KR20220165078A - Method of using photon modulation for regulation of hormones in mammals - Google Patents

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a system, a device, and a method for regulating the production of hormones in mammals. An example of the present invention also includes, not limited to, a step of generating a pulse train (a photon) for emitting an electromagnetic wave of a spectrum for individual color at such intensity which a characteristic frequency or pattern is used to induce production of hormones in mammals in order to minimize required input power inevitable for adjusting the production of the hormones while allowing monitoring of the power consumption of the system and the other variables. Accordingly, a duty cycle, the intensity, a wavelength band, and a frequency of a photon signal for mammals are controlled to adjust the production of a particular hormone through cycling among blue, green, yellow, near-red, far-red, infrared, and ultraviolet photon modulations.

Description

METHOD OF USING PHOTON MODULATION FOR REGULATION OF HORMONES IN MAMMALS

The present invention relates to photon modulation for hormonal regulation in mammals.

Artificial light may be used for organic growth, and a light source may be used to provide the artificial light. The light source is driven using supplied power, and photons emitted from the light source can be used for biological processes of organisms.

The foregoing examples of related art and limitations related thereto are illustrative only, not exclusive, and are not meant to be limiting to the invention described herein. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the specification and studying the drawings.

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated, along with systems, tools, and methods that are meant to be illustrative and illustrative, and not limiting in scope.

An embodiment of the present invention is a method for regulating hormones in a mammal, comprising: at least one photon emitter; providing a system for pulsing a photon signal towards a mammal, comprising at least one photon emission modulation controller in communication with the at least one photon emitter, and emitting the signal towards the mammal. contain; wherein the at least one photon emitter is configured to generate a photon signal for the mammal, the photon signal comprising two or more independent components, the two or more independent components being repetitive first modulated photons comprising a first independent component of a group of pulses and a second independent component of a second group of repetitive modulated photon pulses; wherein the first group of modulated photon pulses has one or more first photon pulses ON durations having one or more first intensities, one or more first photon pulses OFF durations, and a first wavelength color have; the one or more durations of the first photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms and the one or more durations of the first photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours; the second group of modulated photon pulses has at least one second photon pulse on duration with at least one second intensity, has at least one second photon pulse off duration, and has a second wavelength color; the one or more durations of the second photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms, and the one or more durations of the second photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours; the first independent component and the second independent component are simultaneously produced within the signal; the second group of modulated photon pulses is different from the first group of modulated photon pulses; The combined effect of the signals regulates hormone levels in the mammal; The combined effect of the signals is modulation of hormone levels in the mammal compared to established baseline hormone levels in the mammal, and/or modification of behavior, regenerative cycling, hair growth, sedation or metabolic rate.

Embodiments of the present invention include at least one photon emitter; A system for regulating hormone production in a mammal comprising at least one photon emission modulation controller in communication with the at least one photon emitter, wherein the at least one photon emitter generates a photon signal to the mammal. wherein the photon signal comprises two or more independent components, the two or more independent components comprising a first independent component of a repetitive first group of modulated photon pulses and a second independent component of a repetitive second group of modulated photon pulses. comprising a second independent component; the first group of modulated photon pulses has one or more first photon pulse on durations with one or more first intensities, has one or more first photon pulses off durations, and has a first wavelength color; the one or more durations of the first photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms and the one or more durations of the first photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours; the second group of modulated photon pulses has at least one second photon pulse on duration with at least one second intensity, has at least one second photon pulse off duration, and has a second wavelength color; the one or more durations of the second photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms, and the one or more durations of the second photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours; the first independent component and the second independent component are simultaneously generated within the signal; the second group of modulated photon pulses is different from the first group of modulated photon pulses; Further comprising systems, wherein the signal directed to the mammal has the combined effect of regulating hormone production in the mammal.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate some exemplary embodiments and/or features, which are neither unique nor exclusive. The embodiments and figures disclosed herein are intended to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
1 is a diagram showing an example of a photon-modulated growth system for regulating hormones in mammals.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an individual color photon modulation growth system that pulses different specific wavelengths of light to modulate hormone production in a mammal.
3 is a diagram illustrating a photon emission modulation controller in communication with a plurality of photon emitters having a sample LED array.
4 is a diagram illustrating photon emission modulation through a master/slave LED array.
5 is a diagram illustrating a master logic controller in communication and control of a series of photon emitters.
6 is a diagram illustrating a photon modulation management system in communication with a series of mammalian sensors.
Figure 7 is a diagram showing a sample LED array in communication with various SSRs (Solid State Relays), BJTs or FETS.
8A is a photograph showing the power converter, SPI, and microcontroller of a multi-color die within a single LED.
FIG. 8B is a photograph showing the back side of the multi-color die within the single LED of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8C is a photograph showing a high-speed switching circuit for flashing a multi-color die within a single LED of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8D is a photograph showing the back side of the LED array of FIG. 8C with interchangeable multi-color die LEDs.
9 is an exemplary layout of LEDs in an LED array.
10 is a flow chart showing a method for regulating hormones in mammals through pulsing of various wavelengths to stimulate specific opsins in the organism.
11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for regulating hormones, behavior, regenerative cycling, hair growth, sedation or metabolic rate in a mammal through the use of a mammalian sensor.
12 is a graph showing an example of a photon signal with near red photon pulses, the photon signal having a repetitive rate of 400 μs to control hormone production in mammals.
13 is a graph showing an example of a photon signal having a near-red photon pulse and a far-red photon pulse, wherein the photon signal has a repetition rate of 600 μs for regulating hormone production in a mammal.
FIG. 14 is a second graph showing an example of a photon signal having a near-red photon pulse and a far-red photon pulse, wherein the two photon pulses have different durations on and durations off from the example shown in FIG. 13 . and the photon signal has a repetitive rate of 600 μs to control hormone production in mammals.
15 is a graph showing an example of a photon signal with a blue photon pulse and a green photon pulse, the photon signal having a repetition rate of 600 μs to control hormone production in a mammal.
16 is a graph showing an example of a photon signal having a blue photon pulse, a green photon pulse, and a near red photon pulse, wherein the photon signal has a repetition rate of 800 μs to regulate hormone production in a mammal.
17 is a graph showing an example of a photon signal having a blue photon pulse, an ultraviolet photon pulse, an orange photon pulse, a green photon pulse, and a near red photon pulse, wherein the photon signal is used to regulate hormone production in a mammal. has an iterative rate of 600 μs for
FIG. 18 is a third graph showing an example of a photon signal having a near-red photon pulse and a far-red photon pulse, wherein the two photon pulses have different durations from the examples shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 on and on. With a period off, the photon signal has a repetitive rate of 400 μs to regulate hormone production in mammals.
19 is a fourth graph showing an example of a photon signal having a near-red photon pulse and a far-red photon pulse, wherein the two photon pulses are off in intensity and duration different from the examples shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 . With a different duration on, the photon signal has a repetitive rate of 400 μs to regulate hormone production in mammals.
20 is a melatonin Elisa kit standard curve showing concentrations ranging from 0.04 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL. Blank readings do not appear in the plot because of the log-scale of the X-axis.
21 is a graph of melatonin concentration in ng/mL units. The control light is presented in “Object 1 w/o” and the light described herein is presented in “Object 1, w”. All concentrations were calculated based on the standards presented in FIG. 20 .
22 is a melatonin Elisa kit standard curve showing concentrations ranging from 0.04 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL. Blank readings do not appear in the plot because of the log-scale of the X-axis.
23 is a graph of bovine melatonin concentration in ng/mL with and without illumination. The control light is presented in "Bull 1 w/o" and the light described herein is presented in "Bull 1, w". All concentrations presented are averages taken from replicate samples. All concentrations were calculated based on the standards presented in FIG. 22 .

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems, devices and methods for regulating hormone production in a mammal, wherein the hormones regulated are hypothalamic hormones such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, prolactin-releasing factor (serotonin, acetylcholine, opiates & estrogens), somatostatin, prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine), pituitary hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone, endorphins, growth hormone, luteinization hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, epinephrine, melatonin, leukotrienes, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, oxytocin, parathyroid hormone, thyrotropin pin-releasing hormones, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. The systems and methods described herein also produce electromagnetic emission pulse trains (photons) of discrete color spectra of sufficient intensity to drive hormone production in a mammal while allowing monitoring of power consumption and other variables of the system as well as hormone production. It includes, but is not limited to, using a characteristic frequency or pattern that minimizes the required input power necessary to regulate . As discussed in more detail, by modulating the duty cycle, intensity, wavelength band and frequency of the photon signal to the mammal, the production of specific hormones can be controlled between blue, green, yellow, near red, far red, infrared and ultraviolet photon modulation. can be controlled through cycling.

Specifically, hormone production by a mammal by combining multiple repetitive wavelengths of photon pulses into a photon signal with a specific combination of pulse rates, together with regulation or control of the mammal's mood by reducing stress or calming the mammal. 0.1%, 1.0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.2%, 20%, 33.3%, 50%, 81.7%, 100%, 143.9%, 150%, 181.4%, 200 relative to baseline hormone levels in animals %, 250%, 444.2%, 500% and 1000% or more and all integers in between, or as in mammals, 0.1%, 1.2%, 7.7%, 10 below baseline hormone levels in mammals Allows reduction in production of certain hormones up to %, 15.6%, 20%, 47.2%, 50%, 74.5%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500% and 1000%, and all integers in between. It can be adjusted and optimized, including.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provided herein modulate the production of certain hormones. Each light “recipe” or option (one or more first photon pulse on durations having one or more first intensities, one or more first photon pulse off durations, and one or more groups of repetitively modulated photon pulses having a first wavelength color) photon signal) can be optimized for each hormone and tuned to each type of mammal.

Additional example implementations of the methods, systems, and devices described herein may be low heat generating: LED lighting inherently produces less heat than conventional light. When LED lights are used in dosing applications, they are less on than off. This creates an environment with nominal heat production from the LED light. Not only is this beneficial in that it does not need to use energy to dissipate heat from the system, but it is also beneficial to mammals because lighting can also be used to reduce animal stress or to calm animals.

regulation of hormones

The hypothalamus functions as the coordinating center of the endocrine system. Inputs from the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, peripheral endocrine feedback, and environmental signals such as light and temperature are processed by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus, in turn, influences the function of multiple endocrine systems through hypothalamic-pinal interactions (via the suprachiasmatic nucleus) and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus is responsible for the control of circadian rhythms, temperature regulation, and metabolism. Hypothalamic hormones also affect pituitary hormone production. Pituitary hormones control adrenal, thyroid and gonadal function, in addition to water balance, growth, regeneration, hair growth, sedation or metabolic rate, and milk production.

The hypothalamus is located in the center of the head. It is located at the back of the eye, just below the third ventricle, above the optic chiasm and pituitary gland. Afferent input to the hypothalamus comes from the brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, olfactory area, and optic nerve. Efferent pathways travel to the reticular center of the brainstem, the autonomic nervous system, the thalamus, the pineal gland, the median eminence, and the hypothalamic-neuropituitary tract, which connects the paraventricular nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the nerve terminals of the posterior pituitary gland.

In mammals, the eye functions as a photoreceptor and subsequently as a primary source of light input. This occurs primarily through the rods/cones of the retina using opsin-based proteins (chromophores). Among these photoreceptors best known in mammals is rhodopsin. A novel photopigment, melanopsin, has also been identified in retinal ganglion cells, termed ipRGC (essentially photosensitive retinal ganglion cells), but do not have classical photoreceptive tasks. Opsins are known to be widely expressed in other mammalian tissues, but their usefulness and function are also undocumented. OPN3 is an example of an extraocular opsin. OPN3 is expressed in the brain, testis, liver, placenta, heart, lung, muscle, kidney, pancreas, scrotum and skin.

The visual photoreceptor receives light from the eye, converts it into an electrical impulse, and transmits it through the optic nerve. Most of these cells continue to migrate to the brain's visual center in the occipital lobe, but some neurons migrate to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. The SCN serves as the primary controller of human circadian rhythms through the expression of "clock genes". These "clock genes" transcribe a variety of proteins that result in the control of a number of behavioral and physiological rhythms, including locomotion, sleep-wake cycles, thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and many endocrine processes.

Additional hypocretin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus stimulate vigilance, appetite and feeding behavior in response to the nutritional status of organisms and light signals from the SCN. Disruption of this cycle can lead to metabolic abnormalities leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome (type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension).

A multi-synaptic pathway utilizing the sympathetic nervous system from the SCN to the pineal gland controls the release of melatonin from the pineal gland. Melatonin is derived from serotonin, which itself derives from the amino acid tryptophan. In addition to being directly involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, melatonin plays an important role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Specific effects include changes in sperm count, progesterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and thyroid levels. Melatonin can also suppress libido and alter menstruation. Photoperiod directly correlates with the timing of melatonin release and the breeding season produced in mammals. Melatonin can also affect sleep-wake cycles, reduce motor activity, lower body temperature and cause fatigue.

The regulation and release of other hormones in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland can also be influenced by complex pathways involving the SCN. The hypothalamus releases hormones that travel to the pituitary gland along the pituitary gland. These hormones in turn cause the release or inhibition of pituitary hormones. Pituitary hormones then exert their effects widely throughout the body. Examples of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are given in Table 1 below:

Table 2 below describes the effects of the hormones listed in Table 1:

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a key regulator of circadian rhythms produced in the pineal gland by the amino acid tryptophan through a series of hydroxylation and methylation reactions. In response to reduced light, a signal to secrete melatonin at night is sent by the optic nerve to the pineal gland, which stimulates melatonin production. When produced, melatonin is secreted into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body. Literature Cassone, VM, et al. "Melatonin, the Pineal Gland, and Circadian Rhythms." Journal of Biological Rhythms. , US National Library of Medicine, 1993, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8274765. "The Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus HHMI's BioInteractive." HHMI BioInteractive , www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/human-suprachiasmatic-nucleus. Mure, LS, et al. "Melanopsin-Dependent Nonvisual Responses: Evidence for Photopigment Bistability in Vivo." Journal of Biological Rhythms. , US National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2007, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876062. Musio, Carlo. "NON-VISUAL PHOTORECEPTION in INVERTEBRATES." Non-Visual Photoreception in Invertebrates , photobiology.info/Musio.html. The Pineal Gland and Melatonin , Richard Bowen, www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/pineal.html. Sargis, Robert M. "An Overview of the Pineal Gland." EndocrineWeb , www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-pineal-gland. Srour, Marc. "Photoreception in Animals." Teaching Biology , 23 Jan. 2018, bioteaching.com/photoreception-in-animals/. Welt, Corrine. "Hypothalamic - Pituitary Axis." UpToDate , Apr. 2017, www.uptodate.com/contents/hypothalamic-pituitary-axis.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein polypeptide pituitary hormone, a gonadotropin. Hormones are synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and have been shown to regulate development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes in the body. Reference " Follicle-Stimulating Hormone". See WebMD .

Luteinizing hormone is a pituitary hormone produced by gonadotropin cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, elevated hormones have been shown to trigger ovulation as well as development of the corpus luteum. In males, the hormone has been found to stimulate the production of testosterone. ^ Ujihara M, Yamamoto K, Nomura K, Toyoshima S, Demura H, Nakamura Y, Ohmura K, Osawa T (June 1992). "Subunit-specific sulphation of oligosaccharides relating to charge-heterogeneity in porcine lutrophin isoforms". Glycobiology. 2 (3): 225-31. doi:10.1093/glycob/2.3.225. See PMID 1498420 .

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41-amino acid peptide derived from a 196-amino acid preprohormone. CRH is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress. Increased CRH production has been observed to be associated with Alzheimer's disease and major depression, and autosomal recessive hypothalamic corticotropin deficiency has multiple and potentially lethal metabolic consequences, including hypoglycemia. . Besides being produced in the hypothalamus, CRH is also synthesized in peripheral tissues such as T lymphocytes and is highly expressed in the placenta. In the placenta, CRH is a marker that determines the length of pregnancy and the timing of delivery and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating CRH levels occurs at the onset of labor, suggesting that in addition to its metabolic function, CRH may act as an inducer of labor. See Entrez Gene: CRH corticotropin releasing hormone" .

The posterior pituitary gland also functions by releasing hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus. These hypothalamic neurons produce hormones that travel down the cell's axons and terminate in the posterior pituitary gland. The major neuropituitary hormones and their effects are presented in Table 3:

Given the many complex interactions involving the photoreceptor pathways discussed above, the extraocular photoreceptors as well as the hypothalamus (pituitary, brainstem, autonomic nervous system, peripheral endocrine feedback), as well as those in Tables 1, 2 and 3, listed below A number of hormones, including those, can be modulated by the methods and systems described herein through the use of pulsed photon input.

In addition to the hormones provided above, a number of additional hormones can be modulated in a mammal using the methods and systems provided herein, including but not limited to:

A. Amino acids derived from hormones such as epinephrine, triidotuironine and thyroxine.

B. Eicosanoid hormones, such as but not limited to leukotrienes.

C. Peptide hormones such as but not limited to amylin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, and parathyroid hormone.

D. Steroid hormones such as testosterone, estradiol and progesterone.

Determination of Hormone Concentrations in Mammals

A variety of analytical techniques used to determine concentrations of hormones in mammals, such as melatonin, including but not limited to enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). there is

Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) kits have been developed to determine melatonin concentrations in a number of biological samples, including Homo sapiens . ELISA involves the detection of an analyte, which is a specific substance whose presence is quantitatively analyzed. In ELISA, a sample is added to a stationary phase containing specific binding properties. A plurality of liquid reagents are sequentially added, followed by incubation and washing followed by an enzymatic reaction that produces an optical change in the final liquid in the wells where the concentration of the analyte is measured. Samples are measured qualitatively with detection through spectrophotometric light transmittance. This involves the quantifiable transmission of light of some specific wavelength through the sample and well plate. Detection sensitivity depends on the signal amplification during the chemical reaction. An enzyme linked to the detection reagent generates a signal allowing accurate quantification.

High performance liquid chromatography or HPLC can also be used to determine hormone concentrations in mammals. HPLC is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on a pump to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing a sample mixture through a column packed with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, resulting in different flow rates for the different components, leading to separation of the components as they exit the column. HPLC is used in manufacturing (eg, during the production process of pharmaceutical and biological products), legal (eg, detection of performance-enhancing drugs in urine), and research (eg, separation of components of complex biological samples or similar components to each other). separation of components of synthetic chemicals) and medical (eg, detection of vitamin D levels in serum) purposes. Literature Gerber, F.; Krummen, M.; Potgeter, H.; Roth, A.; Siffrin, C.; Spoendlin, C. (2004). "Practical aspects of fast reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using 3μm particle packed columns and monolithic columns in pharmaceutical development and production working under current good manufacturing practice". Journal of Chromatography A. 1036 (2): 127-133. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.056. See PMID 15146913 .

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the characteristics of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Literature O. David Sparkman; Zelda Penton; Fulton G. Kitson (17 May 2011). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide. Academic Press. See ISBN 978-0-08-092015-3 .

Hormone regulation in mammals through stimulation of opsins

Embodiments herein include modulation of hormones in a mammal through the emission of one or more groups of repetitive modulated photon pulses within a photon signal to the mammal, wherein each repetitive group of pulses minimizes the energy used by the system. It has an individual color spectrum or range of color spectra, including the blue, green and/or red spectrum, at frequencies, intensities and duty cycles that can be tailored, monitored or optimized for specific hormones regulated in mammals. By providing the mammal with control over the rate and efficiency of the modulated photon energy, different parts of the photostimulation of mammalian opsins located in the hypothalamus and retinal (e.g., red opsin and green opsin) photoreceptors are different from those of the mammal. 0.1% 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500% and 1000% or more, and all integers between, increases in production of certain hormones relative to baseline hormone levels in mammals Production of specific hormones less than or equal to 0.1%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500%, and 1000% of baseline hormone levels in mammals, as in, and all integers therebetween It is optimized to reduce stress or calm the mammal, as well as regulation of hormones, including the reduction of , to allow modulation or control of the mammal's mood.

Opsins are a type of membrane-bound phytochrome receptor found in the mammalian retina and in the hypothalamic region of the brain. Opsins mediate various functions in mammals, including hormone production, through the conversion of photons of light into electrochemical signals.

In dairy cows, the pineal gland is involved in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone melatonin. This synthesis is initiated in mammals through light information received by the suprachiasmatic nucleus via the retina-hypothalamic tract. The photopigment, melanopsin, is thought to play an important role in this optical signaling cascade. Melanopsin is found in ganglion cells, such as rods and cones, and is found throughout many structures in the brain. Melanopsin photoreceptors have a maximum light absorption at 480 nm. Additionally, studies suggest that pre-stimulation of melanopsin with 620 nm light enhances its response to 480 nm light. This efficiency was also demonstrated to be wavelength, irradiance and duration dependent.

Melanopsin stimulation is thought to inhibit melatonin production by the pineal gland. Melatonin production is directly related to milk production in cows because it is an inhibitor of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Studies have shown that cows between milk production cycles with higher levels of melatonin will produce more milk when they return to production cycles. Low melatonin levels are also important during the milk production cycle as they allow maximum prolactin levels.

In one implementation of the present disclosure, alternating wavelengths of light, such as simultaneous pulsing of near-red and far-red wavelengths in an off-set pattern within a signal (e.g., the signal pattern shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 14, or FIG. 18). By regulating melatonin levels in cows via , cow's milk production can be directly controlled. This same mechanism is thought to be present in all mammalian species.

Melatonin is also an important component of the mammalian sense of the light cycle, which has been tried as a hormone directly in the animal's ovulatory cycle. Mammalian ovulation can be modulated by modulating melatonin levels in the mammal via alternating wavelengths of light (eg, the signaling patterns shown in FIGS. 13 , 14 or 18 ).

A photon is a massless elementary particle that has no charge. Photons are emitted from various sources such as molecular and nuclear processes, quanta of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Photon energy can be absorbed by phytochromes of living mammals and convert them into electrochemical signals that manipulate metabolites.

This phenomenon can be seen in human vision opsin chromophores. Absorption of photons of light causes photoisomerization of the chromophore from the 11-cis to all-trans form. Photoisomerization induces conformational changes in opsin proteins, leading to activation of the photoconversion cascade. The result is the conversion of rhodopsin to prelumirhodopsin with an all-trans chromophore. Opsins are not sensitive to light in their trans form. The change is also followed by several rapid changes in the structure of the opsin and a change in the relationship of the chromophore to the opsin. It is regenerated by replacement of all trans retinas by newly synthesized 11-cis-retina provided by retinal epithelial cells. This reversible and rapid chemical cycle is responsible for the identification and reception of color in humans. Similar biochemical processes exist in mammals. Phytochromes and pheophytins behave very similar to opsins in that they can be rapidly modulated to switch between cis and trans configurations by irradiation with light of different wavelengths.

Mammal responses to changes in day and night length involve changes in photon absorption molecules that closely parallel those related to the human eye cycle.

A mammal's response to a photon signal with one or more specific photon modulations can be monitored depending on the desired hormone being modulated. If the hormone of interest is the production of melatonin, the mammal can be monitored for expression or release of melatonin or stimulation of the pineal gland for release of luteinizing hormone, a heterodimeric glycoprotein that indicates impending ovulation in female mammals. Melatonin or luteinizing hormone can be monitored through blood or urine samples. Samples can be taken daily or at various times throughout the day to identify mammalian responses to photon modulation to ensure efficient ovulation or milk production.

The present disclosure also provides methods and systems for the amount of power used in a mammalian hormone production process, where the amount of energy delivered can be defined by calculating the total area under a graph of power over time. The present disclosure further provides methods and systems that enable monitoring, reporting and control of the amount of power used to regulate hormones of interest in mammals so that end users or energy providers can identify energy usage trends. let it be

One implementation of the system of the present disclosure is at least one such as an LED or array of LEDs in communication with a photon emission modulation controller including, but not limited to, digital output signals, solid state relays or field effect transistors BJTs or FETs or power converters. and at least one photon emitter having a single photon source. The photon emitter is modulated to transmit repetitive pulses of photons, where each individual pulse includes at least one color spectrum or wavelength, or multiple color spectrums or wavelengths, and may vary in intensity. Each photon pulse is directed to the mammal for a duration of time on such as 2 ms with one or more intensities with a duration of time off or delay between photon pulses such as 200 ms or up to 24 hours.

As used herein, "mammal" includes humans, cows, horses, camels, pigs, deer, ungulates including but not limited to elk, alpacas, llamas, and moose, bears, weasels, dogs, cats, Carnivores including but not limited to wolves, lions, tigers, skunks, rodents including but not limited to rats, mice and beavers, pterodactyls including but not limited to bats, including but not limited to kangaroos and opossums warm-blooded vertebrates, including hairy and mammary glands, including but not limited to marsupials, which do not become part of the body, and mammals from the order Primates, including, but not limited to, cetaceans, including whales and dolphins.

As used herein, “duty cycle” is the length of time it takes for a device to pass through a complete on/off period or photon signal. Duty cycle is the percentage of time an entity spends being active as a fraction of the total time under consideration. The term duty cycle is often used in reference to electrical devices such as switching power supplies. In an electrical device, a 60% duty cycle means the power is on 60% of the time and off 40% of the time. Exemplary duty cycles of the present disclosure may range from 0.01% to 90%, including all integers therebetween.

As used herein, "frequency" is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time, and any frequency may be used in the systems of the present disclosure. Frequency can also refer to temporal frequency. A repetition period is the duration of one period in a repeating event, so period is the reciprocal of frequency.

As used herein, the term "waveform" refers to the form of a graph of various quantities versus time or distance.

As used herein, the term "pulse wave" or "pulse train" is a type of non-sinusoidal waveform that resembles a square wave but does not have the symmetrical shape associated with a perfect square wave. It is a term common to synthesizer programming, and is a typical waveform available in many synthesizers. The exact shape of the wave is determined by the duty cycle of the oscillator. In many synthesis devices, the duty cycle can be modulated for more dynamic timbre (sometimes referred to as pulse-width modulation). A pulse wave is also known as a square wave, which is a periodic version of a rectangular function.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, and as described in more detail below, from the growth system described herein each repeating photon pulse has a duration on and duration off with one or more intensities, a wavelength band, and a duty cycle. Emission of one or more repetitive photon pulses within the photon signal leads to a gain efficiency greater than one, where gain=amplitude out/amplitude in.

1 provides a block diagram illustrating an example of a photon modulation management system 100 for use in the regulation of hormones in a mammal. 1, in communication with a photon emission modulation controller 104 for the purpose of modulating the emission of photons into a mammal for stimulating opsins to regulate hormone production as well as to control stress and mood in the animal. Emission emitters 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 and 116 are shown over a period of time. The modulated application of photons to a mammal by providing pulses of photons of one or more frequencies followed by pulses of one or more different frequencies for a duration with a delay between pulses may be used to produce biological components of the mammal (opsin receptors) and, for example, hormone production. For example, the pulsing of one or more specific spectrums of light to induce specific electrochemical signals to produce specific hormones or the pulsing of two or more specific spectra within a signal to produce specific hormones (e.g., the signal patterns shown in FIGS. 13-19). 0.1%, 1.0% relative to baseline hormone levels in the mammal, with the regulation or control of the mammal's mood by reducing stress or calming the mammal by enabling peak stimulation/modulation of biological responses, including the pulsing of wavelengths. , 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.2%, 20%, 33.3%, 50%, 81.7%, 100%, 143.9%, 150%, 181.4%, 200%, 250%, 444.2%, 500% and 5000 % increase in specific hormone production of at least and all integers therebetween, or, as in mammals, 0.1%, 1.2%, 7.7%, 10%, 15.6%, 20%, 47.2%, 50% below baseline hormone levels in mammals %, 74.5%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500% and up to 5000% and all integers in between. Further, modulation of photons relative to the mammal allows optimization of photon absorption by opsin receptors without oversaturation of the mammal's receptors. As described below, the modulation of photon pulses reduces the overall power draw by the system of the present disclosure by more than 99% of the photon source when compared to conventional beef or dairy production lighting systems, such as 60 watt lights, in current dairy production lighting systems. increases the energy and thermal efficiency of the hormone, reducing the amount of power and cost used to stimulate hormone production in mammals. In an example of the energy saving potential of a system of the present disclosure, the system pulses 49.2 watts of photons for 2 μs per 200 μs, resulting in an effective power consumption of 0.49 watt-hrs/hr in a power billing meter or 0.82 in a 60 watt standard incandescent bulb. % of power generated. Additionally, since the photon emitter does not continuously emit photons, the amount of heat generated from the photon emitter will be significantly reduced to compensate for the increased heat from lighting by significantly reducing facility cooling costs. The system of the present disclosure can measure photon intensity, pulse on duration, pulse off (or duty cycle), pulses including but not limited to white, near red, yellow, green, blue, orange, far red, infrared and ultraviolet. It can be tailored according to mammalian specific requirements for the light spectrum to encourage optimal hormone production as well as control of the animal's stress and mood.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a master logic controller (MLC) 102, e.g., a digital output control or solid state circuit having a central processing unit (CPU), is communicated via a communication signal 134 to a photon emission modulation controller ( 104) is communicating. The MLC 102 provides the system of the present disclosure with parameters for modulation of the photons in the signals from the photon emitters 106 and 108 and inputs/outputs for appropriate instructions or special functions.

In a further implementation, the MLC 102 is hardware embedded or wireless to an external source, such as a host, allowing external access to the MLC 102 by the host. This allows remote access by a user to monitor the inputs and outputs of the MLC 102, and provides direction or control to the system while also allowing remote programming and monitoring of the MLC 102.

In a further implementation, a power measurement or power consumption sensor may be integrated or embedded in the MLC 102 in the form of an integrated circuit to measure and report the power consumption of the system based on the voltage and current draw of the system of the present disclosure. can be allowed The power consumption of the system can then be communicated to the host either wirelessly from the MLC 102 or embedded in hardware. Data including power consumption can also be transmitted to an external receiver such as a database that is not connected to the system.

Photon emission modulation controller 104 includes duration on and intensity, duration off duty cycle, intensity, wavelength band and frequency of each repetitive photon pulse in photon signal 118 from photon emitter 106; Receive commands and instructions from MLC 102, including but not limited to. The photon emission modulation controller 104 modulates the photons and provides control and command over the duration on and intensity, duration off, wavelength band and frequency of each repetitive photon pulse from the photon emitters 106 and 108. may be a device of Photon emission modulation controllers (104 ) can be used as Various photon emitters (including but not limited to incandescent (tungsten-halogen and xenon), fluorescent (CFL), high intensity discharge (metal halide, high pressure sodium, low pressure sodium, mercury vapor), daylight, light emitting diode (LED) 106 and 108) may be used. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art when understanding the principles of the implementation, this description is intended to provide different ways of cycling light or photon sources on and off, one or more colors or spectra of light at different times, durations and intensities, e.g. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different types of photon emission modulation controllers, including cycling red, green, blue and far red, allowing multiple pulses of one spectrum before pulsing another spectrum.

As shown in FIG. 1 , based on instructions from MLC 102 , photon emission modulation controller 104 transmits photon emission control signal 136 to photon emitter 106 . When photon emission control signal 136 is sent to photon emitter 106 to turn it on, photon emitter 106 emits at least one photon signal 118, where each photon signal is one or more repetitive photons. pulses, wherein each repetitive photon pulse has a distinct duration on with one or more intensities, wavelength bands, and frequencies transmitted to the mammal 122 . Then, based on instructions from the MLC 102, the photon emitter control signal 136 is sent to the photon emitter 108 to turn it off, the photon emitter 108 does not emit photon pulses, and thus No photons are transmitted to mammal 122 . As shown in FIG. 1 , starting from the left side of FIG. 1 , emission of photons 118 , such as pulses of near-red photons, and mammalian 122 hormone production 124 are presented 120 over a period of time. The example of FIG. 1 provides photon signals 118, e.g., ultraviolet, violet, near red, green, yellow, orange, blue, and far red, as will be understood by those skilled in the art when understanding the principles of the implementation; Allows for multiple pulses of one spectrum before pulsing another spectrum or combination. It should also be appreciated that this on and off cycling can be in the form of digital pulses, pulse trains or various waveforms.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in a further embodiment, a system for use in the regulation of hormones as described in Figure 1 is an array (shown in Figures 3, 7, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D and 9). can be completely housed in a single device containing multiple photon emitters that generate photons), allowing each individual single device to be self-sufficient without the need for external controls or logic devices. An example of a self-sufficient device with multiple photon emitters may be in the form of a device that can be connected to a light socket or a light fixture that can be suspended over one or more mammals and connected to a power source.

The system shown in FIG. 1 is also a master/slave system as discussed in FIG. 4, e.g., a master photon emitter as well as a master photon emitter containing all the logic and control for the emission of photons from the master photon emitter. It may take the form of any additional photon emitter in communication with the photon emitter.

The system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can also take the form of a synchronized series of lights or a daisy chain of lights, where, for example, two of many photon emitters communicate with each other to emit a signal having two or more components. Synchronize. For clarity, although each photon emitter individually emits a signal comprising at least two components, the system allows for emission of signals from a series of emitters to be synchronized, eg via commands from a master logic controller.

A variety of power supplies may be used with the present disclosure. Such power sources may include, but are not limited to, batteries, line power, converters for solar and/or wind power. The intensity of the photon pulse may be static with distinct ON/OFF cycles, or the intensity may vary by 5% or more of the quantum of the photon pulse. The intensity of the photon pulse from the photon emitter can be controlled through the distribution of voltage and/or current from the power supply and delivered to the light source. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art for the photon emitter control device and support circuitry required for the system of the present disclosure, including the photon emitter. It will also be appreciated that the construction, installation and operation of the necessary components and support circuits are well known in the art. If program code is used, the program code for carrying out the operations disclosed herein will depend on the particular processor and programming language used in the system of the present disclosure. Consequently, it will be appreciated that the generation of program code from the disclosure presented herein will be within the skill of those skilled in the art.

2 provides a block diagram illustrating an example of a photon modulation management system 200 for regulating hormones in a mammal. As shown in FIG. 2 and repeated from FIG. 1 , photon emitters 106 and 108 are available in the white, green, near red, blue, yellow, orange, far red, infrared and ultraviolet color spectrums, from 0.1 nm to 1 cm. Presented for a period of time in communication with the photon emission modulation controller 104 for the purpose of modulating the individual pulses of photons comprising the individual color spectrum for mammals (not shown) including wavelength. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may include the color spectrum of certain individual wavelengths from 0.1 nm to 1.0 cm, or ranges or bands of wavelengths from 0.1 to 200 nm in width, herein "wavelength bands" can include

Modulation of the individual color spectrum of photons to a mammal by providing specific color spectrum pulses for a duration with a delay between pulses (examples are shown in FIGS. For example, mammalian retinal opsins for ovulation and hypothalamic opsins, allowing for peak stimulation of the pineal gland for regulation of hormone production. This peak stimulation increases the production of certain hormones by 0.1%, 1.0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, relative to baseline hormone levels in the mammal, with regulation or control of the mammal's mood by reducing stress or calming the mammal. %, 12.2%, 20%, 33.3%, 50%, 81.7%, 100%, 143.9%, 150%, 181.4%, 200%, 250%, 444.2%, 500%, and 1000%, and all integers in between. increase, or, as in mammals, production of a specific hormone below baseline hormone levels in mammals by 0.1%, 1.2%, 7.7%, 10%, 15.6%, 20%, 47.2%, 50%, 74.5%, 100% , 150%, 200%, 250%, 500%, and 1000%, and all integers in between, to allow regulation of hormones.

Examples of the ability to control a particular aspect of a mammalian biological component or reaction through the pulsing of an individual color spectrum, specific color wavelengths or ranges of color wavelengths may include, but are not limited to:

a. Milk production in mammals through modulation of pulses when melanopsin is pre-stimulated with 620 nm light to enhance its response to 480 nm light;

b. use of the blue spectrum between 390 and 470 nm to treat jaundice in prenatal mammals such as human preterm infants;

c. ovulation through modulation of pulses of a specific far-red wavelength (eg, 730 nm, exemplary wavelength ranges may include 710-850 nm) over a period of time;

d. help control hunger, growth, sexual development, as well as mood in mammals by pulses of blue light, as well as regulation of circadian rhythms (example ranges may include the range of 450 to 495 nm);

e. Ultraviolet or violet light (eg, 10 nm to 450 nm) can be used to influence social behavior and mood as well as promote nutrient updates such as calcium;

f. Additional orange light (590 nm to 620 nm) and/or yellow light (570 nm to 590 nm) can also be used to influence the mammalian response.

Modulation of individual color spectra, specific wavelengths, and wavelength ranges of photons for mammals by providing specific color spectrum pulses for a duration with a delay between pulses can also be used for mood, growth, ovulation, sexual maturity and hunger in mammals. Allows control of hormone production. Examples include cycling lights on and off to control ovulation, milk production and growth in mammals through one light or a combination of many lights.

As shown in FIG. 2 and repeated from FIG. 1 , a master logic controller (MLC) 102 is in communication with the photon emission modulation controller 104 by a communication signal 134 . The MLC 102 provides parameters for modulation of specific discrete color spectra of photons from the photon emitters 106 and 108 and the input/output or specific functions of the appropriate indications of the system of the present disclosure.

Photon emission modulation controller 104 controls the duration on and intensity of repetitive photon pulses 202 and 204, respectively, in photon signal 118 or a plurality of pulses of a particular color spectrum from photon emitters 106 and 108 in photon signal; Receives commands and instructions from the MLC 102 including but not limited to duration off, wavelength band and frequency. Photon emission modulation controller 104 controls the duration on and intensity, duration off, wavelength band, and intensity of a plurality of pulses from photon emitters 106 and 108 or repetitive photon pulses 202 and 204, respectively, in photon signal 118. Provides control and commands for frequency.

As shown in FIG. 2 , based on instructions from MLC 102 , photon emission modulation controller 104 transmits photon emission control signal 136 to photon emitters 106 and 108 . When photon emission control signal 136 is sent to photon emitter 106 on, photon emitter 106 emits one or more repetitive photon pulses of a specific color spectrum 202 or 204 including photon signal 118. and is transmitted to the mammal (122). Then, based on instructions from the MLC 102, the photon emitter control signal 136 is sent to the photon emitter 108 to turn it off, the photon emitter 108 does not emit a photon signal, and thus does not emit any photon signal. No photons are transmitted to the mammal 122 . As shown in FIG. 2, starting from the left side of FIG. 2, photons comprising repetitive photon pulses of specific color spectrums 202 (green) and 204 (far red) and mammalian 122 hormone production. Emission of signal 118 is shown 120 over a period of time. 2 shows a pulse or plurality of photons of the green color spectrum 202 emitted from the photon emitter 106 for 2 ms, followed by a pulse or plurality of photons of the far-red color spectrum 204 for a duration of 2 ms. A pulse of photons emitted from the same photon emitter 106 for 2 ms or a plurality of pulses 202 followed by a first photon of the far-red color spectrum 204 for a duration of 2 ms from the same photon emitter 114. photon signal 118 with a delay duration of 200 ms of each pulse before a two-photon pulse or photon signal repeat with multiple pulses (FIG. 2 is an illustrative example of a photon pulse emitted over time). Note that Figure 2 is not drawn to scale and hormone production by the mammal between pulses in Figure 2 is not necessarily to scale). The two pulses (green and far red) in signal 118 are pulsed simultaneously, but have their durations on and off offsets in this example. Although two photon pulses are shown in FIG. 2 , those skilled in the art will appreciate that any number of pulses, from 1 to 15 or even more, may be within the photon signal directed at the organism.

The system of the present disclosure, as described in FIGS. 1 and 2 , provides a variety of different colors in a mammal through cycling of one or more colors or spectrums of light, eg, near red, green, blue and far red, at different times, durations and intensities. Allowing regulation and control of hormone production, allowing single pulses or multiple pulses of one spectrum with a delay before pulsing the other spectrum (examples shown in Figures 13-19). Pulsing of individual color spectrums in unison or individually offset for duration with a delay between pulses within the signal can increase efficiency in stimulation of opsins for hormone regulation and production.

A variety of sources or devices can be used to generate photons from photon emitters, many of which are known in the art. However, examples of devices or sources suitable for the emission or production of photons from a photon emitter include LEDs that may be packaged within an LED array designed to produce a desired photon spectrum. Although an LED is shown in this example, one skilled in the art will understand that a variety of sources may be used for emitting photons, including but not limited to metal halide light, fluorescent light, high pressure sodium light, incandescent light, and LED. When metal halide lights, fluorescent lights, high pressure sodium lights, and incandescent lights are used with the methods, systems, and devices described herein, proper use of these types of photon emitters is to modulate and then filter the light to emit light of a certain wavelength for a certain duration. Note that we control whether this passes through.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to LEDs with a variety of photon emission durations, including photon emission durations of specific color spectrums and intensities. The pulsed photon emission of a particular color spectrum within the photon signal may be longer or shorter depending on the mammal in question, the mammal's age, and the emission method used to promote hormonal regulation and control of stress or mood.

The use of the LED array can be controlled to provide optimal pulses of photons of one or more color spectrums for specific mammalian ovulation, milk production, and growth, for example in beef. Users can simply select the photon pulse intensity, color spectrum, frequency and duty cycle for a particular type of mammal to encourage an efficient biological response in the mammal. The LED package can be customized to meet the specific requirements of each mammal. As discussed above, by using a packaged LED array with tailored pulsed photon emission, the implementations described herein can be used to alter mammal weight, and sexual maturity in a target mammal.

3 is a diagram of an example of a multiple photon emitter having an LED array 300 as a source of photons from the photon emitter. As shown in FIG. 3 , the photon emission modulation controller 104 is communicated by a plurality of photon emitter control signals 136 with the plurality of photon emitters. As further shown in FIG. 3 , each photon emitter includes an array of LEDs 302 , 304 , 306 and 308 . Each of the LED arrays 302 , 304 , 306 and 308 and circuitry that allow the LED arrays to communicate with the photon emission modulation controller 104 are contained in the LED array housings 310 , 312 , 314 and 316 .

As shown in Figure 3, the shape of the LED array is circular, but as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the shape of the array can take a variety of shapes depending on the biological response required by the mammal. The shape of the array may include, but is not limited to, circular, square, linear, rectangular, triangular, octagonal, pentagonal, and various other shapes.

The LED array housings 310, 312, 314 and 316 for each photon emitter may be made of a variety of suitable materials including but not limited to plastics, thermoplastics and other types of polymeric materials. Composites or other engineered materials may also be used. In some embodiments, the housing may be made of plastic, aluminum, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, zinc, cast or injection molding manufacturing processes. In some embodiments, the housing may be transparent or translucent and of any color.

4 is a diagram of an example of a plurality of photon emitters having a master photon emitter in communication and control of one or more slave photon emitters 400 . As shown in FIG. 4 , master photon emitter 402 communicates with a series of slave photon emitters 404 , 406 and 408 by means of a photon control signal 136 . The master photon emitter 402 is a controller, e.g., an MLC (102 in FIGS. 1 and 2), as well as a master photon emitter that controls each of the respective photon signals within each photon signal from each slave photon emitter 404, 406, and 408. The duration of each specific color spectrum photon pulse within each photon signal from the LED array housed within the master photon emitter 402 allowing to control the duration on and intensity, duration off, and frequency of the specific color spectrum photon pulse. It contains a photon emission modulation controller (shown at 104 in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) that controls on and off intensity, duration off, and frequency.

Conversely, each slave photon emitter 404, 406 and 408 is housed within each slave photon emitter 404, 406 and 408 and circuitry that receives command signals 136 from master photon emitter 402. It contains the circuitry necessary to emit a specific spectrum of photon pulses (e.g., near red, far red, blue, green, or orange) from an array of LEDs. For clarity, each slave photon emitter does not contain a controller such as an MLC, and neither do slave photon emitters 404, 406 and 408 contain a photon emission modulation controller. All commands and controls for the slave photon emitters 404 , 406 and 408 are received from the master photon emitter 402 . This master/slave system allows sharing of a single power supply and microcontroller. The master has a power supply, and its power is also transmitted to the slaves. Additionally, the master/slave system can be used to pulse photons in patterns that help regulate hormone production in other mammals.

A bus system (wired or wireless) is included in the MLC of the master photon emitter 402 or in each of the slave photon emitters 404, 406 and 408 to transmit the power of each individual slave photon emitter 404, 406 and 408. It may enable specific control by the master photon emitter 402 . By way of example, the master photon emitter 402 sends signal 136 to a particular slave photon emitter 404 to instruct the slave photon emitter 404 to emit a photon signal having a far-red pulse for a specified duration. While capable, the master photon emitter 402 simultaneously sends a command signal 136 to the second slave photon emitter 406 to emit a photon signal with a green pulse for a specified duration. While this illustrative example shows an array, plurality or chain of three slave photon emitters 404, 406 and 408 along with a master photon emitter 402, this description will be understood by those skilled in the art once the principles of the implementation are understood. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having any number of slave photon emitters in communication with and under control of a master photon emitter, as described herein.

In a further embodiment, the master photon emitter 402 is hardware embedded or wireless to allow external access to the master photon emitter 402 by a host to monitor the inputs and outputs of the master photon emitter 402. While allowing remote access, it also allows for remote programming of the master photon emitter.

5 is a diagram of an example of a master logic controller in communication and control of one or more photon emitters 500 . As shown in FIG. 5 , the master logic controller 102 is directed by a photon emission control signal 136 to a series of photon emitters 106 , 502 positioned over four different mammals 512 , 514 , 516 and 518 . , 504 and 506) are communicated. In this example, the master logic controller or MLC 102 (as already discussed in FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 ) also includes LEDs where the MLC 102 is housed within each photon emitter 106, 502, 504 and 506. It contains a photon emission modulation controller (shown in the discussion in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) that allows to control the duration on and intensity, duration off, and frequency of each particular color spectrum photon pulse in the photon signal from the array.

Via photon emission modulation controller 104, MLC 102 transmits to each photon emitter 106, 502, 504, and 506 each photon signal from each photon emitter (106, 502, 504, and 506) ( 508 and 510) to each photon emitter 106, 502, 504 and 506 with commands and instructions including but not limited to duration on, intensity, duration off and frequency of each particular color spectrum photon pulse. communicate The MLC 102 also maintains control of the power supply to the system and controls the transfer of power to each individual photon emitter 106, 502, 504, and 506.

5 , based on instructions from the MLC 102, the photon emission modulation controller 104 sends a photon emission control signal 136 to each individual photon emitter 106, 502, 504, and 506. send to Based on specific instructions sent to each photon emitter 106 , 502 , 504 , and 506 , the individual photon emitter 106 or 506 may display one or more specific colors for mammal 512 , 514 , 516 , or 518 . A photon signal comprising repetitive photon pulses of spectrum 508 and 510 (e.g., a photon signal having far red pulses and near red pulses 508 at various durations on and off or photon signals having various durations on and off 510 ) may be a photon signal having a far red pulse, a near red pulse, and a blue pulse). As further shown in FIG. 5 , based on instructions from MLC 102 , other individual photon emitters 502 or 504 may not emit photon signals towards mammal 122 for a duration of time. .

The ability of the MLC 102 to control the photon output or emitted from each individual photon emitter 106, 502, 504, and 506 makes it possible for systems of the present disclosure to be adapted to a mammal based on specific needs or requirements for that mammal. It allows to modify the photon emission for As discussed with respect to FIG. 2 , for example, an MLC may be used to modulate pulses of far red light for a period of time followed by pulses of blue light combined with near red light to control biological responses and mood/hunger in a mammal. It can be programmed to issue signals to specific emitters.

In the example shown in FIG. 5 , all commands and controls for each photon emitter 106 , 502 , 504 and 506 are received externally from the MLC 102 . However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the logic and hardware associated with the MLC 102 and photon emission modulation controller 104 may also be housed within each individual photon emitter so that each individual photon emitter can be externally controlled or logic devices. to be self-sufficient without the need for

In a further implementation, the MLC 102 may be hardware embedded or wireless, allowing external access to the MLC 102 by a user. This allows a user to remotely access and monitor the inputs and outputs of the MLC 102 while also allowing remote programming of the MLC 102.

6 provides an example of a further implementation showing a photonic modulation system of the present disclosure in which one or more sensors are used to monitor the mammal's environmental conditions as well as the mammal's response 600 to the photon system provided herein. do. As shown in FIG. 6 , one or more sensors 602 , 604 , 606 and 608 are connected to each mammal 618 , 620 , 622 and 624 to monitor various conditions associated with the mammal 618 , 620 , 622 and 624 . 624). Mammal-related conditions that may be monitored include, but are not limited to, humidity, air temperature, volume, movement, O ₂ , CO ₂ , CO, pH, and body weight. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, sensors may include, but are not limited to, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, motion sensors, microphones, gas sensors, cameras, and scales.

Sensors 602, 604, 606, and 608 monitor one or more conditions associated with mammals 618, 620, 622, and 624 and then transmit data 610, 612, 614, or 616 to MLC 102. . Transmission of data from one or more sensors 602, 604, 606, and 608 to MLC 102 may be accomplished in a variety of ways, either wirelessly or in a hardware-embedded manner. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, various communication systems may be used to transfer sensor derived information from mammals 618, 620, 622 and 624 to MLC 102.

Data from one or more sensors 602 , 604 , 606 and 608 are analyzed by MLC 102 . Based on the information from the sensor, the MLC 102, via the photon emission modulation controller 104, the MLC 102 transmits each photon signal 118 of each individual photon emitter 106, 602, 604 and 606. adjust the duration on, intensity, duration off, duty cycle and frequency of each particular color spectrum photon pulse 608 and 610 of the individual mammal 618 associated with a particular sensor 602, 604, 606 and 608; , 620, 622 and 624) or the needs of the mammal as a whole, the duration on, intensity, duration off, duty cycle and frequency of the group of photon emitters may be adjusted. Examples may include adjusting the signal to include both blue and far red 608 at various durations or adjusting the duration of pulses of far red, green and blue 610 .

In a further embodiment, the system of the present disclosure also includes a water supply system, supply system, environmental as well as health system (not shown in FIG. 6) in communication with and under control of the MLC 102 or a separate logic controller. can do. Based on information from sensors 602, 604, 606 and 608 associated with each mammal, MLC 102 will communicate with the water system, supply system, heating and cooling system, medication system based on the needs of the mammal. can Data including power can be transmitted to an external receiver such as a database that is not connected to the system.

7 provides an example of one implementation of an array of LEDs in communication with a series of solid state relays or SSRs 700 . As shown in FIG. 7 and repeated from FIG. 1 , MLC 102 communicates with photon emission modulation controller 104 by means of a communication signal 134 . The photon emission modulation controller 104 of this example contains three SSRs. MLC 102 outputs a signal to control the SSR. The first SSR controls an array of near red LEDs 702 , the second SSR controls an array of far red LEDs 704 , and the third SSR controls an array of blue LEDs 706 . Each SSR 702 , 704 and 706 communicates with an array of LEDs 714 , 716 and 718 by a photon emission signal 136 . As shown in FIG. 7 , the near red SSR 702 sends a photon emission signal 136 to the array of near red LEDs 714 to generate photons of the near red LED 714 including the near red voltage 708 . Initiate a pulse. The near-red voltage 708 is then transferred from the array of near-red LEDs 714 to a series of resistors 720, 742, and 738, e.g., a 68-Ω resistor, each resistor 720, 742, and 738 is connected to ground 744.

As further shown in FIG. 7 , the far-red SSR 704 sends a photon emission signal 136 to initiate a photon pulse of the far-red LED including a red voltage 710 to the array 718 of the red LEDs. do. Red voltage 710 is then transferred from red LED array 718 and a series of resistors 724, 728, 732 and 734, e.g. ) is connected to ground 744. 7 also shows a blue SSR 706 sending a photon emission signal 136 to initiate a photon pulse of the blue LEDs comprising a blue voltage 712 to the array 716 of blue LEDs. Blue voltage 712 is then sent from the array of blue LEDs 716 and sent to a series of resistors 722, 726, 730, 736 and 740, e.g., 150-Ω resistors, each register 722 , 726, 730, 736 and 740 are connected to ground 744.

8A-8D show various aspects of exemplary light assemblies for the emission of photons in a signal for use in the systems and methods described herein. FIG. 8A is a photograph showing the power converter, serial peripheral interface (SPI) and microcontroller of a multi-color die within an optical assembly. FIG. 8B is a photograph showing the back side of the multi-color die in the light assembly of FIG. 8A. FIG. 8C is a photograph showing a high-speed switching circuit for flashing of multi-color dies in the light assembly of FIG. 8A. FIG. 8D is a photograph showing the back side of the light assembly of FIG. 8C with interchangeable multi-color die LEDs.

The light assemblies of FIGS. 8A-8D can be used in some implementations described herein including a master/slave system, where the master photon emitter is the master photon emitter as well as any additional photon emitters in communication with the master photon emitter. It contains all the logic and control for the emission of photons and signals from the emitter. The light assemblies of FIGS. 8A-8D can also be used in a controller system. As discussed above, the controller communicates with two or more light emitters.

9 provides an exemplary layout of LEDs in LED array 900 . As shown in FIG. 9 , 12 LEDs form an array of photon emitters 302 in a photon emitter housing 310 . The sample layout is 400 nm (purple) (902), 436 nm (dark blue) (904), 450 nm (navy blue) (906), 460 nm (dental blue) (908), 490 nm (cyan) (910), 525 nm (green) (912), 590 nm (amber) (914), 625 nm (red) (916), 660 nm (deep red) (918) and 740 nm (far red) (920).

10 is a flow chart showing a method 1000 of modulation of pulsed individual color spectra for mammalian hormone production. As shown in FIG. 10, in step 1002, the master logic controller determines each individual color spectrum pulsed within the signal, the duration of each pulse of each color spectrum within the signal, the combination of colors being pulsed, and each color spectrum being pulsed. An indication regarding the duration of the delay between color spectrum pulses is received. The instructions and information transmitted to the master logic controller may relate to the photon pulse duration of each color being pulsed, the photon pulse delay, intensity, frequency, duty cycle, mammal species, mammalian maturation state, and type of hormone being produced. can In step 1004, the master logic controller sends instructions to the photon emission modulation controller as to the duration of each color spectrum being pulsed, the duration of each pulse of each color spectrum, the combination of color pulses and the duration of the delay between the different color spectrums. send. In step 1006, the photon emission modulation controller transmits at least one signal to one capable of emitting pulses of one or more discrete color spectrums, e.g., green LEDs, far-red LEDs, blue LEDs and orange LEDs towards the mammal. Transmit more than one photon emitter. In step 1008, the one or more photon emitters emit one or more pulses of photons of the indicated individual color spectrum to the mammal, causing specific opsins in the mammal to be stimulated to regulate hormone production. Methods for modulating hormone production can be used to increase or decrease hormone production in mammals by 0.1%, 1.0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.2%, 20%, 33.3%, 50%, 81.7%, 100%, relative to baseline hormone levels in the mammal. %, 143.9%, 150%, 181.4%, 200%, 250%, 444.2%, 500% and 1000%, and all integers in between. Conversely, the methods described herein can also reduce hormone production levels by 0.1%, 1.2%, 7.7%, 10%, Allow to decrease to 15.6%, 20%, 47.2%, 50%, 74.5%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500%, and 1000%, and all integers in between.

11 provides a further embodiment of the present disclosure showing a flow diagram 1100 of hormone regulation in a mammal based on information from a mammalian sensor. As shown in step 1102, the mammal sensor monitors one or more conditions related to the mammal's environment. Conditions monitored include, but are not limited to, air temperature, humidity, mammal's body temperature, weight, sound, mammal's movement, infrared, O ₂ , CO ₂ and CO. At step 1104, the mammalian sensor transmits data regarding environmental or physical conditions associated with the mammal to the MLC. The MLC then analyzes the data transmitted from the mammal, or the analysis can be performed by a third party software program remote to the system. In step 1106, based on the information from the mammalian sensor, the MLC sends instructions to change aspects of the environment, such as air temperature or humidity. At step 1108, the environmental system initiates an event for one or more animals based on analysis of the data from the sensors. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, coordination of events can be at the micro level, such as coordination of one particular mammal's environment, or coordination can be at the macro level, such as manipulation or manipulation of an entire growth chamber. In step 1110, based on information from the mammalian sensor, the MLC sends instructions regarding the timing and/or concentration of nutrients distributed to the mammal during the nutrient event to a feeding system, nutrient system or nutrient source, e.g. , drip, transfer to nutrient membrane or nutrient injection system. At step 1112, the nutrient system initiates a nutrient event in which nutrients are directed to the mammal based on analysis of data from the mammal sensor. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, modulation of nutrient events can be at the micro level, such as modulation of nutrients for one particular mammal, or modulation can be at the macro level, such as an entire growth chamber or manipulation. In step 1114, based on the analysis of the data from the mammalian sensor, the MLC determines the duration, intensity, color spectrum and/or duty of each photon pulse among different pulses in the color spectrum for a particular animal or group of animals. It sends an instruction to the photon emission modulation controller which adjusts the cycle. In step 1116, the photon emission modulation controller converts the signal to one or more photon pulses that adjust the duration, intensity, color spectrum and/or duty cycle of each photon pulse between different pulses in the color spectrum for a particular animal or group of animals. send to emitter In step 1118, based on the signal received from the photon emission modulation controller, the one or more photon emitters emit one or more photon pulses of individual color spectrums directed at the animal or group of animals.

FIG. 12 is a graph depicting an example photon signal with repetitive photon pulses in near red showing duration on and duration off for controlled regulation of hormones in a mammal. As shown in FIG. 12 and previously described in FIGS. 1 to 11 , an example of cycling a photon signal with repetitive photon pulses of one color spectrum within the photon signal is provided, wherein the photon signal with repetitive near-red photon pulses is a photon signal. emitted from the emitter. As shown graphically, the near red spectrum is pulsed first, followed by a delay. Next, a second pulse comprising the near red spectrum is pulsed again, followed by a delay. This photon signal can be repeated indefinitely or until mammalian hormone production receiving the photon pulse reaches a desired yield. In this illustrative example of a photon signal having a set of repetitive photon pulses containing an offset pulsing of one color spectrum, the description is for near red far red except for the standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, infrared, green blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

13 is a graph illustrating an example photon signal containing photon pulses in two color spectra, near red and far red. The time scale of this chart is not a constant ratio and serves as an example implementation to show changes in the color spectrum, duration on, duration off frequency and duty cycle within a photon signal that can be used to regulate hormone production. As shown in FIG. 13 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of a signal producing and simultaneously cycling photon pulses of various color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, wherein photon pulses comprising photon pulses of two color spectra are provided. A signal is emitted from the photon emitter. As shown graphically, the signal is first pulsed to give a far-red spectrum followed by a delay, followed by a pulse of the near-red spectrum followed by a delay. Next, a second pulse of near red is initiated, followed by a delay followed by individual pulses of far red. This photon signal can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to stimulate hormones for ovulation or to reset a mammal's circadian rhythm. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the two color spectrums, the description is for near-red, far-red, infrared, and green, except for standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

14 is a graph illustrating a second exemplary photon signal containing photon pulses in two color spectra, near red and far red. Again, the time scale of this chart is not a scale, but serves as an example implementation showing changes in the color spectrum, duration on, duration off frequency and duty cycle within a photon signal that can be used to regulate hormone production. As shown in FIG. 14 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling photon pulses of different color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, wherein a photon signal comprising photon pulses of two color spectra is sent to a photon emitter. emitted from As shown graphically, the far-red spectrum is pulsed in a series or pulse train of five pulses, followed by a pulse in the near-red spectrum, followed by a delay. This photon signal can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian hormone level is achieved. As discussed above, this example can also be used to regulate hormone production to stimulate ovulation or to reset a mammal's circadian rhythm. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the two color spectrums, the description is for near-red, far-red, infrared, and green, except for standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

15 is a graph illustrating an example photon signal containing photon pulses of two color spectra, blue and green. The time scale of this chart is not proportional and serves as an example implementation to show changes in the color spectrum, frequency and duty cycle that can be used to stimulate hunger or certain moods and reset the mammal's circadian rhythm. As shown in FIG. 15 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling multi-color spectrum photon pulses of the present disclosure is provided, where two color spectrum photon pulses are emitted from a photon emitter. As shown graphically, the blue and green pulses are pulsed first followed by a delay. Next, a second pulse of blue is initiated followed by a delay followed by individual pulses of green. This cycle can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to regulate hormones, hunger, mood or even reset circadian rhythms in mammals. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the two color spectrums, the description is for near-red, far-red, infrared, and green, except for standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

16 is a graph illustrating an example photon signal containing photon pulses in three color spectra, near red, blue and green. The time scale of this chart is not to scale and serves as an example implementation to show changes in the color spectrum, frequency and duty cycle that can be used to stimulate ovulation, hunger or certain moods and reset the mammal's circadian rhythm. . As shown in FIG. 16 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling photon pulses of various color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, wherein three color spectrum photon pulses are emitted from a photon emitter. As shown graphically, a near red pulse is provided followed by a delay. Next, a pulse of blue is initiated, followed by a delay followed by individual pulses of green. This signal and cycle can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to regulate hormones, ovulation, hunger, mood or even reset circadian rhythms in mammals. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the three color spectrums, the description is for near red, far red, infrared, and green except for the standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

17 is a graph depicting an exemplary photon signal containing photon pulses in five color spectra: green, ultraviolet, orange, near red and blue. The time scale of this chart is not to scale and serves as an example implementation to represent changes in the color spectrum, frequency and duty cycle that can be used to regulate hormones, ovulation, hunger or certain moods and reset circadian rhythms in mammals. do As shown in FIG. 17 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling photon pulses of various color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, where five color spectrum photon pulses are emitted from a photon emitter. As shown graphically, pulses of green and ultraviolet are provided followed by a delay. Next, a pulse of near red is initiated, followed by a delay, followed by pulses of green and ultraviolet. This cycle can be repeated with 5 pulses of green and ultraviolet and 3 pulses of near red followed by a single pulse of blue and orange. This pulse signal can be repeated indefinitely or until a silent mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to regulate hormones, ovulation, hunger, mood or even reset circadian rhythms in mammals. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the three color spectrums, the description is for near red, far red, infrared, and green except for the standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

18 is a graph illustrating a third exemplary photon signal containing photon pulses in two color spectra, near red and far red. The time scale of this chart is not proportional and serves as an example implementation to show changes in the color spectrum, duration on, duration off frequency and duty cycle within a photon signal that can be used to regulate hormones. As shown in FIG. 18 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling photon pulses of various color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, wherein a photon signal comprising photon pulses of two color spectra is sent to a photon emitter. emitted from As shown graphically, the far red spectrum is pulsed first followed by a delay, then the near red spectrum is pulsed followed by a delay. Next, a second pulse of near red is initiated, followed by a delay followed by individual pulses of far red. This photon signal can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to regulate hormones, ovulation, or reset the mammal's circadian rhythm. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of the two color spectrums, the description is for near-red, far-red, infrared, and green, except for standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including, but not limited to, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

19 is a graph illustrating an example photon signal containing photon pulses in two color spectra, near red and far red. The time scale of this chart is not a constant scale and serves as an example implementation to show changes in the color spectrum, duration on with variable intensities, duration off frequencies and duty cycles within a photon signal that can be used to regulate hormones. do As shown in FIG. 19 and previously described in FIGS. 1-11 , another example of cycling photon pulses of various color spectra of the present disclosure is provided, wherein a photon signal comprising photon pulses of two color spectra is sent to a photon emitter. emitted from As shown graphically, the far red spectrum is pulsed first followed by a delay, then the near red spectrum is pulsed followed by a delay. Next, a second pulse of near red is initiated, followed by a delay followed by individual pulses of far red. This photon signal can be repeated indefinitely or until the desired mammalian response is initiated and received under the photon pulse. As discussed above, this example can also be used to stimulate ovulation or reset the mammal's circadian rhythm. In this illustrative example of a set of photon pulses containing offset pulsing of two color spectra with variable intensities, the description is for near red, far red, excluding standard analog frequency light emission standards of 60 Hz in the US and 50 Hz in Europe. It should be understood that it is applicable to any such system having different emission of photon pulses over a period of time as various combinations of pulses in the color spectrum including but not limited to red, infrared, green, blue, yellow, orange and ultraviolet. Examples of photon pulse durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination may include, but are not limited to, 0.01 μs to 5000 ms and all integers therebetween. The systems of the present disclosure also allow for other durations between pulses of each individual color spectrum or color spectrum combination, including but not limited to from 0.1 μs to 24 hours and all integers in between. Systems of the present disclosure can be programmed to allow for changes in photon emission as well as changes in photon emission delay to allow for events such as extended dark cycles.

Table 4 below provides a table of lighting options. As shown in Table 4, column 1 provides the name or designation of the lighting option or pulse signal, column 2 provides the color pulse of the lighting option, column 3 is the on duration of each pulse in the pulse signal, and column 4 is the off duration of each pulse in the pulse signal, and column 5 gives the time from on to off.

Example

The following examples are provided to further illustrate various applications and are not intended to limit the invention beyond the limits set forth in the appended claims.

Example 1 - Modulation of melatonin in humans

Adult male humans (Homo sapiens) were subjected to secondary pulsed illumination (Option 15 in Table 4 at 600 Ma for near red and 900 Ma for far red) on March 22, 2018 and March 23, 2018 in Greeley, Colorado. ) for approximately 6 hours during the night and 8 hours during the day within a 24-hour period to assess melatonin levels under typical daily activity. Auxiliary lighting was additive to normal environment lighting, eg computers, televisions, etc.

Blood was collected from a Caucasian male human in his mid-40s. The first two samples were collected under subdued lighting conditions at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm. The subject was then exposed to supplemental pulsed light (option 15 in Table 4) for 14 hours, including sleep for the next 24 hours, and his blood was drawn at 9 am and 5 pm. A total of 8 samples were extracted. Samples were taken from the anterior fossa of the arm. Blood was collected using a 25-gauge needle with a 3cc syringe. Samples were immediately transferred to lithium-heparin tubes and inverted a total of 10 times. Plasma was isolated by centrifuging the blood cells at 3200 rpm for 10 minutes using a Cole-Parmer centrifuge. Plasma samples were poured into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and placed in a freezer at -17°C. Samples were prepared using the ab213978 melatonin ELISA kit from Abcam Labs. Samples were analyzed using Varioskan LUX from Thermo Scientific.

All precipitates and solids were removed by centrifugation. Equal volumes (500 μL) of cold ethyl acetate and plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and gently vortexed. The layers were allowed to separate on ice. Samples were vortexed again and incubated on ice for 2 minutes. The samples were then centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 minutes. The organic layer was carefully pipetted into a new tube. It is then dried in an inert gas (argon) stream. Next, the pellet was suspended in 100 to 200 μL of 1X Stabilizer. Samples were then kept on ice after suspension and assays were performed immediately.

ELISA kits are purchased in 96-well plates and are ready to use upon arrival. Immunoassays were stored in sealed pouches with desiccant in a refrigerator at 8°C until the day of use.

All kit components were brought to room temperature. Plasma samples were used directly without any dilution. Next, 100 μL of the sample was added to each well of the pre-coated well plate, along with 100 μL of IX stabilizer added to the blank wells. Subsequently, 50 μL of 1X melatonin tracer and 50 μL of 1X melatonin antibody were added to each sample well except for the blank well. The plate was sealed and incubated at room temperature (RT) on a shaker plate for 1 hour at about 500 rpm. After incubation, samples were washed with wash buffer a total of 3 times at 400 μL per well. After the last wash, the plate was emptied, the contents were aspirated, and the plate was tapped on a paper towel to dry to remove any remaining wash buffer. Next, 200 μL of melatonin conjugate solution was added to each well except blank wells. Again, the plate was sealed and incubated at RT on a plate shaker at about 500 rpm for 30 minutes. The plate was washed again in the same manner as before and all wash buffer was removed. At this point, 200 μL of TMB substrate solution was added to each well and the plate was incubated for 30 min at RT on a shaker plate at the same speed as done previously. 50 μL of stop solution was then added to each well. Optical density (OD) readings were recorded at 450 nm wavelength by a plate reader.

All data are presented as means using a curve fitting program (4-parameter) from the plate reader software (Skanlt Software 5.0 for microplate reader). All plots were generated with Excel. A known concentration of melatonin antibody was pre-immobilized on the plate. 20 depicts dilution curves for each pre-fixed dilution (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 pg/mL) of melatonin antibody in a well plate.

As a known standard, changes in melatonin concentration in ng/mL were obtained under light (option 15 in Table 4) as described herein and compared to control light (FIG. 21). Blood was collected from human subjects over 2 days. The first set of samples were collected at approximately 8 hour intervals under standard light conditions. The second set of samples were each collected on the same day as the first set of samples and on the same day as described herein (option 15 in Table 4). Samples were placed in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes and stored in a freezer at -17°C until the day of use. All standards, blanks and samples were taken in duplicate and averaged.

Melatonin is an important component of mammalian circadian rhythms. Extensive research has shown that different photoperiods affect melatonin production. This test was performed to determine the effect of the light described herein on human melatonin levels.

The data in FIG. 21 show that human melatonin levels increased by 24.79% after the first and second 8 hour time points. As described herein, melatonin levels increased significantly after longer exposure to light (option 150 in Table 4 at 600 Ma and 900 Ma). The data indicate that pulsing light as described herein results in direct modulation of melatonin levels in humans.

Example 2 - Modulation of Melatonin in Cattle

Ten month old Black Angus bulls bred in Yuna, Arizona were placed in a 12 x 12 ft agricultural panel pen under normal lighting. After blood samples were collected for the first three time points (1400 hours, 2200 hours and 700 hours), the bulls were housed in a sheltered enclosure framed by an agricultural panel and the only light source was a specific set of lights as described herein (Option 15 in Table 4 at 1100 Ma). Supplemental air to the tents was provided via HVAC fans, and a normal ration of grass hay and five pounds of sweet grain per day was provided ad libitum. The light intensity of the light load as described herein (option 15 in Table 4 at 1100 Ma) in the enclosure ranged from 52 to 1012 mW/m ² . If necessary, the bulls were transferred to the compression chute for blood collection and then returned to the enclosure.

Blood was collected from bulls at approximately eight (8) hour intervals. The first three samples are collected under subdued lighting conditions at 1400, 2200 and 700 hours, followed by a 74-hour exposure to a specific pulsed light recipe. Three additional samples were taken after light exposure on approximately the same day as the initial blood collection (1400 hours, 2200 hours and 700 hours). Samples were taken from the coccyx (tail) vein. Blood was collected using a 23-gauge needle with a 3cc syringe. Samples were immediately transferred to lithium-heparin tubes and inverted a total of 10 times. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3200 rpm for 10 minutes using a Cole-Parmer centrifuge to isolate plasma. Plasma samples were poured into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and placed in a freezer at -17°C. Samples were prepared using the ab213978 melatonin ELISA kit from Abcam Labs. Samples were analyzed using Varioskan LUX from Thermo Scientific.

All precipitates and solids were removed by centrifugation. Equal volumes (500 μL) of cold ethyl acetate and plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and gently vortexed. The layers were allowed to separate on ice. Samples were vortexed again and incubated on ice for 2 minutes. The samples were then centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 minutes. The organic layer was carefully pipetted into a new tube. It is then dried in an inert gas (argon) stream. Next, the pellet was suspended in 100 to 200 μL of 1X Stabilizer. Samples were then kept on ice after suspension and assays were performed immediately.

ELISA kits are purchased in 96-well plates and are ready to use upon arrival. Immunoassays were stored in sealed pouches with desiccant in a refrigerator at 8°C until the day of use.

All kit components were brought to room temperature. Plasma samples were used directly without any dilution. Next, 100 μL of the sample was added to each well of the pre-coated well plate, along with 100 μL of IX stabilizer added to the blank wells. Subsequently, 50 μL of 1X melatonin tracer and 50 μL of 1X melatonin antibody were added to each sample well except for the blank well. The plate was sealed and incubated at room temperature (RT) on a shaker plate for 1 hour at about 500 rpm. After incubation, samples were washed with wash buffer a total of 3 times at 400 μL per well. After the last wash, the plate was emptied, the contents were aspirated, and the plate was tapped on a paper towel to dry to remove any remaining wash buffer. Next, 200 μL of melatonin conjugate solution was added to each well except blank wells. Again, the plate was sealed and incubated at room temperature on a plate shaker at about 500 rpm for 30 minutes. The plate was washed again in the same manner as before and all wash buffer was removed. At this point, 200 μL of TMB substrate solution was added to each well, and the plate was incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature on a shaker plate at the same speed as done previously. 50 μL of stop solution was then added to each well. Optical density (OD) readings were recorded at 450 nm wavelength by a plate reader.

All data are presented as means using a curve fitting program (4-parameter) from the plate reader software (Skanlt Software 5.0 for microplate reader). All plots were generated with Excel. A known concentration of melatonin antibody was pre-immobilized on the plate. 22 depicts standard curves for each pre-fixed dilution (50, 10, 2, 0.4, 0.08 ng/mL) of melatonin antibody in a well plate.

As a known standard, changes in melatonin concentration in ng/mL were obtained under illumination as described herein and compared to control illumination (shown in Figure 23). Blood was collected from bulls for 5 days. The first set of samples were collected a total of 3 times every 8 hours under control light. The second set of samples each collected light as described herein on the same day as the first set of samples. Samples were placed in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes and stored in a freezer at -17°C until the day of use. All standards, blanks and samples were taken in duplicate and averaged.

Melatonin is an important component of mammalian circadian rhythms. Extensive research has shown that different photoperiods affect melatonin production. This test was performed to determine the effect of the light described herein on bovine melatonin levels.

The data in FIG. 23 shows that bovine melatonin levels increase by 20.79% with longer exposure to light as described herein. After approximately 92 hours of exposure to light as described herein (Option 150 in Table 4 at 1100 Ma), a significant increase of 20.79% was observed. Preliminary data indicate that different lighting recipes can result in direct modulation of melatonin levels in cattle.

Example 3 - Gene expression and hormone secretion found in pigs

In another example, the light input of the systems and methods described herein affects gene expression and hormone secretion found in pigs. In both sows and sows, seasonal infertility has many important economic implications. Decreased farrowing rates are a result of an increase in the number of sows and sows returning to estrus and fertilization, and a high rate of spontaneous abortions in completed breedings in late summer and early autumn. This results in inefficient use of the facility and reduces the number of piglets produced. Also, smaller litter size, increased time from weaning to estrus, and delayed puberty in young sows expected to mature between August and November in the Northern Hemisphere are associated with longer days. All of these factors contribute to an animal's unproductive days.

Example 4 - Modulation of Circadian Rhythms in Mammals

Another example of light input and circadian rhythms affecting human gene expression and hormone secretion can be found in the spring forward effect from daylight savings time (DST). These effects are widespread, with modern studies showing effects spanning a 10% increased risk of myocardial infarction, an 8% increased risk of cerebrovascular accident, an increase in suicide, and a reduction in successful in vitro fertilization.

Example 5 - Regulation of Circadian Rhythms in Mammals

In another example, cow calves raised under long photoperiods produce larger and leaner bodies at maturity with greater mammary parenchymal growth. Cows exposed to long photoperiods produced higher milk yields due to lower melatonin concentrations and higher prolactin concentrations, whereas short photoperiods during the dry period of dioxic cows enhanced milk production in subsequent lactation. These items indicate the importance of the cow's light exposure for optimal production. Bovine somatotropin is a naturally occurring substance in cattle used to maximize postpartum milk production. In the 1970s, rBST was created when using e-coils to produce artificial growth hormone in cows. Unfortunately, studies have shown that this man-made hormone has many effects on cattle health, including a 24% increase in mastitis cases (an economic impact of between $14 and $2 billion annually), a 40% decrease in fertility, and a 55% increase in lameness. Turned out to be insane. These side effects are not present in naturally occurring BSTs created using photographic cues of conventional light.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and other modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. Embodiments are selected and described in order to best explain the principles of the present invention and its practical applications so that others skilled in the art may best utilize the present invention in various embodiments and variations suitable for the particular use contemplated. The appended claims are intended to be construed to cover other alternative embodiments of the invention except as limited by the prior art.

Claims (34)

As a method of regulating hormones in mammals,
at least one photon emitter; providing a system for pulsing a photon signal towards a mammal comprising at least one photon emission modulation controller in communication with the at least one photon emitter; and
emitting the signal toward the mammal;
wherein the at least one photon emitter is configured to generate a photon signal for the mammal, the photon signal comprising two or more independent components, the two or more independent components being repetitive first modulated photons a first independent component of a group of pulses and a second independent component of a second group of repetitive modulated photon pulses;
wherein the first group of modulated photon pulses has one or more first photon pulses ON durations having one or more first intensities, one or more first photon pulses OFF durations, and a first wavelength color have;
the one or more durations of the first photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 10 ms and the one or more durations of the first photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours;
the second group of modulated photon pulses has one or more second photon pulse on durations with one or more second intensities, has one or more second photon pulses off durations, and has a second wavelength color;
the one or more durations of the second photon pulse on are between 0.01 μs and 10 ms and the one or more durations of the second photon pulses off are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours;
the first independent component and the second independent component are simultaneously produced within the signal;
at least one aspect of the second group of modulated photon pulses is different from the first group of modulated photon pulses;
wherein the combined effect of the signals modulates hormone levels in the mammal. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises establishing a baseline hormone level in the mammal prior to emitting the signal towards the mammal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said modulating is an increase in hormone production in said mammal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said modulation is reduction of hormone production in said mammal. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hormone to be modulated is selected from hypothalamic hormones and pituitary hormones. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hormone is regulated in the mammal's brain, testis, liver, placenta, heart, lungs, muscle, kidney, pancreas, or skin. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hypothalamic hormone is selected from corticotropin-releasing hormone, prolactin-releasing factor (serotonin, acetylcholine, opiates & estrogens), somatostatin and prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine). 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pituitary hormones are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone, endorphins, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin. Method selected from. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hormone is melatonin. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the hormone production is increased relative to the baseline level between 0.1% and 5000%. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hormone production is reduced below the baseline level between 0.1% and 5000%. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first wavelength color of the first group of modulated photon pulses has a wavelength of 0.1 nm to 1 cm;
wherein the second wavelength color of the second modulated photon pulse group photon pulse has a wavelength between 0.1 nm and 1 cm and is different from the first wavelength color of the first modulated pulse group. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first wavelength color of the first group of modulated photon pulses has a near red wavelength;
wherein the second wavelength color of the second modulated photon pulse group photon pulse has a far-red wavelength. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first group of modulated pulses has one or more photon pulse-on durations between 0.01 μs and 999 μs;
wherein the second group of modulated pulses has one or more photon pulse-on durations between 0.01 μs and 999 μs. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first group of modulated pulses has one or more photon pulse-on durations between 999 μs and 10 ms;
wherein the second group of modulated pulses has one or more photon pulse-on durations of 999 μs to 10 ms. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a master logic controller in communication with the at least one photon emission modulation controller, wherein the master logic controller sends commands to the at least one photon emission modulation controller to transmit commands to the at least one photon emitter. from the one or more first photon pulse-on durations, the one or more first photon pulse-off durations, the first photon pulse intensity, and the first photon pulse wavelength color and the one or more second photon pulse-on durations; controlling the at least one second photon pulse delay off duration, the second photon pulse intensity, and the second photon pulse wavelength color. The method of claim 16
providing a power consumption sensor in communication with the master logic controller;
monitoring power usage of the at least one photon emitter;
and communicating the power consumption from the power consumption sensor to a host external to a master logic controller. The method of claim 16
providing at least one sensor;
monitoring at least one condition associated with the mammal, wherein the at least one condition associated with the mammal is an environmental condition associated with the mammal or a physiological condition associated with the mammal; and
and communicating data regarding the condition from the at least one sensor to the master logic controller. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising adjusting the duration, intensity, wavelength band and duty cycle of the at least first group of modulated pulses and the second group of first modulated pulses based on information from the power consumption sensor. Further comprising, the method. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one sensor is an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a mammal body temperature sensor, a mammal weight sensor, a sound, motion sensor, an infrared sensor, an O ₂ sensor, a CO ₂ sensor, and a combination thereof. selected from the group consisting of: The method of claim 1 , wherein all additional or supplemental light is blocked from the mammal. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emission of the signal is a secondary source of photons. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first group of modulated photon pulses and the second group of modulated photon pulses have a change in light quantum of at least 5%. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duty cycle of the first group of modulated photon pulses and the second group of modulated photon pulses ranges from 0.1% to 93%. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further modulates a desired response from the mammal, wherein the desired response is selected from ovulation, hunger and mood. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the desired response in the mammal is an opsin-mediated response in the hypothalamus of the mammal. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the desired response in the mammal is a response mediated by the pineal gland of the mammal. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the desired response in the mammal is an opsin-mediated response in the mammal's brain, testis, liver, placenta, heart, lung, muscle, kidney, pancreas, or skin. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the baseline hormone level is established using an analytical technique selected from enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hormone regulation regulates mammalian behavior, regenerative cycling, hair growth, sedation or metabolic rate. As a method of regulating hormones in mammals,
at least one photon emitter; providing a system for pulsing a photon signal toward a mammal comprising at least one photon emission modulation controller in communication with the at least one photon emitter; and
emitting the signal toward the mammal;
The at least one photon emitter is configured to generate a photon signal for the mammal, wherein the photon signal comprises two or more independent components, wherein the two or more independent components are repetitive first modulated photon pulses. a first independent component of a group and a second independent component of a repetitive second group of modulated photon pulses;
the first group of modulated photon pulses has one or more first photon pulse on durations with one or more first intensities, has one or more first photon pulses off durations, and has a first wavelength color;
the one or more durations of the first photon pulse on period are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms, and the one or more durations of the first photon pulse off period are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours;
the second group of modulated photon pulses has one or more second photon pulse on durations with one or more second intensities, has one or more second photon pulses off durations, and has a second wavelength color;
the one or more durations of the second photon pulse on period are between 0.01 μs and 5000 ms, and the one or more durations of the second photon pulse off period are between 0.1 μs and 24 hours;
the first independent component and the second independent component are simultaneously produced within the signal;
the one or more first photon pulse-on periods of the first independent component start at different time points and are offset from the one or more second photon pulse-on periods of the second independent component generated concurrently with the signal;
a color of a second wavelength of the second group of modulated photon pulses is different from a color of a second wavelength of the first group of modulated photon pulses;
wherein the combined effect of the signals regulates hormone levels in the mammal. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising establishing a baseline hormone level in the mammal prior to emitting the signal towards the mammal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the regulation is an increase in hormone production in the mammal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the regulation is reducing hormone production in the mammal.

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