KR20230045664A - Pyrolysis oil gasification system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis oil gasification system, and more specifically, to an environmentally friendly and economical energy system which collects pyrolysis oil generated during pyrolysis of wastes such as waste plastics and biomass in a pyrolysis facility, and gasifies and converts the same into high value-added materials through a gasification facility. The pyrolysis oil gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a pyrolysis facility which pyrolyzes waste; and a gasification facility which collects pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis facility and gasifies liquid hydrocarbon waste containing the pyrolysis oil.

Description

Pyrolysis oil gasification system {Pyrolysis oil gasification system}

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis oil gasification system, and more specifically, to an eco-friendly and It is about an economical energy system.

In recent years, as society has shown signs of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the amount of waste, especially waste plastic waste, has increased significantly, resulting in a plastic waste disposal crisis. Accordingly, there are many concerns about environmental pollution such as air, water quality, soil, etc. caused by various pollutants generated during waste treatment. is following

As an alternative, a technology for regenerating energy by thermally decomposing waste plastic waste is used, and for this purpose, waste pyrolysis facilities are widely installed at home and abroad. When wastes including waste plastics are pyrolyzed or gasified by pyrolysis, pyrolysis oil with a high boiling point, hydrocarbons of low molecular weight, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide are discharged, along with pollutants such as carbon dioxide, moisture, H2S, and HCl.

Among them, pyrolysis oil is oil obtained by using a pyrolysis facility, and it is difficult to use it as a general fuel because its components are not constant depending on the raw material to be pyrolyzed and the smell is severe. As a result, it is also used as a fuel for boilers in some bathhouses and large laundry factories. However, it is mixed with substances that cause air pollution such as sulfur and chloride during pyrolysis, so its use is prohibited in large cities. there is

There are several pyrolysis companies for waste plastics in Korea, but most of them are small and small. Except for some companies that only process waste plastic, most of the pyrolysis facilities are operated in batch mode. In addition, some pyrolysis companies are trying to separate and recover naphtha from pyrolysis oil, but the recovery rate is not constant and the quality of naphtha is not uniform. am.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2019-0086063 (2019.07.22.)

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and more specifically, collects pyrolysis oil generated during pyrolysis treatment of waste plastics or biomass in a pyrolysis facility, and gasifies it through a gasification facility to produce high value-added materials. By converting, it aims to provide an eco-friendly and economical energy system.

A pyrolysis oil gasification system according to an example of the present invention includes a pyrolysis facility for pyrolyzing waste; and a gasification facility for collecting pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis facility and gasifying liquid hydrocarbon waste containing the pyrolysis oil.

The pyrolysis oil may include any one of waste plastic pyrolysis oil, biomass pyrolysis oil, and waste oil.

The gasification facility includes a fuel generation unit for generating the liquid hydrocarbon waste using the pyrolysis oil collected from the pyrolysis facility, and receiving the liquid hydrocarbon waste from the fuel generation unit to gasify the liquid hydrocarbon waste to produce syngas. It may include a gasification unit that generates.

The gasification facility may further obtain solid residue (char) from the pyrolysis facility.

The fuel generation unit may generate the liquid hydrocarbon waste by mixing the solid residue with the pyrolysis oil.

The fuel generation unit may pulverize the solid residue and mix it with the pyrolysis oil to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon slurry.

The gasification facility may gasify the liquid hydrocarbon slurry.

The gasifier may supply the liquid hydrocarbon waste and oxygen into the chamber and apply heat to gasify the liquid hydrocarbon waste.

The oxygen is concentrated oxygen, and the oxygen concentration of the concentrated oxygen may be 50% or more.

The gasifier may further supply steam into the chamber.

The gasification facility may further include a purification unit for purifying the syngas generated in the gasification unit, and an energy production unit for producing at least one of oil, hydrogen, and electricity using the synthesis gas refined in the purification unit. can

The gasification facility may be of a continuous type.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an eco-friendly and economical energy system by collecting pyrolysis oil generated during pyrolysis treatment of waste such as waste plastic or biomass in a pyrolysis facility and converting it into a high value-added material by gasifying it through a gasification facility. there is.

In addition, it is advantageous in that this system can be constructed using conventionally individually installed facilities, and it is possible to treat solid residues generated during pyrolysis of wastes, thereby minimizing and stabilizing final residues.

1 is a schematic representation of the system of the present invention.
2 schematically shows a gasification facility according to an example of the present invention.
3 schematically shows a gasifier according to an example of the present invention.
4 and 5 show an operation overview of a system according to an example of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a graph of the results of analyzing the boiling point distribution and carbon number distribution of pyrolysis oil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a diagram showing a control interface of a pyrolysis oil gasification system according to an example of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 schematically shows the system of the present invention, and as shown, the pyrolysis oil gasification system 1 of the present invention may largely include a pyrolysis facility 100 and a gasification facility 200.

The pyrolysis facility 100 is a facility that pyrolyzes waste, and may generate pyrolysis oil (P) by pyrolyzing waste. The pyrolysis facility 100 may be spatially separated from the gasification facility 200, and a plurality of pyrolysis facilities 100 (A to F) may be provided compared to one gasification facility 200.

The pyrolysis facility 100 puts waste such as waste plastic, waste vinyl, waste oil, waste rubber, waste fiber, or biomass into a chamber (not shown) and pyrolyzes the waste at high temperature while blocking external air. In the process, pyrolysis oil may be generated.

The gasification facility 200 is a facility that collects pyrolysis oil generated in the pyrolysis facility 100 and gasifies liquid hydrocarbon waste including the pyrolysis oil, and is generally referred to as a gasifier or a gasifier. The gasification facility 200 gasifies liquid hydrocarbon waste containing pyrolysis oil (or a mixed slurry of pyrolysis oil and solid residue (char) as described later) to produce high value-added materials such as oil, hydrogen, and electricity. The oil may correspond to, for example, chemical, naphtha, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, marine oil, and lubricating oil.

That is, the present system 1 applies pyrolysis oil as the pyrolysis fuel of the gasifier. It may be unique, and may further include waste oil such as waste lubricant. In addition, a slurry prepared by pulverizing solid residues (charcoal, ash, etc.) remaining after thermal decomposition and mixing them with liquid hydrocarbon waste may be further included.

As such, the present system converts pyrolysis oil generated during pyrolysis treatment of waste such as waste plastic or biomass to a gasifier to convert it into a high value-added material. It is economical and environmentally friendly, and furthermore, it has a very advantageous advantage in that the present system can be built using conventionally individually installed facilities.

2 schematically shows a gasification facility according to an example of the present invention. As shown, the gasification facility 200 largely includes a fuel generation unit 210, a gasification unit 220, a purification unit 230, and an energy A production unit 240 may be included.

The fuel generation unit 210 generates liquid hydrocarbon waste that becomes gasified fuel using the pyrolysis oil collected from the pyrolysis facility 100, and can perform functions of generating, storing, and storing fuel, and for this purpose, a storage tank ( not shown) and the like.

The gasification unit 220 receives the liquid hydrocarbon waste from the fuel generation unit 210 and gasifies it to generate syngas, and may include a chamber 20 corresponding to a melting furnace for gasification. The chamber 20 may provide a space for accommodating liquid hydrocarbon waste therein, receiving oxygen and heat, and gasifying the liquid hydrocarbon waste therein.

The purification unit 230 purifies the syngas generated in the gasification unit 220, a cyclone and a venturi scrubber for removing tar and dust, a neutralization washing tower for removing chlorine, and sulfur An iron chelate washing tower or iron oxide packed tower to remove water, an activated carbon and silica gel stacked tower to remove moisture, and an electric precipitator may be included, and the order of these may be appropriately changed depending on site conditions. Furthermore, it may further include a compressor for compressing the gas purified through the above configurations, a buffer tank for storing the compressed gas, and the like.

The energy production unit 240 produces one or more of oil, hydrogen, and electricity using the syngas refined in the refining unit 230, and more specifically, desulfurizes the syngas and liquefies it to produce synthetic naphtha. Oil can be generated or electricity can be generated through engine power generation, or hydrogen can be generated using the H2 PSA method or electricity can be generated through engine power generation. To this end, the energy production unit may include an FT reactor, a gas engine, a gas engine generator, a reformer or WSG reactor, a fuel cell, and the like. On the other hand, the above-described specific components of the purification unit and the energy production unit are not separately shown.

At this time, the gasification facility 200, more specifically, the fuel generator 210 may further obtain solid residues in addition to the pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis facility 100, pulverize the solid residues, and mix them with the pyrolysis oil to obtain a slurry state. can be made with That is, the present system (1) collects the solid residue (α) generated during pyrolysis of waste plastic or biomass in the pyrolysis facility 100 together with the pyrolysis oil in the central gasification facility 200, and converts it to the pyrolysis oil and After mixing to prepare a fuel slurry, the fuel slurry can be gasified to produce oil or the like. As such, according to the present invention, even solid residues generated during pyrolysis of wastes in a pyrolysis facility are converted into high value-added materials through gasification, which is more economical and environmentally friendly, and has the advantage of minimizing residues.

3 schematically shows a gasification unit according to an example of the present invention, as shown, the gasification unit 210 may include a burner 10 and a chamber 20, and the burner 10 is a fuel supply unit ( 11), an oxygen supply unit 12, and a steam supply unit 13.

The gasification unit 210 may supply liquid hydrocarbon waste to the chamber 20 through the fuel supply unit 11 and supply oxygen through the oxygen supply unit 12, and then cut off external air and apply heat to the chamber 20 ) can gasify liquid hydrocarbon wastes in

At this time, the oxygen is concentrated oxygen, and the oxygen concentration of the concentrated oxygen may be 50% or more. In the case of general air, more than 50% of the gas produced when gasifying fuel is composed of nitrogen or carbon dioxide, so the calorific value is relatively low, and thus is not suitable for producing high value-added oil, electricity, hydrogen, etc. In order to solve this problem, the present invention may supply concentrated oxygen into the chamber through the oxygen supply unit 12, and the concentrated oxygen may be generated through the PSA method and provided to the oxygen supply unit 12. The PSA method refers to a multi-step process in which nitrogen is adsorbed and oxygen is concentrated and extracted by passing air through an adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent that selectively adsorbs nitrogen from the air. The concentration of oxygen in the air generated and supplied to the chamber in this way may be 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, or more preferably 90% or more.

Furthermore, the gasification unit 220 may further supply steam (steam) into the chamber 20 through the steam supply unit 13 . Since the liquid hydrocarbon waste, which is the fuel of the present invention, corresponds to oil, it has a high calorific value, so it is difficult to control the temperature in the gasification process and the generation of unburned carbon increases. The present invention can solve the problem by injecting fuel and steam into the chamber 20 from the gasifier 220, respectively. Alternatively, fuel itself, that is, fuel prepared by mixing liquid hydrocarbon waste with water and mixing the two using a surfactant or the like may be gasified. However, since there is a difficulty such as the two layers being separated when the mixture is stored for a long period of time, it is more preferable to spray steam together with oxygen into the chamber as in the present invention because it can control the temperature of the gasification reactor and reduce the generation of unburned carbon powder. can

On the other hand, as described above, the present system 1 obtains pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis facility 100, and can produce and store liquid hydrocarbon waste containing pyrolysis oil as pyrolysis fuel, and thus manufactured and stored Fuel may be continuously provided to the gasifier (ie, the gasifier 220) of the gasification facility 200. Accordingly, the gasification facility of this system can be operated in a continuous manner, thereby maintaining the amount and quality of syngas at a certain level or higher.

4 and 5 show an operation overview of the system according to an example of the present invention, and an operation overview of the pyrolysis oil gasification system 1 is as follows.

1) Pyrolysis facility ⇒ Gasification section ⇒ Refining section (Cyclone, Scrubber, acid gas neutralization scrubber, desulfurization scrubber, etc.) ⇒ Gas cooling scrubber ⇒ Fixed bed absorption tower ⇒ Energy production section (FT reactor) ⇒ "Oil" production

2) Pyrolysis facility ⇒ Gasification section ⇒ Refining section (Cyclone, Scrubber, acid gas neutralization scrubber, desulfurization scrubber, etc.) ⇒ Gas cooling scrubber ⇒ Fixed bed absorption tower ⇒ Energy production section (gas engine) ⇒ "Electricity" production

3) Pyrolysis facility ⇒ Gasification unit ⇒ Refining unit (Cyclone, Scrubber, acid gas neutralization scrubber, desulfurization scrubber, etc.) ⇒ Gas cooling scrubber ⇒ Fixed bed absorption tower ⇒ Energy production unit (FT reactor ⇒ Gas engine generator) ⇒ "Electricity and oil" production

4) Thermal decomposition facility ⇒ Gasification section ⇒ Refining section (Cyclone, Scrubber, acid gas neutralization scrubber, desulfurization scrubber, etc.) ⇒ Gas cooling scrubber ⇒ Fixed bed absorption tower ⇒ Energy production section (WSG reactor) ⇒ Hydrogen PSA ⇒ "Hydrogen" production

5) Thermal decomposition facility ⇒ Gasification section ⇒ Refining section (Cyclone, Scrubber, acid gas neutralization scrubber, desulfurization scrubber, etc.) ⇒ Gas cooling scrubber ⇒ Fixed bed absorption tower ⇒ Energy production section (WSG reactor ⇒ Hydrogen PSA ⇒ Gas engine generator) ⇒ "Hydrogen and electricity" production

Here, as in 1) above, the energy production unit 240 may include an FT reactor, and oil may be produced through the FT reactor using the syngas purified through the purification unit 230. Through the FT (Fischer-Tropsch) reactor, effective synthesis gas can be reacted with an iron or cobalt catalyst to make liquid hydrocarbons, through which oil can be produced.

In addition, as in 2) and 3) above, the energy production unit 240 may include an engine generator, and more specifically, generate electricity using effective syngas generated through a gas engine, and in the middle FT After the reactor, oil can be produced through the FT reactor, and electricity can be produced using unreacted gases.

In addition, as in 4) above, the energy production unit 240 may include a WGS reactor, and a water gas shift reaction (WGS, Water Gas Shift Reaction) and hydrogen PSA for converting CO in the generated syngas into hydrogen Hydrogen can be produced through

In addition, as in 5) above, the energy production unit 240 may further include a gas engine generator, and produce hydrogen and produce electricity using off-gas and the gas engine generator that are discarded.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be reviewed.

<Example>

Table 1 below is an analysis result of the pyrolysis oil obtained from company A, a pyrolysis facility. As shown in the table, it can be seen that there is almost no ash and sulfur components, and 0.02% of chlorine is included, and the low calorific value is 10,150 It can be confirmed that kcal/kg is similar to the calorific value of fuel oil.

[Table 1] Table of results of analysis of company A’s pyrolysis oil

Figure 6 is a graph of the results of analyzing the boiling point distribution and carbon number distribution of pyrolysis oil according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 (a) and (b) respectively show the boiling point distribution and carbon number distribution of pyrolysis oil from company A. As shown in the graph of FIG. 6, it can be seen that about 60% of the pyrolysis oil has a boiling point of 200° C. or less, and most of the oil is composed of molecules having 30 or less carbon atoms.

7 is a diagram showing a control interface of a pyrolysis oil gasification system according to an example of the present invention.

As an example, when gasification is performed using the pyrolysis oil of Company A through this system, 35 to 45% of hydrogen, 40 to 50% of carbon monoxide, 1 to 5% of methane, and 3 to 7% of carbon dioxide It is possible to produce syngas containing

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing its technical spirit or essential features. You will understand that there is Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive.

1: pyrolysis oil gasification system
100: pyrolysis facility
200: gasification facility
210: fuel generating unit
220: gasification unit
10: burner
11: fuel supply
12: oxygen supply unit
13: steam supply
20: chamber
230: purification unit
240: energy generating unit

Claims (12)

Pyrolysis facilities that thermally decompose waste; and
a gasification facility for collecting pyrolysis oil produced in the pyrolysis facility and gasifying liquid hydrocarbon waste containing the pyrolysis oil;
Pyrolysis oil gasification system comprising a.
According to claim 1,
The pyrolysis oil includes any one of waste plastic pyrolysis oil, biomass pyrolysis oil, and waste oil.
According to claim 1,
The gasification facility
A fuel generation unit for generating the liquid hydrocarbon waste using the pyrolysis oil collected from the pyrolysis facility;
A system comprising a gasification unit receiving the liquid hydrocarbon waste from the fuel generation unit and gasifying the liquid hydrocarbon waste to generate syngas.
According to claim 3,
The gasification facility
Further obtaining solid resid (char) from the pyrolysis facility.
According to claim 4,
The fuel generator
mixing the solid residue with the pyrolysis oil to produce the liquid hydrocarbon waste.
According to claim 4,
The fuel generator
A system for preparing a liquid hydrocarbon slurry by pulverizing the solid residue and mixing it with the pyrolysis oil.
According to claim 6,
wherein the gasification facility gasifies the liquid hydrocarbon slurry.
According to claim 3,
The gasification unit
A system for supplying the liquid hydrocarbon waste and oxygen into a chamber, and applying heat to gasify the liquid hydrocarbon waste.
According to claim 8,
The oxygen is concentrated oxygen, and the oxygen concentration of the concentrated oxygen is 50% or more.
According to claim 8,
The gasification unit
A system further supplying steam into the chamber.
According to claim 3,
The gasification facility
A purification unit for purifying the syngas generated in the gasification unit;
The system further comprises an energy production unit for producing any one or more of oil, hydrogen, and electricity using the syngas refined in the refining unit.
According to claim 1,
The gasification facility is a continuous system.

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