KR20230085053A - Hybrid module optimization device including fire and construction safety - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a technology for controlling the balance of each array with maximum power through a power pump device in a string structure in which solar modules are connected in series and parallel. It shows effective performance when applied to the wall of a building where the direction of solar radiation is non-uniform or to parallel module arrays for ships and automobiles that fluctuate heavily.
As an embodiment of the present invention,
A module array combining at least two or more solar cell modules in parallel;
a power pump unit disposed in the module array to track and balance a maximum power point voltage of each module array;
an offset current sensing unit sensing a current flowing through the module array;
Connected to the power pump unit to supply supplemental voltage to the module array to control the voltage of the parallel array,
Tracking the maximum power point voltage,
A configuration for balancing the effective generation voltage of the module array by detecting a change in effective current of the offset current sensor passing through the power pump unit is disclosed.
In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention,
Solar cell modules that can be coupled in series or parallel strings;
an optimizing unit tracking the module to a maximum power point and controlling the optimized balance within the series or parallel string;
an offset current sensing unit for sensing a current flowing through the module string;
The optimizing unit controls at least two of power pumping to supply supplemental voltage to the module string, providing a bypass path bypassing the module, or jump switching to directly connect the power of the module to the string. Including; control converter unit;
The maximum power point tracking,
A hybrid module optimization device comprising a configuration for tracking a maximum power point while balancing active power in a string through in-phase and anti-phase control corresponding to a change in current or power detected by the offset current sensor Initiate.
According to the present invention, optimization of unifying two or more maximum power point voltages generated in series or parallel arrays having different insolation amounts is achieved.
Through the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effect of balancing the entire photovoltaic power generation system in which a battery, an inverter, and a module are combined as well as a balance between series and parallel arrays.
According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent electric shocks of firefighters for solar power plants and falls due to electric shocks in high-altitude work.

Description

Hybrid module optimization device including fire and construction safety {Hybrid module optimization device including fire and construction safety}

The present invention is a technique for tracking the maximum power point while maintaining the balance of each module array in series or parallel through an optimizing device in a string structure of solar modules connected in series and parallel. It shows effective performance when combining modules installed on the wall and roof of a building where the direction of solar radiation is non-uniform, or in an environment where a part of a string is shaded. The present invention secures the safety of firefighters in extinguishing a fire in a photovoltaic module and further includes a technology for preventing an electric shock accident for a person performing photovoltaic construction on the roof of a building.

In a photovoltaic power generation facility, voltage and current change according to insolation angle, weather, and temperature (see FIGS. 1, 2, 3a, and 3b).

In a photovoltaic power generation system, when each module is installed at a different angle and direction, the amount of solar radiation applied to each module varies depending on time or season, and accordingly, the output voltage and current at the same time also vary. The generated power of the module may change in an unspecified manner due to bird droppings, fallen leaves, and sometimes the salt of the seashore.

When several modules are connected in series, the total output power of each module is based on the current of the module with the worst conditions for generating power, so the rest of the series modules can supply proper current to the load stage even if there is surplus current. there will be no

Conversely, if several modules are connected in parallel, the voltage of the module with the best conditions is the standard. At this time, although the remaining parallel modules supply power to the load stage, they cannot supply proper current due to the low voltage drop.

When modules are installed on the roof and walls of a building, or on multiple walls with different directions and configured as an array, this balance problem becomes important. The balance between modules to be compensated emerges as an important task. In an array connected in series or parallel, the variation in solar radiation applied to the module means that several maximum power points appear on the P-V curve within one string (see FIG. 13).

On the other hand, in the solar power generation system, the module is designed with a voltage at least 50% higher than the battery voltage. This is because about 20% of the battery charge voltage change (see FIGS. 4 and 5), about 20% of the life cycle of sunlight, and about 10% of the temperature change characteristics are taken into account. If this design is not met, you will experience a module voltage shortage in summer or when you want to fully charge the battery.

The future photovoltaic power generation system is expected to develop into a building-attached BIPV (Building Integrated PhotoVoltaic). In this case, if the firefighters spray (sprinkle water) with a fire hose to extinguish the fire, if the power is not cut off from the solar power generation system, there is a risk of electric shock to the firefighters along with the water stream.

On the other hand, the voltage of the photovoltaic module is usually lower than 48V, which is a low voltage series, but several are combined in series and usually combined into a series string of 450V to 650V to be supplied to the inverter. For BIPV construction, on the roof or on the wall of a high-rise building If you come into contact with such a high voltage while working, there is a risk of human life due to electric shock or a secondary accident of falling due to the electric shock.

The present inventor has invented a power pump posted as a prior art document below. This power pump is a technology that supplies power to the load end by lifting the module voltage by pumping when the voltage of the module is low. The present invention extends this idea so that a power pump in an array in which a plurality of modules are coupled in parallel can track and control the maximum power point voltage while balancing the entire parallel array.

Furthermore, by additionally conceiving a series array balance control configuration that solves the current passage obstacles caused by the influence of shadows in the series array as an active bypass route, the power pump and the bypass route operate mixed or alternately, thereby improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. A technique for tracking the maximum power point is disclosed.

When applying a module array, you must be prepared to balance all arrays because you do not know which module array may have different light receiving conditions such as solar radiation. In view of this, the present invention is an integrated hybrid module optimization technology in which a function of constantly balancing a current or a constant voltage is automatically switched as needed in a series and parallel array system configuration.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a technical means for preventing electric shock accidents in advance in firefighting or BIPV construction by firefighters.

(1) JP 2013-526943 (2012.08.01.) (2) US 14/734971 (2015.06.09.) (3) KR 1020200089557 (2020.07.20.) (4) KR 1020190019077 (2019.02.19.) (5) KR 1020190094849 (2019.08.05.) (6) KR 1020200039764 (2020.04.01.) (7) KR 1020190094844 (2019.08.05.) (8) KR 1020150008277 (2015.01.16.) (9) KR 1020180001666 (2018.01.05.) (10) KR 1020170153635 (2017.11.17.) (11) KR 1020180154303 (2018.12.04.) (12) KR 1020190170458 (2019.12.19. (13) KR 1020200038300 (2020.03.30.) (14) KR 1020210003544 (2021.01.11.)

A first object of the present invention is to disclose a technique for simultaneously controlling maximum power point tracking and balance between arrays in series or parallel arrays. Furthermore, as a single optimizer, a technique for tracking and controlling changes in module status within an array is also intended to be disclosed.

A second object of the present invention is to procure the operating power of the optimizer in a parallel array, but disclose a configuration that feeds back individual modules or integrated power, and further remote monitoring and remote shutdown control using PLC (power line communication) or wireless communication It is intended to provide.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a technical means for preventing an electric shock accident of a firefighter or an electric shock fall accident of a contractor due to a solar power generation system.

As one embodiment of the present invention for this purpose,

A module array (M1, M2, ... Mn) combining at least two solar cell modules in parallel;

a power pump unit 30 disposed on the module array and controlling the balance while tracing each module array to a maximum power point voltage;

an offset current detection unit (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) for detecting a current flowing through the module array and detecting an effective current remaining after offsetting the current consumed by the power pump unit;

Connected so that the power pump unit 30 supplies supplementary voltage to the module array to control the voltage of each module array,

Tracking the maximum power point voltage,

The power pump unit is a positive feedback function that compares and controls the supplementary voltage change value of the power pump unit and the effective current change value of the offset current sensing unit, and increases or decreases the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module to increase or decrease the effective current of the module array. A configuration for balancing the generation voltage is disclosed.

The positive feedback function controls the power pump unit to increase the supplemental voltage when the supplementary voltage change value and the active current change value are in phase, and when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in antiphase, the power It may include a configuration that achieves the maximum power point tracking of the balance and the module array at the same time by repeating the feedback control for controlling the pump unit to reduce the replenishment voltage.

Here, the power pump unit may further include a multi-switching control unit 40 configured as a single device and supplying an output voltage by controlling a duty ratio to an output terminal of the power pump unit. The multi-switching control unit further includes a configuration for interlocking a smoothing circuit for filtering the duty ratio control signal into DC or pulsating current components at the module array side while supplying power supplied to the module array as timed or simultaneous duty ratio control pulses. can do.

The offset current sensing unit may sense each individual module array or may include a configuration integrally connected to the entire module array circuit configured in parallel. The multi-switching control unit may further include a configuration of increasing or decreasing a duty cycle of the multi-switching control unit for the corresponding module circuit according to current detection of the corresponding module array in synchronization with the offset current detection unit.

In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention,

A module array comprising a plurality of modules in parallel (M1, M2, Mn);

a battery 2 and a charging system 3 for storing power from the module array;

a power pump unit (30-1, 30-2, 30-n) for controlling the voltage by supplying an output voltage to one electrode of the module array while being started by power from the module array or the battery;

Offset current detectors (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) disposed in the passage of current supplied from the module array to the load terminal 4 to detect an effective current;

The power pump unit increases or decreases the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module as a positive feedback function that compares and controls the change value of the output voltage of the power pump unit and the change value of the effective current passing through the offset current sensor. Including a configuration for balancing the effective power generation voltage of

The positive feedback function increases the output voltage of the power pump unit when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in phase, and increases the output voltage of the power pump unit when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in opposite phase. A configuration in which the maximum power point is tracked by repeating the feedback control for reducing the output voltage is disclosed.

The in-phase control and the out-of-phase control may be configured to be made of a logic circuit including a combination of AND, NAND, NOT, EXOR, and OR, and furthermore, the in-phase control and the out-of-phase control may be configured to be performed through a microcomputer program. can

The power pump unit may include a configuration in which the output voltage is adjusted within a range limiting the maximum value of the voltage output from the module.

The power pump may further include a switching configuration associated with a wireless network as a function of monitoring the voltage, current, or power of the module and remotely disconnecting the module in case of emergency.

Power for operating the power pump can utilize external batteries, commercial power (rectifier), or power fed back from modules. If necessary, an independent module may be provided for supplementary power.

In addition, the present invention is another embodiment specialized for string structures including serial and parallel arrays,

Solar cell modules (M1) that can be coupled in series or parallel strings;

an optimizing unit (2000, 4000) for tracking the module to a maximum power point and controlling the optimized balance within the series or parallel string;

an offset current sensing unit (Rs1) for sensing a current flowing through the module string;

The optimizing unit controls at least two of power pumping to supply supplemental voltage to the module string, providing a bypass path bypassing the module, or jump switching to directly connect the power of the module to the string. Including; control converter unit (200, 400);

The maximum power point tracking,

Disclosed is a hybrid module optimizing device including a configuration of tracking a maximum power point while balancing active power in a string through in-phase and out-of-phase control corresponding to a change in current or power detected by the offset current sensor.

Here, the bypass path of the optimizing unit is configured by connecting the passive unidirectional current paths (D22 and D42) and the output of the active multi-control converter unit in parallel, but adjacent modules connected in series at the switching off time of the multi-control converter unit It may be configured to bypass the current and supply the power generated by the module at the switching on time of the multi-control converter unit.

In addition, the maximum power point tracking of the optimizing unit performs in-phase power pumping to increase the voltage of the corresponding module when the voltage of the corresponding module is higher than the set reference voltage, and when the voltage of the corresponding module is lower than the set reference voltage, the current of the adjacent module It may include a configuration for tracking the maximum power point by controlling the multi-control converter unit to provide a bypass path that is a passage. In addition, the present invention discloses a plurality of means described in the specification, such as a configuration using a PLC.

In addition, the present invention is an embodiment of solar light for rapid shutdown to prevent electric shock accidents of firefighters or constructors in advance,

Solar power plant module (M1);

an optimizer 3000 connected to the module;

A firefighting signal receiver 3300 included in the optimizer and responding to a firefighting signal;

A switch unit (S31, S32) for cutting off and controlling the power of the module;

The optimizer tracks the maximum power point voltage of the module and controls the switch unit when the output of the fire signal receiver is generated to cut off the power of the module from the load terminal. The fire safety technology can be independently used in a power line system other than the optimizer.

Here, the firefighting signal may be detected as an audible sound wave as a characteristic sound of a siren of a fire truck or as a code control signal of non-audible sound such as ultrasonic waves.

In this case, the firefighting signal preferably includes a control transmitter for generating a signal having a beam angle in a specific direction as a specific firefighting signal code signal. Disclosed is a configuration for starting or blocking control of string power through a circuit breaker interlocked with a control transmitter and a receiver that receives the control transmitter.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the firefighting signal receiver remotely set signal characteristics such as a frequency to be sensed, and respond to a firefighting signal generated from the fire engine or remotely control the fire engine.

According to the present invention, optimization of tracking two or more maximum power point voltages generated in a parallel or series module array having different solar radiation is achieved. Furthermore, even with a single power pump, the maximum power point of the entire parallel module array can be tracked and balanced, resulting in an effect of reducing the capacity of the power pump facility.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, by applying a multi-control converter of a simple configuration to the module unit, there is an effect that each module is used in parallel or in series or in common. Furthermore, by using power line communication, there is an effect of simplifying facilities capable of performing remote control such as maximum power point control, monitoring, and cutoff control in case of emergency by using power lines in common without the burden of a separate communication line or wireless network.

According to the present invention, a function of constructing an optimizer that operates actively without external power supply and automatically following the module state and optimizing generated power regardless of a change in solar radiation or a construction environment of the module is achieved.

Through the present invention, it is possible to obtain the effect of balancing not only the balance between parallel module arrays but also the entire solar power generation system in which a battery, an inverter, and a module are combined.

According to the present invention, it is possible to ensure the safety of firefighters by directly shutting off module power output from a fire engine at a fire site before extinguishing a fire.

According to the present invention, power is not generated during the string connection work on the roof or on the wall of a high-rise building, and after the string connection work is completed, string power is produced by operating the start switch, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock from high-voltage electricity get a relieving effect.

1 and 2 are graphs showing changes in voltage or current according to solar energy changes.
3a and 3b are IV curve diagrams of solar modules.
4 and 5 are graphs showing changes in terminal voltage and charging current with the lapse of charging time in typical liquid batteries and lithium ion batteries.
6 is a diagram explaining the principle of charging by natural fall, in which a charging path is established in an ESS (battery) under normal solar energy.
7 is a view explaining the principle of insufficient voltage drop when charging cannot be performed due to weakening of solar energy, increase in temperature, or increase in ESS terminal voltage.
8 is a supplementary power supply principle for supplementing the uncharged state of FIG. 5 in the prior art, FIG. 9 is a state in which supplementary power supply is strengthened, and FIG. 10 is a state of FIGS. A drawing explaining each principle.
11 and 12 are block diagrams introducing the technical contents of the prior art invented for the operation of FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 as drawing excerpts.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing how the maximum power point voltage (Vmp) shifts left and right due to solar radiation change or contamination on the IV and PV curves of the module.
14 and 15 are block diagrams showing an example of a configuration in which a multi-switching control unit and a power pump are interlocked with a plurality of offset current sensing units as an embodiment of the present invention.
16, 17 and 18 are block diagrams showing an example of a configuration in which the multi-switching control unit and the power pump of the present invention are interlocked with a single offset current sensing unit.
19 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention for tracking the balance and maximum power between each parallel array by controlling individual module arrays using the offset current sensing unit and the power pump unit of the present invention.
20 is a sequence signal in which the output stage of the multi-switching control unit 40 of the present invention generates duty ratio output pulses differentially or simultaneously, filters them in a smoothing circuit, and supplies them as direct current (pulsating current) to a parallel array. Waveform shown.
21 is an algorithm flow chart showing the principle of controlling the maximum power point voltage and balancing the parallel array according to the present invention.
22 and 23 are block diagrams showing an example of the multi-control converter of the present invention.
24 is a block diagram showing an example of configuring a module as a series string using the multi-control converter unit of the present invention.
25 is a flowchart showing the principle of operation of the multi-control converter unit of the present invention as an algorithm.
26 is a block diagram showing an example of applying the multi-control converter unit of the present invention to a serial string.
27 is a block diagram showing an example of applying the multi-control converter unit of the present invention to a parallel string.
28 is a block diagram showing an example of applying the multi-control converter unit of the present invention to serial and parallel strings.
29 is an algorithm flowchart showing an example of control by a hybrid optimizing device using the multi-control converter unit of the present invention.
30 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of combining a multi-control converter unit and a PLC communication network as a blocking filter of the present invention. 30 includes a configuration for detecting contact failure of the conceptor as a wireless noise signal.
31 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the multi-control converter of the present invention.
32 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the multi-control converter of the present invention.
Fig. 33 is a flow chart explaining the operation of the block diagram of Fig. 32;
34 is a block diagram showing an embodiment for preventing an electric shock accident of a firefighter or an electric shock fall accident of a constructor.
Fig. 35 is a flow chart explaining the operation of Fig. 34;
36 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which the multi-control converter unit of the present invention is implemented with an N-MOSFET but a chopper is applied to the - line of the converter.

The present invention may have various embodiments in addition to the description below, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, since this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the configurations disclosed below include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. Although similar reference numerals have been used for similar components while describing each drawing, for example, terms such as first, second, first, and second are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. However, it should not be understood as being limited by attaching terms to these components as first, second, first, second, etc. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the above terms may refer to a first element as a second element, and in the same principle, a second element may also be referred to as a first element. The same is true for the first and second cases, as well as the terms 'first' and 'next'.

Under the same principle, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent through the detailed description that follows.

6 and 7 geometrically illustrate the principle that charging is possible only when the module voltage is higher than the battery voltage.

8 and 9 show that even when the module voltage is low, charging is possible if sufficient supplemental power is supplied to compensate for the low voltage.

(In the present invention, supplemental power means the principle of supplementing voltage and consequently ejecting power from the module, so in the use of terms, supplementary power and supplementary voltage, output power and output voltage will be used interchangeably without distinction except in special cases. .)

10 is a term that encompasses solar radiation (insolation, pollution, direction, angle deviation, etc., the same as below. The same below) tracks the change in module voltage and adjusts and supplies supplementary power. The battery charge can be maintained at all times. is shown. In FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, the module power generates power in the amount shown, and the size of the supplementary power is also increased or decreased according to the needs of the load stage. The module power and the supplementary power are summed and supplied to the load stage.

11 is an extract of a principle of procurement of supplementary power and a principle of how to combine with a module in the prior art. (Prior art is invented by the inventor of the present invention, and if there is any insufficient explanation in the specification of the present invention, please consider the prior art as a function of the dictionary.)

In short, FIG. 11 is an example of supplying supplementary power as described above by connecting the power supplementary unit 13 in series to the negative (-) path of the module 1. Components connected to the cathode can be connected by substitution to the anode.

12 is a block diagram illustrating the principle of a step-down converter. As a PWM pulse width signal, it outputs a voltage lower than the input voltage by using the energy stored in the coil (inductor). As the output of the switching member (13-2-4) such as TR, FET, IGBT is controlled by the pulse width (PWM), the voltage output to (13-1) is adjusted. (14-1) includes the microcomputer output.

13 is an I-V curve and a P-V curve diagram of the module. In a module array in which a plurality of modules are organized in parallel, if all modules have the same standard temperature condition (STC) characteristics or NMOT (normal module operation temperature) characteristics, If conditions (light receiving conditions) are the same ideal conditions, the maximum power points will be aligned side by side on a vertical line of any one of P1 to Pn.

However, even if the STC or NMOT characteristics are the same, if the solar radiation or light receiving conditions are different for each parallel array, each module array appears as a different maximum power point. it is shown

At this time, if Pn is used as the reference maximum power point voltage and matched with the load end, the module M1 does not produce power at the maximum power point P1 and produces power at the Pc power point position, which is the cliff position. In the end, proper power generation efficiency cannot be expected. At this time, one of the principles of implementation of the present invention is that the power pump intervenes and moves the Voc of the module M1 to the right to match the module Mn to balance the modules M1, M2, and Mn.

In other words, if the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of P1 is equal to the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of Pn by supplying supplementary voltage to the P1 module, even if the magnitude of power differs depending on the magnitude of solar radiation of each module, the voltage drop It is uniform on the side, so that the maximum power of the module can be supplied to the load end. 13 is a geometric diagram of this principle.

However, the appearance of FIG. 13 is not determined between each parallel module, but changes from time to time for each module due to cloud cover, different pollution conditions, or fluctuations in the insolation angle of the sun relative to the attachment position of the building. Since P1 may change to Pn or Pn may change to P2, etc., this should be taken into account in the application of the power pump.

The present invention includes a technique of supplying supplementary power to the module array and controlling each module to operate at the balance between the module arrays and the maximum power point through tracking to match the maximum power points of P1, P2, and Pn.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings.

14 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention,

A module array (M1, M2, ... Mn) combining at least two solar cell modules in parallel;

a power pump unit 30 disposed on the module array to track and balance a maximum power point voltage of each module array;

an offset current detection unit (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) for detecting a current flowing through the module array and detecting an effective current remaining after offsetting the current consumed by the power pump unit;

The power pump unit 30 is connected to supply supplemental voltage to the module array to control the voltage of the parallel module array,

For tracking the maximum power point voltage,

The power pump unit increases or decreases the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module as a positive feedback function for comparing and controlling the change value of the replenishment voltage of the power pump unit and the change value of the effective current passing through the offset current sensor to detect the module array. While balancing the effective generation voltage of

The positive feedback function controls the power pump unit to increase the supplemental voltage when the supplementary voltage change value and the active current change value are in phase, and when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in antiphase, the power Disclosed is a configuration in which the balance and the maximum power point of the module array are tracked at the same time by repeating feedback control for controlling the pump unit to reduce the replenishment voltage.

In the configuration of FIG. 14 , the in-phase includes, for example, simultaneous increase of the sensing value of the offset current sensing unit for detecting the active current of each module array at the rising edge of the output voltage of the power pump unit. The same-phase control means changing the output of the power pump unit to high in the same-phase. That is, at this time, the output voltage, which had risen according to the detection of the edge state, is controlled to further rise.

On the contrary, the reverse phase includes a phenomenon in which, for example, a detection value of an offset current detector detecting an active current of each module array decreases at an output voltage rising edge of the power pump unit. That is, it includes the phenomenon of alternatingly fluctuating in the opposite directions of rising and falling at the same time. In this case, anti-phase control means that the output of the power pump unit is changed to low in the anti-phase. That is, at this time, control is performed to reverse the output voltage, which had risen according to the detection of the edge state, to fall.

The power pump unit 30 may be connected one by one for each parallel module array as in the case of FIG. 19, or may be configured as an integrated unit as in the case of FIG. 14 or selectively configured in any form. Accordingly, first, the operation of the case of FIG. 14 will be described.

In the configuration disclosed in FIG. 14, the power pump unit 30 is integrated into one device, and the output terminal of the power pump unit 30 has a multi-switching system that distributes and supplies supplementary power (voltage) to each parallel module array through duty ratio control. It can be seen that the control unit 40 is connected. The multi-switching control unit is a configuration interlocked with each of the switching members 40-1, 40-2, and 40-n that distribute and connect one power source to a plurality of outputs.

In this multi-switching control unit 40, the microcomputer in the power pump unit outputs (first variable) of each switch 40-1, 40-2, 40-n of the multi-switching control unit 40 and the offset current detection unit It receives the output (second variable) of Rs1, Rs2, and Rsn and adjusts the output voltage of the power pump unit while comparing them in a paired synchronous state. At this time, it is possible to compare whether changes in the same time axis range (ie edge) are in phase or out of phase with the voltage of the output terminal of the multi-switching controller as the first variable and the detection output of the offset current detector as the second variable.

For example, if the voltage of the first multi-switching control unit 40-1 and the current of the first module array M1 change in phase, the voltage increases by focusing more on the first module array, and vice versa is controlled with the concept of reducing the voltage, and the maximum power point is automatically tracked. This is because the power pump unit always generates an output voltage to the side where the output of the offset current sensing unit is higher due to the characteristics of self-feedback control by detecting the same-phase and anti-phase edges. In-phase detection control and out-of-phase detection control are algorithms that find the control direction of the module voltage from Vsc to Vmp or the module voltage from Voc to Vmp and maintain it at the Vmp position.

In addition, if the other modules also adjust the voltage in this synchronous state, all the module arrays are balanced with the optimal voltage corresponding to the maximum power that the modules can emit, so the first module array connected in parallel ( M1) to n-th module arrays Mn are balanced with the maximum power value. Here, balance means that the P-V curve in FIG. 13 is controlled to move left and right so that the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of all modules is placed on a vertical straight line to P1 or Pn in FIG. 12. In this case, the current of each module may vary depending on the solar radiation conditions, but the drop voltage toward the load end is always in the same range as the maximum power point voltage despite changes in temperature.

The multi-switching control unit is a power switching device for 3-terminal control using MOSFET, IGBT, TR, etc., and controls the connection validity period between the drain of the input stage and the source of the output stage by supplying duty ratio control pulses to the gate terminal. The higher the duty ratio, which is the valid period of connection, the higher the output voltage, and the smaller the duty ratio, the lower the voltage (for example, duty ratio 0% to 100%). If each parallel module array is controlled and sensed by identifying it as an ID, it is possible to synchronize multiple parallel arrays with one power pump unit and multi-switching control unit by synchronizing them by phase.

The power (voltage) supplied from the multi-switching control unit 40 to each module array circuit is in the form of a differential pulse, and may be controlled by the principle of increasing or decreasing the duty ratio, or control the supply with simultaneous duty ratio control pulses (refer to the description of FIG. 20 to be described later). In either case, since only half of the modules connected in parallel are subject to power supplementation with probability as described above, the capacity of the power pump unit is reduced compared to applying each individually.

In FIG. 14, the capacitors C1, C2, and Cn are members that filter the pulse output including the duty ratio. As a result, the output of the power pump unit filtered into DC or pulsating current components is supplied to the module array (refer to the description of FIG. 20 to be described later).

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14 , the offset current sensing unit is connected to individual module array circuits connected in parallel to sense each individual module array. Therefore, directional switching members D3-1, D3-2, and D3-n are added to interlock the (-) output terminal of the power pump unit for each array without direct interference with each other.

The flywheel switching members D2-1, D2-2, and D2-n serve to form a direct route without going through the power pump unit in the case of the highest voltage parallel module array. As for this member, diodes, as well as FETs, TRs, etc. may be applied, whereby at least 1/2 of the parallel array conducts current directly without passing through the power pump unit, thereby reducing the capacity of the power pump unit.

Unexplained numerals D1-1, D1-2, and D1-n are directional members that prevent reverse current applied to the module, which are protective elements that can be omitted and directly connected as described later.

In addition, (3) is a charge controller that adjusts the voltage level according to the charging voltage of the battery while reducing the part where the voltage of the module exceeds. The charge controller may include a BMS (Battery Management System) function. (4) is a load stage connected in parallel to the battery system. The load stage uses direct current as it is in the case of streetlights, and is interlocked via an inverter when supplied to home appliances.

Although the module exemplifies the structure of strings (M1, M2, Mn) interlocked in a multilayer serially coupled configuration and a parallel array in FIG. 14, this string structure may be configured as a string by combining several modules in parallel with only a single module. . That is, the Module of FIG. 14 can be interpreted as a cell within a single module (panel).

On the other hand, the offset current detection unit (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) is shown as a combination of comparator amplifiers (U1, U2, Un) that detects the voltage at both ends of the resistor when current flows, but a hall sensor or the like is applied instead here. You may. The offset current sensing unit may be selectively moved and disposed in the cathode path and the anode path.

In the case of FIG. 14, the power pump unit 30 may adopt a buck converter of a down converter principle. This is possible because the supplemental voltage is lower than the total voltage of the module array.

In FIG. 14, the operating power of the power pump unit is procured from the module array. Therefore, FIG. 14 has the property of automatically starting after sunrise.

The principle of tracking the maximum current value in FIG. 14 will be supplemented in more detail with the operation description of FIG. 16 and FIG. 21.

FIG. 15 is the same as that of FIG. 14 , except that the protection devices D1-1, D1-2, and D1-n are omitted. Photovoltaic modules have a unique characteristic in which the difference between the maximum power point voltage (Vmp) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) ranges from 20% to 30%. Therefore, in FIG. 14, even though the maximum power point voltage is different between the respective parallel arrays M1, M2, and Mn, the anode and cathode of the protection elements D1-1, D1-2, and D1-n are within the range of the open-circuit voltage. is often in the equipotential range. Therefore, since the protection elements D1-1, D1-2, and D1-n can be practically removed as shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 15 shows an example of an embodiment in this case.

16 shows an embodiment of a configuration in which the offset current sensing unit Rst is connected through the entire parallel module array.

In this case, the flow of current throughout the system is defined as follows.

First, in weak module power as in the case of sunrise, the idling current of the power pump unit 30 circulates in the anodes of the modules M1, M2, and Mn and the power pump unit 30 as a B path indicated by a dotted line.

Next, when solar radiation increases to some extent and current is generated in the module to an effective size, a current larger than the idling current is output to the dotted line A path, and the charge controller 3 and the battery 2 are output from the positive poles of the modules M1, M2, and Mn. ) or through the load stage 4.

At this time, if excessive supplementary power is supplied to a specific module array, the current in the B path increases due to the inefficient power consumption consumed, and accordingly, the current corresponding to the reduced amount of the total module array current is output to the A path, which is an active current component. This will reduce the offset current. The offset current is the remaining current after deducting the idling current of the power pump unit and the operation current of the power pump unit consumed in supplying supplemental power from the total current of the module. Therefore, if the output of the power pump unit is excessively increased, the effective current is rather reduced. Accordingly, if the power pump unit individually controls each switch 40-1, 40-2, 40-n of the multi-switching control unit 40 so that the offset current is maximized even though the offset current detection units Rst are integrated into one, The maximum power point can be found.

That is, even if the offset current detection unit Rst is integrated into one, if the edge change of the integrated offset current detection unit and the corresponding module array are detected in phase synchronization, in-phase and anti-phase detection as defined in FIG. 14 are possible, and accordingly, Individual module arrays can be controlled, and eventually each module array is balanced with a maximum power point.

According to this principle, the microcomputer in the power pump unit 30 detects the output of the offset current detection unit Rst with an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), operates in conjunction with the output of the power pump unit, and controls the duty cycle with the multi-switching control unit. generate a switching conversion pulse output that That is, tracking the maximum value of the active current is to control (increase or decrease the duty cycle) the output voltage of the power pump unit while monitoring the detected value of the offset current sensor that detects the active current of each module array, and adjust the active current in the same phase. If it changes, the output voltage increases and if it changes in antiphase, it decreases, but the maximum power point is tracked and controlled through a positive feedback function that repeatedly proceeds this action within the maximum allowable voltage range.

It can be seen that the result of the control operation of the logical detection function of the power pump unit is the same whether it is operated through each offset current sensor as shown in FIG. 14 or through the single integrated offset current sensor in FIG. 16 .

In short, if the output of the power pump unit is excessive, the effective output is reduced and the internal current consumption of the power pump unit is increased. Therefore, the microcomputer in the power pump part automatically balances between modules while tracking the range where the effective current is maximized.

17 is another representation of the embodiment of the present invention, showing a case in which the operating power of the power pump unit is taken from a battery. In the configuration of FIG. 16 , idling current for minimum starting of the power pump unit may be consumed even after sunset. However, when a time or optical sensor 30-6 system for detecting sunrise or sunset, which is omitted in FIG. 17, is added, as in the case of FIG. Instead of such a sensor, a means for controlling the amount of active current in a sleep mode and a wake-up mode by detecting a high or low amount of active current may be added as an offset current sensing unit.

In FIG. 17, the operation of the offset current sensing unit Rst is as follows.

In FIG. 17, the idling and operating currents of the power pump unit 30 pass through the input power supply unit 30-6 of the power pump unit 30 and the power pump unit 30 to the B path from the offset current detection unit Rst. will flow to If the output of any one of the power pump units increases, the current in the B path increases more because the operating current consumption is greater than that of other parallel module arrays. However, if the power produced by the module is greater than that, the difference in current is charged The flow increases to path A via the controller 3, the battery 2 or the load stage 4. Since the efficiency increases as the current of the path A increases, the power pump unit converts the duty ratio switching result of the switching control members 40-1, 40-2, and 40-n of the multi-switching control unit 40 in the same phase or in antiphase. While detecting, whenever it fluctuates from moment to moment, the maximum value of the effective current flowing through the A path is tracked. According to this principle, integrated parallel balance control and maximum power point control of the power pump unit are possible even through the offset current detection unit of FIG. 17 . In short, while tracking each module array to the maximum power point voltage, the balance is naturally set.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 17, as the flywheel switching members D2-1, D2-2, and D2-n are omitted, if the duty pulse frequency of the multi-switching controller is sufficiently high and the capacity of the smoothing capacitor is sufficiently large, With the output of the switching control unit and the output of the power pump unit, the flywheel switching member can be omitted. In this case, each switch (40-1, 40-2, 40-n) of the multi-switching control unit is different from when there is a flywheel switching member in that it must operate to continuously generate output alternately or continuously generate output at the same time. There may be subtle differences in action.

18 illustrates an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system without a battery.

In the case of grid power without a charge controller and battery, the inverter has an MPPT function that tracks the maximum power point while swinging over a wide voltage range. In this case, when the power pump unit 30 interlocks with the offset current detection unit Rst to track the maximum point of the effective current supplied to the inverter 4, it becomes a very effective convergence technology. That is, the MPPT of the inverter is in charge of tracking the total power with the module array integrated, but the power pump unit, multi-switching control unit and offset current detection unit of the present invention are in charge of balancing each parallel array to create an integrated voltage. They will have a fusion effect with each other. As can be seen from this, it can be seen that the present invention always maintains a stable balance at the maximum power point, regardless of whether it is a load end voltage that is constant with the battery voltage or a load end voltage that fluctuates irregularly with the MPPT input voltage of the inverter.

In FIG. 18, the power pump unit 30 and the multi-switching control unit 40 are integrated with FIGS. 19 and 18 to be described later, and the coil 30-4, which is the output terminal of the power pump unit 30, and the capacitor 30 -5) and MOSFETs 30-1 are installed in the power pump unit 30, each output is connected to each parallel array, and the gate of the MOSFET is configured so that the microcomputer (software) controls the duty ratio individually. may be In this case, the multi-switching control unit 40 is integrated into the power pump unit 30. 18 in principle, but is integrated into a single power pump unit 30 in shape and controlled by a single microcomputer algorithm.

19 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which balance and maximum power are tracked between each parallel array by controlling individual module arrays using an offset current sensing unit and a power pump unit of the present invention. in other words,

A module array comprising a plurality of modules in parallel (M1, M2, Mn);

A battery 2 and a charging system 3 for storing power from the module array;

A power pump unit (30-1, 30-2, 30-n) controlling the voltage of the module by supplying an output voltage to one electrode of the module array while being started by power from the module array or battery;

Offset current detectors (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) disposed in the passage of current supplied from the module array to the load terminal 4 to detect an effective current;

The power pump unit increases or decreases the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module as a positive feedback function that compares and controls the change value of the output voltage of the power pump unit and the change value of the effective current passing through the offset current sensor. Including a configuration for balancing the effective power generation voltage of

The positive feedback function increases the output voltage of the power pump unit when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in phase, and increases the output voltage of the power pump unit when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in opposite phase. A configuration for tracking the maximum power point by repeating feedback control to reduce the output voltage is disclosed.

Although FIG. 19 shows that starting power for the power pump unit is supplied from the side ends of the module arrays M1, M2, and Mn, starting power for the power pump unit may be supplied from a battery as needed.

In FIG. 19, since the output voltages (Eo1, Eo2, and Eon) of the power pump unit are supplied to the negative electrode of the module array, if a supplementary voltage is supplied to a module array having insufficient voltage among the module arrays, for example, P1 in FIG. You can move the Voc.

At this time, the output voltages (Eo1, Eo2, Eon) of the power pump unit may be supplied in the form of analog direct current or pulsating current voltages while controlling the output voltages to high or low. By observing the fluctuation of , it is possible to know which module array is weakened. In addition, it is possible to indirectly observe how the power pump unit intervenes and operates. Accordingly, the means of the present invention includes means for remotely observing this operation.

The output voltages (Eo1, Eo2, Eon) of the power pump unit may be supplied by controlling the output voltage to high or low by digital duty ratio control, and at this time (Eo1, Eo2, Eon), as shown in FIG. 16, the capacitor (C1, C2, Cn) to the flywheel switching member (D2-1, D2-2, D2-n) can be selectively and additionally connected. To observe the intervention state of the power pump unit in this configuration, a method of removing a capacitor and observing a change in the duty ratio of a digital signal with an oscilloscope or the like, or observing a change in DC or pulsating current voltage when the capacitor is connected may be adopted.

20 is a waveform diagram explaining this.

The waveform diagram on the left of (A) of FIG. 20 is a state when the output of each switch (401, 40-2, 40-n) of the multi-switching control unit 40 is generated as a differential duty ratio control signal, and the right side is smooth Through circuits (C1, C2, Cn), (40-1) is converted to high voltage, (40-2) to medium voltage, and (40-n) to low voltage DC component and supplied to the module. This difference in voltage means that each module array is balanced at the maximum power point voltage by supplying that much voltage to each corresponding module array.

The multi-switching control unit (40-1, 40-2, 40-2, 40-1, 40-2, 40-n) shows the digital pulse waveform of the output of the MOSFET 30-1 in the power pump unit 30 and the charge pumps 30-3, 30-4, and 30-5 filtering it. Since it is identical and similar to the output, it will be appreciated that this description corresponds to explaining how the output of the power pump unit is supplied to the module.

The case of FIG. 20 (B) operates on the same principle, but there is a difference in that the left pulse generation of FIG. 20 (A) or (B), if the smoothing circuit time constant is sufficiently larger than the period of the pulse, the voltage supplied to the module array by the power pump unit is maintained within the range of at least the pulsating current voltage.

Now, the hardware of FIG. 19 and the maximum power point control algorithm shown in the flowchart of FIG. 21 will be described in more detail.

The power pump unit 30 includes the microcomputer and software 30-2 described in FIGS. 14 to 18, and the program of the microcomputer detects signals through ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and DAC (digital-to-analog converter). The output voltage is supplied through a converter), and FIG. 19 is a simplified block diagram. (However, the microcomputer and program can be replaced with a combination of logic circuits such as AND, NAND, and EXOR.)

First, in FIG. 19, the offset current sensing units (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn) show changes in voltages (Ei1, Ei2, Ein) according to the increase or decrease of current, and operational amplifier units (U1, U2, Un) that amplify them. It is supplied to the microcomputer 30-2 as a second variable that drives software through . That is, the second variable in the present invention is the effective current sensed by the offset current sensing unit.

The first variable detected by the microcomputer 30-2 is the output voltage (Eo1, Eo2, Eon) of the power pump unit.

The microcomputer 30-2 recognizes whether the changes of the first variable and the second variable are in the same phase, that is, the values are changed in the same + direction (High).

In addition, the microcomputer 30-2 recognizes whether the change of the first variable and the second variable is in reverse phase, that is, for example, the first variable is + direction (High), but the second variable is changed in - direction (Low). do.

The software of the microcomputer 30-2 judges this recognition result with the algorithm of FIG. 21, which is a logic function, and executes corresponding control.

In the operation of FIG. 21, the microcomputer 30-2 compares the first variable 101, the voltage deviation (ΔV), and the second variable 102, the current or power deviation (ΔI or ΔW), and It is determined whether it is a phase (103). If it is in the same phase, the output terminal of the corresponding power pump unit 30 or the corresponding multi-switching control unit 40 is controlled by at least one step increase. If this is via the multi-switching control unit, it is supplied to the corresponding module array in the form of direct current or pulsating current via a filtering function (for example, one of capacitors C1, C2, and Cn. This may include an inductor) (107).

After that, the microcomputer recognizes and determines the first variable and the second variable (101, 102, 103). Even if it is determined again, if it is the same phase as above, the output voltage is raised one more step as (104) again.

When the feedback of a certain operation is repeated in this process, an excessive voltage is supplied to the module, and the operation efficiency of the power pump unit decreases. When this case is reached, the microcomputer recognizes that the first variable and the second variable change in reverse phase.

At this time, the microcomputer recognizes that the phases of (101, 102) are detected as antiphase (105) and switches to an operation of controlling the output voltage of the power pump unit to fall (106).

In this process, the in-phase appears when the voltage of the module array is insufficient, and the out-of-phase appears when the voltage supplied to the module array is exceeded. This is the principle that the power pump unit tracks the maximum power point.

Furthermore, since the in-phase and out-of-phase changes appear in the comparison of not only a single module array but also a group of adjacent arrays, in-phase and out-of-phase changes appear, so if it is circulated in a state in which the in-phase and anti-phase are compromised, it is a plurality of parallel module arrays. It becomes a balancing act between the two.

In summary, the positive feedback function of the present invention, which detects in-phase and out-of-phase feedback control, serves to simultaneously track the maximum power point and balance the module array.

In the present invention, the in-phase means that the change values of the first variable and the second variable change in the upward and downward directions at the same time, and the anti-phase means that the values of the first variable and the second variable change in different upward and downward directions or in different directions other than the same phase. is a term

Unexplained numerals 108 and 109 schematically show the principle that the level of the DC voltage changes according to the pulse shape for which the duty ratio is controlled.

In a structure controlled by feedback, it is preferable to take an instantaneous edge for the change values when detecting the same phase. In order to effectively detect the same phase, it is preferable to additionally apply software buffering or hardware charge pump (capacitor, etc.) as a temporary storage function to the microcomputer input terminal.

In-phase control and out-of-phase control, which are functions of the microcomputer, may be made of a logic circuit including a combination of AND, NAND, OR, EXOR, and NOT. Since the logical program structure of the microcomputer itself is based on this principle, it is possible to configure a combination of an FPGA or other logic circuit and a comparator (operational amplifier) even if it is not a microcomputer.

In the embodiment including FIG. 19 , the charge controller may be integrated into the power pump unit or integrated into a BMS that manages the battery. Each component of the present invention may include a voltage control unit necessary for charging and discharging the battery 2 .

The term module array of the present invention means that a plurality of modules are connected in parallel, whether in series or a single module, and is interpreted interchangeably without limiting an array or a string. In short, it is a generic term for a group of parallel, single or series modules.

Meanwhile, the control unit of the power pump unit may check the topmost voltage of the module array and set the power pump unit to generate an output within a range limiting the maximum value so as not to be excessively boosted.

22 and 23 are block diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the optimizing units 2000 and 4000 capable of forming a detour or power pumping when some modules in the serial string are shadowed.

That is, in one embodiment of FIGS. 22 and 23,

Solar cell modules (M1) that can be coupled in series or parallel strings;

an optimizing unit (2000, 4000) for tracking the module to a maximum power point and controlling the optimized balance within the series or parallel string;

an offset current sensing unit (Rs1) for sensing a current flowing through the module string;

The optimizing unit performs power pumping (S21) so that supplementary voltage is supplied to the module strings (Load+, Load-), or provides a bypass path (D22) bypassing the module (M1), or power of the module to the string A multi-control converter unit (200, 400) that controls at least two of jump switching (S22) to be directly connected; includes,

The maximum power point tracking,

Configuration of tracking the maximum power point while balancing the active power within the string (Load+, Load-) through in-phase and anti-phase control corresponding to the change in current or power detected by the offset current detection unit (Rs1) Disclosed is a hybrid module optimizing device comprising a.

Here, the provision of the bypass path of the optimizing unit (2000, 4000) is configured by connecting the passive unidirectional current path (D22, D42) and the output of the active multi-control converter unit (200, 400) in parallel. During the off-time of the converting switches (S21, S41) of the control converter unit, the current of adjacent modules connected in series is bypassed, and the duty cycle is to supply the power generated by the module during the on-time of the multi-control converter unit's converting switch (S21, S42). It can be implemented in a configuration that controls the ratio.

In addition, the maximal power point tracking of the optimizing unit performs in-phase power pumping to increase the voltage of the corresponding module when the voltage of the corresponding module is higher than the set reference voltage, and when the voltage of the corresponding module is lower than the set reference voltage, the voltage of the adjacent module A configuration for tracking the maximum power point by controlling the multi-control converter unit to provide a bypass path, which is a current path, may be included.

Furthermore, the multi-control converter unit may further include a configuration for controlling power of the corresponding module to be directly jump-connected to adjacent modules according to a result of the offset current sensing unit.

Each of the N-channel MOSFETs inside the optimizing units 2000 and 4000 shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 includes means for replacing them with P-channel MOSFETs. (If the allowable capacitance of the member is sufficient, the P-channel MOSFET is more advantageous in that power for gate drive is not separately required. Therefore, the symbols of the present invention, such as MOSFET, IGBT, and GanTR, are collectively shown in FIG. 32, As shown, it is not specifically limited to the current direction.)

The operation will be sequentially described from FIG. 22 .

22, in a state where the converting switch (S21) is off and the jump switch (S22) is on, the module power is directly connected to the string system (Load+ and Load-) as it is. At this time, although the diode D22 forms a bypass path in shape, it is reverse biased when a voltage is generated in the module, so in reality, current does not flow as a bypass path, and all currents in the string system flow only through the module. At this time, the power generated by the module flows into the string (generated power system between Load+ and Load-). Since the voltage drop of the offset current sensing unit Rs1 having a low resistance value on this path is insignificant, it can be ignored from the viewpoint of the amount of power generated. In this jump switch on state, it is preferable that the inverter connected to the end of the string includes the MPPT function.

The control unit U22 may periodically check whether it is advantageous for the multi-control converter unit 200 to intervene by operating the converting switch S21 at a duty ratio while turning off the jump switch S22. If the string does not draw enough power from the module (M1), that is, if the module voltage is in the range between Vmp and Voc, the converting switch (S21) operates and presses the module voltage, the power supplied to the string will increase. can Otherwise, if the module voltage is in the range between Vmp and Vsc, the power supplied to the string is further reduced when the converting switch S21 is turned on. This is because idling energy consumed in the chopper (coil L21 and diode D21) of the multi-control converter unit 200 acts as a loss.

If the power does not increase even though the multi-control switching unit 200 is operated, the control unit U22 puts the converting switch S21 in an off state to eliminate idling loss and simultaneously returns the jump switch S22 to an on state. Energy loss generated while passing through the coil L21 can be prevented. As a result, the power of the module is supplied to the string as it is without idling power loss.

Next, the control unit U22 turns off the converting switch S21 and the jump switch S22 at the same time. As a result, when the current flowing through (Rs1) increases, the off time (duty ratio) is controlled to be longer, thereby increasing the period of providing the bypass path. Turning off the converting switch and the jump switch at the same time is the same as momentarily removing the bias voltage applied in reverse to the diode (D22). do. That is, it means that more current is produced in the adjacent module connected in series than the module in question. By turning off the switches S21 and S22, the diode acts as a passive current path to other adjacent modules that have been bottlenecked. to pass the current produced by

If only a part of the module M1 is shaded, the power generated by the module M1 is also present. By controlling the converting switch (S21) with a duty ratio so as to be possible, the current of the diode (D22) acting as a bypass path and the output current of the multi-control converter unit (200) in which the accumulated energy of the capacitor (C21) is discharged are mixed and supplied to the string do.

Eventually, the result of the offset current sensing unit (Rs1, U1) is input to the control unit U22 composed of a microcomputer or logic, and according to the detection result, the control unit U22 appropriately controls the jump switch S22 and the converting switch S21. Thus, in the end, it functions as an optimizing unit that performs three operations of direct connection, converting and/or bypass.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of step-up and step-down control of the voltage of the module M1 in order to expand the multi-control converter unit 200 of FIG. 22 into a step-up converter.

Fig. 22 is a down converter made of, for example, Buck, while Fig. 23 is an up-down converter made of, for example, SEPIC. It can also be configured as a buck-boost converter. In addition, various converting means such as ZETA and CUK may be applied. The configuration of FIG. 23 will be described in conjunction with FIG. 24 as follows.

In the series string of FIG. 24, when a shadow occurs in the module M1 and no shadow occurs in other modules, and a difference occurs in generated power, the voltage at both ends of the module M1 decreases. At this time, the concept of controlling the bypass path D22 described in FIG. 22 is to control the diode D22 as a forward bias so that the reduced voltage does not interfere with the current flow of other modules even if it is unavoidable.

Conversely, if shading occurs in other modules in the string and the module M1 receives strong solar radiation, the voltage of the module increases and the module voltage rises to the vicinity of the open circuit voltage (Voc) equal to or higher than the maximum power point (Vmp). As such, if the voltage near Voc increases, the maximum power point is exceeded, so a function to balance the voltage and current is required.

At this time, the optimizing unit 4000 of FIG. 23 boosts the voltage of the multi-control converter unit 400 by detecting an increase in current or power sensed through the offset current sensing unit Rs1. If the output voltage of the multi-control converter unit 400 connected to the module M1 increases in a state where the current in the string is constant, the load applied to the module M1 increases, so the voltage of the module M1 is lowered from Voc to Vmp, and eventually, through a feedback action, the power detection of the offset current sensing unit is lowered to the maximum power point voltage (Vmp) to maintain a stable state.

That is, according to the step-down conversion of FIG. 23, the optimizing unit 4000 in the string can both amplify current and amplify voltage. Current amplification works as a current path for other modules when the relevant module (M1) is shaded, and voltage amplification converts surplus current into voltage and supplies it to the string when other modules are shaded within another series string It becomes a function to However, it is preferable to limit the amplification of this voltage to be within a set range by sensing the voltage of the entire string. This is a means to prevent excessive overvoltage, but in reality, this limiting function may not be necessary because the MPPT of the inverter covers it to some extent.

Functions of each component of the optimizing units 2000 and 4000 of FIGS. 22 and 23 will be described as follows.

1) converting switching units (S21, S41); In the equation of the conversion theory (D / 1-D), it functions to step-up or step-down the voltage of the module (M1) with the energy of the capacitor and inductor accumulated during the period of 1-D. D is the duty ratio, voltage boosting is performed when D is large, and voltage stepping is performed when 1-D is large. (50% / 50%), there is only idling loss and the input/output voltage becomes the same.

2) jump switching units (S22, S42); It is a switch path that directly connects the power of module M1 to the string. When the jump switch is turned on while the converting switch is turned off, the power of the module M1 is all supplied to the string without idling loss. However, in this case, in order to maintain the module voltage at Vmp, MPPT control is required at the string load end (e.g., inverter). Otherwise, it is not practical to track the maximum power point in the converting switching unit even if there is idling power consumption. there is.

3) bypass path (D22, D42); The diodes D22 and D42, which have hardware bypass paths, become conductive only when the bias voltage becomes forward. To this end, the controllers U22 and U42 must switch the on state of the converting switch and the jump switch to off. The longer the transition period to the off state, the larger the size of the bypass path (that is, the pipeline through which the current of adjacent modules passes), but if it only depends on this, the current produced by the module (M1) cannot be supplied to the string. It is necessary to adjust as a duty ratio. If (1-D) is increased but the size is adjusted in proportion to D, mixed control is possible in the bypass path.

4) offset current sensing units (Rs1, U1); It is an element that operates to always connect the converting switching unit and the jump switching unit or to control the switching duty ratio. In the structure of the circuit, the remaining string supply power (or current) after subtracting the internal power consumption of the multi-control converter unit is sensed. It is the function of the sensor that assists in finding the maximum power point.

5) control unit (U22, U42); The control unit directly controls the converting switch and the jump switch while tracking the maximum power point through the in-phase and anti-phase control described above based on the detected value of the offset current sensor, and further indirectly controls the bypass path linked thereto (i.e. , forward bias control). The control unit may include a communication network control capable of blocking and telemetering through remote control, which can be controlled to configure a simplified communication line with a PLC (power line communication) linked with a blocking filter as described below. In-phase and out-of-phase control of the control unit can be achieved by a logic composed of a logic circuit as well as a microcomputer.

The switches S21, S22, S41, and S42 may be driven in isolation by optocouplers. D21, D22, D41, and D42 shown as diodes may be replaced with Schottky or lower resistance FETs.

24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of interlocking implementation in which the optimizing unit 4000 of the present invention is applied to a serial string.

Partial shading or module contamination is highly likely to occur at an unspecified place and at an unspecified time, so unless it is a clearly specified obstacle, it is necessary to consider the balance of all modules in the string. In addition, although the voltage and current characteristics of modules connected in series must be the same, it is difficult to expect such a uniform situation due to the manufacturing process, construction process, and line resistance characteristics. this happens Since the non-uniformity can be accelerated by feedback, it is preferable that the optimizing unit is always operated in a ready state. 24 is a concept of a configuration in consideration of this.

Each series-connected module (M1, M2, Mn) is optimized by continuously moving high or low voltages within the string system. If it is low, it means that the current of the module has decreased, and if it is high, it means that the current of the module has increased. Here, each optimizing unit converts the current into voltage to make the voltage higher, and if the current is low, expands the bypass path to adjust the current higher, and balances each module as a whole within the range of the maximum power point. However, since the balance at this time is based on power, a module with strong solar radiation may have a higher voltage, and a module with weak solar radiation may have a lower voltage.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating a duty ratio control algorithm of the multi-control converter units 200 and 400, and is an extension of the in-phase and out-of-phase control algorithms described in FIG. 21 above.

The control units U22 and U42 change the first variable 101 and the second variable 102 in reverse phase, that is, for example, the first variable is + direction (High), but the second variable is - direction (Low). It recognizes whether it is changing, judges it with a logic function, and executes corresponding control.

In FIG. 25, ΔV and ΔI (or ΔW) are compared to determine whether they are in the same phase (103), and if they are in the same phase, the duty cycle of the multi-control converter unit is increased by one step (104). In the case of a duty ratio that enhances the converting output, the step increase becomes an increase of D, and in the case of a duty ratio that expands the bypass path, a step increase becomes an increase of 1-D. The concept of in-phase control becomes AND logic in terms of a logic circuit.

If the phase is out of phase, the duty ratio is controlled by decreasing the duty ratio (105, 106). At this time, if the duty ratio is reduced to the minimum (203) and does not return to the same phase, the process escapes (ends, 500-2) rather than controlling the duty ratio. Either by turning on the jump switches (S22, S42) and turning off the converting switches (S21, S41) or turning off the jump switches (S22, S42 and turning off the converting switches (S21, S41) to provide only the bypass path. do one This action is automatically controlled by reflecting the detection result of the offset current sensor in the control unit.

That is, in FIG. 25 , there is an algorithm 203 for operating the jump switch at the minimum duty ratio compared to FIG. 21 . Conversely, in the case of the highest duty ratio, the bypass path is maximally extended. The concept of reverse phase control becomes EXOR logic in terms of a logic circuit. Since the description of FIG. 21 may be taken into consideration for the rest of the components, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which the optimizing unit 4000 of FIG. 23 is applied to one serial string. In this case, it operates as a bypass route in a situation where one module, module M1, is shaded. Inside the optimizing unit, the jump switching unit S42 is turned off and the converting switching unit S41 is turned on and off, thereby bypassing the bypass route. The execution rate of the pass path D42 is controlled. At this time, the bypass current increases as the value of 1-D increases.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which the optimizing unit 4000 of FIG. 23 is applied to a structure in which a plurality of modules are stringed in parallel. In this case, when shading occurs in any one module M1, the jump switching unit S42 is turned off inside the optimizing unit and the converting switching unit S41 is turned on and off to boost the voltage to equalize the module voltage in the string. At this time, the converting switching unit (S41) increases the ratio of D (operating period) to 1-D (idling period) to bring the voltage of the module (M1) located between Vsc and Vmp to Vmp.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which the optimizing unit of FIG. 23 is applied to a serial/parallel string. In this configuration, when a module is shaded, the bypass path of that module is strengthened, and the remaining modules boost the voltage reduced by power pumping to increase the voltage of the entire string to the string load (for example, a charge controller or inverter) This requirement is matched by optimization. The fact that the value of the offset current sensing unit is maximized while adjusting to the optimum voltage required by the load stage means that the string has become an optimized balance.

FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a process of optimizing within a serial string using the optimization algorithm shown in FIG. 25 .

In the optimizing unit, after inferring the maximum power point voltage in preparation for the open circuit voltage of the module, corresponding control can be performed using the inferred maximum power point voltage as a set value. Since the open-circuit voltage at this time varies depending on temperature and solar radiation, it is possible to actually measure and infer the open-circuit voltage and maximum power point voltage periodically or periodically according to the intensity of illumination and temperature at a certain time of the day.

In FIG. 29, when the module voltage is within a set range, for example, +/- 1% of (Vmp), the optimizing unit may stand by in a sleep mode (5001). This sleep mode can be exemplified by the state in which the jump switch is turned on in FIG. 23 . Sleep mode prevents or minimizes idling power.

The optimizing unit may return to the wakeup mode by reaching a set period or detecting a change in the offset current sensing unit (5002). For example, it senses when there are environmental conditions or current changes.

Accordingly, in the direct connection mode state (5003), it is determined whether the voltage at both ends of the module is within the set voltage range (5004, 5005).

If it is higher than the set voltage, the optimization algorithm operates in a pumping mode (5007).

If it is lower than the set voltage, the optimizing algorithm operates in bypass mode (5008).

Here, the fact that the module exceeds the set voltage (Vmp) range means that it is located in the Voc direction, which indicates that a surplus of current is occurring in the module, so it is converted into voltage amplification to balance the current in the entire string. .

On the contrary, if the module is below the set voltage (Vmp) range, it is located in the Vsc direction, indicating that the amount of current in the module is insufficient and surplus occurs in other modules, so this is extended to the current bypass path Through this, the current balance is set in the entire string.

In addition, the part with low module voltage and the part with module voltage exceeding the setting range may appear complexly within one string, but even in this case, the two algorithms mentioned above act in combination to balance current and voltage within the entire string. can take For example, a string coupled in series is balanced by current, and a string coupled in parallel is balanced by voltage. will be. Each can procure operating power while feeding back the power of each module.

30 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a blocking filter 410 is applied to secure a PLC communication path.

Since the output terminal of the multi-control converter units 200 and 400 includes a DC component, signal attenuation may occur when a PLC circuit for transmitting data is directly connected. The blocking filter 410 of the present invention acts as a high impedance in the data signal to prevent attenuation of the signal absorbed into the multi-control converter unit 400. The PLC signal transmitted and received by the control unit is conducted to the first capacitor link unit (C43-2 or C43-3), and the optimizing unit PLC signal from other modules is conducted to the second capacitor link unit (C43-1).

The blocking filter 410 may be composed of a parallel resonant circuit or a series resonant circuit combining impedance matching using L or LC. For example, if configured to have high impedance in the PLC frequency band of 10 kHz, the PLC data transmitted at that frequency is transmitted as a string through (C43-1) without being reduced to the DC component of the converter.

According to this principle, each multi-control converter unit enables remote transmission of data on a single power line without the construction of a separate communication line, and by this configuration, automatic operation or remote shutdown control or monitoring in fire detection, etc., while desired individual DC Power can be adjusted by optimizing.

The blocking filter 410 may be connected to an Out+ or Out- terminal, and may be applied to each configuration of FIGS. 22 and 23 not shown. On the other hand, PLC can be configured as a wireless network such as LoRa, Bluetooth, UWB, etc., or applied in mixed or relay relay at the front end of the server.

The jump switching units (S22, S42) disclosed in the present invention may be implemented with a configuration that minimizes current passing loss by replacing them with mechanical contacts using relays. At this time, the mechanical relay can apply the concept of a seesaw switch that connects and disconnects in a staggered manner by connecting TR material FETs in parallel to both ends of the contact in order to prevent aging of the contact. In addition, operating criteria of each optimizer, for example, temperature value, etc., may be shared and controlled as integrated information using PLC communication.

Meanwhile, FIG. 30 includes a configuration for capturing a contact failure of a connector as a wireless signal, which will be described.

Since the connector 421 of the module is mostly installed in the middle of the cable, it may be cumbersome in terms of construction to detect the temperature when a contact failure occurs in the connector.

Since overheating is immediately accompanied by thermal noise, the RF receiver 420 of FIG. 30 of the present invention receives it as RF (wireless) signal noise in this case, and it can be inferred that the connector has a bad contact. When the control unit U42 detects this contact failure, it converts it into a PLC signal and transmits it as a monitoring signal, while the control unit U42 itself weakens the duty cycle or blocks the switch S41 to prevent fire. .

It is effective that the RF receiver 420 mainly receives a radio frequency band. However, it may be sensed using a frequency band higher or lower than that frequency. However, the signal to be sensed at this time is not specific data, but a signal having irregular noise characteristics caused by thermal noise or spark noise. That is, at this time, the optimizer serves as an antenna for receiving a radio noise signal.

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the multi-control converter of the present invention, and is an example of an optimization unit configured to enable boost pumping by configuring the down converter of FIG. 22 to be coupled in series with a module.

The coupling switches S31 and S32, which are different parts from those of FIG. 22, will be described as follows.

When the middle pressure contact (c1) of the first combination switch (S31) is contacted as (a1) and the middle pressure contact (c2) of the second combination switch (S32) is contacted as (a2), the power of the module (M) is multi-controlled. It is converted in the converter unit 200 and its output is connected to the strings (Load+, Load-) via the offset current sensing unit Rs1.

In this state, by controlling the duty ratio of the converting switch (S21) to increase D in the equation (D / 1-D), the module (M) and bypass power are mixedly supplied to the string, and 1-D increases If controlled to be, the bypass path is expanded by that size.

In addition, when the jump switch S22 is turned on while the converting switch S21 is off, the power of the module M is directly connected to the string as it is. The operation up to this point is the same as that of FIG. 22 without switches S31 and S32.

However, if the sensing power of the offset current sensing unit (Rs1) is maximized at the position where the duty ratio (D) of the converting switch (S21) is increased to 100%, in this case, it is inferred that downconversion acts as an impediment in the string. can do. Therefore, the contacts of the series coupling switches S31 and S32 can be switched.

Accordingly, when the central contact point (c1) of the first combination switch (S31) is contacted as (b1) and the center contact point (c2) of the second combination switch (S32) is contacted as (b2), the + side of the module (M) The input voltage (in+) is directly connected to the string (Load+), and the -side voltage of the module (M) is that the output (+) and output (-) of the multi-control converter unit 200 are connected to the module (M-) and the string ( Load-) is connected in series and supplied as a string. That is, as a negative power supply, the output voltage of the module M and the multi-control converter unit 200 is coupled in series and supplied as a power pumping voltage between the strings (Load+, Load-). This voltage is controlled by controlling the duty ratio of the converting switch (S21), and the range of its adjustment is controlled according to the result detected by the offset current sensing unit (Rs1).

In summary, the series-coupled switches S31 and S32 of FIG. 31 correspond to a configuration in which the down converter of FIG. 22 serves as the up-down converter of FIG. 23 at the upper limit ratio of the duty ratio, but is coupled in series with the module to increase the conversion efficiency. . That is, in the case of FIG. 31 , by reducing the converting output voltage range of the multi-control converter 200 using the voltage range of the module M, there is an advantage of improving efficiency while reducing the size and power control capacity of the converter.

32 is a configuration in which the first coupling switch S31 and the second coupling switch S32 of FIG. 31 are replaced with semiconductor switches (since the present invention does not limit the polarity of a MOSFET or the like to a specific direction, the switches in FIG. It is an example of an embodiment of the expression taken into account). 32 shows that the offset current sensing unit is branched into the first offset current sensing unit (Rs1) and the second offset current sensing unit (Rs2), and the above-described in-phase control and anti-phase control are performed by detecting in-phase and anti-phase between each other. It started as a function.

33 is a flow chart explaining this, and the operation is described below.

In FIG. 32, the control unit U22 senses the currents of (RS1) and (Rs2) or each power using them (6001).

If the value from the detection result (Rs1) is greater than the value from (Rs2), the control unit U22 reduces the duty ratio of (S21) (6002, 6003). That is, since the switching time flowing through the bypass diode D22 increases as much as the duty ratio decreases, this function serves as a bypass path opening and expansion control. At this time, the contact point (b1-c1) of the first combination switch (S31) and the point (b2-c2) of the second combination switch (S32) are off, and the contact point (a1-c1) of (S31) and the point (S32) are off. (a2-c2) The contact needs to be turned on. In addition, the duty ratio control of (S21) can achieve substantially the same function as the duty ratio control of (a2-c2) contact time of (S32).

If the value from the sensing result (Rs1) is smaller than the value from (Rs2) and the duty ratio of the converting switch (S21) is between, for example, 1% or more and less than 100%, the immediately preceding (RS1) and (Rs2) In-phase or anti-phase control can be performed while comparing with the value of (6004, 6005, 6006). That is, as much as the duty ratio is adjusted, the power of the module is converted and flows to the string. As the duty ratio increases, the module voltage decreases, and as the duty ratio decreases, the module voltage increases, so the current (power) flowing through (Rs2) has a maximum value. The control unit U22 controls the duty ratio of (S21) as much as possible. This function becomes the power optimizing function. At this time, the (b1-c1) contact of the first coupling switch (S31) and the (b2-c2) contact of the second coupling switch (S32) are off, and the (a1-c1) contact of the first coupling switch (S31) and the second coupling switch (S31) are off. The (a2-c2) contacts of the coupling switch (S32) need to be turned on.

If the value from the detection result (Rs1) is smaller than the value from (Rs2) and the duty ratio of (S21) becomes, for example, 100%, the controller U22 controls (a1-c1) of the first coupling switch S31. ) contact and the (b2-c2) contact of the second combination switch (S32) are turned on (6007, 6008). In other words, it is to determine whether there is a better effect when the idling loss is removed and the module is directly connected to the string. This function is a state in which the module and the string are directly coupled, and for this, the (b1-c1) contact of the first coupling switch (S31) and the (a2-c2) contact of the second coupling switch (S32) need to be in an off state there is.

If, as a result of the direct connection of step (6008), the effect is higher than that immediately before, the controller U22 controls the (b1-c1) contact of the first coupling switch (S31) and (b2) of the second coupling switch (S32). Values just before and after (Rs2) in the state where the contact point (c2) is turned on and the contact points (a1-c1) of the first combination switch (S31) and (a2-c2) contacts of the second combination switch (S32) are turned off It is possible to perform in-phase or anti-phase control to increase or decrease the duty ratio of (S21) while comparing (6009, 6010). This function corresponds to the function of the power pump described above.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention achieves three functions of bypass, direct connection, and power pumping by combining one buck converter in series or parallel. 200) has the effect of minimizing the power consumption of the converter. The serial connection can be connected in a negative polarity as well as in a series connection with a positive polarity (not shown).

In FIGS. 32 and 33, the results of the first offset current detection unit and the second offset current detection unit become the first variable and the second variable when described in the same phase and antiphase.

34 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment for preventing electric shock accidents for firefighters or contractors, and FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of FIG. 34 .

Figure 34,

Solar power plant module (M1);

An optimizer or quick disconnect unit 3000 connected to the module;

A firefighting signal receiver 3300 included in the optimizer and responding to a firefighting signal;

A rapid cut-off switch unit (S31 or S32) for controlling power cut off of the module;

The optimizer tracks the maximum power point voltage of the module and controls the quick-disconnect switch when the output of the fire signal receiver is generated to cut off the power of the module from the load. Technology such as fire safety for solar power facilities has initiated

This configuration is separate from the optimizer described above and can be used as a device that independently blocks the power line system of a photovoltaic power plant.

Here, the function of responding to the firefighting signal may be detected as an audible sound wave as a characteristic sound of a siren of a fire truck or as a code control signal of non-audible sound such as ultrasonic waves.

In this case, the firefighting signal preferably includes a control transmitter for generating a signal having a beam angle in a specific direction as a specific firefighting signal code signal. The control transmitter includes a configuration for transmitting an on-off signal wirelessly.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the fire-fighting signal receiver remotely set signal characteristics such as a frequency to be sensed, and react to a fire-fighting signal generated from a fire engine or remotely controlled by a fire engine or a constructor. That is, the present invention includes a fire signal receiver and a control transmitter configured as a pair thereof.

The main features are described as follows.

In order to ensure the safety of firefighters, it is an effective and reliable alternative for the firefighters to directly cut off power at the site to extinguish the fire.

To this end, the present invention first discloses a remote blocking function as a terminal that can be carried by a fire brigade. That is, a fire signal receiver 3300 that receives (3100, 3200) a blocking signal by controlling and transmitting (3600) a blocking signal toward an optimizer (or a dedicated circuit breaker) with a photovoltaic facility with a function similar to a TV remote control is a controller ( U22) is operated to block the power line coupling switches S31 and S32.

Here, a function similar to that of the remote control may be controlled via ultrasonic, RF, laser, or LED light. This function may be configured using a data terminal using a frequency of the ISM band or a WiFi network 3400.

In FIG. 34, (S31) and (S32) illustrate that they can be integrated into the inside of the optimizer of FIG. 32, but only these parts can be separated and configured as a dedicated circuit breaker function. Block 3000 of FIG. 35 This configuration is exemplified.

On the other hand, a fire engine has its own siren sound. The normal audible frequency is 20 ~ 20000Hz (20KHz), but the siren of a fire truck, for example, modulates in 35Hz steps when going up from 700Hz to 1,500Hz and at 15Hz steps when going down from 1500Hz to 700Hz. 1500Hz, repeats the sound rising and falling again from 1500Hz to 700Hz. In the present invention, it is not limited to these exemplified frequencies and modulations, but in principle, the fire signal receiver 3300 can be configured to operate when the fire engine siren characteristics are sensed and maintained at a set level and for a set time.

Furthermore, if the solar control signal is standardized according to the present invention, the fire signal receiver 300 may have a function of receiving a signal according to the frequency and specific code. Apart from that, it can also be controlled with an audible frequency using Morse code (SOS, FIRE, etc.) in a 5-bit system. In the case of data such as ultrasonic or RF, it can be replaced with a control signal such as ASCII.

FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating a situation in which the firefighting signal receiver 3300 activates the control unit U22 in the block diagram shown in FIG. 34 .

First, the fire signal receiver is maintained in a standby state (7001).

This standby state operates in combination with the control unit U22 when the fire signal receiver 3300 is built into the optimizer 200, and if the optimizer is not an inverter, module or junction box or other device or independent circuit break If it is configured as a device, it operates in a built-in microcomputer (U22) or the like.

When a siren is generated due to the proximity of a fire engine, it is detected whether the strength of the signal reaches a set level (7002). If it is not an audible sound, it will be transmitted as ultrasonic waves or radio waves, and in this case, it will be judged by the reception strength. Here, the reception strength includes the signal from the control transmitter that is remotely controlled.

Next, if the signal strength of the set level is detected, it is checked whether the signal corresponds to simple noise or a preset firefighting signal (7002). Here, the fire signal may include a control code from a control transmitter that controls remotely.

If it is detected as a fire signal, it is additionally checked whether it continues for a set period of time (7004). Inspecting the continuity of such a signal corresponds to a safety device to prevent the siren from reacting to the signal of a fire engine passing on the road. In some cases, this setting period may be shortened or omitted. The control code signal from the control transmitter corresponds to this.

Next, an additional configuration for preventing malfunction may be further adopted in the present invention (7005). For example, differential temperature detection, temperature detection, flame detection, smoke detection, differential smoke detection, humidity detection, air pressure detection, insulation sensor, vibration sensor, water pressure sensor, arc noise (422, 420 in FIG. 30), etc., which are not shown. It may additionally include a sensing configuration of.

Here, the differential temperature detection is a sensor that detects the steepness of the temperature rise per unit time according to the fire, and the temperature detection is a sensor that measures the overheat temperature in absolute value. Flame detection, smoke detection, and differential smoke detection are sensors that detect smoke and obtain significant effects.

Humidity detection, atmospheric pressure detection, water pressure detection, insulation sensor, vibration sensor, etc. are sensors for detecting changes in insulation breakdown, water pressure, vibration, etc. caused by water when water is sprayed with a fire hose. When these sensors and fire signal detection in the previous step are selectively applied and sensed simultaneously, the control unit U22 blocks (eg, S31, S32, etc.) switches (eg, S31, S32, etc.) coupled in series to the power line (7006).

However, when water or equivalent insulation breakdown is detected by the insulation sensor, which is replaced by fire-fighting watering, it is preferable to skip the steps (7002 to 7004) of the previous step and control them to be quickly cut off (7008, 7006). To this end, the insulation sensor 3900-1 protrudes from the outside of the device case 3900-2 with a metallic member having a predetermined interval (for example, a set interval between 0.1 mm and 20 mm) at least one of the top, bottom, left, right, front and rear positions. It can be configured to respond with humidity or resistance of water (see 3900-1 and 2 in FIG. 34). When configured with such an isolated sensor, it is possible to configure an independent rapid cut-off function for fire safety with a function separate from sound or remote control. The configuration at this time may consist of a case of an individual optimizer device or a single quick-disconnect device as a sensor common to the entire string.

These switches cut off the input power of the inverter or the power provided to the string from the output of each module, so it can provide safety from electric shock to firefighters.

In FIG. 35, when the situation ends after a certain period of time, it can be configured to return to the original module power generation state or to be remotely restored (7007). This configuration can be considered as a kind of watchdog function.

On the other hand, when performing independent rapid shutoff (7008, 7006) with these insulation sensors, in order to increase the reliability of the shutoff operation, the vibration state applied to the module at the time of fire spraying is combined with AND conditions to detect, for example, insulation sensor detection above a certain level value and can be configured to infer that it is a fire extinguishing state when it is a detection value of a certain level or more.

In a configuration in which at least two or more insulation, vibration, barometric pressure, differential temperature sensors, etc. are combined, for example, as an insulation indicator of rainwater and firefighting spray, if the value is less than the middle level (eg 1k ohm) based on the resistance value If the value is higher than that, it can be set to be regarded as humidity caused by normal rainwater or fog. Similarly, it can be set to be determined as fire-fighting watering at magnitude 3 (because it is a hypothetical example in the present invention, so it is separate from the earthquake indicator, seismic intensity), and to be regarded as a normal wind level at magnitude less than 3.

In this case, when vibration is detected with an insulation resistance of 1 kohm or less and a magnitude of 3 or more (AND condition satisfied), the rapid cut-off function is actually operated, and when it is detected individually outside the set range time, the actual operation can be suspended. . Of course, if the results of the barometric pressure sensor and the differential temperature sensor are added to this, the reliability increases even more.

The present invention may include an artificial intelligence algorithm that analyzes the detected values of these sensors by deep learning. For example, in BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaic module), the position of the roof or wall and the season, and the coefficient and excitation for each direction By additionally combining the meteorological information of the Meteorological Administration and learning the data of various sensors corresponding to the actual fire watering as big data, the insulation resistance standard, progress standard, and barometric pressure standard setting values, etc. It is a function that can be adjusted appropriately, that is, it can be operated with artificial intelligence.

As a vibration sensor, for example, if a circuit breaker is operated independently when a seismic intensity of 5 or more is detected, the string power is automatically cut off in the event of an earthquake. Therefore, it can be seen that the interlocking function of these sensors can be combined or alone through artificial intelligence, and various functions such as fire safety and earthquake response can be demonstrated.

Furthermore, in the present invention, if any one of the module string structures connected in series or parallel detects such a fire extinguishing state, the detected state is transmitted as monitoring data toward the central control system, or a nearby string module group (corresponding series or It includes a sequential control function that blocks the circuit after notifying the parallel string or the entire module string connected to the central inverter, shares the detection result, and then shuts off itself.

This sequence rapid shut-off function prevents problems in which, for example, when one module is first cut off, the power (string) path supplied to the other module is cut off, and the optimizer of the other module makes the cut-off operation inaccurate or impossible. can To this end, the quick disconnect switch or optimizer of the present invention may include multicasting or broadcasting communication (transmission and / or reception) control means for 'pre-detection and post-sharing'.

On the other hand, such a multicasting or broadcasting method can be controlled to be turned on using the control transmitter 3600 as a reverse idea, as well as the rapid blocking off using the control transmitter 3600 of FIG. 34. This function starts the output of the optimizer Or, it is an action that substitutes for starting the ON operation of the circuit breaker.

In other words, if this function is used, for example, when a fire is recognized, the site manager can quickly control one or more modules even before the fire truck arrives, and furthermore, the output is set to block at the time of shipment from the factory. It can be applied as a function that starts the power output of each module by the constructor who has completed the construction of the string combination circuit breaker or optimizer. This, in turn, has the effect of preventing an accident in which a constructor is electrocuted while working on the roof of a building.

Even if each module has a low voltage of 48V or less, since the input voltage of the central inverter is applied as a high voltage string, an electric shock accident may occur if construction is done at the ends of the strings on both sides. Since it can be turned on after coming down to the ground, such electric shock accidents can be prevented.

Meanwhile, the control transmitter 3600 may be configured as wireless or wired. A receiver receiving a signal from the control transmitter may be an access point in case of wireless reception, or a hub or repeat in case of wired reception. In addition, if the control data is received by the PLC using a string when the reception is completed, it can be more economical than attaching a wireless receiver to each optimizer. The control signal receiver may be integrally configured as a firefighting signal receiver.

The switches S31 and S32 of FIG. 32 of the present invention are a see-source switch in which relays and FETs are mixed in parallel to compensate for voltage drop, that is, in on operation, the FETs connected in parallel are first connected, and then the relay contacts are conducted. , in an off operation, a seesaw switch (not shown) operated in the reverse order in which the relay contacts connected in parallel are first turned off and then the FET is turned off.

36 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which the multi-control converter unit of the present invention is implemented with an N-MOSFET but a chopper is applied to the - line of the converter.

In this configuration, since the gate power of the converting switch unit S21 is procured by dropping the module + power as it is, the drive power supply circuit is simplified. In FIG. 36, the polarity directions of the module, the string, the bypass diode D22, and the flywheel diode D21 are reversed from those of FIG. 22, but the interlocking operation relationship is the same as that of FIG. 22, so duplicate descriptions are omitted.

Similarly, all converters of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 23, 30, 31, 32, and 34 also configure circuits according to the polarities of N-MOSFETs, P-MOSFETs, or other similar IGBTs. It can be done, and the description thereof is also omitted for the same purpose.

In the multi-control converter unit of FIG. 36, the converting switch (S21, etc.) includes a configuration for operating the active bypass (D22, etc.) by controlling the duty ratio, so the filtering capacitor (C22, etc.) can be implemented with a low capacity enough to absorb noise. . This principle is similarly applied to the cases of FIGS. 23, 30, 31, 32, and 34, although explanations are omitted in the drawings.

On the other hand, although the configuration of FIG. 36 is omitted, in the configuration of FIG. 22, only the converting switch can be implemented with a configuration in which the power supply of the N-MOSFET is procured from the module + by moving the - line. In the end, since these configurations are a concept of operating the converting switch using power at both ends of the module without depending on the string power supply, as long as the circuit is arranged and configured with this concept, it is intended to be interpreted as being included in the claims of the present invention. .

The microcontrollers 30-2, U22, and U42 of the present invention interlock with remote monitoring and control networks such as LoRa, LTE, and WiFi, which are not shown, to adjust the highest limit voltage or to monitor the operating state of the power pump or optimizing unit. can be configured. In this case, the monitoring point preferably basically includes an output terminal of the power pump unit or optimizing unit and an output of the offset current sensor, that is, an effective current value. In addition, it detects this and operates in sleep mode when the output voltage of the power pump unit or optimizing unit is generated when the active current is below a certain level, and automatically operates or remotely controls operation and stop by control such as periodically waking up. It is desirable to do

The present invention may include an automatic fire detection control unit (not shown) that senses the temperature or ambient temperature of the module and shuts off the power line connection system itself when the temperature is higher than a certain temperature. In the present invention, the power of (U1) can be procured from the module (M).

14 to 18, the microcomputer of the power pump unit 30, the offset current sensing unit Rst, and the software of the multi-switching control unit 40 may be integrated into the multi-switching control unit 40. In each embodiment of the present invention, the flywheel switching members D2-1, D2-2, and D2-n are removed, and the flywheel diode 30-3 and the MOSFET 30-3 in the power pump unit 30 play a role. 1) can be configured to replace.

In terms of industrial usability, the configuration of the present invention can be implemented as a module array in which a power pump unit or an optimizing unit is integrated, and at least one of a charging control device, a switchboard (distribution panel), a junction box, or an inverter constituting a photovoltaic power generation facility It can be implemented in a structure that is integrated and accommodated in. In particular, the embodiments of the present invention of FIGS. 23 to 26 are preferably combined with a module or configured as an integrated module.

On the other hand, the components of the above-described embodiment can be easily grasped from a process point of view. That is, each component can be identified as each process. In addition, the process of the above-described embodiment can be easily grasped from the viewpoint of components of the device.

In addition, the technical contents described above may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer readable medium.

The computer readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. alone or in combination. Program commands recorded on the medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiments or may be known and usable to those skilled in computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. - includes hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as magneto-optical media, and ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, as well as machine language codes such as those produced by a compiler. A hardware device may be configured to act as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments and vice versa.

The embodiments of the present invention described above have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, and those skilled in the art having ordinary knowledge of the present invention will be able to make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications, changes, and additions will be considered to fall within the scope of the following claims.

Capacitor (13-2-1), diode (13-2-3), inductor (13-2-2)
an array of parallel modules (M1, M2,...Mn);
power pump unit 30;
offset current sensing units (Rs1, Rs2, Rsn, Rst);
Multi-switching control unit 40;
Each switch 40-1, 40-2, 40-n of the multi-switching control unit 40
capacitors (C1, C2, Cn);
directional switching members D3-1, D3-2, D3-n;
fly wheel switching members (D2-1, D2-2, D2-n);
directional members, protective elements (D1-1, D1-2, D1-n);
comparator amplifiers (U1, U2, Un);
charging controller (3);
battery (2);
load stage 4;
coil 30-4;
capacitor 30-5;
MOSFET 30-1;
step-up and step-down converter 60;
flywheel diode 30-3;
power pump units 30-1, 30-2, 30-n;
output voltages of the power pump unit (Eo1, Eo2, Eon);
Mycom (30-2);
ΔV as the first variable (101);
ΔI (102) as a second variable;
Optimizing units (2000, 3000, 4000);
Module string (Load+, Load-)
Multi-control converter unit (200, 400)
Converting switch (S21, S41)
Chopper (Coil L21 and Diode D21)
Converting switching part (S21, S41)
Jump switching part (S22, S42)
Bypass path (D22, D42)
Offset current sensing unit (Rs1, U1)
Control unit (U22, U42)
Voltage deviation (ΔV)
Current deviation or power deviation (ΔI or ΔW)
In-phase control (103, 104)
anti-phase control (105, 106)
Sleep mode (5001)
Wakeup Mode (5002)
Direct mode (5003)
Pumping Mode (5007)
Bypass mode (5008)
Blocking filter (410)
1st capacitor link unit for PLC signal (C43-2 or C43-3)
2nd capacitor link unit for PLC signal (C43-1)
First coupling switch (S31)
Second combination switch (S32)
First offset current sensing unit (Rs1)
Second offset current sensing unit (Rs2)
Current or power sensing step (6001)
Duty ratio reduction step (6002, 6003) of (S21)
In-phase or out-of-phase control steps (6004, 6005, 6006) (6009, 6010)
Direct coupling step of module and string (6007, 6008)
an optimizer or rapid cut-off unit 3000;
fire signal receiver 3300;
Quick cut-off switch unit (S31 or S32);
Rapid blocking signal transmission (3600), reception (3100, 3200)
Standby stage (7001)
Signal strength detection step (7002)
Fire signal inspection step (7002)
Set period inspection step (7004)
Malfunction Prevention Step (7005)
Quick Disconnect (7008)

Claims (20)

Solar cell modules that can be coupled in series or parallel strings;
an optimizing unit tracking the module to a maximum power point and controlling the optimized balance within the series or parallel string;
an offset current sensing unit for sensing a current flowing through the module string;
The optimizing unit controls at least two of power pumping to supply supplemental voltage to the module string, providing a bypass path bypassing the module, or jump switching to directly connect the power of the module to the string. Including; control converter unit;
The maximum power point tracking,
A hybrid module optimization device comprising a configuration for tracking a maximum power point while balancing active power in a string through in-phase and anti-phase control corresponding to a change in current or power detected by the offset current sensor . According to claim 1,
The provision of the bypass path of the optimizing unit is configured by connecting a passive unidirectional current path and the output of the active multi-control converter unit in parallel, and bypassing the current of adjacent modules connected in series at the switching off time of the multi-control converter unit is performed and means configured to supply power generated by the module at a switching on time of the multi-control converter unit. According to claim 1,
The maximum power point tracking of the optimizing unit performs in-phase power pumping to increase the voltage of the module when the voltage of the corresponding module is higher than the set reference voltage, and when the voltage of the corresponding module is lower than the set reference voltage, the current path of the adjacent module A hybrid module optimizing device comprising a configuration for tracking a maximum power point by controlling the multi-control converter unit to provide an in-bypass path. According to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The hybrid module optimizing device of claim 1 , wherein the optimizing unit further includes a configuration for switching and controlling power of the corresponding module to be directly jump-connected to adjacent modules according to a result of the offset current sensing unit. According to claim 1,
The multi-control converter is coupled to a PLC (power line communication) node or server to configure a communication path capable of monitoring at least one of the voltage, current, and power of the relevant and adjacent modules and remotely blocking and controlling the module path. Hybrid module optimizing device characterized in that it further comprises. According to claim 1.
The multi-control converter unit includes means configured as a microcontroller and a control unit in which an optimizing program of the microcomputer is accommodated. According to claim 1,
The hybrid module optimizing device according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-control converter includes a means for configuring a control unit with logic combined with logic circuits. A module array combining at least two or more solar cell modules in parallel;
A power pump unit for tracking and balancing a maximum power point voltage of each module array by supplying an output voltage to one electrode of the module while being powered by power from the module array;
an offset current detection unit that senses the current flowing through the module array and detects an effective current remaining after canceling the current consumed by the power pump unit;
The power pump unit is connected to supply supplemental voltage to the module array to control the voltage of the parallel module array,
The power pump unit,
As a positive feedback function that compares and controls the change in supplementary voltage of the power pump unit and the change in effective current passing through the offset current sensor, the effective power generation voltage of the module array is increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module. A hybrid module optimizing device comprising a balancing configuration. A module array consisting of one or more modules in parallel;
a battery and charge controller storing power from the module array;
A power pump unit controlling the voltage of the module by supplying an output voltage to one electrode of the module while being started by power from the module array or battery;
an offset current sensing unit disposed in a current passing path supplied from the module array to a load terminal and detecting an effective current;
The power pump unit increases or decreases the magnitude of the voltage supplied to one electrode of the module as a positive feedback function for comparing and controlling the output voltage change value of the power pump unit and the effective current change value of the offset current sensor unit, so that the module array is effective. A hybrid module optimizing device comprising a configuration for balancing the power generation voltage. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The positive feedback function of the power pump unit,
When the supplementary voltage change value and the active current change value are in phase, the power pump unit controls the supplementary voltage to increase, and when the output voltage change value and the active current change value are in opposite phase, the power pump unit controls the supplementary voltage. The hybrid module optimizing apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a configuration for simultaneously tracking the balance and the maximum power point for each module array by repeating the feedback control for controlling to decrease. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
While the power pump unit is composed of a single device, a multi-switching control unit that supplies an output voltage by controlling the duty ratio is connected to the output terminal of the power pump unit so that the multi-switching control unit distributes and regulates and supplies supplemental voltage to individual module arrays. Hybrid module optimizing device characterized in that it further comprises. According to claim 11,
The multi-switching control unit further includes a configuration for interlocking a smoothing circuit to filter the differential supply voltage into DC or pulsating current components at the module array side while adjusting and supplying power supplied to circuits of the module array as differential duty ratio control pulses. A hybrid module optimizing device, characterized in that for doing. According to claim 11,
The multi-switching control unit further comprises a configuration for interlocking a smoothing circuit to filter the pulses into DC or pulsating current components at the module array side while adjusting and supplying power supplied to the circuits of the module array as simultaneous duty ratio control pulses. A hybrid module optimizing device. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device, characterized in that the offset current sensor comprises a configuration connected to the individual module array circuits coupled in parallel to sense each individual module array. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device, characterized in that the offset current sensor comprises a configuration integrally connected to the entire module array circuit coupled in parallel. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device of claim 1, wherein the positive feedback function comprises a logic circuit including a combination of at least one of AND, NAND, and EXOR. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device, characterized in that the positive feedback function includes a configuration made through a program of a microcomputer. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device according to claim 1 , wherein the supply of the output voltage of the power pump unit includes a configuration capable of being observed as a digital duty ratio signal. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device, characterized in that the supply of the output voltage of the power pump unit comprises a configuration that can be observed as an analog direct current or pulsating current voltage. According to any one of claims 8 or 9,
The hybrid module optimizing device according to claim 1 , wherein the power pump unit comprises a configuration in which an output voltage is adjusted within a range limiting a maximum value of a voltage output from the module.

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