KR20230109005A - Automotive heat pump system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump system for a vehicle, and more particularly, by using a single heater for indoor heating to enable indoor heating and battery preheating, manufacturing costs can be reduced by reducing the number of installation parts and power consumption of a battery can be reduced. Provided is a heat pump system for a vehicle capable of improving fuel efficiency of a vehicle by reducing fuel consumption. To this end, the present invention provides a heat pump system for a vehicle that cools and heats the interior of a vehicle by controlling the flow direction of a refrigerant discharged from a compressor, wherein the cooling water circulating inside the interior heating cooling water circulation line for heating the interior of the vehicle is provided. A cooling water electric heater for heating; a battery chiller that cools the battery by exchanging heat between the refrigerant circulating inside the refrigerant circulation line having the compressor, the external heat exchanger, and the internal heat exchanger, and the cooling water circulating inside the battery cooling water circulation line; an expansion valve installed on a refrigerant line located upstream of the battery chiller; a cooling water line 4-way valve installed between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line and selectively connecting the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line according to the air conditioning mode; It is characterized in that it is configured to include; a control unit for controlling the cooling water electric heater and the cooling water line 4-way valve.

Description

Automotive heat pump system {Automotive heat pump system}

The present invention relates to a heat pump system for a vehicle, and more particularly, by performing indoor heating and battery preheating using a single room heating heater, manufacturing cost can be reduced by reducing the number of parts, and battery power consumption can be reduced to reduce battery power consumption. It relates to a heat pump system for automobiles capable of improving fuel efficiency.

In general, an air conditioning system for adjusting the temperature of indoor air is provided in a vehicle. Such an air conditioning system for automobiles keeps the interior warm by generating warmth in winter and cools the interior by generating cool air in summer.

In a typical automobile air conditioning system, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator are sequentially connected along refrigerant pipes, and the refrigerant circulates while the compressor is driven by engine power. In such an automobile air conditioning system, refrigerant gas compressed at a high temperature and high pressure in a compressor passes through a condenser, exchanges heat with the surrounding air, and is converted into a refrigerant in a liquid state. The liquefied refrigerant passes through a receiver dryer connected to the condenser to remove impurities After passing through the expansion valve, it is changed to a low-temperature gas. Then, the vaporized low-temperature refrigerant passes through the evaporator and is cooled while exchanging heat with the surrounding air. , the process of being compressed at high pressure is repeatedly cycled.

Meanwhile, recently, electric vehicles using electric energy as a power source have been released. The air conditioning system installed in these electric vehicles is configured to heat water or air through power supplied from a battery to heat the interior of the vehicle. This causes a problem that significantly degrades the power performance of the vehicle.

For this reason, a heat pump system is applied to the air conditioning system of an electric vehicle, similar to a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. This heat pump system reversibly applies a cycle consisting of compression-condensation-decompression-evaporation of the refrigerant to provide cooling and heating It is composed of a combined heating and cooling system.

That is, the heat pump system has a circulation cycle in which the liquid refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator, takes away heat from the surroundings, becomes a gas, and then liquefies while releasing heat to the surroundings in the condenser. It has the advantage of being able to secure the insufficient heat source of the air conditioning system.

When such a heat pump system is operated in an indoor heating mode, it performs indoor heating using two heat sources of a heat pump and a coolant heater. In addition, a battery heater that can preheat the battery to a certain temperature is installed to increase the charging speed of the battery in winter when the outside temperature is low. can do.

However, in the conventional heat pump system as described above, a cooling water heater for heating the cooling water for indoor heating and a battery heater for preheating the battery are separately installed. It was a driving structure.

In this way, the conventional heat pump system has a structure in which a cooling water heater for heating the cooling water for indoor heating and a battery heater for preheating the battery are separately provided on the system, so the number of installed parts increases and the manufacturing cost increases. In particular, when the heat pump system is simultaneously operated in the indoor heating and battery preheating modes, since two heaters must be operated simultaneously, the power consumption of the battery increases accordingly, resulting in a decrease in fuel efficiency of the vehicle.

Republic of Korea Korean Patent No. 1316355 (Announced on October 08, 2013)

Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, when a heat pump system is operated simultaneously in indoor heating and battery preheating modes, installed on a cooling water circulation line for indoor heating. By using a single coolant electric heater to simultaneously perform indoor heating and battery preheating, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs due to a reduced number of installed parts, and to improve fuel efficiency by reducing battery power consumption. It is to provide a heat pump system.

The present invention for solving the above technical problems is an automobile heat pump system for cooling and heating the interior of a vehicle by controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor, an interior heating coolant circulation line for heating the interior of the vehicle. a cooling water electric heater that heats the cooling water circulating inside; a battery chiller that cools the battery by exchanging heat between the refrigerant circulating inside the refrigerant circulation line having the compressor, the external heat exchanger, and the internal heat exchanger, and the cooling water circulating inside the battery cooling water circulation line; an expansion valve installed on a refrigerant line located upstream of the battery chiller; a cooling water line 4-way valve installed between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line and selectively connecting the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line according to the air conditioning mode; It is characterized in that it includes; a controller for controlling the cooling water electric heater and the cooling water line 4-way valve.

Here, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the battery preheating mode, the control unit controls the flow path of the 4-way valve in the cooling water line to connect the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line to each other, so that the high temperature of the cooling water heated through the electric heater The cooling water is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line through the cooling water line 4-way valve, and the battery can be preheated through the high-temperature cooling water.

In this case, the refrigerant circulation line is branched from the refrigerant line upstream of the expansion valve and connected to the inlet side of the battery chiller. It can be configured to include a bypass valve that can selectively allow the movement of.

At this time, a check valve capable of preventing a reverse flow of refrigerant may be additionally installed in the bypass line.

In addition, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the indoor cooling mode, the connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line can be blocked by controlling the passage of the cooling water line 4-way valve, and the bypass valve is closed. The expansion valve is opened so that a part of the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger flows into the expansion valve and can be transferred back to the compressor via the battery chiller, and another part of the refrigerant flows into the internal heat exchanger and blows Indoor cooling can be performed through heat exchange with air.

In addition, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the indoor heating mode, the connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line can be blocked by controlling the flow path of the 4-way valve in the cooling water line, and the bypass valve is opened. and the expansion valve is closed, so that a part of the refrigerant from the internal heat exchanger flows into the battery chiller along the bypass line, and then can be transferred back to the compressor, and another part of the refrigerant flows into the internal heat exchanger and blows air. Indoor heating may be performed through heat exchange with the In addition, if necessary, the cooling water heated by the cooling water electric heater is supplied to the heater core to exchange heat with the blown air, thereby improving indoor heating performance.

In addition, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the indoor cooling and battery cooling modes, the connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line can be blocked through flow control of the cooling water line 4-way valve, and the bypass valve is closed. (Close) and the expansion valve is opened, so that a part of the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger flows into the expansion valve, and then it can be transferred back to the compressor via the battery chiller, and another part of the refrigerant flows into the internal heat exchanger. After cooling, the indoor cooling is performed through heat exchange with the ventilation air, and the battery is cooled through heat exchange between the refrigerant introduced into the battery chiller through the expansion valve and the cooling water circulating in the battery cooling water circulation line.

In addition, when the air conditioning mode is simultaneously operated in the indoor heating and battery preheating modes, the bypass valve is opened and the expansion valve is closed, so that a part of the refrigerant from the internal heat exchanger flows along the bypass line to the battery chiller. The circulation of the refrigerant that flows into the compressor and returns to the compressor is performed, and through the control of the passage of the 4-way valve in the cooling water line, the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line are connected to each other, and the high-temperature refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchanger and The high-temperature cooling water flowing into the heater core may be used for indoor heating using two heat sources, and the high-temperature cooling water heated by the cooling water electric heater may be transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line to perform battery preheating.

In addition, a heater core into which cooling water heated by a cooling water electric heater flows is installed on the indoor heating cooling water circulation line. Indoor heating can be performed through heat exchange.

The heat pump system may include a refrigerant line four-way valve that is controlled by the control unit and transfers the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to an external heat exchanger or to an internal heat exchanger; and an electronic component cooling water circulation line for absorbing heat generated from various electronic components installed in a vehicle through heat exchange between the refrigerant moving along the refrigerant circulation line and the cooling water circulating itself, and releasing the heat to the outside. In the circulation line, an electrical component chiller installed between the external heat exchanger and the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line to exchange heat between the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger and the cooling water flowing along the electrical component cooling water passage; an electronic radiator mounted adjacent to the external heat exchanger to dissipate heat of the cooling water flowing through the electrical component cooling water passage; A three-way valve installed at the intersection of the electrical component cooling water flow path and the electrical component cooling water bypass flow path; A cooling fan may be provided to promote heat dissipation by blowing air to the electric radiator.

According to the structure of the heat pump system for a vehicle of the present invention having the above configuration, when the heat pump system is simultaneously operated in the indoor heating mode and the battery preheating mode, the high-temperature coolant heated through the coolant electric heater is delivered to the heater core, Indoor heating can be performed through heat exchange with air blown into the room, and at the same time, the high-temperature coolant heated by the coolant electric heater is transferred to the battery coolant circulation line through the coolant line 4-way valve to preheat the battery. there is. Therefore, since there is no need to additionally install a battery heater for heating the battery in the battery cooling water circulation line like in the conventional heat pump system, the number of installation parts can be reduced, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the product.

In addition, in the existing heat pump system, a battery heater consumes about 3.6 kW of fixed electricity when operated in the battery preheating mode, but in the present invention, a cooling water electric heater capable of adjusting the heating value through a control unit is used, depending on the necessary situation. Since it can be possible to properly adjust the intensity of indoor heating or battery preheating by adjusting the heating value of the coolant electric heater, power consumption of the battery can be minimized, and through this, the driving fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be improved. there is.

1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of refrigerant when the heat pump system of the present invention is operated only in the room cooling mode.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of refrigerant and cooling water when the heat pump system of the present invention is simultaneously operated in room cooling and battery cooling modes.
4 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of refrigerant and cooling water when the heat pump system of the present invention is operated only in an indoor heating mode.
5 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of refrigerant and cooling water when the heat pump system of the present invention is simultaneously operated in indoor heating and battery preheating modes.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention.

However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In addition, parts marked with the same reference numerals throughout the detailed description indicate the same components.

Hereinafter, a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a configuration diagram showing the overall configuration of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention is a heat pump system for a vehicle (100) for cooling and heating an interior of a vehicle by controlling the flow direction of a refrigerant discharged from a compressor (110), including a compressor (110) and a refrigerant line. A refrigerant circulation line (including a four-way valve 120, an external heat exchanger 130, an internal heat exchanger 140, a first expansion valve 170, a battery chiller 190, and a second expansion valve 191) RL), a heater core 103, a cooling water electric heater 104, and an indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) in which cooling water for indoor heating is circulated, and a refrigerant moving along the refrigerant circulation line (RL) and itself An electric component coolant circulation line (EL) that absorbs heat generated from various electronic components installed in the vehicle through heat exchange with the circulating coolant and releases it to the outside, an indoor heating coolant circulation line (CL) and a 4-way valve for the coolant line ( 108), the compressor 110, the four-way valves 108 and 120, the cooling water electric heater 104, the first and second expansion valves 170 according to the air conditioning mode, and the battery cooling water circulation line BL selectively connected through 191) and includes a control unit (Electric HVAC vehicle control unit, EHVCU) that controls the operation of each unit. In particular, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the battery preheating mode, the cooling water electric heater provided in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) The cooling water is heated using the heat source of (104), and the heated high-temperature cooling water is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line (BL) side through the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 to preheat the battery. do.

The compressor 110 provided in the refrigerant circulation line RL is an electric compressor that compresses and discharges refrigerant, and performs indoor cooling or heating by controlling the RPM of the compressor 110 through PID (Proportional Integral Differential Control) through a controller. can

The refrigerant line four-way valve 120 transfers the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 to the external heat exchanger 130 or to the internal heat exchanger 140 according to the air conditioning mode, and the flow of refrigerant is controlled by the control unit. can be directed in a specific direction.

The external heat exchanger 130 functions to heat exchange the refrigerant transferred from the compressor 110 or the internal heat exchanger 140 with air outside the vehicle, and the internal heat exchanger 140 transfers the refrigerant transferred from the external heat exchanger 130 It serves to exchange heat with air supplied to the room where the occupant is located, or to exchange heat with the air supplied to the room with the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110.

The first expansion valve 170 is installed on the refrigerant line drawn into or drawn out of the internal heat exchanger 140, and operates according to a control signal transmitted from the controller to expand the refrigerant. At this time, as the first expansion valve 170, an electronic expansion valve (EEV) capable of adjusting the amount of opening by PID control may be used.

The electronic cooling water circulation line (EL) is installed in an area adjacent to the external heat exchanger 130 and absorbs heat generated from various electronic components (motor, MCU, LDC, OBC, etc.) It functions to discharge to the outside.

The electrical component cooling water circulation line (EL) is installed between the external heat exchanger 130 and the refrigerant line 4-way valve 120, and the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 and the cooling water flowing along the electrical component cooling water passage 162 An electrical component chiller 161 for heat exchange between the components is provided.

In the electrical component cooling water circulation line (EL), the electrical component cooling water passage 162 forms one cooling water flow passage connecting the electrical component chiller 161 and the electrical component radiator 163, and the electrical component cooling water passage 162 and the electrical component cooling water bypass passage A three-way valve 166 for cooling electrical components is installed at the intersection of (167).

In addition, an electric component cooling means 164 for absorbing heat generated from various electric components installed in the vehicle and an electric component cooling water circulation pump 165 for generating a one-way flow of cooling water are installed in the electric component cooling water passage 162.

In addition, the electrical component radiator 163 is mounted adjacent to the external heat exchanger 130 to dissipate heat of the cooling water flowing through the electrical component cooling water passage 162 . At this time, the coolant moving along the electrical component cooling water passage 162 can absorb heat generated from the electrical component and release it to the outside through the electrical component radiator 163, and dissipate heat to the outside using a separately installed cooling fan 168. can promote

On the other hand, the refrigerant line four-way valve 120 for inducing the flow of refrigerant in a specific direction includes a first port 121, a second port 122, a third port 123 and a fourth port 124, It consists of

Specifically, the first port 121 of the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line is a refrigerant inlet into which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 120 is always drawn regardless of the air conditioning mode, and the second port 122 is the first port 122 according to the air conditioning mode. As a refrigerant inlet and outlet selectively communicated with the port 121 or the third port 123, it is connected to the internal heat exchanger 140 disposed inside the HVAC module 101.

And, the third port 123 of the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line is a refrigerant outlet selectively communicated with the second port 122 and the fourth port 124 according to the air conditioning mode, upstream of the compressor 110 on the refrigerant flow. It is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 180 disposed on the side.

In addition, the fourth port 122 of the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line is a refrigerant inlet and outlet that selectively communicates with the first port 121 and the third port 123 according to the air conditioning mode, and is an electronic component of the cooling water circulation line EL. It is connected to the chiller 161.

In addition, when the first port 121 communicates with the second port 122, each port of the refrigerant line four-way valve communicates with the third port 123 and the fourth port 124, and the first port When 121 communicates with the fourth port 124, the second port 122 communicates with the third port 123.

Accordingly, when the first port 121 of the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line communicates with the fourth port 124, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 is transferred to the electrical component chiller 161 of the electrical component cooling water circulation line EL. , and when the fourth port 124 communicates with the third port 123, the refrigerant passing through the electrical component chiller 161 of the electrical component cooling water circulation line EL is transferred to the upstream side of the compressor 110 on the refrigerant flow. It is transferred to the intermediate heat exchanger 180 disposed in.

On the other hand, on the refrigerant line connecting between the external heat exchanger 130 and the internal heat exchanger 140, a first branching point 181 is provided at which the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 diverges or joins, and four refrigerant lines On the refrigerant line connecting the third port 123 of the valve 120 and the compressor 110, the refrigerant coming out through the 4-way valve 120 in the refrigerant line and the refrigerant coming out through the battery chiller 190 join each other. A second branch point 182 is provided.

At this time, the second branch point 182 is preferably located at a position before the intermediate heat exchanger 180 so that the superheat and performance of the refrigerant discharged from the battery chiller 190 can be further increased.

In addition, a battery chiller 190 is installed on a separate refrigerant branch line connecting the first branch point 181 and the second branch point 182, and a second expansion for expanding the refrigerant is installed upstream of the battery chiller 190. A valve 191 is installed.

In addition, a cooling water circulation pump 193 and a battery 194 are provided in the battery cooling water circulation line BL, so that the cooling water is circulated through the cooling water circulation pump 193 and circulates inside the battery cooling water circulation line BL. The battery 194 may be cooled by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the battery chiller 190. Here, the battery chiller 190 serves as an evaporator.

In this way, a part of the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 is introduced into the second expansion valve 191 to exchange heat with the coolant flowing along the inside of the battery coolant circulation line (BL) in the battery chiller 190. (194) can be cooled.

In this case, the second expansion valve 191 installed on the side of the battery chiller 190 is a solenoid-type expansion valve capable of ON/OFF opening and closing operations and cannot adjust the amount of opening, or Like the first expansion valve 170 installed upstream of the internal heat exchanger 140, an electronic expansion valve (EEV) capable of adjusting the amount of opening by PID control may be used. In addition, a check valve 192 for preventing a reverse flow of the refrigerant may be mounted on a refrigerant line on a downstream side of the battery chiller 190 through which the refrigerant is discharged.

Meanwhile, in the refrigerant circulation line RL, on the refrigerant line connecting the first branch point 181 and the battery chiller 190, a part of the refrigerant discharged from the internal heat exchanger 140 does not pass through the second expansion valve 191. A bypass line 183 may be installed so that it can be bypassed and directly flowed into the battery chiller 190 side.

That is, the bypass line 183 is branched from one side of the refrigerant line upstream of the second expansion valve 191 and connected to the refrigerant line located between the battery chiller 190 and the second expansion valve 191. Accordingly, a portion of the refrigerant discharged from the internal heat exchanger 140 according to the air conditioning mode may pass through the first branch point 181, bypass through the bypass line 183, and directly flow into the battery chiller 190 side. In this case, the second expansion valve 191 is closed, and the inflow of refrigerant into the battery chiller 190 through the second expansion valve 191 can be blocked.

In addition, a bypass valve 184 whose open/close operation can be controlled by the controller is installed in the bypass line 183 to selectively allow the inflow of refrigerant into the bypass line 183. It can be. In addition, a check valve may be additionally installed on the bypass line 183 to prevent the refrigerant from flowing backward.

Unlike this, the bypass valve 184 is installed in a three-way valve method at the intersection of the refrigerant line and the bypass line 183 connecting the first branch point 181 and the second expansion valve 191, in an air conditioning mode. Accordingly, the flow of refrigerant may be induced toward the second expansion valve 191 or the flow of refrigerant toward the bypass line 183 may be induced by selectively changing the passage of the 3-way valve by the control unit.

On the other hand, the intermediate heat exchanger 180 is also abbreviated as IHX (Intermediate Heat Exchanger), and is provided for heat exchange between the refrigerant before passing through the first expansion valve 170 and the internal heat exchanger 140 and the refrigerant after passing through is a composition

The intermediate heat exchanger 180 is mounted between the first branch point 181 of the refrigerant line connecting the external heat exchanger 130 and the internal heat exchanger 140 and the external heat exchanger 130, depending on the air conditioning mode. The refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 130 is heat exchanged and then transferred to the internal heat exchanger 140, or the refrigerant discharged from the internal heat exchanger 140 is heat exchanged and then transferred to the external heat exchanger 130.

In this case, the intermediate heat exchanger 180 is heat exchanger in the form of a double pipe including an outer conduit for delivering refrigerant to the first expansion valve 170 and an inner conduit for conveying refrigerant to the accumulator 150 and the compressor 110. It may consist of groups. Here, a refrigerant having a relatively high pressure and temperature may flow in the outer conduit connected to the first expansion valve 170, and a refrigerant having a relatively low pressure and temperature may flow in the inner conduit.

Meanwhile, a heater core 103, an electric coolant heater 104, and a coolant circulation pump 106 are provided in the indoor heating coolant circulation line CL for indoor heating of the vehicle, and the coolant is heated through the electric heater 104. The coolant introduced into the heater core 103 can be used as a heat source for indoor heating.

In this case, the heater core 103 is disposed in the HVAC module 101, and a cooling water line circulating through the heater core 103 is configured, but the cooling water electric heater 104, the pump 105, and the cooling water reservoir are installed on the cooling water line. It can be configured by disposing the tank 106.

Specifically, a heater core 103 into which high-temperature cooling water heated by the cooling water electric heater 104 provided in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line CL is introduced into the HVAC module 101 is mounted.

The heater core 103 is mounted on the upper side of the internal heat exchanger 140 inside the HVAC module 101, is controlled by a controller on the lower side of the internal heat exchanger 140, and can blow air toward the internal heat exchanger 140. A blower fan 102 is installed.

Accordingly, when the air conditioning mode is operated in the indoor heating mode or dehumidifying or defrosting mode, interior heating, dehumidification, or defrosting may be performed by applying heat to the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle through the heater core 103 . In this case, the temperature of the cooling water supplied to the heater core 103 may be controlled through PID control of the cooling water electric heater 104 by the control unit.

In addition, a temperature sensor capable of detecting the temperature around the heater core 103 is installed on the side of the heater core 103, and the temperature sensor is a duct inside the HVAC module 101 in which the heater core 103 is installed. ) can detect the current temperature and transmit it to the control unit. The control unit may PID control the cooling water electric heater 104 until the temperature around the heater core 103 detected by the temperature sensor reaches a set temperature value set by the user within an error range.

Meanwhile, when the heat pump system 100 is operated in the indoor cooling mode, the controller PID controls the compressor 110 until the difference between the target evaporator temperature according to the user's temperature setting and the current evaporation temperature converges within the error range. Indoor cooling can be performed.

That is, when the heat pump system 100 is operated in the indoor cooling mode, the internal heat exchanger 140 functions as an evaporator, and the control unit sets the temperature of the internal heat exchanger 140 functioning as an evaporator to the target evaporator temperature, By performing PID control for the RPM of the compressor 110 until the difference between the current evaporator temperature and the target evaporator temperature, detected through a temperature sensor (not shown) installed around the internal heat exchanger 140, converges within a preset error range. Indoor cooling can be performed.

Conversely, when the heat pump system 100 is operated in the indoor heating mode, the internal heat exchanger 140 functions as a condenser, and the control unit sets the temperature of the internal heat exchanger 140 functioning as a condenser to a target temperature, , Indoor heating can be performed by performing PID control of the RPM of the compressor 110 until the difference between the current temperature of the internal heat exchanger 140 detected through the temperature sensor and the target temperature converges within a preset error range. .

In addition, the controller sets the temperature of the heater core 103 as the target temperature, and coolant coolant is supplied until the difference between the current temperature of the heater core 103 detected through the temperature sensor and the target temperature converges within a preset error range. Indoor heating can be performed by performing PID control on the electric heater 104 .

On the other hand, when the heat pump system 100 of the present invention is operated in the indoor heating mode, the high-temperature refrigerant flowing from the compressor 110 to the internal heat exchanger 140 and the cooling water are heated through the electric heater 104 to heat the heater core Indoor heating can be performed using two heat sources of high-temperature cooling water flowing into (103).

In addition, when the outdoor temperature is low, the battery 194 may be operated in a battery preheating mode in which the battery 194 is preheated to a predetermined temperature so as to increase the charging speed of the battery 194 . To this end, in the existing heat pump system, a battery heater is separately installed on the battery cooling water circulation line, and when operated in a battery preheating mode, the battery is preheated using a heat source generated by the battery heater.

However, the conventional heat pump system has a configuration in which a cooling water electric heater is installed in an indoor heating cooling water circulation line to heat the cooling water for indoor heating, and battery heaters are individually provided on the battery cooling water circulation line for preheating the battery. there is. In this case, the coolant electric heater can adjust the amount of heat generated by the control of the controller, but the battery heater uses a separate heater that cannot adjust the amount of heat generated, so the amount of power used for preheating the battery in winter increases, resulting in a decrease in fuel efficiency of the vehicle. There was a problem that caused

In order to improve this problem, in the heat pump system 100 of the present invention, the cooling water is heated through the cooling water electric heater 104 capable of adjusting the calorific value installed in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL), and the heated high-temperature The cooling water is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line (BL) through the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 to heat the battery 194, thereby preheating the battery without using a separate battery heater on the battery cooling water circulation line as in the past. It provides a heat pump system structure that can work.

To this end, the heat pump system 100 of the present invention includes a cooling water line four-way valve 108 capable of selectively changing the internal flow path through the control of the controller between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL). ) is installed, so that the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL) are selectively connected by changing the flow path inside the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 according to the air conditioning mode, and the heat pump When the air conditioning mode of the system 100 is operated in the battery preheating mode, the control unit controls the internal flow path of the 4-way valve 108 in the cooling water line to connect the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL). The cooling water is circulated between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL), so that the high-temperature cooling water heated through the cooling water electric heater 104 is passed through the cooling water line 4-way valve 108. The battery 194 may be preheated by transferring the coolant to the battery cooling water circulation line BL.

Therefore, since there is no need to additionally install a battery heater for heating the battery in the battery cooling water circulation line like in the conventional heat pump system, the number of installation parts can be reduced and the manufacturing cost of the product can be reduced.

Hereinafter, each air conditioning mode of the automotive heat pump system 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail.

2 to 5 show a refrigerant when the heat pump system 100 for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is operated in an indoor cooling mode, an indoor cooling and battery cooling mode, an indoor heating mode, and an indoor heating and battery preheating mode, respectively. and the flow of cooling water is shown.

First, the case of the indoor cooling mode shown in FIG. 2 will be described.

When the heat pump system 100 of the present invention is operated only in the indoor cooling mode, the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line RL is "compressor 110 - refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 - electric appliance chiller 161" - External heat exchanger (130, functions as a condenser) - Intermediate heat exchanger (180) - Internal heat exchanger (140, functions as an evaporator) - Refrigerant line 4-way valve (120) - Intermediate heat exchanger (180) - Accumulator (150) - Compressor 110" is cycled in order.

In this indoor cooling mode, the refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 allows the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 to enter the external heat exchanger 130 and the refrigerant discharged from the internal heat exchanger 140 to the compressor 110. The first port 121 of the four-way valve 120 in the refrigerant line may be in communication with the fourth port 124, and the second port 122 may be in communication with the third port 123.

In addition, the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 is partially introduced to the internal heat exchanger 140 side from the first branching point 181 via the intermediate heat exchanger 180, and the other portion flows into the battery chiller 190. can be infiltrated.

In this case, the refrigerant heading toward the internal heat exchanger 140 is expanded through the first expansion valve 170 and then flows into the internal heat exchanger 140, and the low-temperature refrigerant introduced in this way flows from the internal heat exchanger 140 to the interior of the vehicle. By exchanging heat with blown air and supplying the heat-exchanged low-temperature air into the room, indoor cooling can be achieved.

As such, when the heat pump system 100 is operated only in the indoor cooling mode, the pumps 105, 165, and 193 provided in the indoor heating coolant circulation line CL, the electrical equipment cooling water circulation line EL, and the battery cooling water circulation line BL Since the operation is stopped, the coolant flow does not occur inside each of the coolant circulation lines CL, EL, and BL.

In addition, the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 located between the indoor heating coolant circulation line (CL) and the battery coolant circulation line (BL) connects the indoor heating coolant circulation line (CL) and the battery coolant circulation line (BL). is controlled to block the cooling water circulation between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL).

In addition, in the refrigerant circulation line (RL), the bypass valve 184 is closed and the second expansion valve 191 is opened, so that the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger 130 flows through the second expansion valve ( 191), and then flowing into the battery chiller 190 side and then flowing into the compressor 110 side, the flow circulation may be controlled to be made.

Alternatively, by closing both the bypass valve 184 and the second expansion valve 191, the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger 130 does not flow into the battery chiller 190 but directly flows into the internal heat exchanger 140. After being discharged to the compressor 110 side may be controlled so that the flow circulation is made.

Next, with reference to FIG. 3 , a case in which the heat pump system of the present invention is simultaneously operated in room cooling and battery cooling modes will be described.

When the heat pump system (100) is simultaneously operated in the indoor cooling mode and the battery cooling mode, the flow of refrigerant is "compressor (110) - refrigerant line 4-way valve (120) - electric chiller (161) - external heat exchanger (130, Functions as a condenser) - Intermediate heat exchanger (180) - Internal heat exchanger (140, functions as an evaporator) - Refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 - Accumulator 150 - Compressor 110".

In the case of simultaneous operation in the indoor cooling and battery cooling modes as described above, the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger 130 passes through the intermediate heat exchanger 180 and partially passes through the internal heat exchanger 140 starting from the first diverging point 181. side, and the other part may flow into the battery chiller 190 side.

At this time, the low-temperature refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchanger 140 exchanges heat with the air blown into the room, so that the heat-exchanged low-temperature air is supplied to the room to cool the room.

In addition, in the refrigerant line heading to the battery chiller 190, the bypass valve 184 is closed and the second expansion valve 191 is opened, so that part of the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 After flowing into the battery chiller 190 through the second expansion valve 191, the refrigerant may be introduced into the compressor 110 by joining with the refrigerant passing through the internal heat exchanger 140 at the second branch point 182.

In this process, the battery 194 can be cooled through the low-temperature refrigerant introduced into the battery chiller 190 and the coolant circulating inside the battery coolant circulation line (BL) and the coolant made into a low-temperature state by heat exchange with each other. . At this time, the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 may control the internal flow path to block the connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL).

As such, the condensed refrigerant passing through the external heat exchanger 130 expands through the first expansion valve 170 and the second expansion valve 191, and is transferred to the internal heat exchanger 140 and the battery chiller 190 as low-temperature refrigerant, respectively. By being introduced, air introduced into the HVAC module 101 is cooled to cool the room, and at the same time, the battery 194 can be cooled by a heat exchange action of the low-temperature refrigerant introduced into the battery chiller 190 .

Next, the case of the indoor heating mode shown in FIG. 4 will be described.

When the heat pump system 100 of the present invention is operated only in the indoor heating mode, the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line RL is “compressor 110 - refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 - internal heat exchanger 140 , Functions as a condenser) - External heat exchanger (130, functions as an evaporator) - Electric chiller (161) - Refrigerant line 4-way valve (120) - Intermediate heat exchanger (180) - Accumulator (150) - Compressor (110) As a result, the flow circulation of the refrigerant can be made.

In this case, the refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 allows the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 to flow into the internal heat exchanger 140 and the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger 130 to flow into the compressor 110. The first port 121 of the four-way valve 120 in line communicates with the second port 122, and the third port 122 may communicate with the fourth port 123.

In this way, when the heat pump system is operated in the indoor heating mode, the internal heat exchanger 140 functions as a condenser, and the high-temperature refrigerant introduced into the internal heat exchanger 140 exchanges heat with the air blown into the room, and the refrigerant The high-temperature air exchanged with the heat exchanger is supplied to the room, so that the room can be heated.

In addition, if necessary, the cooling water electric heater 104 is operated in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) to apply additional heat to the air supplied to the interior of the vehicle to heat the cooling water and supply it to the heater core 103, thereby improving heating performance. can improve

In this way, the situation in which the heat pump system is operated in the indoor heating mode is the winter season when the outdoor temperature is low. In general, since there is no need to cool the battery, the bypass valve 184 and the second expansion valve 191 are closed ( Close) to prevent the refrigerant from flowing toward the battery chiller 190.

Alternatively, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the bypass valve 184 of the refrigerant circulation line RL is opened and the second expansion valve 191 is closed so that the internal heat exchanger 140 A portion of the refrigerant released may flow into the battery chiller 190 through the bypass line 183 and then be controlled to be supplied to the compressor 110 . In this case, the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 is controlled to cut off the connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line CL and the battery cooling water circulation line BL, so that the cooling water circulating inside the indoor heating cooling water circulation line CL. It can be controlled so that indoor heating is made only through the.

Next, with reference to FIG. 5 , a case in which the heat pump system of the present invention is simultaneously operated in indoor heating and battery preheating modes will be described.

When the heat pump system 100 is simultaneously operated in indoor heating and battery preheating modes, the flow of refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line RL is “compressor 110 - refrigerant line 4-way valve 120 - internal heat exchanger (140, functions as a condenser) - External heat exchanger (130, functions as an evaporator) - Electric chiller (161) - Refrigerant line 4-way valve (120) - Intermediate heat exchanger (180) - Accumulator (150) - Compressor (110) In this order, the flow circulation of the refrigerant can be made.

In this way, when the heat pump system 100 is simultaneously operated in indoor heating and battery preheating modes, the internal heat exchanger 140 functions as a condenser, and the high-temperature refrigerant introduced into the internal heat exchanger 140 is blown into the room. The high-temperature air that has been heat-exchanged with the refrigerant is supplied to the room to heat the room.

In addition, when it is desired to further increase the indoor heating intensity, the cooling water electric heater 104 of the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) is operated to heat the cooling water, and the heated cooling water is supplied to the heater core 103 so as to By exchanging heat and supplying it to the room, heating performance can be improved.

In this way, when the heat pump system is operated in the indoor heating mode, since it is generally a winter season when the outdoor temperature is low, the charging speed of the battery 194 may be significantly reduced due to the low outdoor temperature. Therefore, when the outside temperature is low, it is necessary to heat the battery 194 to a predetermined temperature so as to increase the charging speed of the battery 194 .

Therefore, in the present invention, when the heat pump system 100 is operated in the battery preheating mode, the cooling water is heated using the cooling water electric heater 104 installed in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line CL, and the heated cooling water is converted into battery cooling water. It is configured to preheat the battery 194 by transferring it to the circulation line BL.

That is, by controlling the internal flow path of the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 to connect the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line (BL) to each other, the indoor heating cooling water circulation line (CL) and the battery cooling water circulation line ( The cooling water is circulated between the BLs, and the high-temperature cooling water heated through the cooling water electric heater 104 is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line (BL), so that the battery 194 can be preheated by the high-temperature cooling water. .

In addition, in the refrigerant circulation line (RL), by opening the bypass valve 184 and closing the second expansion valve 191, a part of the refrigerant from the internal heat exchanger 140 is transferred to the bypass line ( 183) to the side of the battery chiller 190 and heat exchange with the cooling water moving along the battery cooling water circulation line BL, and then supplied to the compressor 110.

In this case, the refrigerant moving out of the internal heat exchanger 140 and moving toward the battery chiller 190 does not flow into the second expansion valve 191, but directly flows into the battery chiller 190 through the bypass line 183, thereby reducing the refrigerant Since the temperature does not decrease, even when heat is exchanged between the refrigerant and the coolant in the battery chiller 190, the temperature of the coolant can be transferred to the heater core 103 without a significant drop. Accordingly, the coolant electric heater 104 There is no need to excessively overheat the coolant.

As such, when the heat pump system 100 is operated in the battery preheating mode, the cooling water is heated through the cooling water electric heater 104 installed in the indoor heating cooling water circulation line CL and capable of adjusting the calorific value, and the heated high temperature The cooling water is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line (BL) through the cooling water line 4-way valve 108 to preheat the battery 194, thereby preheating the battery without installing a separate battery heater on the battery cooling water circulation line as in the conventional method. can be performed smoothly. Therefore, since the battery power consumption for preheating the battery in winter can be reduced as much, an effect of improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be obtained.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make appropriate changes within the scope described in the claims of the present invention. this will be possible

100: heat pump system 101: HVAC module
102: blower fan 103: heater core
104: cooling water electric heater 105,165,193: pump
108: cooling water line 4-way valve 110: compressor
120: refrigerant line 4-way valve 130: external heat exchanger
140: internal heat exchanger 150: accumulator
161: electric chiller 162: electric cooling water flow path
163: electronic radiator 168: cooling fan
170: first expansion valve 180: intermediate heat exchanger
183: bypass line 184: bypass valve
190: battery chiller 191: second expansion valve
192: check valve

Claims (10)

In the automotive heat pump system for cooling and heating the interior of the vehicle by controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor,
a cooling water electric heater for heating the cooling water circulating inside the interior heating cooling water circulation line for interior heating of the vehicle;
a battery chiller that cools the battery by exchanging heat between the refrigerant circulating inside the refrigerant circulation line provided with the compressor, the external heat exchanger, and the internal heat exchanger, and the cooling water circulating inside the battery cooling water circulation line;
an expansion valve installed on a refrigerant line located upstream of the battery chiller;
a cooling water line 4-way valve installed between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line and selectively connecting the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line according to an air conditioning mode;
and a control unit controlling the cooling water electric heater and the cooling water line 4-way valve.
The method of claim 1, wherein when the air conditioning mode is operated in the battery preheating mode, the control unit controls a flow path of the 4-way valve in the cooling water line so that the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line are connected to each other. A heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that for preheating the battery by transferring the high-temperature coolant heated by the coolant electric heater to the battery coolant circulation line side through the coolant line 4-way valve.
The method of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circulation line,
a bypass line branched off from the refrigerant line upstream of the expansion valve and connected to the inlet side of the battery chiller;
a bypass valve whose opening/closing is controlled by the control unit and which selectively allows movement of the refrigerant toward the bypass line;
A heat pump system for a vehicle comprising a.
4. The heat pump system for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a check valve capable of preventing a reverse flow of refrigerant is installed in the bypass line.
The method of claim 3, when the air conditioning mode is operated as an indoor cooling mode,
The connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line is blocked through the cooling water line 4-way valve,
The bypass valve is closed and the expansion valve is open,
The heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger flows into the battery chiller side through the expansion valve.
The method of claim 3, when the air conditioning mode is operated as an indoor heating mode,
The connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line is blocked through the cooling water line 4-way valve,
The bypass valve is open and the expansion valve is closed,
The heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that the refrigerant from the internal heat exchanger flows into the battery chiller side through the bypass line.
The method of claim 3, when the air conditioning mode is operated in room cooling and battery cooling modes,
The connection between the indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line is blocked through the cooling water line 4-way valve,
The bypass valve is closed and the expansion valve is open,
The heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that the cooling of the battery is performed by heat exchange with the coolant circulating in the battery coolant circulation line when the refrigerant from the external heat exchanger flows into the battery chiller through the expansion valve.
The method of claim 3, when the air conditioning mode is operated as an indoor heating and battery preheating mode,
The bypass valve is opened and the expansion valve is closed, so that the refrigerant from the internal heat exchanger flows into the battery chiller side through the bypass line,
The indoor heating cooling water circulation line and the battery cooling water circulation line are connected to each other through the cooling water line 4-way valve, and the high-temperature cooling water heated through the cooling water electric heater is transferred to the battery cooling water circulation line to perform battery preheating. A heat pump system for automobiles.
The method of claim 1, wherein a heater core into which the cooling water heated by the cooling water electric heater flows is installed on the indoor heating cooling water circulation line, and the heater core is mounted on the upper side of the internal heat exchanger inside the HVAC module, and the blower fan A heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that for performing indoor heating through heat exchange with air blown through.
According to claim 1, Controlled by the control unit, a refrigerant line 4-way valve for transferring the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the external heat exchanger or to the internal heat exchanger; and
An electronic component cooling water circulation line for absorbing heat generated from various electrical components installed in a vehicle through heat exchange between the refrigerant moving along the refrigerant circulation line and the cooling water circulating itself, and discharging it to the outside;
In the electrical component cooling water circulation line,
an electrical component chiller mounted between the external heat exchanger and the 4-way valve in the refrigerant line to exchange heat between the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger and the cooling water flowing along the electrical component cooling water passage;
an electronic radiator mounted adjacent to the external heat exchanger to dissipate heat of the cooling water flowing through the electrical component cooling water passage;
a three-way valve installed at an intersection of the electrical component cooling water passage and the electrical component cooling water bypass passage;
A heat pump system for a vehicle, characterized in that a cooling fan is provided to promote heat dissipation by blowing air to the electronic radiator.

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