KR20230091745A - Reconfigurable metasurface antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

A variable structure metasurface antenna is disclosed. The variable structure metasurface antenna includes a feeding unit that receives electromagnetic waves and propagates them in the form of concentric waves; and a variable meta that is located on top of the power supply unit, has a plurality of unit radiators, and emits electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power supply unit to have different phase and polarization components according to a combination of activated unit radiators among the plurality of unit radiators. It includes the surface part.

Description

Reconfigurable metasurface antenna}

The present invention relates to a variable geometry metasurface antenna.

For efficient transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to effectively control the directing direction by considering the radiation pattern of the antenna. In particular, antenna beam steering performance is very important in communication with satellites far from the ground. There are two major methods for controlling the steering direction of the electromagnetic wave beam of the antenna. ① Directly move the antenna directly using a motor and aim it in the desired direction, ② Modulate the wavefront of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna surface to direct it in the desired direction. It is to allow electromagnetic waves to be steered and go out. In the latter case, there is no need to directly move the antenna, and phased array antenna technology is a representative technology that implements this.

A phased array antenna forms a desired shape of a wavefront by radiating electromagnetic waves of different phases and different magnitudes from a plurality of radiators on the surface. At this time, the intensity of the radiated electromagnetic wave and the steering direction vary according to the formed wavefront, which is determined by the number of radiators, the phase range of the electromagnetic wave that each radiator can modulate, and the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. A phased array antenna basically feeds electromagnetic waves of the same magnitude and phase to all radiators on the surface of the antenna. And after modulating the phase, it is amplified to an appropriate size to form a wavefront of the steering beam.

Meanwhile, recently, metamaterial/metasurface technologies that relatively freely control electromagnetic waves in desired shapes have appeared and are developing. In addition, as this technology is applied to the antenna field, it is being developed into holographic antenna technology, etc., and is showing many possibilities as it is grafted with a variable circuit. The most recent beam steering antenna of the preceding method is an antenna using a variable structure metasurface. It is the same as a phased array antenna in that the antenna surface is wavefront modulated to steer the beam in a desired direction, but the specific wavefront modulation method is different. In the case of a phased array antenna, electromagnetic waves of the same phase and the same magnitude are fed to each radiator, but a variable structure metasurface antenna is fed in space like a typical leaky wave antenna. Since the magnitudes and phases of the electromagnetic waves supplied to each radiator are all different, the beam is controlled by operating only the radiator capable of creating a beam steering wavefront in a desired direction.

A representative current variable structure metasurface antenna for satellite communication includes liquid crystal in each emitter of the metasurface, and the liquid crystal operates variably according to an electric signal to turn the emitter on or off. The range of antenna gain and steering angle is suitable for use for satellite communication, but the operating speed is very slow at the ms level because liquid crystal is used. Because of this slow operating speed, there are many situations in which it cannot be utilized in some cases.

The present invention is to provide a variable structure metasurface antenna.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a variable structure type metasurface antenna capable of freely steering a beam without using a phase modulator and an RF amplifier.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a variable structure type metasurface antenna capable of freely steering an electromagnetic wave beam while overcoming the disadvantages of the phased array antenna technology in a method different from that of the phased array antenna technology without using a mechanical drive unit.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a variable structure metasurface antenna in which problems such as slow operation speed and manufacturing complexity are improved by applying a circuit method that is relatively easy to manufacture instead of the liquid crystal used in the existing variable structure metasurface antenna.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a variable structure metasurface antenna is provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a power supply unit for receiving electromagnetic waves and propagating them in the form of concentric waves; and a variable meta that is located on top of the power supply unit, has a plurality of unit radiators, and emits electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power supply unit to have different phase and polarization components according to a combination of activated unit radiators among the plurality of unit radiators. A variable structure metasurface antenna including a surface portion may be provided.

Each of the plurality of unit radiators is formed in a circular ring shape, and an inner central portion isolated by the circular ring shape may be connected to the outside by an active electronic device.

A via hole for transmitting an electrical signal controlling activation of the plurality of unit radiators may be formed at inner centers of the plurality of unit radiators.

The active electronic device may be disposed toward the center of the variable meta-surface portion.

The plurality of unit radiators may be formed on a lower surface of the variable meta-surface portion, respectively, in contact with the power supply unit.

A plurality of bias lines may be formed on an upper surface of the variable meta-surface portion, and one end of each bias line may be connected to each unit radiator through the via hole.

A portion of each bias line connected to each unit radiator through the via hole may be formed perpendicular to a virtual direction line of each unit radiator.

The virtual direction line is a virtual line connecting the center of the variable meta-surface portion and the via hole of each unit radiator.

The other end of each bias line is connected to a connector for applying an electrical signal, and activation of each unit radiator may be determined by an electrical signal applied through the bias line.

The positions of the plurality of unit emitters are determined by the following equation,

는 골든 앵글(

)을 나타내고,

는 중심주파수 파장을 나타내며,

는 각 유닛 방사체 간의 간격 거리에 대한 비율을 나타낸다. Here, i represents the index of each unit emitter,

is the golden angle (

),

represents the center frequency wavelength,

represents the ratio of the spacing distance between each unit emitter.

The power feeding unit has a lower space and an upper space partitioned by a separator formed therein, a waveguide coupler receiving electromagnetic waves is located at the center of the lower space, and an RF absorber for absorbing the electromagnetic waves is located at the center of the upper space. However, the electromagnetic wave may be reflected from the lower space to the upper space.

The electromagnetic waves may propagate in different directions in the lower space and the upper space.

By providing a variable structure metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is different from the phased array antenna technology without using a mechanical drive unit, and overcomes the disadvantages of the phased array antenna technology, enabling free electromagnetic beam steering. can

In addition, the present invention can improve problems such as slow operation speed and manufacturing complexity by applying a circuit method that is relatively easy to manufacture instead of the liquid crystal used in the existing variable structure metasurface antenna.

In addition, the present invention has a simpler structure than conventional antennas, and has advantages of easy maintenance, low manufacturing cost, and high operating speed.

1 is a diagram showing a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a side view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a top view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
4 is a bottom view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a bottom view of a variable meta-surface unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the unit radiator of FIG. 6 .
8 is a top view of a variable meta-surface unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
9 is an enlarged view of a part of the bias line of FIG. 8;
10 is a diagram illustrating a beam steering result that varies according to a switching state of a variable structure metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Singular expressions used herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as "consisting of" or "comprising" should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various components or steps described in the specification, and some of the components or some of the steps It should be construed that it may not be included, or may further include additional components or steps. In addition, terms such as "...unit" and "module" described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented as hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram showing a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the present invention. A top view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an example, FIG. 4 is a bottom view of a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a variable geometry metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. , Figure 6 is a bottom view of a variable meta-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the unit radiator of Figure 6, Figure 8 is a variable meta-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a part of the bias line of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a view showing a beam steering result that varies depending on a switching state of a variable structure metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. am.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a variable structure metasurface antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a feeding unit 110 and a variable metasurface unit 120 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the power supply unit 110 and the variable meta-surface unit 120 may be disposed in a structure in contact with each other. That is, the variable structure type metasurface antenna may be formed such that the upper surface of the power feeding unit 110 and the lower surface of the variable metasurface unit 120 come into contact with each other.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the variable structure metasurface antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention may be formed in a circular shape. This is only one example, and may be formed in other shapes in addition to the circular shape depending on the implementation method.

The power supply unit 110 is a means for receiving an electromagnetic wave signal radiated through the variable structure type metasurface antenna 100 and transferring it to the variable metasurface unit 120 located at the top. That is, the power supply unit 110 may transmit electromagnetic waves in the form of concentric waves to the variable metasurface unit 120 after receiving the electromagnetic wave signal to be radiated to the antenna through the cable.

The power supply unit 110 receives electromagnetic wave signals from the center of the variable structure metasurface antenna 110, propagates them to the outer (outside) in the shape of concentric waves, reflects them from the side walls, and then propagates them back to the upper space. In transmitting the electromagnetic waves to the variable meta-surface part 120, the power supply unit 110 may transmit the electromagnetic waves in a two-layer structure. A structure for this will be described with reference to FIG. 5 .

As shown in FIG. 5 , the power feeding unit 110 may be divided into a lower space 501 and an upper space 502 . Here, the lower space 501 and the upper space 502 may be partitioned by the separation membrane 520 located inside the power supply unit 110 .

A waveguide coupler 510 for receiving electromagnetic waves may be positioned in the lower space 501 of the power supply unit 110, and an RF absorber 530 may be positioned in the upper space 502. The waveguide coupler 510 and the RF absorber 530 may be respectively positioned at the center of the power supply unit 110 .

The waveguide coupler 510 located in the lower space 501 of the power supply unit 110 may be connected to a cable to receive an electromagnetic wave signal and propagate it outward from the center of the lower space 501 . In this way, the propagated electromagnetic wave is reflected from the sidewall of the feeder 110 and is transmitted to the upper space 502 partitioned by the separator, and the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the upper space 502 is propagated from the outside to the center again, RF It can be gathered into the absorber 530.

Since the waveguide coupler 510 is located in the center of the lower space 501 and the feeder 110 itself (ie, a variable structure metasurface antenna) is formed in a circular shape, electromagnetic waves propagated from the waveguide feeder 110 are concentric circles. It may propagate from the center toward the outside of the power feeding unit 110 in the form of a wave.

Electromagnetic waves propagating outward from the lower space 501 of the power feeder 110 may be reflected to the upper space 502 by the inner reflector located on the outer periphery of the lower space 501 . In order to reflect electromagnetic waves from the lower space 501 of the feeder 110 to the upper space 502 , a portion of the inner reflector may be inclined at a predetermined angle. A portion of the inner reflector may be inclined at a predetermined angle, and the remaining portion may be formed perpendicular to the bottom surface of the lower space 501 so as to be parallel to the sidewall.

Also, an inner reflector may be formed on an outer periphery of the upper space 502 of the power supply unit 110 . The inner reflector of the upper space 502 may be formed in an inclined shape such that an upper portion has an inclination of a predetermined angle.

Electromagnetic waves reflected into the upper space 502 of the power feeding unit 110 are propagated in the form of concentric waves from the periphery to the center of the power feeding unit 110, and are gathered toward the RF absorber 530 formed in the center of the upper space 502. do.

For example, the waveguide coupler 510 located in the lower space 501 may have a diameter of about 10.4 mm and a height of 6.8 mm. In addition, the heights h _d and h _u of the lower space 501 and the upper space 502 may be formed to be 10.0 mm, respectively. The thickness of the separation membrane partitioning the lower space 501 and the upper space 502 of the power supply unit 110 may be 1.0 mm, and the gap between the separator and the inner periphery of the power supply unit 110 may be 5.7 mm, respectively. there is.

The inclined portion of the inner reflector of the lower space 501 may have a height of 6.0 mm and a length of 8.4 mm. An inclined portion of the inner reflector of the upper space 502 may have a height of 4.8 mm and a length of 7.5 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the description is centered on the assumption that the inner reflectors of the lower space 501 and the upper space 502 are formed differently from each other, but the inner side of the lower space 501 and the upper space 502 The reflector may be formed to have the same length and the same height and the same angle of inclination. In addition, the height and length may vary according to the number of frequency domains and center frequencies used.

Referring again to FIG. 5 , the power feeding unit 110 is partitioned into a lower space 501 and an upper space 502 by a separator, and the waveguide coupler 510 located in the center of the lower space 501 connects cables. Electromagnetic waves supplied through the electromagnetic waves can be coupled without reflection and propagated with uniform density in the form of concentric waves outward from the center of the lower space 501 .

The electromagnetic wave propagated by the waveguide coupler 510 is reflected by the inner reflector formed on the outer periphery of the lower space 501 and transmitted to the upper space 502, and the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the upper space 502 is transmitted from the outside to the center. It propagates in the form of concentric waves and gathers in the RF absorber 530 formed in the center of the upper space 502.

That is, the electromagnetic wave forms a concentric wave form with respect to the center of the antenna and propagates inside, and this concentric wave form can play an important role in beam steering of the variable structure metasurface antenna.

Electromagnetic waves traveling in a circular shape are the sum of plane waves traveling in all directions, and among them, the variable metasurface part 120 at the top can extract only the components constituting the beam in the direction to be steered.

A variable meta-surface part 120 is disposed above the power supply part 110 . As described above, the top surface of the power supply unit 110 and the bottom surface of the variable meta-surface unit 120 may be disposed to contact each other. Accordingly, the electromagnetic waves traveling while converging from the top surface of the power supply unit 110 to the center interact with the activated unit emitters of the variable meta-surface unit 120 to emit some energy to the outside. The phase and polarization components of electromagnetic waves emitted from the variable metasurface portion 120 may vary depending on the combination of activated unit emitters. That is, the phase and polarization components of electromagnetic waves emitted from the variable meta-surface portion 120 may vary according to the position, shape, and angle of the activated unit emitter.

When the electromagnetic waves inside the power supply unit 110 pass through the deactivated unit emitter of the variable metasurface unit 120, they can move in the direction they were traveling without any special interaction.

The variable meta-surface unit 120 is located above the power supply unit 110 and is a means for receiving electromagnetic waves from the power supply unit 110 and radiating them to the outside.

The variable meta-surface portion 120 includes a plurality of unit radiators. Here, the plurality of unit radiators may be arranged in a sunflower array form as shown in FIG. 6 .

In more detail, a plurality of unit radiators of the variable meta-surface part 120 may be formed on the lower surface of the variable meta-surface part 120 . In addition, each of the plurality of unit radiators may be formed in a circular ring shape as shown in FIG. 7 .

As shown in FIG. 7 , as each unit radiator is formed in a circular ring shape, an isolated region (referred to as an inner center for convenience) 705 may be formed in the central portion of the unit radiator by each unit radiator. An electrical signal for controlling activation of each unit radiator may be provided through a via hole penetrating from an inner center of the unit radiator to an upper surface thereof. The diameter of each unit radiator may be, for example, 9.3 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of each unit radiator is limited to 9.3 mm, but the diameter of each unit radiator may be modified according to the frequency at which the antenna is used. In addition, the diameter of each unit radiator may be modified in inverse proportion to the size of the permittivity of the PCB board used for the variable metasurface antenna. Based on the most commonly used FR4 substrate, when the antenna utilization frequency is, for example, Ku band, 12 to 18 GHz, the diameter of each unit radiator may have various sizes from 1 mm to 12 mm. In addition, when the diameter of each unit radiator has a size of 1 mm to 12 mm, the size of the circular ring-shaped gap of each unit radiator may be formed to 0.1 to 11 mm. Here, the gap represents the difference between the outer radius of the circular ring shape of each unit radiator and the radius of the isolated region (ie, the inner center).

Each unit emitter includes at least one active device 710 since electromagnetic characteristics such as resonance must be modulated according to an electrical signal. Here, the active electronic device may be a PIN diode or a varactor diode.

As shown in FIG. 7, each of the plurality of unit radiators is formed in a circular ring shape, and the current flow is turned on or off by the potential difference between the inside and outside of the plurality of unit radiators by the active electronic device. It can be.

The active electronic device may perform a role of connecting electrical signals or changing the phase of electromagnetic waves. The shape of the variable meta-surface portion 120 can be variously changed according to desired characteristics by the active electronic device. For example, it may have various shapes such as a square shape, a dumbbell shape, a circle shape, a triangle shape, a bow tie shape, an ellipse shape, and the like.

This is an enlarged view of a part of the upper surface of the variable metasurface part 120. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of bias lines (electrical signal lines) are formed on the upper surface of the variable meta-surface unit 120, and electrical signals applied through each bias line are transmitted through via holes to each unit radiator formed on the lower surface. can be conveyed

Ends of the plurality of bias lines are bundled and connected to a connector, and electrical signals may be supplied through the corresponding connector. In addition, the other ends of the plurality of bias lines are connected to via holes connected to respective unit radiators so as to affect electromagnetic waves interacting with each unit radiator.

That is, each of the plurality of unit radiators may be connected to each bias line formed on the upper surface of the variable meta-surface portion 120 through a via hole at the center. That is, the via hole formed in the center of each unit radiator is connected to the bias line formed on the upper surface of the variable meta-surface portion 120, and the electrical signal applied through the bias line can be transmitted to each unit radiator through the via hole.

Depending on the electrical signal transmitted through the via hole, a potential difference is generated inside and outside each unit radiator formed in a circular ring shape, and current flows to the active electronic element formed to connect the inner center and the outside of each unit radiator formed in a circular ring shape. This may be on or off.

In addition, the bias line for electronically controlling each unit radiator is perpendicular to the virtual direction line connecting the via formed at the center of each unit radiator and the center of the variable metasurface in order to minimize the influence on the interaction between the supplied electromagnetic wave and each unit radiator. It can be formed to (see Fig. 9).

As shown in FIG. 9, the virtual direction line is a virtual line connecting the via hole formed at the center of each unit radiator and the center of the variable meta-surface portion, and the virtual direction line may also be formed differently according to the position of each unit radiator. . The virtual direction line is only for explanation, and is not a line formed on the actual variable metasurface portion 120 .

For example, it is assumed that the virtual direction line of the unit radiator is as shown in FIG. 9 . A portion of each bias line connected to the via hole communicating with the center of each unit radiator may be bent perpendicular to the virtual direction line (ie, 90 degrees) and connected to the via. In this way, since the bias line is connected to the via so that the virtual direction line corresponding to each unit radiator and a portion of each bias line are perpendicular to each other, there is an advantage in that interference can be minimized.

Each bias line of a portion corresponding to the area of each unit radiator is bent perpendicularly to each unit radiator and connected to a via, and after extending out of the area of each unit radiator, the bias line is bent in an outer direction and connected to a connector. there is.

For example, assuming that the embodiment of the variable structure type metasurface antenna is an antenna operating in a Ku-band that can be used for satellite communication, the line width of each bias line may be formed between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.

Each unit emitter of the variable metasurface portion 120 is positioned in a sunflower array, and the location can be determined as in Equation 1.

는 골든 앵글(

)을 나타내고,

는 중심주파수 파장을 나타내며,

는 각 유닛 방사체 간의 간격 거리에 대한 비율을 나타낸다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에서는 (ratio)가 0.35인 것을 가정하기로 한다. 그러나, (ratio)가 반드시 고정된 0.35값으로 제한되는 것은 아니며, (ratio)의 크기는 0.1 이상으로 각 유닛 방사체의 개수나 크기 등에 따라 변형될 수 있음은 당연하다. 즉, 각 유닛 방사체의 인덱스 i의 범위에 따라 (ratio)의 크기가 변형될 수도 있다. Here, i represents the index of each unit emitter,

is the golden angle (

),

represents the center frequency wavelength,

represents the ratio of the spacing distance between each unit emitter. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that (ratio) is 0.35. However, (ratio) is not necessarily limited to a fixed value of 0.35, and it is natural that the size of (ratio) may be modified according to the number or size of each unit emitter at 0.1 or more. That is, the size of (ratio) may be modified according to the range of the index i of each unit emitter.

The active electronic device (PIN diode) included in each unit emitter of the variable meta-surface part 120 is placed where the current flow can react sensitively, but in one embodiment of the present invention, the variable meta-surface part 120 Active electronic devices of each unit radiator may be positioned toward the center.

The center of the variable meta-surface part 120 is set to the origin (0,0), and the variable meta-surface part 120 can be made except for the first few (i=1 to 5).

Two-dimensional beam steering is possible according to electrical signal control to each unit radiator of the variable meta-surface portion formed as described above.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the result of varying the beam steering according to the switching of each unit radiator of the variable metasurface unit 120 . It can be seen that the variable structure metasurface antenna is capable of beam free steering for satellite communication uplink, and that beam free steering is also possible for downlink if the structures are changed according to the 14.25 GHz band.

In addition, the performance of the variable structure metasurface antenna may vary depending on the number of unit radiators constituting the metasurface and the width of the antenna radiation surface. The intensity of the radiated electromagnetic wave energy can be predicted based on dipole modeling, and the energy intensity of the steering beam and the number of emitters of each unit have a proportional relationship as shown in Equation 2.

, 안테나 이득은 30dBi 수준에 이를 수 있다. For example, when the number of radiators for each unit of the variable metasurface portion 120 is 3000 or more and the antenna diameter is 80 cm, the steering angle is the polar angle regardless of the azimuthal angle.

, the antenna gain can reach a level of 30 dBi.

So far, the present invention has been looked at mainly by its embodiments. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to understand that the present invention can be implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered from a descriptive point of view rather than a limiting point of view. The scope of the present invention is shown in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the equivalent scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.

100: variable structure metasurface antenna
110: power supply
120: variable metasurface

Claims (12)

A power supply unit that receives electromagnetic waves and propagates them in the form of concentric waves; and
A variable metasurface positioned at an upper end of the power supply unit, having a plurality of unit emitters, and radiating electromagnetic waves transmitted from the power supply unit to have different phase and polarization components according to a combination of activated unit emitters among the plurality of unit emitters. A variable structure metasurface antenna including a part.
According to claim 1,
The plurality of unit emitters,
A variable structure metasurface antenna, characterized in that each is formed in a circular ring shape, and an active electronic element connects the inner center and the outside isolated by the circular ring shape.
According to claim 2,
A variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that a via hole for transmitting an electrical signal for controlling activation of the plurality of unit radiators is formed in the inner center of the plurality of unit radiators.
According to claim 2,
The variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that the active electronic element is disposed to face the center of the variable metasurface portion.
According to claim 2,
The plurality of unit radiators are variable structure type metasurface antennas, characterized in that each of the plurality of unit radiators is formed on a lower surface of the variable metasurface portion in contact with the power supply unit.
According to claim 3,
A plurality of bias lines are formed on the upper surface of the variable meta-surface portion,
A variable structure metasurface antenna, characterized in that one end of each bias line is connected to each unit radiator through the via hole.
According to claim 6,
A variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that a portion of each bias line connected to each unit radiator through the via hole is formed perpendicular to a virtual direction line of each unit radiator.
According to claim 7,
The variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that the virtual direction line is a virtual line connecting the center of the variable metasurface portion and the via hole of each unit radiator.
According to claim 6,
The other end of each bias line is connected to a connector for applying an electrical signal,
A variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that whether or not to activate each unit radiator is determined by an electrical signal applied through the bias line.
According to claim 1,
The variable structure type metasurface antenna, characterized in that the position of the plurality of unit radiators is determined by the following equation.

Here, i represents the index of each unit emitter,

is the golden angle (

),

represents the center frequency wavelength,

represents the ratio of the spacing distance between each unit emitter.
According to claim 1,
The power supply unit has a lower space and an upper space partitioned by a separator formed therein,
A waveguide coupler receiving electromagnetic waves is positioned at the center of the lower space, and an RF absorber for absorbing the electromagnetic waves is positioned at the center of the upper space,
The variable structure metasurface antenna, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave is reflected from the lower space to the upper space.
According to claim 11,
The variable structure metasurface antenna, characterized in that the electromagnetic wave propagates in different directions in the lower space and the upper space.

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