KR20230117956A - Battery fire protection device and method of ess - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery fire prevention device of the present invention includes a direct ignition symptom detection unit that detects components generated by ignition of a battery cell and directly monitors an ignition symptom; an indirect factor monitoring unit that monitors fire hazard increasing components that increase the possibility of a battery fire; a fire determining unit that calculates a fire risk from the direct ignition symptom and the fire risk increasing components, and determines that a fire occurs when the fire determining component reaches a predetermined standard; An action unit that takes action according to the degree of fire or fire risk; an input unit for receiving detection signals of the components generated by ignition of the battery cell, detection signals of the fire risk increasing components, and detection signals of the fire determination component; And it may include an output unit for outputting signals for the action.

Description

Battery fire protection device and method of ESS {BATTERY FIRE PROTECTION DEVICE AND METHOD OF ESS}

The present invention relates to a battery fire prevention device and an ESS battery fire prevention method capable of preventing a fire in advance by taking appropriate measures according to the degree of fire risk due to abnormal unit battery cells of a battery such as an ESS.

Recently, fires broke out at 28 out of 1,500 ESS sites nationwide that use lithium-ion batteries. Most of the fires occur in batteries, and there are various causes both internal and external to the battery.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a general configuration of an ESS. As shown in Figure 1, an ESS generally consists of a battery, a power charging and discharging system (PCS, Power Conditioning System), a power management system (PMS, Power Management System), and grid-connected facilities (transformers, switchboards, etc.). Recently, most ESSs installed in Korea use lithium-ion batteries.

2 shows the general structure of a lithium ion battery.

A lithium ion battery is generally composed of cells, modules, trays, a battery management system (BMS), switchgear, racks, battery compartments, and the like, as shown in FIG. 2 . The purpose of the battery operating system is to operate the battery safely and efficiently. The battery operating system typically measures the temperature of several cells among several cells in a module, or indirectly measures the temperature of an electrode, and measures the voltage of a single cell or 2-3 units in parallel. In addition, the maximum, minimum, and deviation of temperature and voltage are monitored in the rack and container unit battery operating system.

As battery cells repeat charging and discharging, the degree of deterioration increases, insulation deteriorates, internal resistance increases, and deterioration proceeds differently for each cell. Even if the same voltage is applied to several cells, the amount of heat generated and the temperature change vary due to their different internal resistance. These cells, modules, racks, parallel racks, and container-unit batteries measure electrical monitoring data such as voltage and current and temperature data to prevent fire and explosion, and determine the safety status through an algorithm in the battery operating system. are operating

The operating system of the current battery operating system has the following monitoring blind points. Delayed or impossible detection of temperature rise right before fire occurrence at the point where cell surface temperature is not measured, impossible detection of gas generation, inability to detect valid temperature and voltage changes that can capture fire signs until thermal runaway after gas generation, or time delay for action after detection Unable to secure spare time, occurrence of fire due to current concentration in the structure of cells and rack units connected in parallel, lack of blocking ability depending on the presence or absence of electrical blocking system in each unit structure (cell, module, tray, rack, parallel rack, etc.) etc. can be a problem.

Due to these monitoring blind points, batteries, which are electrochemical materials, can cause thermal runaway and fire due to various internal and external factors, but there is a limit to detecting and preventing fire in advance through current temperature and electrical data.

3 is a graph showing the results of a module fire test by a heating pad.

3 is a result of a fire test by placing one lithium ion battery module on a heating pad and applying heat as a result of a test conducted by a foreign institution. It can be seen that temperature, smoke, pressure, etc. were changed immediately before venting occurred due to gas pressure, and the voltage plunged to an internal short circuit several tens of seconds after venting. Similar results were shown in a test inducing an internal short circuit by inserting bee needles under the same conditions. In the Bongchim insertion test in which cells are connected in series, a voltage drop was shown before a fire occurred, but it was judged that it was difficult to treat it as an effective measurement signal that could judge and prevent a fire by showing a change immediately before a fire occurred. In the cell external shock test and external heat exposure test, the change in voltage occurred just before the fire. and showed temperature changes. It was found that there was little change in voltage when an internal short circuit occurred due to an external shock or external heat. In addition, in various lithium-ion battery tests, as the deterioration proceeded, it was found that the change in voltage and temperature was notably confirmed only right before the internal short circuit occurred.

As above, it was confirmed that there may be cases in which a fire cannot be detected and prevented in advance through only temperature and electrical data in various tests conducted by foreign institutions.

Republic of Korea Registration No. 10-1841411

The present invention is based on the operating environment of the ESS and the measuring elements of the battery itself, an ESS battery fire prevention method and battery fire prevention method that secures safety while ensuring flexible ESS operation in the normal state of ESS operation, imminent fire, and use of measures by measures to provide prevention.

More specifically, in the use state, a stable state is maintained through battery resistance balancing, and a device capable of preventing a fire is operated by determining when the monitoring results of measurement elements deteriorate in the use state, and a fire occurs. intends to provide an ESS battery fire prevention method and battery fire prevention that is operated as a way to operate a fire extinguishing device.

An apparatus for preventing a battery fire according to an aspect of the present invention includes a direct ignition symptom detection unit that directly monitors an ignition symptom by detecting components generated by ignition of a battery cell; an indirect factor monitoring unit that monitors fire hazard increasing components that increase the possibility of a battery fire; a fire determining unit that calculates a fire risk from the direct ignition symptom and the fire risk increasing components, and determines that a fire occurs when the fire determining component reaches a predetermined standard; An action unit that takes action according to the degree of fire or fire risk; an input unit for receiving detection signals of the components generated by ignition of the battery cell, detection signals of the fire risk increasing components, and detection signals of the fire determination component; And it may include an output unit for outputting signals for the action.

Here, the direct ignition symptom detection unit may detect at least one of sound, light, arc, smoke, and offgas components as direct ignition symptoms generated when ignition of a battery cell starts.

Here, the indirect factor monitoring unit includes: a parallel resistance adjustment operation check unit for checking the parallel resistance adjustment state or an abnormal state after the parallel resistance adjustment; an indirect ignition symptom confirmation unit that monitors and records at least two of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as indirect ignition symptoms; And it may include at least two or more of a battery insulation diagnosis unit for monitoring and recording the state of a device triggered according to the insulation state of the battery cell.

Here, the fire determination unit, the direct ignition symptom detection unit detects the direct ignition symptom, or the indirect factor calculation unit detects the occurrence of two or more of the abnormal after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom and the battery insulation abnormality. If so, it can be judged as an imminent fire.

Here, the fire determination unit may determine a high fire risk state when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs.

Here, the fire determination unit, as a way to check the fire determination component, finally determines the occurrence of a fire when the battery temperature reaches a predetermined battery cell combustion temperature, or a gas component generated during battery cell combustion is at a predetermined concentration or more When detected, it is possible to finally determine the occurrence of a fire.

Here, the fire determination unit manages a predetermined fire risk index, and adds the fire risk index according to the occurrence of the parallel resistance adjustment, the abnormality after the parallel resistance adjustment, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality. can operate

An ESS battery fire prevention method according to another aspect of the present invention includes the steps of directly identifying signs of ignition by detecting components generated by ignition of a battery cell; monitoring fire risk increasing components that increase fire risk as a possibility of a battery catching fire; determining a fire hazard from the direct ignition indication and the fire hazard increasing components; As a result of determining the fire risk, as a measure in a high fire risk state, performing battery operation suspension; and performing an action in an imminent fire state as a result of determining the fire risk.

Here, in the step of checking the direct ignition symptoms, one or more of sound, light, arc, smoke, and offgas components may be detected as direct ignition symptoms generated when ignition of the battery cell starts.

Here, the step of monitoring the fire risk increasing components comprises: checking a parallel resistance adjustment state in which parallel resistance is adjusted in each battery block connected in parallel to each other constituting the ESS or an abnormal state after adjusting the parallel resistance; Confirming at least two or more of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as signs of indirect ignition; and checking a state of a device that is triggered according to an insulation state of a battery cell.

Here, in the step of determining the risk of fire, when the direct ignition symptom is detected, the imminent fire state is determined, and the occurrence of two or more of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality is detected. , it is determined that the fire is imminent, and when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs, the high fire risk state may be determined.

Here, the step of taking action in the imminent fire state may include: monitoring an operating environment temperature as a fire determination component; performing an ESS operation stop action; and when the operating environment temperature reaches a predetermined battery cell combustion temperature, determining whether a fire has occurred and taking measures for the fire occurrence state.

An ESS fire early detection and prevention system according to another aspect of the present invention detects components caused by ignition of an ESS battery cell, directly monitors signs of ignition, and fire risk increasing components that increase the possibility of a battery fire monitoring them, calculating the fire risk from the direct ignition signs and the fire risk increasing components, determining that a fire occurs when the fire determination component reaches a predetermined standard, and taking measures according to the degree of fire occurrence or fire risk. battery fire protection device; An operating environment measuring device for determining the occurrence of a fire in an ESS battery or collecting sensing values of sensors for estimating the risk of fire and transmitting them to the battery fire prevention device; And it may include a driving device that outputs driving instructions to each protection device of the ESS to take measures according to the degree of fire or fire risk.

Here, if there is a resistance variation in the unit battery blocks connected in parallel constituting the ESS, a parallel resistance adjusting device for adjusting the variable resistance of each unit battery block in a direction to remove the resistance variation may be further included.

Here, the battery fire prevention device, as the fire risk increasing components, a parallel resistance adjustment state in which the variable resistance of the parallel resistance adjustment device is adjusted or an abnormal state after the parallel resistance adjustment; at least two of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as signs of indirect ignition; At least two of the state of the device triggered by the insulation state of the battery cell may be checked.

If the ESS battery fire prevention method and/or battery fire prevention device according to the spirit of the present invention having the above configuration is implemented, there is an advantage in preventing a battery fire caused by ignition of a unit battery cell in advance.

An ESS battery fire prevention method and/or a battery fire prevention device according to the spirit of the present invention of improved implementation can slow down the progress of insulation breakdown, thereby increasing battery life, and having the advantage of extending the life of the battery and reusing it there is.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a general configuration of an ESS;
Figure 2 is a structural diagram showing the general structure of a lithium ion battery.
Figure 3 is a graph showing the module fire test results by the heating pad.
Figure 4 is a graph showing the gas component analysis results during the module-unit battery thermal runaway test.
5 is a graph showing SOC 100% battery thermal runaway and fire prevention test results.
6 is a graph showing SOC 100% battery thermal runaway test results.
7 is a graph showing the results of measuring changes in sound, light, off-gas, and battery surface temperature for early detection of battery fire.
8A is a circuit diagram showing a series connection structure of battery cells.
8B is a circuit diagram showing a parallel connection structure of battery cells.
9 is a block diagram showing an ESS fire early detection and prevention system having a battery fire prevention device according to the spirit of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a battery fire protection device according to the spirit of the present invention.
Figure 11a is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the operating environment measuring device of Figure 9;
Figure 11b is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the ESS system measuring device of Figure 9;
Figure 11c is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the drive device for fire prevention / suppression of Figure 9;
12 is a structure diagram for voltage detection and parallel resistance adjustment at a linkage point for resolving a deviation in internal resistance of a battery connected in parallel among driving devices as an ESS linkage point.
13 is a flowchart illustrating an EES parallel battery resistance control method in the voltage detection and parallel resistance control structure of FIG. 12;
14 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for preventing fire on an ESS battery according to the spirit of the present invention.
FIG. 15A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a steady state reached during the process of the flowchart of FIG. 14;
FIG. 15B is a conceptual diagram illustrating an action use state reached during the course of the flow chart of FIG. 14;
FIG. 15C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an imminent fire state reached during the process of the flowchart of FIG. 14;

In describing the present invention, terms such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components may not be limited by the terms. Terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but it may be understood that another component may exist in the middle. .

Terms used in this specification are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In this specification, the terms include or include are intended to designate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, and one or more other features or numbers, It can be understood that the presence or addition of steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not precluded.

In addition, shapes and sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clearer description.

4 is a graph showing gas component analysis results during a module unit battery thermal runaway test.

FTIR analysis was performed as shown in FIG. 4 by conducting a thermal runaway test for each lithium ion battery module through its own test. In general, the gas components generated before thermal runaway are CH4, CH3OH, CO2, CO, Ethylene, etc., and the gas components generated with smoke at the time of thermal runaway are H, HCN, HF, etc. In this test, CH4, CO2, HCN, etc. this was detected Explosive components could also be identified, and early detection of these gas components would prevent fire and explosion.

5 is a graph showing SOC 100% battery thermal runaway and fire prevention test results.

6 is a graph showing SOC 100% battery thermal runaway test results.

5 and 6 show the results of testing whether thermal runaway can be prevented by detecting a gas prior to thermal runaway. Methods to prevent thermal runaway can be demonstrated in various ways, such as electrical cutoff and isolation of batteries with elevated temperatures. In case of internal short-circuit and fire, it measures the time from gas detection to thermal runaway to demonstrate whether it is possible to secure enough time for early detection of fire, and whether it is possible to prevent fire by removing the cause of internal short-circuit after gas detection. did

5 is a result of stopping heating of the heating pad after gas detection (OGM Signal) due to deterioration. Fire could be prevented because thermal runaway and smoke did not occur.

6 is a result of a thermal runaway test by heating one internal cell of the battery module of 6 while maintaining a temperature rise of 5° C./min with a heating pad.

The battery module was installed on the test stand alone and a heating pad was attached to one internal cell on the front side. A gas detector was installed at a distance of 1 meter outside the module and tested. It was detected 48 seconds before the thermal runaway, but even after gas was detected, the fire was demonstrated by continuing to heat with the heating pad until the point of thermal runaway.

7 is a graph showing the results of measuring changes in sound, light, off-gas, and battery surface temperature for early detection of battery fire.

7 shows changes in sound, light, off-gas, and battery surface temperature in a test in which, when one of the batteries connected in parallel is short-circuited, the current of all batteries is directed to the short-circuited battery, the temperature rises, and a fire occurs. is the result of the measurement. Changes were detected in the order of sound, light, off-gas, and battery surface temperature.

Temperature 1 and temperature 2 are the surface temperatures of the battery connected in parallel with the battery where the internal short circuit occurred, respectively. The temperature was measured at 100% (= 400 ° C) and proceeded without change even after the prior symptoms occurred, then suddenly rose to 70 ° C. That is, when the thermal runaway of FIG. 6 starts, the time to prevent fire is missed.

8A shows a series connection structure of battery cells, and FIG. 8B shows a parallel connection structure of cells.

The battery cell has internal resistance and electromotive force as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. The overall connection structure from cell to system is slightly different for each battery manufacturer, but as the number of cells grows in series and parallel structures, cells, modules, trays, racks, and systems, circuit breakers and fuses are configured as electrical breakers at some stages. As shown in FIG. 8A, some manufacturers connect all cells in series up to the rack unit and then connect the racks in parallel to increase the capacity of the battery. In addition, some manufacturers increase the capacity of the battery by linking two or three cells in parallel in module and tray units as shown in FIG. 8B again in series and linking racks in parallel. Connected in series increases the voltage and connects in parallel to increase the capacity.

Up to the battery unit connected in series as shown in FIG. 8A, even if some cells have insulation breakdown, the same magnitude of current flows in all cells, and as the current flows within the electrical energy range of all cells, each cell has overcurrent due to ground fault and short circuit. In the case of flow, internal short-circuit due to insulation breakdown occurs over a long period of time, so even if charging and discharging are repeated, it operates as a normal cell up to a certain level.

In the structure in which the batteries connected in parallel are connected in series again as shown in FIG. 8B, when some cells have insulation breakdown and an internal short circuit proceeds, the same current flows in the series section as in the series structure of FIG. A phenomenon in which current flows to a battery that has undergone an internal short circuit occurs. When overcurrent flows due to ground faults and short circuits while current flows within the electrical energy range of all cells, internal short circuits due to insulation breakdown proceed much faster than in the series structure, and progress intensifies as charging and discharging are repeated.

ESS inevitably undergoes increases and decreases in internal resistance, deepening of internal short circuits, and insulation breakdown. As a result of this change, it proceeds with a deviation between batteries, causing current drift. A rapid increase in current increases the temperature of the battery and causes a fire. Therefore, in the present invention, a fire prevention method in conjunction with a measurement element in terms of an operating environment that can cause a fire in an ESS, a measurement element in terms of operating the battery itself, and a driving device that blocks elements that can cause a fire when these measurement elements are detected and devices.

In the present invention, based on the operating environment of the ESS and the measuring elements of the battery itself, the normal state of the ESS operation, the imminent fire, and the use of measures by risk reduction measures are prepared, and in the use of measures, a stable state is maintained through battery resistance balancing, A battery (ESS) fire prevention plan consisting of a series of processes of operating a device that can prevent a fire by determining if the monitoring results of measurement elements deteriorate in the action state and operating a fire extinguishing device in the event of a fire presents

9 is a block diagram illustrating an ESS fire early detection and prevention system having a battery fire prevention device according to the spirit of the present invention.

The illustrated ESS fire prevention system is a control device for the ESS, and includes a driving console 20, a data storage device 20, a fire prevention device 100, an operating environment measuring device 400, and a system measuring device 500 , It may be composed of a driving device 600.

The operating environment measuring device 400 may determine and reflect various factors through empirical analysis to overcome the limitations of fire determination by measuring temperature, voltage, and current currently monitoring a battery.

The driving device 600 is a device for responding to fire risk and taking measures to suppress fire to prevent a fire after early detection of signs before a fire occurs or to prevent spread and explosion when a fire inevitably occurs.

10 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a battery fire protection device according to the spirit of the present invention.

The illustrated battery fire prevention device includes a direct ignition symptom detection unit 120 that detects components generated by ignition of a battery cell and directly monitors an ignition symptom; An indirect factor monitoring unit 140 for monitoring fire risk increasing components that increase the possibility of a battery fire occurring; a fire determination unit 160 that calculates a fire risk (degree) from the direct ignition symptom and the fire risk increasing components, and determines that a fire occurs when the fire determination component reaches a predetermined standard; Action unit 180 for performing measures according to the degree of fire or fire risk; an input unit 110 that receives detection signals of the components generated by ignition of the battery cell, detection signals of the fire hazard increasing components, and detection signals of the fire determination component; And it may include an output unit 190 for outputting signals for the above measures.

The direct ignition symptom detection unit 120 may detect components such as sound/light/arc/smoke/offgas as direct ignition symptoms generated when ignition of a battery cell starts. Components such as the sound/light/arc/smoke/off gas are generated at the start of ignition, and the situation in which the component is detected above a predetermined reference value indicating ignition of the battery cell is within the limit where a fire has not yet occurred. As the highest level fire hazard (alone), it can be considered imminent.

Depending on the implementation, the ESS constituting the ESS fire early detection and prevention system shown in FIG. 9 may include a parallel resistance adjusting device described later. In this case, the ESS may have a form in which a variable resistor and a voltage detecting means are provided for each unit battery block composed of a predetermined number of unit battery cells connected in series and/or parallel.

The parallel resistance control device monitors (monitors) the voltage of unit battery blocks as ESS battery operation information, and when a voltage deviation occurs due to resistance deviation of unit battery blocks connected in parallel, the voltage deviation (ie, resistance deviation) The variable resistance of each unit battery block can be adjusted in the direction of removal.

However, even if the parallel resistance device applies the parallel resistance to a specific unit battery block as described above (ie, as a parallel resistance adjustment state) and the ESS is operated without problems, it can be considered that a minimum level of fire risk exists. On the other hand, if a suitable parallel resistance adjustment state does not occur and/or if an abnormality occurs in the operation (operation) data of the ESS in the parallel resistance adjustment state (abnormal state after parallel resistance adjustment), it is considered that a certain level of fire risk exists. can see.

The indirect factor monitoring unit 140 includes: a parallel resistance adjustment operation check unit for checking the parallel resistance adjustment state and/or an abnormal (failure) state after the parallel resistance adjustment; an indirect ignition symptom confirmation unit that monitors and records dust/salinity/temperature/humidity, etc. as indirect ignition symptoms; and at least two of a battery insulation diagnosis unit that monitors and records the state of IMD/GFD/SPD, etc. triggered by the insulation state of the battery cell.

Here, IMD is an insulation monitoring device, GFD is a ground fault detector, and SPD is a surge protector device. In general, the battery insulation diagnosis unit uses an IMD, but in some cases, a GFD and/or an SPD may perform insulation diagnosis instead.

For example, the parallel resistance control operation confirmation unit or the fire determination unit 160 may determine that the ESS system voltage and current are out of the normal range and the ESS and / or battery temperature is higher than a predetermined operation abnormality reference value. .

For example, the indirect ignition symptom confirmation unit or the fire determination unit 160 determines the indirect ignition symptom when the dust concentration, salinity and humidity are out of a predetermined normal range and the ESS and/or battery temperature is higher than a predetermined indirect risk reference value. It can be determined that there is

Depending on the implementation, the fire determination unit 160 determines that a fire is imminent when the direct ignition symptom detection unit 120 detects the direct ignition symptom as a fire risk degree, and the indirect factor calculation unit 140 determines, When the occurrence of two or more of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality is detected, a fire imminent state may be determined. In addition, the fire determination unit 160 may determine a high fire risk state when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs.

In addition, the fire determination unit 160 and/or action unit 180, in an imminent fire state, immediately determine that a fire has occurred and extinguish fire when a fire determination component as a fire monitoring parameter such as temperature or smoke/flame exceeds a criterion value. Can perform direct/physical actions such as device operation. If, in the case of a field where means for monitoring the fire monitoring parameters is not provided, direct/physical measures such as operation of a fire extinguisher may be immediately performed.

On the other hand, in a normal state, even if the fire determination component as a fire monitoring parameter such as temperature or smoke/flame exceeds the determination standard, first check whether the sensor is abnormal or wait for the approval of the person in charge (manager) to take action for suppression that was mistaken. prevent losses caused by

For example, as a method of confirming the fire determination component, when the battery temperature reaches a predetermined battery cell combustion temperature, the fire is finally determined, or when a gas component generated during battery cell combustion is detected at a predetermined concentration or higher, a fire is finally determined. occurrence can be determined.

Depending on the implementation, the fire determination unit 160 manages a predetermined fire risk index (score), according to the occurrence of the parallel resistance adjustment, the abnormality after the parallel resistance adjustment, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality, It can be operated by adding a fire risk index (score). The fire risk index (score) is continuously notified to a manager (driver), so that the manager can support taking necessary actions in priority according to the fire risk index.

Depending on the implementation, the fire determination unit 160 and/or the action unit 180 may perform an action to stop the ESS (opening a circuit breaker and discharging gas) in the high fire risk state.

The actions described as being performed after the fire risk state determination by the fire determination unit 160 described above are actually performed by the action unit 180 .

11A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the operating environment measuring device 400 of FIG. 9 .

11B is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the ESS system measuring device 500 of FIG. 9 .

FIG. 11C is a block diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the drive device 600 for fire prevention/suppression of FIG. 9 .

As shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the operating environment measuring device 400 and the system measuring device 500 are composed of sensed value collectors of various sensors, and are transmitted to the input unit 110 of the fire prevention device 100. Each collected sensing value can be transmitted.

As shown in FIG. 11C, the driving device 600 is composed of indicators that output driving instructions to each protection device of the ESS system for fire prevention measures or fire suppression measures, so that the fire prevention device 100 According to each instruction applied from the output unit 110, a driving instruction may be transmitted to the corresponding protective device.

The ESS connection point shown in FIG. 12 shows a structure for voltage detection and parallel resistance adjustment at the connection point to solve the deviation of internal resistance of batteries connected in parallel among driving devices.

The improved ESS system may include a parallel resistance control device to prevent current concentration and fire. In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, a voltage detection structure for each unit battery module connected in parallel and parallel resistance control are linked. It is desirable to form at points.

13 is a flowchart illustrating an EES parallel battery resistance control method in the voltage detection and parallel resistance control structure of FIG. 12 .

?????I suspect that the relationship between 1.5 times and 2 times the normal range in the lower right corner of Figure 13 has changed. Please confirm.????

When the parallel resistance adjustment is performed according to the configuration and method of FIGS. 12 and 13, when the parallel resistance applied to one battery block or the total sum of the parallel resistances applied to all batteries exceeds a predetermined reference resistance value, the above-described parallel resistance adjustment state can be regarded as

The EES parallel battery resistance control method of FIG. 13 monitors (monitors) the voltage (V#n), current (I#n), etc. of the unit battery block (battery #n) as ESS battery operation information, and parallel-connected unit batteries If resistance variation (voltage variation) exists in the blocks, the variable resistance (aR#n) of each unit battery block (battery #n) may be adjusted in a way to eliminate the resistance variation.

For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the parallel resistance is calculated based on the measured value of the ESS linkage point in FIG. 12, iR#n=(V#n-Va#n)/I#n, ΔiR#n, aR# It can be adjusted in such a way as to adjust n. If I#n is out of the normal range by more than twice, I#n can be limited within the rated value by setting aR#n to the maximum value.

14 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for preventing fire of an ESS battery according to the spirit of the present invention.

The illustrated ESS battery fire prevention method includes the steps of directly checking signs of ignition by detecting components generated by ignition of a battery cell (S100); Monitoring fire risk increasing components that increase fire risk as a possibility of fire in the battery (S200, S300, S400); determining a fire hazard from the direct ignition indication and the fire hazard increasing components; As a result of determining the fire risk, as a measure for a high fire risk state, performing cutoff (operation stop) (S600); As a result of the determination of the fire risk, a step of taking an action in an imminent fire state (S700) may be included.

For example, in the step of checking the direct ignition symptom ( S100 ), one or more of sound, light, arc, smoke, and offgas components may be detected as direct ignition symptoms generated when ignition of the battery cell starts.

In addition, the step of monitoring the fire hazard increasing components (S200, S300, S400) is a parallel resistance adjustment state and / or the parallel resistance adjustment state in which parallel resistance is adjusted in each battery block constituting the ESS and connected in parallel to each other After checking the abnormal state (S200); Confirming at least two or more of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as signs of indirect ignition (S300); And it may include at least two or more of checking the state of the device triggered according to the insulation state of the battery cell (S400).

In this case, in the step of determining the risk of fire, if the direct ignition symptom is detected, it is determined that the fire is imminent, and if the occurrence of two or more of the abnormal after parallel resistance adjustment, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality is detected, , It is determined that the fire is imminent, and when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs, the high fire risk state may be determined.

15A is a conceptual diagram showing a steady state reached during the process of the flowchart of FIG. 14, FIG. 15B is a conceptual diagram showing a state of using measures reached during the process of the flowchart of FIG. 14, and FIG. 15C is a conceptual diagram showing the process of the flowchart of FIG. It is a conceptual diagram showing the imminent fire state reached during the fire.

That is, FIGS. 15A to 15C show a normal state (M1), an action use state (M2), a stabilization state after use of the action (M3), an imminent fire state (M6), and a fire outbreak state (M7) according to each parameter of FIG. 14. indicate The stabilization state (M3) after the use of the measures is a state in which battery operation is stabilized after the parallel resistance control measures, and there is a fire risk of the lowest level next to the normal state (M1). On the other hand, if it continues to stay in the state of using measures (M2), it can be seen that a certain level of fire risk exists.

The imminent fire state (M6) is regarded as a state in which a fire is in progress, and an extinguishing action is immediately performed according to the monitoring result of the fire determination component, such as a temperature higher than the ignition temperature or a combustion gas concentration equal to or higher than the ignition concentration. In addition, in the imminent fire state (M6), even if the fire determination component does not exceed a predetermined ignition standard, the ESS can be stopped (opening the circuit breaker and discharging gas).

A high fire risk state (not shown) is a state in which a fire does not immediately occur, but is expected to occur if the same state continues for a considerable period of time.

Depending on implementation, the ESS stopping action may be performed collectively for all batteries of the ESS or partially, such as some battery blocks/modules.

As shown, in the BN stage, the C stage for adjusting the parallel resistance continues to the stage where the extinguishing (extinguishing, etc.) operation proceeds, thereby minimizing the scale of the fire.

In FIG. 14, as a measure for a high fire risk state, in order to stop ESS operation for a kind of inspection, a measure of opening a circuit breaker and operating a gas discharge device of a battery is performed (S500).

In addition, in FIG. 14, as a measure for the imminent fire state in step S700, the ESS and/or battery operating environment temperature is monitored as a fire determination component (S710), the breaker is opened to stop ESS operation, and the battery A measure of operating the gas discharge device is performed (S500).

Thereafter, as a fire determination component, when the temperature of the ESS and/or battery operating environment reaches a predetermined battery combustion reference temperature, the occurrence of a fire is determined (S750), and as a measure for the fire state, air purification/temperature control/humidity control Various driving devices of the ESS such as the device are stopped (S780), the circuit breaker is opened (S770), and the fire extinguishing device is operated (S800). Additionally, the gas discharge device, which is a measure of a lower risk state, may be operated, and the parallel resistance may be adjusted (S760).

Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains should understand that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not limiting, since the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential characteristics thereof. only do The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. .

110: input unit
120: direct ignition sign detection unit
140: indirect factor monitoring unit
160: fire determination unit
180: action unit
190: output unit

Claims (15)

a direct ignition symptom detection unit that directly monitors an ignition symptom by detecting components generated by ignition of the battery cell;
an indirect factor monitoring unit that monitors fire hazard increasing components that increase the possibility of a battery fire;
a fire determining unit that calculates a fire risk from the direct ignition symptom and the fire risk increasing components, and determines that a fire occurs when the fire determining component reaches a predetermined standard;
An action unit that takes action according to the degree of fire or fire risk;
an input unit for receiving detection signals of the components generated by ignition of the battery cell, detection signals of the fire risk increasing components, and detection signals of the fire determination component; and
Output unit for outputting signals for the above measures
A battery fire protection device comprising a.
According to claim 1,
The direct ignition symptom detection unit,
A battery fire prevention device for detecting at least one of sound, light, arc, smoke, and off-gas components as signs of direct ignition occurring when a battery cell starts to ignite.
According to claim 1,
The indirect factor monitoring unit,
A parallel resistance adjustment operation checking unit for checking a parallel resistance adjustment state of the battery or an abnormal state after the parallel resistance adjustment;
an indirect ignition symptom confirmation unit that monitors and records at least two of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as indirect ignition symptoms; and
At least two or more of the battery insulation diagnosis units that monitor and record the state of the device triggered by the insulation state of the battery cell
A battery fire protection device comprising a.
According to claim 3,
The fire determination unit,
The direct ignition symptom detection unit detects the direct ignition symptom,
The battery fire prevention device for determining that a fire is imminent when the indirect factor calculation unit detects the occurrence of two or more of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality.
According to claim 3,
The fire determination unit,
A battery fire prevention device for determining a high fire risk state when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs.
According to claim 1,
The fire determination unit,
As a method of checking the fire determination component, when the battery temperature reaches a predetermined battery cell combustion temperature, the fire is finally determined, or when the gas component generated during the battery cell combustion is detected at a predetermined concentration or higher, the fire is finally determined. Battery fire protection device to judge.
According to claim 3,
The fire determination unit,
A battery fire prevention device that manages a predetermined fire risk index and adds the fire risk index according to the occurrence of the parallel resistance adjustment, the parallel resistance abnormality, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality.
detecting components generated by ignition of a battery cell to directly identify signs of ignition;
monitoring fire risk increasing components that increase fire risk as a possibility of a battery catching fire;
determining a fire hazard from the direct ignition indication and the fire hazard increasing components;
As a result of determining the fire risk, as a measure in a high fire risk state, performing battery operation suspension; and
As a result of determining the risk of fire, the step of taking action in the imminent fire state
ESS battery fire protection method comprising a.
According to claim 8,
In the step of confirming the signs of direct ignition,
An ESS battery fire prevention method for detecting one or more of sound, light, arc, smoke, and off-gas components as direct ignition signs generated when a battery cell starts to ignite.
According to claim 9,
The step of monitoring the fire hazard increasing components,
Checking a parallel resistance adjustment state in which parallel resistance is adjusted in each of the battery blocks constituting the ESS and connected in parallel to each other or an abnormal state after the parallel resistance adjustment;
Confirming at least two or more of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as signs of indirect ignition; and
Steps to determine the state of a device triggered by the isolation state of a battery cell
An ESS battery fire prevention method comprising at least two of the following.
According to claim 10,
In the step of determining the fire risk,
When the direct ignition symptom is detected, it is determined that the fire is imminent,
When detecting the occurrence of two or more of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality, it is determined that the fire is imminent,
The ESS battery fire prevention method of determining the high fire risk state when one of the abnormality after adjusting the parallel resistance, the indirect ignition symptom, and the battery insulation abnormality occurs.
According to claim 8,
The step of taking action in the imminent fire state,
performing monitoring of operating environment temperature as a fire determination component;
performing an ESS operation stop action; and
When the operating environment temperature reaches a predetermined battery cell burning temperature, determining whether a fire has occurred and taking action for a fire occurrence state
ESS battery fire protection method comprising a.
Detects the components generated by the ignition of the ESS battery cell to monitor direct ignition symptoms, monitors fire risk increasing components that increase the possibility of fire in the battery, and fires from the direct ignition signs and the fire risk increasing components A battery fire prevention device that calculates the risk, determines that a fire occurs when the fire determination component reaches a predetermined standard, and takes action according to the degree of fire occurrence or fire risk;
An operating environment measuring device for determining the occurrence of a fire in an ESS battery or collecting sensing values of sensors for estimating the risk of fire and transmitting them to the battery fire prevention device; and
A driving device that outputs driving instructions to each protection device of the ESS to take action according to the degree of fire or fire risk
ESS fire early detection and prevention system including a.
According to claim 13,
Parallel resistance adjusting device for adjusting the variable resistance of each unit battery block in a direction to eliminate the resistance deviation when resistance variation exists in parallel connected unit battery blocks constituting the ESS
ESS fire early detection and prevention system further comprising a.
According to claim 14,
The battery fire prevention device,
As the fire hazard increasing components,
a parallel resistance adjustment state in which the variable resistance of the parallel resistance adjustment device is adjusted or an abnormal state after the parallel resistance adjustment;
at least two of dust, salinity, temperature, and humidity as signs of indirect ignition; and
An ESS fire early detection and prevention system that checks at least two of the device's conditions triggered by the insulation state of the battery cell.

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