and/or second substrate, the shade comprising:
a first conductive layer provided directly or indirectly on the inner main surface of the first substrate;
a first dielectric layer provided directly or indirectly on the first conductive layer on the opposite side of the first substrate; and
a shutter comprising a flexible substrate supporting a second conductive layer, wherein the shutter is extendable from the anchor toward the stop to a shutter closed position and retractable from the stop toward the anchor to a shutter open position. has exist -;
connecting the first and second conductive layers and the conductive portion of the stop to a control circuit configured to: (a) generate a first electrostatic force to drive the flexible substrate into the shutter closed position; providing a first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to (b) generate a second electrostatic force that assists in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop portion; configured to provide a second voltage to the conductive portion; and
connecting the first and second substrates to each other in a substantially parallel, spaced apart relationship so that a gap is defined therebetween and the dynamically controllable shade is positioned in the gap. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the anchor-facing surface of the stop is shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the end portion of the shade is roll-like when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position, and wherein the anchor-facing surface of the stop is adapted to receive the rolled end portion of the shade. A method comprising a curved surface for The method of any one of claims 20 to 22,
a third voltage lower than the first voltage is available to the first conductive layer when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position;
wherein a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage and higher than the third voltage is capable of being provided to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. A method of operating a dynamic shade of an insulated glass (IG) unit comprising:
having the IG unit of any one of claims 1 to 14;
providing the first voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to drive the flexible substrate to the shutter closed position;
providing the second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop to assist in electrostatically latching the flexible substrate to the stop; and
causing the flexible substrate to return to the shutter open position. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising providing a third voltage to the first conductive layer that is lower than the first voltage when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising providing a fourth voltage lower than the second voltage to the electrically conductive portion of the stop when the shutter is held in the shutter closed position. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the fourth voltage is higher than the third voltage. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are the same. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the stop is an aluminum extrusion or brass shim. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first conductive layer forms part of a first electrode, the second conductive layer forms part of a second electrode, and the electrically conductive portion of the stop portion forms a part of a third electrode. wherein the third electrode is electrically isolated from and independently controllable from the first and second conductive layers. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the anchor-facing surface of the stop is shaped to receive an end portion of the shade when the shade is deployed to the shutter closed position.

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