KR20230048631A - High Strength and Low Quench Sensitivity 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys and Manufacturing Methods - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of making an aluminum alloy product is described. The method includes heating a rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature of 400° C. to 525° C. The rolled aluminum alloy products may include 7xxx series aluminum alloys. The method also includes holding the rolled aluminum alloy product at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes. The method also includes producing a heat-treated aluminum alloy product by quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate of 0.5° C./s to 125° C./s. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8. Strain ratios are determined according to ASTM G129 and/or ASTM G139 standard test methods.

Description

High strength and low quench susceptibility 7XXX series aluminum alloys and manufacturing methods

CROSS REFERENCES OF RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/706,906, filed on September 17, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Field

The present disclosure relates generally to metallurgy and more particularly to aluminum alloy products having improved intergranular and stress corrosion cracking resistance and methods of making aluminum alloy products.

High-strength aluminum alloys are desirable for use in a variety of applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Exemplary high-strength aluminum alloys include the 7xxx series aluminum alloys. During processing of the 7xxx series aluminum alloys, the alloy may be subjected to a heat treatment followed by rapid quenching to lock the solvated alloying elements and provide suitable intergranular and stress corrosion cracking resistance and desirable mechanical properties. If quenching is not performed on a suitable time scale, the resulting product may be susceptible to intergranular and stress corrosion cracking and/or may have unsuitable mechanical properties.

The fast quench speeds required for machining 7xxx series aluminum alloys leave a very small operating window between the hot treatment and quench steps. This small window allows products made from 7xxx series aluminum alloys to be quenched immediately after the hot working step, leaving little or no time for other processing steps such as hot forming or hot product transfer between locations. means Fast quench rates can also be undesirable as they often use specialized equipment and increase processing complexity.

summary

The terms embodiment and like terms are intended to refer broadly to all subject matter of this disclosure and the claims that follow. Statements containing these terms are to be understood as not limiting the subject matter described herein or limiting the meaning or scope of the claims below. Embodiments of the disclosure contained herein are defined by the following claims rather than by this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various aspects of the present disclosure and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, and is not intended to be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to the entire specification, any or all drawings and appropriate portions of each claim of this disclosure.

Rolled aluminum alloy products with quench insensitivity and improved strength values and methods of making aluminum alloy products are described herein. In one aspect, a method of making an aluminum alloy product is described. The method may include heating the rolled aluminum alloy product. The rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt.% Cu, 1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% Mg, 0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% Fe, 7xxx series aluminum with 0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr, up to 0.25 wt.% Mn, up to 0.20 wt.% Cr, up to 0.15 wt.% Ti, and Al May contain alloy products. In some embodiments, the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.20 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Cu, 1.40 wt.% to 2.80 wt.% Mg, 0.10 wt.% to 0.35 wt.% wt.% Fe, 0.05 wt.% to 0.20 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn, 0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr, 0.001 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Ti, and Al. Meanwhile, in another embodiment, the rolled aluminum alloy product contains from 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, from 0.30 wt.% to 2.50 wt.% Cu, from 1.60 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Mg, from 0.10 wt.% to 0.10 wt.% 0.25 wt.% Fe, 0.07 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Si, 0.09 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.02 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn, 0.03 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr, 0.003 wt.% to 0.035 wt.% Ti, and Al. Meanwhile, in yet another embodiment, the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.20 wt.% to 2.10 wt.% Cu, 2.20 wt.% to 2.40 wt.% Mg, 0.18 wt.% to 0.23 wt.% Fe, 0.09 wt.% to 0.12 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.04 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Mn, 0.03 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Cr , 0.01 wt.% to 0.02 wt.% Ti, impurities up to 0.15 wt.%, and Al. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product may further comprise up to 0.20 wt. % of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, Sc, and Ni.

The methods described herein may include heating a rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature between 400°C and 525°C. For example, the first temperature may be 450 °C to 510 °C. In some embodiments, the first temperature can be a solutionization temperature. After heating the rolled aluminum alloy product to the first temperature, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be held at the first temperature or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes. The method may also include quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate between 0.5° C./s and 125° C./s to produce a heat-treated aluminum alloy product. In some embodiments, the quench rate can be from 5 °C/s to 125 °C/s, while in other embodiments, the quench rate can be from 10 °C/s to 125 °C/s. Optionally, the quench rate is 5 °C/s to 10 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 15 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 20 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 25 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 25 °C/s 30 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 55°C/s, 55°C/s to 60°C/s, 60°C/s to 65°C/s, 65°C/s to 70°C/s, 70°C/s to 75°C/s, 75°C/s to 80 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 120 °C/s, or 120 °C/s to 125 °C/s.

In some embodiments, quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product may include a first quench at a first quench rate to an intermediate temperature and a second quench at a second quench rate to a second temperature. The second quench rate may be greater than the first quench rate. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be quenched until the rolled aluminum alloy product reaches a second temperature of 10° C. to 100° C. Optionally, the second temperature may be ambient temperature. In some embodiments, quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product may include a die quench process, a water quench process, and/or a forced air quench process. In one example, the first quench rate may occur or correspond to when the aluminum alloy product is removed from the heating system, but before the product is introduced into the quench system (eg, die quench). The initial temperature drop due to exposure to ambient conditions may be or correspond to the first quench rate. Optionally, the subsequent second quench may correspond to a quench that occurs during an active quench process, such as a die quench process.

Heating and quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product may, in some embodiments, correspond to a solution heat treatment process. Optionally, the method may further include subjecting the rolled aluminum alloy product to a hot forming process after heating the rolled aluminum alloy product. In some cases, the method may also include aging the heat-treated aluminum alloy product, such as in a T6 temper or a T7 temper. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may optionally be further heated to a temperature of 100° C. to 170° C. and held at that temperature for 12 hours to 30 hours. Other aging and tempering processes, practices, and conditions may be utilized, such as those described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 2018/0202031, incorporated herein by reference.

The heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit desirable and/or improved mechanical properties. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product produced by quenching a rolled aluminum alloy product may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.30 to 0.80. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the quench rate may be greater than 125°C. Strain ratios can be obtained from the ASTM G129 standard test method, such as ASTM G129-00 (2013) (Standard Practice for Slow Strain Rate Testing to Evaluate the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials to Environmentally Assisted Cracking, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA), which is incorporated herein by reference. , 2013) or according to ASTM G139 standard test methods such as ASTM G139-05 (2015) (Standard Test Method for Determining Stress-Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloy Products Using Breaking Load Method ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015). In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of 605 MPa to 615 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a total elongation of 10.00% to 15.00%. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 110 nm. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less.

Heat-treated aluminum alloy products can also exhibit good corrosion resistance. Heat-treated aluminum alloy products produced by quenching can exhibit corrosion depths of 5 μm to 300 μm as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 150 μm or 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s. In some cases, the corrosion depth may include at least one of pitting corrosion or intergranular corrosion. In some embodiments, corrosion may include intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is about 50° C./s or less. Optionally, the corrosion may not include intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is about 5° C./s or greater.

Optionally, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exceed those noted above when applied to faster quenching, however, quenching at a rate of about 125° C./s or less is heat-treated It will be appreciated that the aluminum alloy product may allow more flexibility in handling and processing of the high temperature aluminum alloy product immediately after heat-treatment without suffering from poor mechanical properties or corrosion resistance. In this way, by using the aluminum alloy products described herein, the quenching process can be less complicated and more forgiving and can simplify heat-treating, quenching, stamping, or other processes.

In another aspect, products such as heat-treated aluminum alloy products may be described herein. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt.% Cu, 1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% Mg, 0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% 7xxx with Fe, 0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr, up to 0.25 wt.% Mn, up to 0.20 wt.% Cr, up to 0.15 wt.% Ti, and Al series aluminum alloy products. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product can be a shaped aluminum alloy product, a hot formed aluminum alloy product, and/or in a T6 temper or a T7 temper.

The product may be a heat-treated aluminum alloy product with improved mechanical properties. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.30 to 0.80. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The strain ratio may be determined according to ASTM G129 and/or ASTM G139 standard test methods. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product has 500 MPa to 650 MPa, such as 500 MPa to 510 MPa, 510 MPa to 520 MPa, 520 MPa to 530 MPa, 530 MPa to 540 MPa, 540 MPa to 550 MPa, 550 MPa to 560 MPa, 560 MPa to 570 MPa, 570 MPa to 580 MPa, 580 MPa to 590 MPa, 590 MPa to 600 MPa, 600 MPa to 610 MPa, 610 MPa to 620 MPa, 620 MPa to 630 MPa, 630 MPa to 640 MPa, or 640 MPa to 650 MPa. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of 605 MPa to 615 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product has 400 MPa to 600 MPa, such as 400 MPa to 410 MPa, 410 MPa to 420 MPa, 420 MPa to 430 MPa, 430 MPa to 440 MPa, 440 MPa to 450 MPa, 450 MPa to 460 MPa, 460 MPa to 470 MPa, 470 MPa to 480 MPa, 480 MPa to 490 MPa, 490 MPa to 500 MPa, 500 MPa to 510 MPa, 510 MPa to 520 MPa, 520 MPa to 530 MPa, 530 MPa to 540 MPa, 540 MPa to 550 MPa, 550 MPa to 560 MPa, 560 MPa to 570 MPa, 570 MPa to 580 MPa, 580 MPa to 590 MPa, or 590 MPa to 600 MPa. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product is 7.50% to 10.50%, such as 7.50% to 8.00%, 8.00% to 8.50%, 8.50% to 9.00%, 9.00% to 9.50%, 9.50% to 10.00%, Alternatively, a uniform elongation of 10.00% to 10.50% may be exhibited. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product is 10.00% to 15.00%, such as 10.00% to 10.50%, 10.50% to 11.00%, 11.00% to 11.50%, 11.50% to 12.00%, 12.00% to 12.50%, 12.50% to 13.00%, 13.00% to 13.50%, 13.50% to 14.00%, 14.00% to 14.50%, or 14.50% to 15.00% total elongation. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product is 10 nm to 110 nm, such as 10 nm to 11 nm, 11 nm to 12 nm, 12 nm to 13 nm, 13 nm to 14 nm, 14 nm to 15 nm, 15 nm to 20 nm, 20 nm to 25 nm, 25 nm to 30 nm, 30 nm to 35 nm, 35 nm to 40 nm, 40 nm to 45 nm, 45 nm to 50 nm, 50 nm to 55 nm, 55 nm to 60 nm, 60 nm to 65 nm, 65 nm to 70 nm, 70 nm to 75 nm, 75 nm to 80 nm, 80 nm to 85 nm, 85 nm to 90 nm, 90 nm to 95 nm, 95 nm to 100 nm, 100 nm to 105 nm, or 105 nm to 110 nm. For example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less.

The product may include a heat-treated aluminum alloy product having good corrosion resistance. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may have a range from 5 μm to 300 μm, such as 5 μm to 10 μm, 10 μm to 15 μm, 15 μm to 20 μm, 20 μm to 25 μm, as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method. μm, 25 μm to 30 μm, 30 μm to 35 μm, 35 μm to 40 μm, 40 μm to 45 μm, 45 μm to 50 μm, 50 μm to 60 μm, 60 μm to 70 μm, 70 μm to 80 μm, 80 μm to 90 μm, 90 μm to 100 μm, 100 μm to 110 μm, 110 μm to 120 μm, 120 μm to 130 μm, 130 μm to 140 μm, 140 μm to 150 μm, 150 μm to 160 μm, 160 μm to 170 μm, 170 μm to 180 μm, 180 μm to 190 μm, 190 μm to 200 μm, 200 μm to 210 μm, 210 μm to 220 μm, 220 μm to 230 μm, 230 μm to 240 μm, 240 μm to 250 μm, 250 μm to 260 μm, 260 μm to 270 μm, 270 μm to 280 μm, 280 μm to 290 μm, or 290 μm to 300 μm. In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may exhibit a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 150 μm or 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is 125° C./s or less.

In some embodiments, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be produced by heating a rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature. The rolled aluminum alloy products may include 7xxx series aluminum alloys. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated to a temperature of 400°C to 525°C. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for 15 seconds to 30 minutes, such as 15 seconds to 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 1 minute, 1 minute to 5 minutes, 5 minutes to 10 minutes, 10 minutes. minutes to 15 minutes, 15 minutes to 20 minutes, 20 minutes to 25 minutes, or 25 minutes to 30 minutes. The rolled aluminum alloy product may also have a temperature of 0.5 °C/s to 125 °C/s, such as 0.5 °C/s to 1 °C/s, 1 °C/s to 5 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 10 °C/s, 10 °C /s to 25 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 100 °C/s, or 100 °C/s to 125 °C/s quench It can be quenched at speed. Optionally, the product may be produced by any of the methods described herein.

Automotive and aerospace products are also described herein. In some embodiments, an automotive product may include a product as described herein. For example, an automotive product may include a heat-treated aluminum alloy product as described above. In another embodiment, an aerospace product may include a product as described herein. For example, an aerospace product may include a heat-treated aluminum alloy product as described above. Optionally, the automotive product may include a product produced according to any of the methods described herein. For example, an automotive product may include a heat-treated aluminum alloy product produced by any of the methods described above. Similarly, aerospace products may include products produced according to any of the methods described herein. For example, the aerospace product may include a heat-treated aluminum alloy product produced by any of the methods described above.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting examples.

This specification makes reference to the accompanying figures, wherein the use of like reference numbers in different figures is intended to illustrate the same or similar elements.
1A provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 550° C./s.
1B provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 350° C./s.
1C provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 250° C./s.
1D provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 5° C./s.
2A provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 550° C./s according to an embodiment.
2B provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 350° C./s according to an embodiment.
2C provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 250° C./s according to an embodiment.
2D provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 5° C./s according to an embodiment.
3A provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 550° C./s according to another embodiment.
3B provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 350° C./s according to another embodiment.
3C provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 250° C./s according to another embodiment.
3D provides a cross-sectional view of the corrosion profile of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product quenched at a rate of 5° C./s according to another embodiment.
4 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of corrosion depth at different quench rates of quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products versus heat-treated aluminum alloy products made according to some embodiments.
5 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of yield strength at different quench rates of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product versus a heat-treated aluminum alloy product made according to some embodiments.
6 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of ultimate tensile strength at different quench rates of quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products versus heat-treated aluminum alloy products made according to some embodiments.
7 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of total elongation at different quench rates of quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products versus heat-treated aluminum alloy products made according to some embodiments.
8 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of the strain ratio at different quench rates of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product versus a heat-treated aluminum alloy product made according to some embodiments.
9 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of deposit-free band widths at different quench rates of quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products versus heat-treated aluminum alloy products made according to some embodiments.
10A provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone formed when a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product was quenched at a rate of 550° C./s.
10B provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone formed when a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product was quenched at a rate of 150° C./s.
10C provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone formed when the quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product was quenched at a rate of 5° C./s.
11A provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product formed when a rolled aluminum alloy product made according to an embodiment disclosed herein is quenched at a rate of 550° C./s.
11B provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product formed when a rolled aluminum alloy product made according to an embodiment disclosed herein is quenched at a rate of 150° C./s.
11C provides an electron micrograph image showing a precipitate-free zone of a heat-treated aluminum alloy product formed when a rolled aluminum alloy product made according to an embodiment disclosed herein is quenched at a rate of 5° C./s.
12 provides an overview of a method of making an aluminum alloy product according to some embodiments.
13 provides an example graph showing the temperature profile as a function of time for the production of an aluminum alloy product according to some embodiments.

details

Aluminum alloy products processed in a manner that achieves improved quench sensitivity and methods of making the aluminum alloy products are described herein. Quench sensitivity usually refers to the effect of quenching on the properties of a metal product, such as mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of a metal product from a first temperature, such as the heat treatment temperature, to a lower temperature, such as room temperature. For example, during processing, the aluminum alloy product may undergo a heat treatment, wherein the aluminum alloy product is heated to a first high temperature, such as 450° C. to 600° C. Aluminum alloy products may be subjected to heat treatments such as those described in US Patent Application Serial No. 15/336,982, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. One purpose of quenching is to preserve the metastable solid solution formed by the heat treatment. When the product is cooled at a sufficient rate from a first temperature to a second temperature, often near or near room temperature, a solid solution can be achieved in which the solute remains in the alloy solution. Solute retention can be desirable because precipitation of solutes from solution during quenching can lead to localized overaging, loss of grain-boundary corrosion resistance and, importantly, poor response to the aging hardening process. Retention of the solute in solid solution may allow the solute atoms to become available to form zones of homogeneous precipitation which are important in the strengthening of metal products during the aging hardening process. Another goal of quenching may be to maintain a desired number of vacant lattice sites to help promote low-temperature diffusion during the aging stage of precipitation hardening.

Some metal products, such as aluminum alloy products, can be particularly sensitive to solute loss. Especially during the aging hardening process, solute loss can affect the resulting properties of the aluminum alloy product. Solute loss refers to the chemical bonding of solutes with other elements, making them unavailable for precipitation hardening. If the quench rate is not fast enough, solute atoms tend to diffuse into grain boundaries as well as pores migrating into disordered regions. This migration of solute atoms is often irreversible and can permanently affect the properties of the metal product. For example, some metal products that are not quenched at a sufficient rate exhibit high rates of critical corrosion and stress crack corrosion and may have reduced yield strength, tensile strength, and grain elongation. Thus, the most desirable mechanical properties achievable can generally be associated with high quench rates.

However, achieving a high quench rate can be an expensive, complex, or time-sensitive process that minimizes the opportunity for additional processing between the heat treatment step and the quench step. In addition, high quench rates can undesirably affect the properties of the metal product. A high quench rate can also in some cases lead to the generation of distortions and residual stresses within the microstructure of the product. Aluminum alloy products may tend to distort during quenching, for example, due to aluminum's high coefficient of linear expansion. Aluminum's coefficient of linear expansion is twice that of steel, so a significant amount of strain can occur due to thermal expansion or contraction during large temperature fluctuations. Thus, a balance between the quench rate that minimizes residual stress and distortion and sufficiently retains most hardening elements and compounds in solution may be desirable to produce an aluminum alloy product with optimal properties.

One approach to balancing the quench effect involves a multi-stage aging process. Often these multi-stage aging processes include at least one rapid quenching stage. For example, an initial quench from the first temperature may be rapid for solid solution retention. However, multi-step aging processes can be complex, expensive, and time consuming. Thus, as described herein, methods and metal products are provided for achieving desirable properties using only a single step aging process, despite the use of smaller quench rates. Additionally, the disclosed methods and metal products can exhibit quench insensitivity, which provides improved mechanical properties, such as improved strength values, even at low quench rates.

In particular, the disclosed methods and techniques can provide quench-insensitive 7xxx series aluminum alloys and products that are subjected to only single-step aging processes. The quench-insensitive 7xxx series aluminum alloys described herein can have improved intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance without rapid quenching. Exemplary 7xxx series aluminum alloys for use in the disclosed methods and techniques are described in US Patent Application Serial No. 15/336,982, incorporated herein by reference.

definition and explanation

As used herein, the terms "invention" and "the invention, this invention and the present invention" are intended to refer broadly to all subject matter of this patent application and the following claims. Statements containing these terms are to be understood as not limiting the subject matter described herein or limiting the meaning or scope of the following claims.

In this description, reference is made to alloys identified by AA numbers and other related designations, such as "series" or "7xxx". For an understanding of the numbering system most commonly used to name and identify aluminum and its alloys, see the following documents, both published by The Aluminum Association: "International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys" or "Registration Record of Aluminum Association Alloy Designations and Chemical Compositions Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot".

As used herein, a plate generally has a thickness greater than about 15 mm. For example, the plate may be greater than about 15 mm, greater than about 20 mm, greater than about 25 mm, greater than about 30 mm, greater than about 35 mm, greater than about 40 mm, greater than about 45 mm, greater than about 50 mm, or about 100 mm It may refer to an aluminum product having a thickness greater than .

As used herein, a shate (also referred to as a sheet plate) generally has a thickness of about 4 mm to about 15 mm. For example, the thickness may be about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm, about 10 mm, about 11 mm, about 12 mm, about 13 mm, about 14 mm, or about 15 mm thick.

As used herein, sheet generally refers to an aluminum product having a thickness of less than about 4 mm. For example, the sheet can have a thickness of less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, less than about 2 mm, less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, or less than about 0.3 mm (eg, about 0.2 mm).

Alloy tempers or conditions may be referenced in this application. For an understanding of the most commonly used alloy temper descriptions, see "American National Standards (ANSI) H35 on Alloy and Temper Designation Systems". The F condition or temper refers to aluminum alloys in the as-fabricated condition. O condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy after annealing. The Hxx condition or temper (also referred to herein as the H temper) refers to a non-heat treatable aluminum alloy after cold rolling with or without heat treatment (eg, annealing). Suitable H tempers include the HX1, HX2, HX3, HX4, HX5, HX6, HX7, HX8, or HX9 tempers. The T1 condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy that has been cooled from hot work and naturally aged (eg, at room temperature). The T2 condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy that has been cooled from hot work, cold worked and naturally aged. T3 condition or temper refers to aluminum alloy solution that has been heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged. T4 condition or temper refers to a heat treated and naturally aged aluminum alloy solution. The T5 condition or temper refers to aluminum alloys that have been artificially aged (at elevated temperatures) and cooled from hot working. The T6 condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy solution that has been heat treated and artificially aged. The T7 condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy solution that has been heat treated and artificially overaged. T8x condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy solution that has been heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged. The T9 condition or temper refers to an aluminum alloy solution that has been heat treated, artificially aged and cold worked. W condition or temper refers to aluminum alloys after solution heat treatment.

As used herein, "room temperature" means from about 15°C to about 30°C, such as about 15°C, about 16°C, about 17°C, about 18°C, about 19°C, about 20°C, about 21°C °C, about 22 °C, about 23 °C, about 24 °C, about 25 °C, about 26 °C, about 27 °C, about 28 °C, about 29 °C, or about 30 °C. As used herein, the meaning of “ambient conditions” or “surrounding environment” includes a temperature of about room temperature, a relative humidity of about 20% to about 100%, and a pressure of about 975 millibars (mbar) to about 1050 mbar. can do. For example, the relative humidity is about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30% , about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55% , about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80% , about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, or any value in between. For example, the atmospheric pressure is about 975 mbar, about 980 mbar, about 985 mbar, about 990 mbar, about 995 mbar, about 1000 mbar, about 1005 mbar, about 1010 mbar, about 1015 mbar, about 1020 mbar, about 1025 mbar, about 1030 mbar, about 1035 mbar, about 1040 mbar, about 1045 mbar, about 1050 mbar, or any value in between.

All ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; That is, every subrange starts with a minimum value of 1 or greater, eg 1 to 6.1, and ends with a maximum value 10 or less, eg 5.5 to 10. Unless otherwise indicated, the expression “up to” when referring to a constituent amount of an element means that the element is arbitrary and includes 0 percent composition of that particular element. Unless otherwise stated, all compositional percentages are in weight percent (wt.%).

As used herein, the meanings of "a", "an" and "the" include singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In this description, an aluminum alloy product and its components may be described by their elemental composition in weight percent (wt.%). In each alloy, the balance is aluminum, with a maximum wt.% of 0.15% for the sum of all impurities.

Minor elements such as grain refiners and oxygen scavengers, or other additives, may be present in the present invention and may add other characteristics of their own without departing from or significantly altering the characteristics of the alloys described herein or of the alloys described herein. there is.

Aluminum alloy products and methods of making aluminum alloy products

1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D provide cross-sectional views of corrosion profiles for quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products quenched at various quench rates. The quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product may be a product made according to conventional methods and techniques. Corrosion profiles are obtained by subjecting an aluminum alloy product to a heat treatment process followed by quenching at an indicated rate, and then subjecting the quenched aluminum alloy product to a standard corrosion test for determination or evaluation of corrosion resistance, such as incorporated herein by reference. Created by applying the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G139 (Standard Test Method for Determining Stress-Corrosion Cracking Resistance) or ASTM G110 (Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution) It can be. Corrosion profiles can be obtained by segmenting the tested product and obtaining cross-sectional micrograph images.

For example, FIGS. 1A-1D show the corrosion profile for a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product identified as aluminum alloy product 110 . In an embodiment, the aluminum alloy product 110 may be an AA7075 aluminum alloy product. Other exemplary quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products 110 may include AA7022, AA7185, AA6056, AA7020, AA7049, AA7249, or AA7149. Although the discussion herein with respect to FIGS. 1A-1D, 2A-2D, and 3A-3D describes aluminum alloy products, the figures and related discussion are generally applicable to other types of metal products.

In an embodiment, quench sensitivity can be determined based on the quench rate and the type of corrosion exhibited by the aluminum alloy product when tested for corrosion. During corrosion testing of quenched products, various types of corrosion may appear. For example, pitting corrosion may occur where cavities or holes are formed in aluminum alloys indicating material loss. In other instances, intergranular corrosion may be present. Intergranular corrosion, also known as intercrystalline or interdendritic corrosion, can be characterized as a form of localized corrosion in which grain boundaries and the material immediately adjacent to the grains are attacked. In some cases, quench sensitivity may be determined based on the type of corrosion and/or the transition of one type of corrosion to another. For example, quench sensitivity may correspond to a change in corrosion morphology, such as a shift from pitting corrosion to intergranular corrosion, when the product is subjected to various quench rates. In some cases, the more slowly an aluminum alloy product can be quenched without exhibiting intergranular corrosion in a corrosion test, the more quench-insensitive the aluminum alloy product can be. Intergranular corrosion may be more undesirable than pitting corrosion due to its ability to propagate cracks more readily under stress conditions.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A , pitting corrosion 120 may appear in a corrosion test when a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product is quenched at a rapid quench rate of 550° C./s. Pitting corrosion 120 can be identified by localized pockets of material loss from the aluminum alloy product 110 . In an embodiment, the aluminum alloy product 110 may be quenched using a water quench to achieve a rapid quench rate of 550° C./s. Water is commonly used for quenching aluminum alloy products. Common methods of water quenching may include cold water immersion, hot water immersion, boiling water, or water spray. Other quench methods that are also frequently used include polyalkylene glycol solutions, air blast, still air (i.e., to hold aluminum alloy products at room temperature), liquid nitrogen, fast quench oil, or brine solutions. Depending on the aluminum alloy product, the properties desired, and the quench rate required, various quenching methods can be selected.

1B shows that pitting corrosion 120 may also appear when the aluminum alloy product 110 is quenched at a rate of 350° C./s and subjected to a corrosion test. The corrosion morphology varies between FIGS. 1B and 1C. As shown in the corrosion profile of FIG. 1C , intergranular corrosion 130 may appear when an aluminum alloy product 110 is quenched at a rate of 250° C./s or less and subjected to a corrosion test. Intergranular corrosion 130 can be identified by the formation of localized fractures along the grain boundaries of the aluminum alloy product 110 . In corrosion profiles such as those presented in FIGS. 1A-1D, intergranular corrosion 130 results in slightly more delicate fractures within the bulk of the aluminum alloy product 110 compared to the large fractures or pockets of material loss exhibited by pitting corrosion 120. can be identified by Intergranular corrosion 130 may also appear when the aluminum alloy product 110 is quenched at a rate of 5° C./s and subjected to a corrosion test. The change in corrosion morphology from pitting corrosion (120) to intergranular corrosion (130) between quench rates of 350 °C/s and 250 °C/s indicates that the aluminum alloy product 110 is quench sensitive or resistant to intergranular corrosion. It may indicate that a high quench rate is required to achieve this. Additionally, this quench susceptibility of the aluminum alloy product 110 may indicate that the aluminum alloy product 110 may have less desirable properties, such as reduced stress corrosion cracking resistance or reduced strength values.

2A-2D provide corrosion profiles for heat-treated aluminum alloy products according to the methods and techniques disclosed herein. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product provided herein may be a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product. 2A-2D , the heat-treated aluminum alloy product is identified as aluminum alloy product 210 . The aluminum alloy product 210 may be or include a 7xxx series aluminum alloy as described herein. These alloys can exhibit unexpectedly high strength values after quenching, such as high tensile and yield strengths that can be maintained when subjected to corrosion testing, and improved quench insensitivity. The properties of the aluminum alloy products disclosed herein can be achieved due to their composition and how they are made and processed. Advantageously, the final properties of these aluminum alloy products can be achieved through a single step aging treatment. Additionally, the aluminum alloy products can be relatively quench insensitive, meaning that they can be quenched at slower quench rates without causing undesirable changes in properties, resulting in additional processing time between the heat treatment process and the quench process. , reduced quench cost, and/or reduced distortion are possible. Aluminum alloys as described herein may optionally have an elemental composition as provided in Table 1.

Table 1.

In some examples, the aluminum alloy may have an elemental composition as provided in Table 2.

Table 2.

In some examples, the aluminum alloy may have an elemental composition as provided in Table 3.

Table 3.

In some examples, the aluminum alloy may have an elemental composition as provided in Table 4.

table 4

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain zinc (Zn) in an amount of 4.00% to 15.00% (e.g., 5.40% to 9.50%, 5.60% to 9.30%, 5.80% to 9.20%, or 4.00%), based on the total weight of the alloy. % to 5.00%). For example, the alloy is 4.00%, 4.10%, 4.20%, 4.30%, 4.40%, 4.50%, 4.60%, 4.70%, 4.80%, 4.90%, 5.00%, 5.10%, 5.20%, 5.30%, 5.40% , 5.50%, 5.60%, 5.70%, 5.80%, 5.90%, 6.00%, 6.10%, 6.20%, 6.30%, 6.40%, 6.50%, 6.60%, 6.70%, 6.80%, 6.90%, 7.00%, 7.10 %, 7.20%, 7.30%, 7.40%, 7.50%, 7.60%, 7.70%, 7.80%, 7.90%, 8.00%, 8.10%, 8.20%, 8.30%, 8.40%, 8.50%, 8.60%, 8.70%, 8.80%, 8.90%, 9.00%, 9.10%, 9.20%, 9.30%, 9.40%, 9.50%, 9.60%, 9.70%, 9.80%, 9.90%, 10.00%, 10.10%, 10.20%, 10.30%, 10.40% , 10.50%, 10.60%, 10.70%, 10.80%, 10.90%, 11.00%, 11.10%, 11.20%, 11.30%, 11.40%, 11.50%, 11.60%, 11.70%, 11.80%, 11.20.1%, 12.0% %, 12.20%, 12.30%, 12.40%, 12.50%, 12.60%, 12.70%, 12.80%, 12.90%, 13.00%, 13.10%, 13.20%, 13.30%, 13.40%, 13.50%, 13.60%, 13.70% 13.80%, 13.90%, 14.00%, 14.10%, 14.20%, 14.30%, 14.40%, 14.50%, 14.60%, 14.70%, 14.80%, 14.90%, or 15.00% Zn. Optionally, the alloy is 4.00% to 4.10%, 4.10% to 4.20%, 4.20% to 4.30%, 4.30% to 4.40%, 4.40% to 4.50%, 4.50% to 4.60%, 4.60% to 4.70%, 4.70% to 4.80% %, 4.80% to 4.90%, 4.90% to 5.00%, 5.00% to 5.10%, 5.10% to 5.20%, 5.20% to 5.30%, 5.30% to 5.40%, 5.40% to 5.50%, 5.50% to 5.60%, 5.60% to 5.70%, 5.70% to 5.80%, 5.80% to 5.90%, 5.90% to 6.00%, 6.00% to 6.10%, 6.10% to 6.20%, 6.20% to 6.30%, 6.30% to 6.40%, 6.40% to 6.50%, 6.50% to 6.60%, 6.60% to 6.70%, 6.70% to 6.80%, 6.80% to 6.90%, 6.90% to 7.00%, 7.00% to 7.10%, 7.10% to 7.20%, 7.20% to 7.30 %, 7.30% to 7.40%, 7.40% to 7.50%, 7.50% to 7.60%, 7.60% to 7.70%, 7.70% to 7.80%, 7.80% to 7.90%, 7.90% to 8.00%, 8.00% to 8.10%, 8.10% to 8.20%, 8.20% to 8.30%, 8.30% to 8.40%, 8.40% to 8.50%, 8.50% to 8.60%, 8.60% to 8.70%, 8.70% to 8.80%, 8.80% to 8.90%, 8.90% to 9.00%; %, 9.80% to 9.90%, 9.90% to 10.00%, 10.00% to 10.10%, 10.10% to 10.20%, 10.20% to 10.30%, 10.30% to 10.40%, 10.40% to 10.50%, 10.50% to 10.60%, 10.60% to 10.70%, 10.70% to 10.80%, 10.80% to 10.90%, 10.90% to 11.00%, 11.00% to 11.10%, 11.10% to 11.20%, 11.20% to 11.30%, 11.30% to 11.1.40%, 11.40% to 11.50%, 11.50% to 11.60%, 11.60% to 11.70%, 11.70% to 11.80%, 11.80% to 11.90%, 11.90% to 12.00%, 12.00% to 12.10%, 12.10% to 12.20%, 0 to 12.20% %, 12.30% to 12.40%, 12.40% to 12.50%, 12.50% to 12.60%, 12.60% to 12.70%, 12.70% to 12.80%, 12.80% to 12.90%, 12.90% to 13.00%, 13.00% to 13.10%, 13.10% to 13.20%, 13.20% to 13.30%, 13.30% to 13.40%, 13.40% to 13.50%, 13.50% to 13.60%, 13.60% to 13.70%, 13.70% to 13.80%, 13.80% to 13.90%, 13.90% to 14.00%, 14.00% to 14.10%, 14.10% to 14.20%, 14.20% to 14.30%, 14.30% to 14.40%, 14.40% to 14.50%, 14.50% to 14.60%, 14.60% to 14.70%, 0 to 14.70% %, 14.80% to 14.90%, or 14.90% to 15.00% Zn. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the disclosed alloys contain copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.10% to 3.5% (eg, 0.20% to 2.6%, 0.30% to 2.5%, or 0.15% to 0.60%), based on the total weight of the alloy. can include For example, the alloy may contain 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24% , 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.50%, 0.55%, 0.60%, 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%, 0.80%, 0.85 %, 0.90%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, or 3.5% Cu. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18% %, 0.18% to 0.19%, 0.19% to 0.20%, 0.20% to 0.21%, 0.21% to 0.22%, 0.22% to 0.23%, 0.23% to 0.24%, 0.24% to 0.25%, 0.25% to 0.26%, 0.26% to 0.27%, 0.27% to 0.28%, 0.28% to 0.29%, 0.29% to 0.30%, 0.30% to 0.35%, 0.35% to 0.40%, 0.40% to 0.45%, 0.45% to 0.50%, 0.50% to 0.55%, 0.55% to 0.60%, 0.60% to 0.65%, 0.65% to 0.70%, 0.70% to 0.75%, 0.75% to 0.80%, 0.80% to 0.85%, 0.85% to 0.90%, 0.90% to 0.95% %, 0.95% to 1.0%, 1.0% to 1.1%, 1.1% to 1.2%, 1.2% to 1.3%, 1.3% to 1.4%, 1.4% to 1.5%, 1.5% to 1.6%, 1.6% to 1.7%, 1.7% to 1.8%, 1.8% to 1.9%, 1.9% to 2.0%, 2.0% to 2.1%, 2.1% to 2.2%, 2.2% to 2.3%, 2.3% to 2.4%, 2.4% to 2.5%, 2.5% to 2.6%, 2.6% to 2.7%, 2.7% to 2.8%, 2.8% to 2.9%, 2.9% to 3.0%, 3.0% to 3.1%, 3.1% to 3.2%, 3.2% to 3.3%, 3.3% to 3.4% %, or 3.4% to 3.5% Cu. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein can include magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 1.00% to 4.00% (eg, 1.00% to 3.00%, 1.40% to 2.80%, or 1.60% to 2.60%). In some cases, the alloy is 1.00%, 1.10%, 1.20%, 1.30%, 1.40%, 1.50%, 1.60%, 1.70%, 1.80%, 1.90%, 2.00%, 2.10%, 2.20%, 2.30%, 2.40% , 2.50%, 2.60%, 2.70%, 2.80%, 2.90%, 3.00%, 3.10%, 3.20%, 3.30%, 3.40%, 3.50%, 3.60%, 3.70%, 3.80%, 3.90%, or 4.00% Mg can include Optionally, the alloy is from 1.00% to 1.10%, 1.10% to 1.20%, 1.20% to 1.30%, 1.30% to 1.40%, 1.40% to 1.50%, 1.50% to 1.60%, 1.60% to 1.70%, 1.80% to 1.80% %, 1.80% to 1.90%, 1.90% to 2.00%, 2.00% to 2.10%, 2.10% to 2.20%, 2.20% to 2.30%, 2.30% to 2.40%, 2.40% to 2.50%, 2.50% to 2.60%, 2.60% to 2.70%, 2.70% to 2.80%, 2.80% to 2.90%, 2.90% to 3.00%, 3.00% to 3.10%, 3.10% to 3.20%, 3.20% to 3.30%, 3.30% to 3.40%, 3.40% to 3.50%, 3.50% to 3.60%, 3.60% to 3.70%, 3.70% to 3.80%, 3.80% to 3.90%, or 3.90% to 4.00% Mg. All are expressed in wt.%.

Optionally, the combined content of Zn, Cu, and Mg can range from 5.00% to 14.00% (eg, 5.50% to 13.50%, 6.00% to 13.00%, 6.50% to 12.50%, or 7.00% to 12.00%). . For example, the combined content of Zn, Cu, and Mg is 5.00%, 5.50%, 6.00%, 6.50%, 7.00%, 7.50%, 8.00%, 8.50%, 9.00%, 9.50%, 10.00%, 10.50%, 11.00%, 11.50%, 12.00%, 12.50%, 13.00%, 13.50%, or 14.00%. Optionally, the combined content of Zn, Cu, and Mg is 5.00% to 5.50%, 5.50% to 6.00%, 6.00% to 6.50%, 6.50% to 7.00%, 7.00% to 7.50%, 7.50% to 8.00%, 8.00% to 8.50%, 8.50% to 9.00%, 9.00% to 9.50%, 9.50% to 10.00%, 10.00% to 10.50%, 10.50% to 11.00%, 11.00% to 11.50%, 11.50% to 12.00%, 12.00% to 12.00% %, 12.50% to 13.00%, 13.00% to 13.50%, or 13.50% to 14.00%. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein can include iron (Fe) in an amount of 0.05% to 0.50% (e.g., 0.10% to 0.35% or 0.10% to 0.25%), based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may contain 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% , 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36% %, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, or 0.50% Fe. . Optionally, the alloy is from 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09%, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13% %, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, 0.19% to 0.20%, 0.20% to 0.21%, 0.21% to 0.22%, 0.22% to 0.23%, 0.23% to 0.24%, 0.24% to 0.25%, 0.25% to 0.26%, 0.26% to 0.27%, 0.27% to 0.28%, 0.28% to 0.29%, 0.29% to 0.30%, 0.30% to 0.31%, 0.31% to 0.32%, 0.32% to 0.33%, 0.33% to 0.34%, 0.34% to 0.35%, 0.35% to 0.36%, 0.36% to 0.37%, 0.37% to 0.38% %, 0.38% to 0.39%, 0.39% to 0.40%, 0.40% to 0.41%, 0.41% to 0.42%, 0.42% to 0.43%, 0.44% to 0.44%, 0.44% to 0.45%, 0.45% to 0.46%, 0.46% to 0.47%, 0.47% to 0.48%, 0.48% to 0.49%, or 0.49% to 0.50% Fe. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein can include silicon (Si) in an amount of 0.05% to 0.30% (e.g., 0.05% to 0.25% or 0.07% to 0.15%), based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may contain 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% , 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, or 0.30% Si. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09%, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13% %, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, 0.19% to 0.20%, 0.20% to 0.21%, 0.21% to 0.22%, 0.22% to 0.23%, 0.23% to 0.24%, 0.24% to 0.25%, 0.25% to 0.26%, 0.26% to 0.27%, 0.27% to 0.28%, 0.28% to 0.29%, or 0.29 % to 0.30% Si. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain zirconium (Zr) in an amount of 0.01% to 0.25% (e.g., 0.01% to 0.20%, 0.05% to 0.25%, 0.025% to 0.20%, 0.025%), based on the total weight of the alloy. to 0.15%, 0.05% to 0.20% or 0.09% to 0.15%). For example, an alloy may contain 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15% , 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, or 0.25% Zr. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, 0.19% to 0.20%, 0.20% to 0.21%, 0.21% to 0.22%, 0.22% to 0.23%, 0.23% to 0.24%, or 0.24% to 0.25% Zr can include All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include manganese (Mn) in an amount of up to 0.25% (eg, 0.01% to 0.10% or 0.02% to 0.05%), based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, an alloy may contain 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15% , 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, or 0.25% Mn. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, 0.19% to 0.20%, 0.20% to 0.21%, 0.21% to 0.22%, 0.22% to 0.23%, 0.23% to 0.24%, or 0.24% to 0.25% Mn can include In some cases, Mn may not be present in the alloy (ie, 0.0%). All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain chromium (Cr) in an amount of up to 0.20% (eg, 0.01% to 0.10%, 0.01% to 0.05%, or 0.03% to 0.05%), based on the total weight of the alloy. can include For example, an alloy may contain 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15% , 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, or 0.20% Cr. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, or 0.19% to 0.20% Cr. In some cases, Cr may not be present in the alloy (ie, 0.0%). All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain titanium (Ti) in an amount of up to 0.15% (eg, 0.001% to 0.10%, 0.001% to 0.05%, or 0.003% to 0.035%), based on the total weight of the alloy. can include For example, an alloy may contain 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.010%, 0.011% 0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021% 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%,0.03%, 3, 0.031% 0.031% %, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041% 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%, 0.048%, 0.045%, 0.049% %, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, or 0.15% with Ti can do. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, or 0.14% to 0.15% Ti. In some cases, Ti may not be present in the alloy (ie, 0.0%). All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may contain one or more rare earth elements (i.e., Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu one or more of) up to 0.20% (e.g., 0.01% to 0.20%, 0.01% to 0.15%, 0.01% to 0.10%, 0.01% to 0.05%, or 0.03% to 0.05%) by total weight of the alloy. can be included in the amount of For example, an alloy may contain 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15% , 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, or 0.20% of rare earth elements. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, or 0.19% to 0.20% of rare earth elements. All are expressed in wt.%.

In some examples, the alloys described herein contain up to 0.20%, based on the total weight of the alloy, of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, and Ni : 0.01% to 0.20% or 0.05% to 0.15%). For example, the alloy may contain 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% , or 0.20% of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, and Ni. Optionally, the alloy is from 0.01% to 0.02%, 0.02% to 0.03%, 0.03% to 0.04%, 0.04% to 0.05%, 0.05% to 0.06%, 0.06% to 0.07%, 0.07% to 0.08%, 0.08% to 0.09% %, 0.09% to 0.10%, 0.10% to 0.11%, 0.11% to 0.12%, 0.12% to 0.13%, 0.13% to 0.14%, 0.14% to 0.15%, 0.15% to 0.16%, 0.16% to 0.17%, 0.17% to 0.18%, 0.18% to 0.19%, or 0.19% to 0.20% of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, and Ni. there is. All are expressed in wt.%.

Optionally, the alloy compositions described herein may further include other minor elements, sometimes referred to as impurities, for example in amounts of 0.05% or less, 0.04% or less, 0.03% or less, 0.02% or less, or 0.01% or less. there is. These impurities may include, but are not limited to, Ga, Ca, Bi, Na, Pb, or combinations thereof. Thus, Ga, Ca, Bi, Na, or Pb may be present in the alloy in an amount of less than 0.05%, less than 0.04%, less than 0.03%, less than 0.02%, or less than 0.01%. The sum of all impurities may not exceed 0.15% (eg 0.10%). All are expressed in wt.%. The balance percentage or balance of any alloy may be aluminum.

The aluminum alloy product 210 of FIGS. 2A-2D may include a novel aluminum alloy as provided herein. The composition and method of the aluminum alloy product 210 may provide quench insensitivity and improved strength values compared to the aluminum alloy product 110 shown in FIGS. 1A-1D. 2A-2D may represent one aspect of the quench insensitivity of the aluminum alloy product 210. Similar to FIGS. 1A-1D , the aluminum alloy product 210 can be quenched at various quench rates and subjected to corrosion testing, and the corrosion profile provided for each of the different quench rates can show quench sensitivity. Starting from FIG. 2A , the aluminum alloy product 210 corresponds to a quench at a rate of 550° C./s. In an embodiment, a quench rate of 550° C./s may be achieved through water quenching. When quenched at a rapid quench rate of 550° C./s and subjected to a corrosion test, the aluminum alloy product 210 may exhibit pitting corrosion 220 identified by cavities of material loss. Similarly, in FIGS. 2B and 2C , pitting corrosion 220 may also be seen when the aluminum alloy product 210 is subjected to a quench rate and corrosion test of 350° C./s and a quench rate and corrosion test of 250° C./s. . In embodiments, a change in corrosion morphology from pitting corrosion (220) to intergranular corrosion (230) may be seen at slower quench rates. For example, as provided in FIG. 2D , intergranular corrosion 230 may appear when an aluminum alloy product 210 is quenched at 5° C./s and subjected to a corrosion test. In some cases, the aluminum alloy product 210 may exhibit intergranular corrosion 230 when tested for corrosion when the quench rate is 50° C./s or less. However, in other cases, the quench rate is about 5 °C/s or greater, such as 5 °C/s to 25 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 75 °C/s. °C/s to 100 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 200 When the temperature ranges from °C/s to 225 °C/s, or from 225 °C/s to 250 °C/s, little or no intergranular corrosion 230 may be exhibited by the aluminum alloy product 210 in the corrosion test. Slow quench rates, such as less than 200° C./s, less than 100° C./s, less than 50° C./s, or less than 25° C./s, may be achieved by air quenching. Air quenching may include air blowing of the aluminum alloy product 210 or holding the aluminum alloy product 210 at room temperature. Additional details on quenching are described below.

3A-3D also provide corrosion profiles for heat-treated aluminum alloy products according to the present disclosure at various quench rates. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product and is identified as aluminum alloy product 310 in FIGS. 3A-3D. Aluminum alloy product 310 may include a novel aluminum alloy as described herein. As such, the aluminum alloy product 310 may exhibit improved quench insensitivity and corresponding improved strength values, particularly when compared to the aluminum alloy product 110 shown in FIGS. 1A-1D . Aluminum alloy 310 may be quenched according to the quenching methods described herein. Similar to previously described diagrams, aluminum alloy 310 can be quenched at a rapid quench rate of 550° C./s. As shown in FIG. 3A , an aluminum alloy product 310 may exhibit pitting corrosion 320 when quenched at this rapid quench rate and subjected to a corrosion test. Pitting corrosion 320 may also appear at lower quench rates. As shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C , the aluminum alloy product 310 may exhibit pitting corrosion 320 in corrosion testing when quenched at quench rates of 350° C./s and 250° C./s. As illustrated in FIG. 3D, the corrosion morphology may change to intergranular corrosion (130) when the quench rate is slowed to less than 250 °C/s, such as 5 °C/s. Thus, Figures 2a-2d and 3a-3d may show one aspect of quench insensitivity exhibited by the novel aluminum alloys provided herein, specifically the quench test exhibited until the quench rate is lower than 250 °C/s. It shows that the corrosion morphology does not change to intergranular corrosion (130).

1A-3D can show the type of corrosion that forms when a quenched aluminum alloy product is subjected to a corrosion test, and FIG. 4 quantifies the extent to which each type of corrosion is present in the product when tested. 4 provides an exemplary graph showing a comparison of the corrosion depth of a corrosion region at different quench rates of a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product versus a heat-treated aluminum alloy product made according to the present disclosure. Figure 4 provides three separate graphs placed side by side for easy comparison of different aluminum alloy products. 4 includes graphs 405, 410, and 415 each providing data for different aluminum alloy products that are quenched at different rates. Each of the aluminum alloy products shown in FIG. 4 may have undergone the same processing and then subjected to corrosion testing according to standards ASTM G110, ASTM G129, and/or ASTM G139. These standards provide aluminum corrosion tests that provide a repeatable measure of the corrosion susceptibility of a particular material. According to the ASTM G110 standard, each of the aluminum alloy products used in Figure 4 may be immersed in a sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide solution. Each of the aluminum alloy products may be soaked for 24 hours and/or 48 hours. Data corresponding to each aluminum alloy product was collected and used to create graphs 405, 410, and 415.

In graph 405, the depth of corrosion at various quench rates is provided for quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products. Graph 405 may correspond to aluminum alloy product 110 and represents an AA7075 aluminum alloy product. As previously discussed with respect to FIGS. 1A-1D , the aluminum alloy product 110 is quench-sensitive and can exhibit a change in corrosion morphology from pitting to intergranular corrosion at higher quench rates. Graph 405 shows similar results, showing that pitting corrosion 420 occurs at rapid quench rates, such as 550 °C/s and 350 °C/s. However, when the quench rate is reduced to 250° C./s, the corrosion morphology may change to intergranular corrosion (430). As highlighted by the box in graph 405 labeled “IGC region,” the aluminum alloy product 110 may exhibit intergranular corrosion 430 when quenched at any rate below 250° C./s. In some cases, intergranular corrosion is between about 5 °C/s and about 250 °C/s or between about 5 °C/s and about 350 °C/s, such as between 5 °C/s and 250 °C/s, 5 °C/s and 260 °C/s. s, 5 °C/s to 270 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 280 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 290 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 310 °C/s processing using a quench rate of s, 5 °C/s to 320 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 330 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 340 °C/s, or 5 °C/s to 345 °C/s corrosion can be observed in AA7075 aluminum alloy products.

Graph 405 also shows corrosion depth. Corrosion depth can refer to the extent to which corrosion appears from the surface of an aluminum alloy product into the bulk of the aluminum alloy. In other words, corrosion depth can refer to the depth into the bulk of an aluminum alloy product where corrosion can exist during a corrosion test. Graph 405 may include or represent data from multiple locations on a multiple quench test or corrosion tested sample for each quench rate. As such, the blocks may correspond to the average corrosion depth observed, and the standard deviation or error bar may represent the full range of corrosion depths observed during the test.

As illustrated in graph 405, as the quench rate decreases, the depth of corrosion may increase. Restriction of corrosion may be desirable and therefore also lower corrosion depths may be desirable. As illustrated in graph 405, for example, at a quench rate of 550° C./s, corrosion 420 may extend into the aluminum alloy product to an average depth of about 50 μm, which would correspond to pitting corrosion. can When the quench rate is slowed to 350° C./s, corrosion 420 may extend even further into the aluminum alloy product to an average depth of about 75 μm, which may also correspond to pitting corrosion. When the corrosion morphology changes to intergranular corrosion, the corrosion depth can continue to increase. Although the corrosion depth of corrosion 430 may decrease slightly when the aluminum alloy product is quenched at a rate of 150° C./s, this point contains a large error bar where the maximum corrosion depth is quite large. The average corrosion depth of corrosion 430 for quench rates from 5° C./s to 250° C./s may still be greater than the corrosion depth at rapid quench rates such as 550° C./s. Even at a slow quench rate of 5 °C/s, corrosion can extend to a corrosion depth of about 85 μm.

Graphs 410 and 415 show the corrosion depths observed for additional aluminum alloy products according to the present disclosure. The aluminum alloy products for which data are presented in graphs 410 and 415 may be heat-treated aluminum alloy products. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product, such as aluminum alloy products 210 and 310. The observed heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be an aluminum alloy product made according to the methods and compositions described herein. For example, this aluminum alloy product can be made from an aluminum alloy having the following elemental composition as provided in Table 5.

Table 5.

As illustrated in graph 410, when aluminum alloy product 4A is quenched and subjected to a corrosion test, corrosion 420 can be observed for most quench rates. Pitting corrosion can occur even at slow quench rates, eg below 50 °C/s. From the data obtained, aluminum alloy product 4A exhibits intergranular corrosion (430) (IGC) when the quench rate is slowed to 5° C./s. In addition, the corrosion exhibited by aluminum alloy product 4A, the data of which is presented in graph 410, generally exhibits an overall reduced corrosion depth when compared to the quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product of graph 405, regardless of the type of corrosion. have Even at the slowest quench rate of 5° C./s, a lower corrosion depth is observed. Although corrosion depth may increase slightly as the quench rate decreases, the rate of increase of corrosion depth relative to the quench rate may be minimal. For example, the corrosion depth of corrosion 420 shown in graph 410 at a quench rate of 550° C./s may be about 40 μm, and at a quench rate of 5° C./s the corrosion depth is only about 50 μm. slightly larger Overall, the corrosion depth shown in graph 410 is relatively constant when compared to the quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product of graph 405. Additionally, as indicated by the standard deviation bar, the corrosion depth can be relatively constant across multiple runs of the same test. The absence of variation between different test runs of the same test (i.e., multiple quenchings at the same quench rate) indicates that changes in operating conditions can have a minimal effect on corrosion susceptibility, thereby making the aluminum alloy product insensitive to quenching. can show more.

Graph 415 can show similar quench insensitivity to another aluminum alloy product 4B as described herein. Similar to aluminum alloy product 4A, for which data is presented in graph 410, the corrosion morphology for the aluminum alloy product shown by graph 415 may not change from pitting corrosion to intergranular corrosion up to quench rates of 5° C./s or less. there is. Unexpectedly, corrosion depth can decrease in some cases as the quench rate decreases. This result is unexpected when compared to the corrosion depth versus quench rate trends in graphs 405 and 410, which show corrosion depth increasing with decreasing quench rate. In graph 415, rates of 50° C./s to 250° C./s may indicate that pitting corrosion is major corrosion 420 extending to a corrosion depth of about 25 μm or less. As illustrated by graphs 410 and 415, when a quench rate of 5° C./s to 550° C./s is used, the corrosion depth in the corrosion test ranges from 0 μm to 300 μm, 5 μm to 300 μm, 0 μm to 300 μm, and 0 μm to 300 μm. 200 μm, 5 μm to 100 μm, or 10 μm to 80 μm. For example, when the quench rate is 125° C./s, the corrosion depth may be 5 μm to 150 μm or 25 μm to 50 μm.

As previously discussed, quench sensitivity can affect the properties of aluminum alloy products, specifically strength values. Exemplary strength characteristics may include yield strength, tensile strength, grain elongation, and strain ratio. 5-8 provide exemplary graphs depicting comparative data between a heat-treated aluminum alloy product and a quench-sensitive aluminum alloy product prepared according to the methods and techniques provided herein. Quench-sensitive aluminum alloy products are represented by the data labeled "C" (black squares) in the graphs of Figures 5-8. In some embodiments, aluminum alloy product C may include a 7xxx series aluminum alloy product made according to conventional methods and techniques. For example, aluminum alloy product C may correspond to AA7075 aluminum alloy product (similar to aluminum alloy product 110). Data labeled “5A” (red circles) and “5B” (blue triangles) in the graphs of FIGS. 5 to 8 represent heat-treated aluminum alloy products that are quench-insensitive aluminum alloy products. Aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can be prepared from aluminum alloys having the following elemental compositions as provided in Table 6.

Table 6.

Each of aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C may be subjected to the same mechanical testing procedure after preparation. To prepare aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C, the aluminum alloy product may be solutionized at a first temperature of 480°C. The aluminum alloy product is held or maintained at the first temperature for 5 minutes and then quenched in a water bath maintained at temperatures of 25 ° C, 55 ° C, 65 ° C, 75 ° C, 85 ° C, respectively 550 ° C / s, 350 ° C / s, Quench rates of 250 °C/s, 150 °C/s, and 50 °C/s can be achieved. To achieve a quench rate of 5° C./s, the aluminum alloy product may be air quenched. After quenching, the aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a one-step aging process. An exemplary aging process may include a T6 or T7 temper or precipitation hardening. For the graphs of FIGS. 5-8 , the aluminum alloy product may be subjected to an aging process that may reheat the product to a temperature of 125° C. for 25 hours. After subjecting to this aging process, the aluminum alloy product may be subjected to mechanical testing, corrosion testing according to ASTM G110, stress corrosion evaluation according to ASTM G129, and/or stress corrosion evaluation according to ASTM G139. 5-9, 10a-10c, and 11a-11c below provide data collected from testing of aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C prepared and performed according to the processes discussed above.

5 provides a graph 500 showing a comparison of yield strength exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C. Yield strength, also known as yield stress, is a material property that defines the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Plastic deformation is the permanent distortion of a product under stress such as stretching, compression, buckling, bending, or warping. Yield strength can be an important component when characterizing the strength of an aluminum alloy product.

As shown on graph 500, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B prepared from the quench insensitive 7xxx series aluminum alloy compositions provided above and prepared according to the techniques provided herein exhibit superior yield strength when compared to aluminum alloy product C. can indicate For example, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B may exhibit yield strengths of 400 MPa to 600 MPa. Specifically, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B may exhibit yield strengths of 500 MPa to 650 MPa at quench rates of 50 °C/s to 550 °C/s. For example, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit yield strengths of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is 125° C./s. In some embodiments, the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product has a yield strength of about 550 MPa to about 600 MPa at a quench rate of 50 °C/s to 550 °C/s or a yield strength of about 525 MPa at a quench rate of 350 °C/s to 550 °C/s. It may exhibit a yield strength of MPa to about 600 MPa. For example, at a quench rate of 550° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit yield strengths of about 572 MPa and about 579 MPa, respectively. In comparison, aluminum alloy product C can exhibit a yield strength of about 532 MPa at a quench rate of 550 °C/s. At quench rates of 350 °C/s and 50 °C/s, aluminum alloy product 5A can exhibit yield strengths of about 572 MPa and 553 MPa, respectively, and aluminum alloy product 5B can exhibit yield strengths of about 575 MPa and 569 MPa, respectively. can indicate In comparison, aluminum alloy product C can exhibit yield strengths of about 524 and 509 at quench rates of 350 °C/s and 50 °C/s, respectively.

The improved yield strength of aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can be even more evident at lower quench rates, such as quench rates of 5° C./s. At a quench rate of 5°C/s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B have yield strengths of about 439 MPa and 489 MPa, which can be nearly 100 MPa higher than the yield strength of aluminum alloy product C at a quench rate of 5°C/s. indicate At 5° C./s, aluminum alloy product C exhibits a yield strength of about 347 MPa. Advantageously, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B exhibit yield strength drops of less than 25% when the quench rate is slowed from 550 °C/s to 5 °C/s. In comparison, aluminum alloy product C exhibits a drop of more than 25%, such as 35%, when the quench rate is slowed from 550 °C/s to 5 °C/s.

6 provides a graph 600 showing a comparison of ultimate tensile strength exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) may correspond to a material's ability to withstand an elongational load. Unlike stress testing, where forces applied to a material tend to reduce its size, tensile strength stress tests the ability of a material to withstand elongation. Ultimate tensile strength can be measured by the maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failure.

Similar to yield strength, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit superior ultimate tensile strength at various quench rates when compared to aluminum alloy product C. As shown on graph 600, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B have ultimate tensile strengths (also referred to herein as tensile strength) of 500 MPa to 650 MPa at quench rates of 5 °C/s to 550 °C/s. indicate For example, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit ultimate tensile strengths of 605 MPa to 615 MPa at a quench rate of 125° C./s. In some embodiments, the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product may exhibit a tensile strength of 585 MPa to 625 MPa at a quench rate of 50 °C/s to 550 °C/s. For example, at a quench rate of 550° C./s, aluminum alloy products A and B exhibit tensile strengths of about 614 MPa and about 618 MPa, respectively. In comparison, aluminum alloy product C exhibits a tensile strength of about 584 MPa at a quench rate of 550° C./s. At quench rates of 350 °C/s and 50 °C/s, aluminum alloy product 5A exhibits tensile strengths of about 614 MPa and about 593 MPa, respectively, and aluminum alloy product 5B exhibits tensile strengths of about 618 MPa and about 605 MPa, respectively. indicate In comparison, aluminum alloy product C exhibits tensile strengths of about 578 MPa and about 566 MPa at quench rates of 350 °C/s and 50 °C/s, respectively.

Even at quench rates as slow as 5° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B exhibit higher tensile strength than aluminum alloy product C. For example, at a quench rate of 5° C./s, the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product may exhibit a tensile strength of about 475 MPa to about 550 MPa. As illustrated in FIG. 6 , the tensile strengths at 5° C./s for aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B are about 507 MPa and about 544 MPa, respectively. In comparison, aluminum alloy product C exhibits a tensile strength of about 458 MPa when quenched at a rate of 5° C./s.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , the total elongation (TE) of aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C when subjected to stress can be illustrated. Total elongation, expressed as a percentage change over a fixed gauge, may correspond to the percentage by which a material can be elongated before failure. In some embodiments, total elongation can be a rough indicator of the formability of an aluminum alloy product.

As illustrated by graph 700, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit total elongation from 10.00% to 15.00% for quench rates from 5°C/s to 550°C/s. For example, at a rapid quench rate such as 550° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B exhibit total elongation of about 14.70% and about 14.31%, respectively. When the quench rate is slowed to 350 °C/s, 50 °C/s, and 5 °C/s, aluminum alloy product 5A exhibits total elongation of about 15.10%, about 13.29%, and about 10.46%, respectively. Similarly, aluminum alloy product 5B exhibits total elongation of 14.48%, 13.65%, and 10.15% when the quench rate is slowed to 350°C/s, 50°C/s, and 5°C/s, respectively. When the quench rate is 125° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20%. In some cases, the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product may exhibit a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%. For example, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% at a quench rate of 125° C./s.

As illustrated in FIG. 7 , aluminum alloy product C can exhibit a total elongation of 14.09% to 15.25% for 5° C./s to 550° C./s. For example, aluminum alloy product C may exhibit a total elongation greater than 15.00% at a quench rate of 550° C./s. When the quench rate is slowed to 350 °C/s, 50 °C/s, and 5 °C/s, aluminum alloy product C can exhibit total elongation of about 14.60%, about 14.31%, and about 14.09%, respectively. Uniform elongation may correspond to the rate of elongation of the material at maximum load until necking occurs. In some cases, uniform elongation can indicate the ductility or formability of a material at uniaxial strain.

8 provides a graph 800 showing a comparison of strain ratios exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C. Strain ratio can be a useful measure of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. For example, the lower the strain ratio, the greater the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility may be for aluminum alloy products. As illustrated by graph 800, the strain ratio exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can be consistently higher than the strain ratio exhibited by aluminum alloy product C. Even at slow quench rates such as 5° C./s where intergranular corrosion can be observed, the strain ratio exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can be higher than the strain ratio exhibited by aluminum alloy product C.

In an embodiment, the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.3 to 1.0 for a quench rate of 5 °C/s to 550 °C/s. In other embodiments, the strain ratio may be 0.5 to 1.0 when the quench insensitive aluminum alloy product is quenched at a rate of 250 °C/s to 500 °C/s. When the quench rate is 125° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit strain ratios of 0.375 to 0.425. For example, when aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B are quenched at a rapid rate of 550° C./s, the strain ratio may be between 0.5 and 1.0. As illustrated by graph 800, for all quench rates tested, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit strain ratios greater than 0.3. In comparison, the strain ratio exhibited by aluminum alloy product C can be less than 0.3 across all quench rates tested. This may indicate that aluminum alloy product C is more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking than aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B.

9 provides a graph 900 showing a comparison of the precipitate-free zones exhibited by aluminum alloy products 5A, 5B, and C. During the aging process, precipitation may appear as solutes and other hardening compounds precipitate out of the aluminum alloy solution. Zones or pockets in which no or little precipitation appears may be referred to as sediment-free zones. Precipitate-free zones can appear because precipitates, such as solutes, nucleate heterogeneously over the pores. Grain boundaries can be void sinks so that regions adjacent to the boundaries may not be able to nucleate precipitates even though the alloy solution may be supersaturated with solutes. Sediment-free zones can be undesirable because they can act as areas of weakness. For example, deposit-free zones may be more susceptible to corrosive attack than other locations within an aluminum alloy. Accordingly, a reduction in the amount and width of the deposit-free zone may be desirable to improve the strength and corrosion susceptibility of the aluminum alloy product.

As illustrated by graph 900, the width of the precipitate-free zone formed during the aging process may increase as the quench rate decreases. Aluminum alloy product C can exhibit a larger deposit-free zone during quenching when compared to aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B. For example, at a rapid quench rate such as 550° C./s, aluminum alloy product C may exhibit a precipitate-free zone with an average width of about 45 nm. In comparison, at a quench rate of 550° C./s, aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B can exhibit precipitate-free zones with average widths of about 35 nm and 32 nm, respectively. Even at a slow quench rate, aluminum alloy product C can exhibit a greater precipitate-free zone than aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B. For example, at 5° C./s, aluminum alloy product C may exhibit a precipitate-free zone with an average width of about 200 nm, while aluminum alloy products 5A and 5B have average widths of about 90 nm and 150 nm, respectively. It can represent a precipitate-free zone with

10A-10C and 11A-11C show images corresponding to aluminum alloy products 5A and C illustrated in graph 900 of FIG. 9 . For example, the images provided in FIGS. 10A , 10B, and 10C may be obtained using a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) method, which may correspond to one or more data points on graph 900, a sediment-free band ( 1010) is shown. That is, the width and measurements of sediment-free zone 1010 provided in FIGS. 10A-11C may be used in graph 900.

10a-10c correspond to aluminum alloy product C. FIG. 10A shows a precipitate-free zone 1010 that appears after aluminum alloy product C is quenched at a rate of 550° C./s. 10B and 10C show the deposit-free zone 1010 that appears after aluminum alloy product C is quenched at rates of 150° C./s and 5° C./s. As shown, the precipitate-free zone 1010 may increase in size (eg, width) as the quench rate slows. 11A, 11B, and 11C may provide similar images obtained using STEM methods, which show a precipitate-free zone 1010 exhibited by aluminum alloy product 5A. FIG. 11A shows a precipitate-free zone 1010 that appears after aluminum alloy product 5A is quenched at 550° C./s. Similarly, FIGS. 11B and 11C show the precipitate-free zone 1110 that appears after aluminum alloy product 5A is quenched at 150° C./s and 5° C./s, respectively. As the quench rate is slowed, the precipitate-free zone 1110 of aluminum alloy product 5A can be larger, and the width of the sediment-free zone is greater than that of the precipitate-free zone 1010 exhibited by aluminum alloy product C quenched at the same rate. can be smaller This is also illustrated by data provided in graph 900 of FIG. 9 . For example, as illustrated in graph 900, when aluminum alloy product 5A is quenched between 0.5° C./s and 125° C./s, the precipitate-free band width may therefore range from 10 nm to 110 nm. Specifically, when the aluminum alloy product 5A is quenched at 125° C./s, the aluminum alloy product 5A can thus exhibit a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm.

It should be noted that the improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties discussed above are provided in terms of discrete quench rates, but this is not intended to be limiting. Similar properties can be obtained for various quench rates. The improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties described in connection with Figures 1-9 can be seen for the aluminum alloy products provided herein when the quench rate is from about 0 °C/s to about 550 °C/s. For example, the quench rate may range from 5 °C/s to 550 °C/s, from 10 °C/s to 550 °C/s, from 15 °C/s to 550 °C/s, from 20 °C/s to 550 °C. /s, 25 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 100 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 125 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 150 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 175 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 200 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 225 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 250 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 275 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 300 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 325 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 350 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 355 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 375 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 380 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 400 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 405 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 410 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 415 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 420 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 425 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 430 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 435 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 440 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 445 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 450 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 455 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 460 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 465 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 470 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 475 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 480 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 485 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 490 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 495 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 500 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 505 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 510 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 515 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 520 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 525 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 530 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 535 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 540 °C/s to 550 °C/s, 545 °C/s to 550 °C /s, 5 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 30 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 55 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 80 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 105 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 130 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 155 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 180 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 205 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 230 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 255 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 280 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 305 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 330 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 350 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 355 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 375 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 380 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 400 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 405 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 410 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 415 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 420 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 425 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 430 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 435 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 440 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 445 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 450 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 455 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 460 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 465 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 470 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 475 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 480 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 485 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 490 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 495 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 500 °C/s to 525 °C /s, 505 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 510 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 515 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 520 °C/s to 525 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 110 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 135 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 160 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 185 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 210 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 235 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 260 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 285 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 310 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 335 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 350 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 355 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 360 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 375 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 380 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 385 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 400 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 405 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 410 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 415 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 420 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 425 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 430 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 435 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 440 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 445 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 450 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 455 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 460 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 465 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 470 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 475 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 480 °C/s to 500 °C /s, 485 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 490 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 495 °C/s to 500 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 115 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 140 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 165 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 190 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 215 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 240 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 265 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 290 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 315 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 340 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 350 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 355 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 365 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 375 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 380 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 390 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 400 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 405 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 410 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 415 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 420 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 425 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 430 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 435 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 440 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 445 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 450 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 455 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 460 °C/s to 475 °C /s, 465 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 470 °C/s to 475 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 20 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 45 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 70 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 95 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 120 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 145 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 170 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 195 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 220 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 245 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 270 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 295 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 320 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 345 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 350 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 355 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 370 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 375 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 380 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 395 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 400 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 405 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 410 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 415 °C/s to 450 °C /s, 420 °C/s to 450 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 100 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 125 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 150 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 175 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 200 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 225 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 250 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 275 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 300 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 325 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 350 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 355 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 375 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 380 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 400 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 405 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 410 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 415 °C/s to 425 °C/s, 420 °C/s to 425 °C /s, 5 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 30 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 55 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 80 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 105 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 130 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 155 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 180 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 205 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 230 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 255 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 280 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 305 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 330 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 340 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 350 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 355 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 360 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 375 °C/s to 400 °C /s, 380 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 385 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 390 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 395 °C/s to 400 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 110 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 135 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 160 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 185 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 210 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 235 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 260 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 285 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 310 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 375 °C /s, 335°C/s to 375°C/s, 340°C/s to 375°C/s, 345°C/s to 375°C/s, 350°C/s to 375°C/s, 355°C/s to 375°C /s, 360 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 365 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 370 °C/s to 375 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 115 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 140 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 165 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 190 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 215 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 240 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 265 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 290 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 315 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 320 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 325 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 330 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 335 °C/s to 350 °C /s, 340 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 345 °C/s to 350 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 20 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 45 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 70 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 95 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 120 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 145 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 170 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 195 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 220 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 245 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 270 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 275 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 295 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 300 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 305 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 310 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 315 °C/s to 325 °C /s, 320 °C/s to 325 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 100 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 125 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 150 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 175 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 200 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 225 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 250 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 255 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 275 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 280 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 285 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 290 °C/s to 300 °C/s, 295 °C/s to 300 °C /s, 5 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 30 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 55 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 80 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 105 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 130 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 155 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 180 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 205 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 230 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 235 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 250 °C/s to 275 °C /s, 255 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 260 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 265 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 270 °C/s to 275 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 110 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 135 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 160 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 185 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 210 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 215 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 225 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 230 °C/s to 250 °C /s, 235 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 240 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 245 °C/s to 250 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 115 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 140 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 165 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 190 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 195 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 200 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 205 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 210 °C/s to 225 °C /s, 215 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 220 °C/s to 225 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 20 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 45 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 70 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 95 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 120 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 130 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 145 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 150 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 170 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 175 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 180 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 185 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 190 °C/s to 200 °C /s, 195 °C/s to 200 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 100 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 125°C/s to 175°C/s, 130°C/s to 175°C/s, 135°C/s to 175°C/s, 140°C/s to 175°C/s, 145°C/s to 175°C /s, 150 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 155 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 160 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 165 °C/s to 175 °C/s, 170 °C/s to 175 °C /s, 5 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 150 °C /s, 30 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 150 °C /s, 55 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 150 °C /s, 80 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 150 °C /s, 105 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 125 °C/s to 150 °C /s, 130 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 135 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 140 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 145 °C/s to 150 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 125 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 125 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 125 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 125 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 125 °C /s, 110 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 115 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 120 °C/s to 125 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 120 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 120 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 120 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 120 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 120 °C /s, 115 °C/s to 120 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 115 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 115 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 115 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 115 °C /s, 100 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 110 °C/s to 115 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 110 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 110 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 110 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 110 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 105 °C/s to 110 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 100 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 100 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 100 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 100 °C /s, 85 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 90 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 100 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 105 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 95 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 100 °C/s to 105 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 95 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 95 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 95 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 95 °C /s, 90 °C/s to 95 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 90 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 90 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 90 °C /s, 75 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 85 °C/s to 90 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 85 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 85 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 85 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 80 °C/s to 85 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 80 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 80 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 80 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 75 °C/s to 80 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 75 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 75 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 75 °C /s, 60 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 65 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 70 °C/s to 75 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 70 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 70 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 70 °C /s, 65 °C/s to 70 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 65 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 65 °C /s, 50 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 60 °C/s to 65 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 60 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 60 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 55 °C/s to 60 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 55 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 55 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 50 °C/s to 55 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 50 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 50 °C /s, 35 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 40 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 45 °C/s to 50 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 45 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 45 °C /s, 40 °C/s to 45 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 40 °C /s, 25 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 35 °C/s to 40 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 35 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 30 °C/s to 35 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 30 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 30 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 30 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 30 °C/s, 25 °C/s to 30 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 25 °C /s, 10 °C/s to 25 °C/s, 15 °C/s to 25 °C/s, 20 °C/s to 25 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 20 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 20 °C /s, 15 °C/s to 20 °C/s, 5 °C/s to 15 °C/s, 10 °C/s to 15 °C/s, or 5 °C/s to 10 °C/s.

12 provides an overview of a method 1200 of making a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product. At block 1205, the aluminum alloy product is subjected to one or more rolling or forming processes. The one or more rolling or forming processes may include a hot rolling process in block 1207, a cold rolling process in block 1209, or both. Optionally, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be cold rolled to final gauge thickness. The final gauge thickness may be between 0.2 mm and 10.0 mm (eg 2.0 mm). For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product can be cold rolled to the following final gauge thicknesses: 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm , 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.1 mm, 5.2 mm, 5.3 mm, 5.4 mm, 5.5 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.9 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.1 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.3 mm, 6.4 mm, 6.5 mm, 6.6 mm, 6.7 mm, 6.8 mm, 6.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.1 mm, 7.2 mm, 7.3 mm, 7.4 mm, 7.5 mm, 7.6 mm, 7.7 mm , 7.8 mm, 7.9 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.1 mm, 8.2 mm, 8.3 mm, 8.4 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.6 mm, 8.7 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.9 mm, 9.0 mm, 9.1 mm, 9.2 mm, 9.3 mm, 9.4 mm, 9.5 mm, 9.6 mm, 9.7 mm, 9.8 mm, 9.9 mm, or 10.0 mm. Cold rolling may be performed to provide a heat-treated aluminum alloy product having a final gauge thickness exhibiting an overall gauge reduction of 20%, 50%, 75%, or 85%.

At block 1210, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product. In an embodiment, the rolled aluminum alloy product may include an aluminum alloy having an elemental composition according to those provided in Tables 1-6. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product may include a 7xxx series aluminum alloy. In an embodiment, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be a slab, strip, plate, sheet, or sheet. Optionally, ingots and/or billets may be used with method 1200.

Block 1210 may heat the rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated during the heat treatment process. In some embodiments, the heat treatment process can be a solution heat treatment process. During heating, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated to a first temperature of at least at least 400°C (eg, at least 425°C, at least 450°C, at least 460°C, or at least 465°C). In some cases, the first temperature may range from 400°C to 525°C, 425°C to 510°C, 450°C to 510°C, 450°C to 500°C, 450°C to 480°C, or 450°C to 475°C. In some embodiments, the first temperature can be a solutionization temperature.

During heating of the rolled aluminum alloy product, the heating rate to the first temperature may be 70 °C/hour or less, 60 °C/hour or less, or 50 °C/hour or less. The rolled aluminum alloy product may then be submerged for a period of time (ie, held at the first indicated temperature). In some cases, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be soaked for up to 15 hours (eg, 30 minutes to 15 hours, inclusive). For example, a rolled aluminum alloy product can be processed in 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours. hour, 14 hours, or 15 hours at a first temperature of at least 400°C.

In an embodiment, the heat treatment process may be or include a hot rolling process. The hot rolling process may include a hot reversing mill operation and/or a hot tandem mill operation. The hot rolling process may be performed at a temperature ranging from about 250 °C to about 550 °C (eg, from about 300 °C to about 500 °C or from about 350 °C to about 450 °C). In the hot rolling process, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be hot rolled to a 12 mm thick gauge or less (eg, 3 mm to 8 mm thick gauge). For example, rolled aluminum alloy products may be 11 mm thick gauge or less, 10 mm thick gauge or less, 9 mm thick gauge or less, 8 mm thick gauge or less, 7 mm thick gauge or less. It may be hot rolled to gauge or less, 6 mm gauge or less, 5 mm gauge or less, 4 mm gauge or less, or 3 mm gauge or less. In some embodiments, the hot rolling process may occur at different times during method 1200. For example, a hot rolling process may occur after forming or after a quenching step.

The rolled aluminum alloy product may be held at block 1220 at, or within 10° C. of, the first temperature for a time duration of 30 seconds to 12 hours. In some cases, the time duration is 15 seconds to 6 hours, 15 seconds to 3 hours, 15 seconds to 1 hour, 15 seconds to 30 minutes, 15 seconds to 5 minutes, 15 seconds to 1 hour, 15 seconds to 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 6 hours, 30 seconds to 3 hours, 30 seconds to 1 hour, 30 seconds to 30 minutes, 30 seconds to 5 minutes, 30 seconds to 1 minute, 1 minute to 6 hours, 1 minute to 3 hours, 1 minute to 1 hour, 1 minute to 30 minutes, 5 minutes to 1 hour, 5 minutes to 30 minutes, 30 minutes to 12 hours, 30 minutes to 6 hours, or 30 minutes to 1 hour. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product is within 50°C of the first temperature, within 40°C of the first temperature, within 30°C of the first temperature, within 25°C of the first temperature, within 20°C of the first temperature, within the first temperature. temperature, within 5°C of the first temperature, or within 1°C of the first temperature for a specified duration of time.

At the end of the heat treatment process, the rolled aluminum alloy product may optionally be subjected to one or more forming processes at block 1230. For example, at block 1230, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a hot forming process. In some embodiments, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be hot formed after heating but before the rolled aluminum alloy product is quenched. Rolled aluminum alloy products as provided herein can have good ductility or formability at elevated temperatures. This may enable the rolled aluminum alloy product to become malleable and achieve better formability. Hot forming of the rolled aluminum alloy product can allow the rolled aluminum alloy product to be formed into a variety of complex shapes when the product is at or near a first temperature. For example, after heating the rolled aluminum alloy product, the product can be transferred to a press or die, where it is formed into a desired shape.

The rolled (and optionally shaped) aluminum alloy product may be quenched in block 1240. At block 1240, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be quenched in a quench process to a second temperature of about 10° C. to about 100° C. to produce a heat-treated aluminum alloy product. In some embodiments the second temperature can be ambient or room temperature. The quench process can be performed using either a quick quench run or a slow quench run. The quench rate in a rapid quench run may be from about 2,000° C./sec to about 3,000° C./sec (eg, about 2,500° C./sec) or higher. The quench rate in a slow quench run may range from about 5° C./sec to about 600° C./sec (e.g., from about 5° C./sec to about 550° C./sec or from about 50° C./sec to about 350° C./sec). there is. In some cases, the quench rate may range from about 5° C./sec to about 125° C./sec.

In some implementations, quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product in block 1240 may include two or more quench processes. The rolled aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a first quench to an intermediate temperature and then subjected to a second quench until the rolled aluminum alloy product reaches a second temperature. For example, a rolled aluminum alloy product may be quenched from a first temperature to an intermediate temperature through a hot forming process. The intermediate temperature may be higher than the second temperature. Accordingly, a second quench may be required to quench the rolled aluminum alloy product to a second temperature. The second quench rate may be greater than the first quench rate.

The heat-treated aluminum alloy product produced by the quenching process can exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to conventional aluminum alloy products. Specifically, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product as described herein may exhibit a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8. The strain ratio may be determined according to ASTM G129, ASTM G129, and/or other standard test methods. Other exemplary mechanical properties exhibited by the heat-treated aluminum alloy product are ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa, yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa, uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%, and 10.00% to 15.00% may include the total elongation of The heat-treated aluminum alloy produced in block 1240 is aluminum alloy products 210, 310, or aluminum alloy products 4A and 4B discussed with respect to FIG. 4, or aluminum alloys discussed with respect to FIGS. 5-11C. products 5A and 5B. In some cases, when the rolled aluminum alloy product is subjected to a hot forming process, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be a hot formed aluminum alloy product. In other cases, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be a shaped aluminum alloy product when the rolled aluminum alloy product is subjected to one or more forming operations.

At block 1242, quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product may include subjecting the rolled aluminum alloy product to a water quench process. The water quenching process may include cold water immersion, hot water immersion, boiling water, or water spray. In various implementations, the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product in block 1240 may include other quenching methods. For example, block 1240 may include a forced air quench process. Forced air quenching processes may include air blast or still air procedures. Other quench methods that may be used in block 1240 may include a polyalkylene glycol solution, liquid nitrogen, fast quench oil, or brine solution.

Optionally, blocks 1230 and 1240 may be combined. For example, in some cases, rolled aluminum alloy products may be quenched through a die quenching process. During the hot forming process, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be formed into parts using a cold die. Because the cold die is cooler than the heated rolled aluminum alloy product, the cold die can provide rapid quenching to the rolled aluminum alloy product. In some cases, the hot forming process can be considered to be part of the quenching process. In other cases, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a hot forming process either before or after the quenching process. In a further case, the hot forming process may occur between the first and second quench processes.

After the rolled aluminum alloy product is quenched at block 1240, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to an aging process at block 1250. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a hardening process, such as in a T6 or T7 temper. In some embodiments, the aging process at block 1250 reheats the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature of about 100 °C to about 170 °C, and heat-treated aluminum alloy product to about 100 °C to about 150 °C. for a period of time, and cooling the sheet to a temperature near or to room temperature. In other cases, the aging process reheats the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature of about 100° C. to about 150° C.; maintaining the heat-treated aluminum alloy product at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 150° C. for a period of time; heating the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature greater than about 150°C; maintaining the heat-treated aluminum alloy product at a temperature greater than about 150° C. (eg, from about 150° C. to about 170° C.) for a period of time; cooling the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to room temperature. Heat-treated aluminum alloy product at that temperature for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, 110 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, It can be held for a period of more than 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 32 hours, or 48 hours. For example, a heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to an aging process, wherein the product is reheated to a temperature of 100° C. to 170° C. and held at that temperature for 12 to 30 hours.

In some cases, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a paint bake heat treatment, for example, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a temperature greater than about 150°C (e.g., 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, or greater) and heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature greater than about 140°C (e.g., about 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, or temperature for a period of time (e.g., 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, 110 minutes, or 120 minutes) can keep

Referring now to FIG. 13 , a graph 1300 shows the temperature profile of an aluminum alloy product as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Graph 1300 illustrates or may correspond to an embodiment of a method of making a quench-insensitive aluminum alloy product. For example, graph 1300 may correspond to an aluminum alloy product 210, 310, method of making 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, or any aluminum alloy product having a composition according to Tables 1-6. Starting at step 1310, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be heated from room temperature to a first temperature of 480° C. during a heat treatment process. Heating may be performed for approximately 50 seconds as illustrated. In embodiments, room temperature may correspond to ambient conditions, such as approximately 40°C. In this embodiment, the heat treatment process may be a solution heat treatment process indicated by SHT notation. In step 1320, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be held at the first temperature for a period of time, such as about 5 minutes. After this period, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be quenched in step 1330 to produce a heat-treated aluminum alloy product. In step 1330, multiple quench rates are presented. For example, a quench rate of 550 °C/s, 350 °C/s, 150 °C/s, 50 °C/s, or 5 °C/s may be used in step 1330. Quenching in step 1330 may use any of the various quenching methods discussed herein. In some embodiments, the rolled aluminum alloy product may be quenched to a second temperature, such as room temperature. Optionally, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product can be held at room temperature for 24 hours.

In some cases, heat-treated aluminum alloy products may be subjected to an aging process. At step 1350, the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be subjected to a T6 tempering process. Optionally, a T7 tempering process may be used. As provided on graph 1300, in step 1350 the heat-treated aluminum alloy product may be reheated to a temperature of 125°C. The heat-treated aluminum alloy product can be held at 125° C. for 24 hours before returning to room temperature.

Methods of Using the Disclosed Aluminum Alloy Products

The aluminum alloy products described herein may be used in automotive applications and other transportation applications including aircraft and rail applications. For example, the disclosed aluminum alloy products may be used in automotive structural parts such as bumpers, side beams, roof beams, cross beams, pillar reinforcements (eg, A-pillars, B-pillars, and C-pillars), interior panels, exterior panels, It may be used to manufacture side panels, interior hoods, exterior hoods, lockers, or trunk lid panels. The aluminum alloy products and methods described herein may also be used in aircraft or rail vehicle applications, for example, to make exterior and interior panels. In some implementations, the aluminum alloy products described herein may be incorporated into upper wings, lower wings, or other body assemblies in aerospace applications.

The aluminum alloy products and methods described herein may also be used in electronic applications or any other desired application. For example, the aluminum alloy products and methods described herein can be used to make housings for electronic devices including cell phones and tablet computers. In some examples, aluminum alloy products may be used to make housings for cell phones (eg, smartphones), tablet bottom chassis, and outer casings of other portable electronic devices.

example

As used below, any reference to a series of examples shall be construed as reference to their respective examples in isolation (e.g., "Examples 1-4" means "Examples 1, 2, 3, or 4").

Example 1 is a step of heating a rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature of 400 ° C to 525 ° C, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt. .% Cu, 1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% Mg, 0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% Fe, 0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr, up to 0.25 a 7xxx series aluminum alloy comprising wt.% Mn, up to 0.20 wt.% Cr, up to 0.15 wt.% Ti, and Al; holding the rolled aluminum alloy product at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes; and quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate of 0.5° C./s to 125° C./s to produce a heat-treated aluminum alloy product, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product has a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8. , wherein the strain ratio is determined according to ASTM G129 and/or ASTM G139 standard test methods.

Example 2 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product is quenched until the rolled aluminum alloy product reaches a second temperature of 10° C. to 100° C.

Example 3, wherein the quench includes a first quench at a first quench rate to an intermediate temperature, and a second quench at a second quench rate to a second temperature, wherein the second quench rate is greater than the first quench rate. The method of any preceding or subsequent example, which is greater.

Example 4 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the quench rate is from 5° C./s to 125° C./s.

Example 5 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the quench rate is from 10° C./s to 125° C./s.

Example 6 shows that the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.20 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Cu, 1.40 wt.% to 2.80 wt.% Mg, 0.10 wt.% to 0.35 wt. .% Fe, 0.05 wt.% to 0.20 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn, 0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr, 0.001 wt. .% to 0.05 wt.% Ti, and Al.

Example 7 shows that the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.30 wt.% to 2.50 wt.% Cu, 1.60 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Mg, 0.10 wt.% to 0.25 wt. .% Fe, 0.07 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Si, 0.09 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.02 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn, 0.03 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr, 0.003 wt. .% to 0.035 wt.% Ti, and Al.

Example 8 shows that the rolled aluminum alloy product contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.20 wt.% to 2.10 wt.% Cu, 2.20 wt.% to 2.40 wt.% Mg, 0.18 wt.% to 0.23 wt.% .% Fe, 0.09 wt.% to 0.12 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr, 0.04 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Mn, 0.03 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Cr, 0.01 wt. .% to 0.02 wt.% Ti, up to 0.15 wt.% of impurities, and Al.

Example 9 is wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product further comprises up to 0.20 wt.% of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, Sc, and Ni. is the method of any preceding or subsequent example.

Example 10 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 300 μm as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method.

Example 11 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the corrosion occurring within the corrosion depth includes at least one of pitting corrosion or intergranular corrosion.

Example 12 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the corrosion includes intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is less than or equal to 50° C./s.

Example 13 is the method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the corrosion does not include intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is greater than 5° C./s.

Example 14 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 15 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the first temperature is the solutionization temperature.

Example 16 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the second temperature is an ambient temperature.

Example 17 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example wherein heating and quenching of a rolled aluminum alloy product corresponds to a solution heat treatment process.

Example 18 is the method of any previous or subsequent Example, further comprising subjecting the rolled aluminum alloy product to a hot forming process after heating the rolled aluminum alloy product.

Example 19 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product comprises a die quenching process.

Example 20 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product includes a water quenching process.

Example 21 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product comprises a forced air quenching process.

Example 22 is the method of any previous or subsequent Example further comprising aging the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a T6 temper or a T7 temper.

Example 23 is the method of any previous or subsequent Example, further comprising heating the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature of 100° C. to 170° C. and holding at that temperature for 12 hours to 30 hours.

Example 24 is a method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa.

Example 25 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 605 MPa to 615 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 26 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa.

Example 27 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 28 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%.

Example 29 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 30 is a method of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 10.00% to 15.00%.

Example 31 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 32 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 33 is a method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 110 nm.

Example 34 is the method of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s.

Example 35 includes a heat-treated aluminum alloy, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy contains 4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn, 0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt.% Cu, 1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% wt.% Mg, 0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% Fe, 0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si, 0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr, 0.25 wt.% max Mn, 0.20 wt.% max. A rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product comprising Cr, up to 0.15 wt.% Ti, up to 0.15 wt.% impurities, and Al, and exhibiting a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8, wherein the strain ratio is ASTM G129 and/or ASTM G129 and/or ASTM The product is determined according to the G139 standard test method.

Example 36 is the product of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 300 μm as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method.

Example 37 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 38 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is a formed aluminum alloy product.

Example 39 is the product of any preceding or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is a hot formed aluminum alloy product.

Example 40 is the product of any preceding or subsequent examples wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is to either a T6 temper or a T7 temper.

Example 41 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa.

Example 42 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 605 MPa to 615 MPa when the quench rate is 125 °C/s.

Example 43 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa.

Example 44 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 45 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%.

Example 46 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 47 is the product of any preceding or subsequent examples wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 10.00% to 15.00%.

Example 48 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20% when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 49 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is 125° C./s.

Example 50 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a deposit free band width of 10 nm to 110 nm.

Example 51 is the product of any previous or subsequent example, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125 °C/s.

Example 52 includes heating a rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product includes a 7xxx series aluminum alloy, and wherein the first temperature is from 400° C. to 525° C.; holding the rolled aluminum alloy product at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes; and quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate of 0.5° C./s to 125° C./s to produce a rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product.

Example 53 is the product of any previous or subsequent example produced according to the method of any previous or subsequent example.

Example 54 is an automotive product comprising the product of any preceding or succeeding Example.

Example 55 is an aerospace product that includes the product of any preceding or succeeding Example.

Example 56 is an automotive product comprising a product produced according to the method of any previous or subsequent Example.

Example 57 is an aerospace product comprising a product produced according to the method of any preceding or succeeding Example.

All patents, publications and abstracts cited above are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The foregoing description of embodiments, including illustrated embodiments, has been presented for purposes of illustration and description only and is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting the precise form disclosed. Many variations, adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (58)

heating the rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature of 400° C. to 525° C., wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product is
4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn;
0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt.% Cu,
1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% Mg;
0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% Fe,
0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si,
0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr;
up to 0.25 wt.% Mn;
up to 0.20 wt.% Cr;
up to 0.15 wt.% Ti, and
Al
Step comprising a 7xxx series aluminum alloy comprising a;
holding the rolled aluminum alloy product at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes; and
A step of producing a heat-treated aluminum alloy product by quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate of 0.5° C./s to 125° C./s, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product has a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8. Indicated, wherein the strain ratio is determined according to the ASTM G129 standard test method.
How to include. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product is quenched until the rolled aluminum alloy product reaches a second temperature of 10° C. to 100° C. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the quenching comprises a first quench at a first quench rate to an intermediate temperature and a second quench at a second quench rate to a second temperature, wherein the second quench rate is the first quench rate How to be greater than. The method of claim 1 wherein the quench rate is from 5 °C/s to 125 °C/s. The method of claim 1 wherein the quench rate is from 10 °C/s to 125 °C/s. The method of claim 1, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product
4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn;
0.20 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Cu,
1.40 wt.% to 2.80 wt.% Mg;
0.10 wt.% to 0.35 wt.% Fe,
0.05 wt.% to 0.20 wt.% Si,
0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr;
0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn;
0.01 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr;
0.001 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Ti, and
Al
A method comprising a. The method of claim 1, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product
4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn;
0.30 wt.% to 2.50 wt.% Cu,
1.60 wt.% to 2.60 wt.% Mg;
0.10 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Fe;
0.07 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Si,
0.09 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr;
0.02 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Mn;
0.03 wt.% to 0.05 wt.% Cr;
0.003 wt.% to 0.035 wt.% Ti, and
Al
A method comprising a. The method of claim 1, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product
4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn;
0.20 wt.% to 2.10 wt.% Cu,
2.20 wt.% to 2.40 wt.% Mg;
0.18 wt.% to 0.23 wt.% Fe,
0.09 wt.% to 0.12 wt.% Si,
0.05 wt.% to 0.15 wt.% Zr;
0.04 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Mn;
0.03 wt.% to 0.09 wt.% Cr;
0.01 wt.% to 0.02 wt.% Ti,
Impurities up to 0.15 wt.%, and
Al
A method comprising a. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product further comprises up to 0.20 wt.% of one or more of Mo, Nb, Be, B, Co, Sn, Sr, V, In, Hf, Ag, Sc, and Ni. How to do. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 300 μm as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the corrosion occurring within the corrosion depth comprises at least one of pitting corrosion or intergranular corrosion. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the corrosion comprises intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is less than or equal to 50 °C/s. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the corrosion does not include intergranular corrosion when the quench rate is greater than 5 °C/s. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is the solutionization temperature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second temperature is ambient temperature. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating and quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product corresponds to a solution heat treatment process. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the rolled aluminum alloy product to a hot forming process after heating the rolled aluminum alloy product. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product comprises a die quenching process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product comprises a water quenching process. The method of claim 1, wherein the quenching of the rolled aluminum alloy product comprises a forced air quenching process. The method of claim 1 further comprising aging the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a T6 temper. The method of claim 1 further comprising aging the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a T7 temper. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the heat-treated aluminum alloy product to a temperature of 100° C. to 170° C. and holding at that temperature for a period of 12 hours to 30 hours. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of between 605 MPa and 615 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 10.00% to 15.00%. 32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of between 13.80% and 14.20% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 110 nm. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate-free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. A heat-treated aluminum alloy, wherein the heat-treated aluminum alloy is
4.00 wt.% to 15.00 wt.% Zn;
0.10 wt.% to 3.50 wt.% Cu,
1.00 wt.% to 4.00 wt.% Mg;
0.05 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% Fe,
0.05 wt.% to 0.30 wt.% Si,
0.05 wt.% to 0.25 wt.% Zr;
up to 0.25 wt.% Mn;
up to 0.20 wt.% Cr;
up to 0.15 wt.% Ti;
Impurities up to 0.15 wt.%, and
Al
including,
exhibiting a strain ratio of 0.3 to 0.8
A rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product, wherein the strain ratio is determined according to the ASTM G129 standard test method. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 5 μm to 300 μm as determined according to the ASTM G110 standard test method. 38. The product of claim 37, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a corrosion depth of 25 μm to 50 μm when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is a formed aluminum alloy product. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is a hot formed aluminum alloy product. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product is in a T6 temper or a T7 temper. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa to 650 MPa. 43. The product of claim 42, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of from 605 MPa to 615 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 400 MPa to 600 MPa. 45. The product of claim 44, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a yield strength of 560 MPa to 580 MPa when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation of 7.50% to 10.50%. 47. The product of claim 46, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a uniform elongation at about 9.00% to 9.60% when the quench rate is about 125[deg.] C./s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation of 10.00% to 15.00%. 49. The product of claim 48, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a total elongation at a total elongation of 13.80% to 14.20% when the quench rate is about 125° C./s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a strain ratio of 0.375 to 0.425 when the quench rate is about 125 DEG C/s or less. 37. The product of claim 36, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate free bandwidth of from 10 nm to 110 nm. 52. The product of claim 51, wherein the rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product exhibits a precipitate free band width of 10 nm to 13 nm when the quench rate is about 125 °C/s or less. 37. The method of claim 36,
heating the rolled aluminum alloy product to a first temperature, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product includes a 7xxx series aluminum alloy, and the first temperature is 400° C. to 525° C.;
holding the rolled aluminum alloy product at or within 10° C. of the first temperature for a time duration of 15 seconds to 30 minutes; and
Quenching the rolled aluminum alloy product at a quench rate of 0.5° C./s to 125° C./s.
A product resulting from a rolled 7xxx series aluminum alloy product. 37. The product of claim 36, produced according to the method of any one of claims 1-35. 54. An automotive product comprising the product of any one of claims 36-53. An aerospace product comprising the product of any one of claims 36 - 53 . 36. An automotive product comprising a product produced according to the method of any one of claims 1-35. 36. An aerospace product comprising a product produced according to the method of any one of claims 1-35.

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